1
|
Cai K, Gao W, Li X, Lin Y, Li D, Quan W, Zhao R, Ren X. Development and Application of Portable Reflectometric Spectroscopy Combined with Solid-Phase Extraction for Determination of Potassium in Flue-Cured Tobacco Leaves. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:20730-20738. [PMID: 37332809 PMCID: PMC10269270 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Potassium (K) plays important roles in the energy and substance conversion of tobacco metabolism and is also regarded as one of the important indicators of tobacco quality evaluation. However, the K quantitative analytical method shows poor performance in terms of being easy-to-use, cost-effective, and portable. Here, we developed a rapid and simple method for the determination of K content in flue-cured tobacco leaves, including water extraction with 100 °C heating, purification with solid-phase extraction (SPE), and analysis with portable reflectometric spectroscopy based on K test strips. The method development consisted of optimization of the extraction and test strip reaction conditions, screening of SPE sorbent materials, and evaluation of the matrix effect. Under the optimum conditions, good linearity was observed in 0.20-0.90 mg/mL with a correlation coefficient >0.999. The extraction recoveries were found to be in the range of 98.0-99.5% with a repeatability and reproducibility of 1.15-1.98% and 2.04-3.26%, respectively. The sample measured range was calculated to be 0.76-3.68% K. Excellent agreement was found in accuracy between the developed reflectometric spectroscopy method and the standard method. The developed method was applied to analyze the K content in different cultivars, and the content varied greatly among the samples with lowest and highest contents for Y28 and Guiyan 5 cultivars, respectively. This study can provide a reliable approach for K analysis, which may become available on-site in a quick on-farm test.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Cai
- Guizhou
Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Weichang Gao
- Guizhou
Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Guizhou
Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Yechun Lin
- Guizhou
Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Decheng Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil
Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Wenxuan Quan
- Key
Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Area and Protection
of Ecological Environment of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Ruijuan Zhao
- Guizhou
Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Xueliang Ren
- Guizhou
Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang 550081, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Practical applications of sensor-based methodologies for monitoring peracetic acid (PAA) as a disinfectant of fresh produce wash water. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
3
|
Antioxidant HPTLC-DPPH Fingerprinting of Honeys and Tracking of Antioxidant Constituents Upon Thermal Exposure. Foods 2021; 10:foods10020357. [PMID: 33562382 PMCID: PMC7914617 DOI: 10.3390/foods10020357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) coupled with the use of DPPH* (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) as a derivatisation reagent is a novel approach to the analysis of antioxidant activity of honeys. The method facilitates the visualisation of individual constituents that contribute to the overall antioxidant activity of the honey, even if they are not yet chemically identified, and allows for the quantification of their antioxidant activity as gallic acid equivalents. The method supports a more in-depth study of the antioxidant activity of honey as it allows for a comparative analysis of the antioxidant fingerprints of honeys of different floral origin and is able to capture differences in their individual bioactive constituents. Further, it supports the tracking of changes in antioxidant activity of individual honey constituents over time upon exposure to different temperature conditions, which demonstrates the potential value of the method for in-process quality control.
Collapse
|
4
|
Fakhlaei R, Selamat J, Khatib A, Razis AFA, Sukor R, Ahmad S, Babadi AA. The Toxic Impact of Honey Adulteration: A Review. Foods 2020; 9:E1538. [PMID: 33114468 PMCID: PMC7692231 DOI: 10.3390/foods9111538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Honey is characterized as a natural and raw foodstuff that can be consumed not only as a sweetener but also as medicine due to its therapeutic impact on human health. It is prone to adulterants caused by humans that manipulate the quality of honey. Although honey consumption has remarkably increased in the last few years all around the world, the safety of honey is not assessed and monitored regularly. Since the number of consumers of honey adulteration have increased in recent years, their trust and interest in this valuable product has decreased. Honey adulterants are any substances that are added to the pure honey. In this regard, this paper provides a comprehensive and critical review of the different types of adulteration, common sugar adulterants and detection methods, and draws a clear perspective toward the impact of honey adulteration on human health. Adulteration increases the consumer's blood sugar, which can cause diabetes, abdominal weight gain, and obesity, raise the level of blood lipids and can cause high blood pressure. The most common organ affected by honey adulterants is the liver followed by the kidney, heart, and brain, as shown in several in vivo research designs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafieh Fakhlaei
- Food Safety and Food Integrity (FOSFI), Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Jinap Selamat
- Food Safety and Food Integrity (FOSFI), Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (A.F.A.R.); (R.S.)
| | - Alfi Khatib
- Pharmacognosy Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Pahang Darul Makmur, Malaysia;
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60155, Indonesia
| | - Ahmad Faizal Abdull Razis
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (A.F.A.R.); (R.S.)
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rashidah Sukor
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (A.F.A.R.); (R.S.)
| | - Syahida Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology & Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Arman Amani Babadi
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Modern Methods for Assessing the Quality of Bee Honey and Botanical Origin Identification. Foods 2020; 9:foods9081028. [PMID: 32751938 PMCID: PMC7466300 DOI: 10.3390/foods9081028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper is a summary of the latest literature on methods for assessing quality of natural bee honey. The publication briefly characterizes methods recommended by the International Honey Commission, published in 2009, as well as newer methods published in the last 10 years. Modern methods of assessing honey quality focus mainly on analyzing markers of individual varieties and classifying them into varieties, using, among others, near infrared spectroscopy techniques (NIR), potentiometric tongue, electronic nose, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), zymography, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), DNA metabarcoding, and chemometric techniques including partial least squares (PLS), principal component analysis (PCA) and artificial neural networks (ANN). At the same time, effective techniques for analyzing adulteration, sugar, and water content, hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), polyphenol content, and diastase activity are being sought. Modern techniques enable the results of honey quality testing to be obtained in a shorter time, using the principles of green chemistry, allowing, at the same time, for high precision and accuracy of determinations. These methods are constantly modified, so that the honey that is on sale is a product of high quality. Prospects for devising methods of honey quality assessment include the development of a fast and accurate alternative to the melissopalynological method as well as quick tests to detect adulteration.
Collapse
|
6
|
Kirchert S, Schulz M, Oberle M, Morlock GE. Development of a new particulate 4-μm adsorbent layer for ultrathin-layer chromatography (miniaturized chromatogram). J Chromatogr A 2019; 1587:247-255. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
7
|
Başar B, Özdemir D. Determination of honey adulteration with beet sugar and corn syrup using infrared spectroscopy and genetic-algorithm-based multivariate calibration. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2018; 98:5616-5624. [PMID: 29696655 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) equipped with attenuated total reflectance accessory was used to determine honey adulteration. Adulterated honey samples were prepared by adding corn syrup, beet sugar and water as adulterants to the pure honey samples in various amounts. The spectra of adulterated and pure honey samples (n = 209) were recorded between 4000 and 600 cm-1 wavenumber range. RESULTS Genetic-algorithm-based inverse least squares (GILS) and partial least squares (PLS) methods were used to determine honey content and amount of adulterants. Results indicated that the multivariate calibration generated with GILS could produce successful models with standard error of cross-validation in the range 0.97-2.52%, and standard error of prediction between 0.90 and 2.19% (% w/w) for all the components contained in the adulterated samples. Similar results were obtained with PLS, generating slightly larger standard error of cross-validation and standard error of prediction values. CONCLUSION The fact that the models were generated with several honey samples coming from various different botanical and geographical origins, quite successful results were obtained for the detection of adulterated honey samples with a simple Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy technique. Having a genetic algorithm for variable selection helped to build somewhat better models with GILS compared with PLS. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Başak Başar
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Izmir Institute of Technology, İzmir, Turkey
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wald JP, Morlock GE. Quantification of steviol glycosides in food products, Stevia leaves and formulations by planar chromatography, including proof of absence for steviol and isosteviol. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1506:109-119. [PMID: 28552425 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Steviol glycosides may degrade in food products under certain processing and storage conditions. Hence, a method was developed that separated in the same chromatographic run seven important steviol glycosides, and additionally as a sum parameter, their reported breakdown products steviol and isosteviol. Through derivatizations with the 2-naphthol and the primuline reagent, the detection was selective and inexpensive. In case needed, the baseline separation of steviol and isosteviol was also demonstrated after a plate cut and subsequent short development (two-step method). The HPTLC method was robust with regard to varying sample matrix loads, as the stationary phase was used only once. A high sample throughput was achieved, i.e. 23 separations were performed in parallel on one plate. The total analysis time took 1h (30min application, 15min separation and 15min derivatization/densitometry) leading to a calculated analysis time of 2.6min per sample. The solvent consumption was 8mL in total (0.4mL per analysis). HPTLC-ESI-MS was employed for confirmation of the results obtained. Mass spectra were recorded only from the zones of interest, and not from matrix or background, leading to decisive advantages, such as less need for MS cleaning. The optimized HPTLC method was shown to effectively support quality control, as marketed samples may be falsified with cheaper synthetic sweeteners, which was also demonstrated in this study. The accuracy of the densitometric quantification in HPTLC was considered as high, as standards and samples were separated on fresh adsorbent and detected simultaneously under identical conditions, which minimized the influence of errors. Finally, the Aliivibrio fischeri bioassay was employed to obtain information on bioactive compounds in Stevia leaf extracts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julian P Wald
- Chair of Food Sciences, Institute for Nutritional Science and Interdisciplinary Research Center (IFZ), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Gertrud E Morlock
- Chair of Food Sciences, Institute for Nutritional Science and Interdisciplinary Research Center (IFZ), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
Honey adulteration is a topical issue because increasingly sophisticated adulteration methods are constantly being developed and the official (legislative) determination of the quality indicators of honey is unable to detect most methods of honey adulteration. In addition, while the popularity among consumers is constantly growing, the worldwide production of honey is unstable. The aim of this review was to provide a current overview of methods suitable for the detection of individual methods of adulteration.
Collapse
|
10
|
Klingelhöfer I, Morlock GE. Sharp-bounded zones link to the effect in planar chromatography-bioassay-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1360:288-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.07.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2014] [Revised: 07/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
11
|
Morlock GE, Klingelhöfer I. Liquid Chromatography-Bioassay-Mass Spectrometry for Profiling of Physiologically Active Food. Anal Chem 2014; 86:8289-95. [DOI: 10.1021/ac501723j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gertrud E. Morlock
- Chair of Food Science, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Interdisciplinary
Research Centre (IFZ) and Institute of Nutritional Science, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Ines Klingelhöfer
- Chair of Food Science, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Interdisciplinary
Research Centre (IFZ) and Institute of Nutritional Science, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang Y, Yuan T, Li L, Nahar P, Slitt A, Seeram NP. Chemical compositional, biological, and safety studies of a novel maple syrup derived extract for nutraceutical applications. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:6687-98. [PMID: 24983789 PMCID: PMC4334281 DOI: 10.1021/jf501924y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Maple syrup has nutraceutical potential given the macronutrients (carbohydrates, primarily sucrose), micronutrients (minerals and vitamins), and phytochemicals (primarily phenolics) found in this natural sweetener. We conducted compositional (ash, fiber, carbohydrates, minerals, amino acids, organic acids, vitamins, phytochemicals), in vitro biological, and in vivo safety (animal toxicity) studies on maple syrup extracts (MSX-1 and MSX-2) derived from two declassified maple syrup samples. Along with macronutrient and micronutrient quantification, thirty-three phytochemicals were identified (by HPLC-DAD), and nine phytochemicals, including two new compounds, were isolated and identified (by NMR) from MSX. At doses of up to 1000 mg/kg/day, MSX was well tolerated with no signs of overt toxicity in rats. MSX showed antioxidant (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay) and anti-inflammatory (in RAW 264.7 macrophages) effects and inhibited glucose consumption (by HepG2 cells) in vitro. Thus, MSX should be further investigated for potential nutraceutical applications given its similarity in chemical composition to pure maple syrup.
Collapse
|
13
|
Morlock GE, Meyer S, Zimmermann BF, Roussel JM. High-performance thin-layer chromatography analysis of steviol glycosides in Stevia formulations and sugar-free food products, and benchmarking with (ultra) high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1350:102-11. [PMID: 24873964 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A high-performance TLC (HPTLC) method was newly developed and validated for analysis of 7 steviol glycosides in 6 different types of food and Stevia formulations. After a minimized one-step sample preparation, 21 samples were developed in parallel, allowing an effective food screening. Depending on the sample application volume, the method was suited to analyze food sample concentrations in the mg/kg range. LOQs of stevioside in natural yoghurt matrix spiked at 0.02, 0.13 and 0.2% were determined by the calibration curve method to be 12ng/band (peak height). ANOVA was successfully passed to prove data homogeneity in the working range (30-600ng/band). The accuracy (recovery tolerance limit, 92-120%), repeatability (3.1-5.4%) and intermediate precision (4.0-8.4%) were determined for stevioside in milk-based matrix including sample preparation and recovery rates at 3 different concentration levels. For the first time, the recording of HPTLC-ESI-MS spectra via the TLC-MS Interface was demonstrated for rebaudioside A. HPTLC contents for rebaudioside A were compared with results of two (U)HPLC methods. The running costs and analysis time of the three different methods were discussed in detail with regard to screening of food products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gertrud E Morlock
- Institute of Nutritional Science, Chair of Food Science, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
| | - Stephanie Meyer
- Institute of Nutritional Science, Chair of Food Science, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Benno F Zimmermann
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, Römerstr. 164, 53117 Bonn, Germany; Institut Prof. Dr. Georg Kurz GmbH, Eupener Str. 161, 50933 Köln, Germany
| | - Jean-Marc Roussel
- Analytical Methods Development and Validation Consulting, Chemin Saint Jacques, 13100 Le Tholonet, France
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Morlock GE. Chromatography Combined with Bioassays and Other Hyphenations – The Direct Link to the Compound Indicating the Effect. ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2014-1185.ch005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gertrud E. Morlock
- Justus Liebig University Giessen, Interdisciplinary Research Center (IFZ), Institute of Nutritional Science, Chair of Food Science, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|