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Czaja M, Chachaj-Brekiesz A, Skirlińska-Nosek K, Szajna K, Sofińska K, Lupa D, Kobierski J, Wnętrzak A, Szymoński M, Lipiec E. Fabrication of plasmonic probes for reproducible nanospectroscopic investigation of lipid monolayers - The electrochemical etching with DC-pulsed voltage. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 316:124323. [PMID: 38692104 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) is a label-free analytical technique that characterizes molecular systems, potentially even with a nanometric resolution. In principle, the metallic plasmonic probe is illuminated with a laser beam generating the localized surface plasmons, which induce a strong local electric field enhancement in close proximity to the probe. Such field enhancement improves the Raman scattering cross-section from the sample volume localized near the probe apex. TERS provides a high spatial resolution and a great sensitivity, however, it is rather rarely used due to technical limitations causing unstable enhancement and the relative lack of data reproducibility. Despite many scientific efforts for the fabrication of effective TER probes providing robust TER enhancement still requires further investigations. In this work, we explore new possibilities based on preparation of scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) plasmonic probes, since by nature of the tunnelling effect, they potentially could offer a very high spatial resolution in STM guided TERS experiments. Here we compare two methods of STM-TERS probe preparation for effective spectra acquisition. Our results strongly indicate that an application of square pulse voltage upon the etching procedure significantly improves the quality of the TER data over those obtained with a constant voltage one. To demonstrate the efficiency of our probes we present the results of hyperspectral TER mapping of the 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DPPE) monolayer deposited on an ultra-pure and atomically flat gold substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Czaja
- Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy, and Applied Computer Science, M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Łojasiewicza 11, Kraków 30-348, Poland; Jagiellonian University, Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Kraków 30-387, Poland
| | - Anna Chachaj-Brekiesz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, Kraków 30-387, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Skirlińska-Nosek
- Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy, and Applied Computer Science, M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Łojasiewicza 11, Kraków 30-348, Poland; Jagiellonian University, Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Kraków 30-387, Poland
| | - Konrad Szajna
- Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy, and Applied Computer Science, M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Łojasiewicza 11, Kraków 30-348, Poland
| | - Kamila Sofińska
- Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy, and Applied Computer Science, M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Łojasiewicza 11, Kraków 30-348, Poland
| | - Dawid Lupa
- Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy, and Applied Computer Science, M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Łojasiewicza 11, Kraków 30-348, Poland
| | - Jan Kobierski
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biophysics, Medyczna 9, Kraków 30-688, Poland
| | - Anita Wnętrzak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, Kraków 30-387, Poland
| | - Marek Szymoński
- Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy, and Applied Computer Science, M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Łojasiewicza 11, Kraków 30-348, Poland
| | - Ewelina Lipiec
- Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy, and Applied Computer Science, M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Łojasiewicza 11, Kraków 30-348, Poland.
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Sasso A, Capaccio A, Rusciano G. Exploring Reliable and Efficient Plasmonic Nanopatterning for Surface- and Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16164. [PMID: 38003354 PMCID: PMC10671507 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is of growing interest for a wide range of applications, especially for biomedical analysis, thanks to its sensitivity, specificity, and multiplexing capabilities. A crucial role for successful applications of SERS is played by the development of reproducible, efficient, and facile procedures for the fabrication of metal nanostructures (SERS substrates). Even more challenging is to extend the fabrication techniques of plasmonic nano-textures to atomic force microscope (AFM) probes to carry out tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) experiments, in which spatial resolution below the diffraction limit is added to the peculiarities of SERS. In this short review, we describe recent studies performed by our group during the last ten years in which novel nanofabrication techniques have been successfully applied to SERS and TERS experiments for studying bio-systems and molecular species of environmental interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Sasso
- Department of Physics “E. Pancini”, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80126 Naples, Italy; (A.C.); (G.R.)
| | - Angela Capaccio
- Department of Physics “E. Pancini”, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80126 Naples, Italy; (A.C.); (G.R.)
- Institute of Food Sciences, URT-CNR Department of Biology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Giulia Rusciano
- Department of Physics “E. Pancini”, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80126 Naples, Italy; (A.C.); (G.R.)
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Meng ZD, Tian ZQ, Yi J. Rapid theoretical method for inverse design on a tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) probe. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:15474-15483. [PMID: 37157648 DOI: 10.1364/oe.488322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) can provide correlated topographic and chemical information at the nanoscale, with great sensitivity and spatial resolution depending on the configuration of the TERS probe. The sensitivity of the TERS probe is largely determined by two effects: the lightning-rod effect and local surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). While 3D numerical simulations have traditionally been used to optimize the TERS probe structure by sweeping two or more parameters, this method is extremely resource-intensive, with computation times growing exponentially as the number of parameters increases. In this work, we propose an alternative rapid theoretical method that reduces computational loading while still achieving effective TERS probe optimization through the inverse design method. By applying this method to optimize a TERS probe with four free-structural parameters, we observed a nearly 1 order of magnitude improvement in enhancement factor (|E/E0|2), in contrast to a parameter sweeping 3D simulation that would take ∼7000 hours of computation. Our method, therefore, shows great promise as a useful tool for designing not only TERS probes but also other near-field optical probes and optical antennas.
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Meng B, Xie Y, Chen L, Wang H, Li M, Dong Z. Apex-Confined Plasmonic Tip for High Resolution Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopic Imaging of Carbon Nanotubes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:16984-16990. [PMID: 36946568 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c22624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports a handy technical scheme to decorate atomic force microscopy (AFM) tips toward tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) applications. The major attraction of these homemade tips lies in that silver decoration can be confined at the apex of commercial tips by the means of an AFM-controlled electrochemical reaction. The reduction of Ag+ occurs in a highly sealed environment to secure the metal coating efficiency. Key factors include silver nitrate solution to provide Ag+, ambient relative humidity and temperature in a humidity cell, electric potential bias, and tip-surface distance. Subsequently, these silver-coated tips are evaluated for TERS measurement of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) so that both morphological and chemical characteristics of CNTs are concurrently obtained. The Raman spectra reveal that our plasmonic tip competently possesses an ∼30-fold local field signal increase and the corresponding TERS image laterally resolves at the single-pixel level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Meng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Yong Xie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Le Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Haitao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Ming Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Zhuxin Dong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
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Lukose J, Barik AK, George SD, Murukeshan VM, Chidangil S. Raman spectroscopy for viral diagnostics. Biophys Rev 2023; 15:199-221. [PMID: 37113565 PMCID: PMC10088700 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-023-01059-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy offers the potential for fingerprinting biological molecules at ultra-low concentration and therefore has potential for the detection of viruses. Here we review various Raman techniques employed for the investigation of viruses. Different Raman techniques are discussed including conventional Raman spectroscopy, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, Raman tweezer, tip-enhanced Raman Spectroscopy, and coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering can play an essential role in viral detection by multiplexing nanotechnology, microfluidics, and machine learning for ensuring spectral reproducibility and efficient workflow in sample processing and detection. The application of these techniques to diagnose the SARS-CoV-2 virus is also reviewed. Graphical abstract Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12551-023-01059-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jijo Lukose
- Centre of Excellence for Biophotonics, Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, 576104 Manipal, India
| | - Ajaya Kumar Barik
- Centre of Excellence for Biophotonics, Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, 576104 Manipal, India
| | - Sajan D. George
- Centre for Applied Nanosciences, Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, 576104 Manipal, India
| | - V. M. Murukeshan
- Centre for Optical and Laser Engineering, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Santhosh Chidangil
- Centre of Excellence for Biophotonics, Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, 576104 Manipal, India
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Seweryn S, Skirlińska-Nosek K, Sofińska K, Szajna K, Kobierski J, Awsiuk K, Szymoński M, Lipiec E. Optimization of tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for probing the chemical structure of DNA. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 281:121595. [PMID: 35843060 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Tip-enhanced Raman (TER) spectroscopy combines the nanometric spatial resolution of atomic force microscopy (AFM) and the chemical sensitivity of Raman spectroscopy. Thus, it provides a unique possibility to obtain spectroscopic information on individual, nanometre-size molecules. The enhancement of Raman scattering cross-section requires modification of the AFM tip apex with a plasmonic nanostructure. Despite numerous advances of TERS research, attaining good reproducibility and stable enhancement is still challenging mainly due to the lack of optimized probes and sample preparation procedures. Moreover, current nanospectroscopic standard samples - carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have relatively simple chemical structure, and therefore, they are far from real-life analytes, especially biological samples. In this work we focus on the optimization of TERS technique for efficient DNA measurements, including: a preparation of atomically-flat gold substrates, fixative free deposition of DNA and optimization of TERS probe preparation. Here we demonstrate a comprehensive comparison of the efficacy of several types of TERS probes. Applying the systematic approach, we obtained reliable and reproducible TER spectra of DNA. Thus, we provide preparation procedures of a new standard TERS sample, TERS substrates and TERS probes. Our research provides a solid foundation for further research on DNA and its interaction with other biomolecules upon biologically significant processes such as DNA damage and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Seweryn
- M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Kamila Sofińska
- M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
| | - Konrad Szajna
- M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
| | - Jan Kobierski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-007 Kraków, Poland
| | - Kamil Awsiuk
- M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
| | - Marek Szymoński
- M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewelina Lipiec
- M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Kraków, Poland.
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Zhang XB, Zhang YF, Li H, Cui J, Jiang S, Yang B, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Dong ZC. Fast fabrication and judgement of tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy-active tips. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2022. [DOI: 10.1063/1674-0068/cjcp2205094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The quality of the scanning tip is crucial for tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) experiments towards large signal enhancement and high spatial resolution. In this work, we report a controllable fabrication method to prepare TERS-active tips by modifying the tip apex at the atomic scale, and propose two important criteria to in-situ judge the tip's TERS activity for tip-enhanced Raman measurements. One criterion is based on the downshift of the first image potential state to monitor the coupling between the far-field incident laser and near-field plasmon; the other is based on the appearance of the low-wavenumber Raman peaks associated with an atomistic protrusion at the tip apex to judge the coupling efficiency of emissions from the near field to the far field. This work provides an effective method to quickly fabricate and judge TERS-active tips before real TERS experiments on target molecules and other materials, which is believed to be instrumental for the development of TERS and other tip-enhanced spectroscopic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Biao Zhang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yu-Fan Zhang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Hang Li
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jie Cui
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Song Jiang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Ben Yang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zhen-Chao Dong
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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Xu G, Shen X, Zhang L, Tang J, He C, Zhou Z, Xu T, Xu M, Jin Y, Wang C. Fabrication of highly sensitive and uniform Ag/PS/PDMS SERS substrate and its application for in-situdetection. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:245601. [PMID: 35235919 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac59e9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we developed a flexible and transparent silver/polystyrene/polydimethylsiloxane (Ag/PS/PDMS) substrate with both high density of hot spots and satisfactory uniformity using a cost-effective approach. Via template-guided self-assembly, PS beads were arranged regularly in nanobowls of a square array on PDMS, whose surface structure was transferred from a commercial complementary metal oxide semiconductor chip. Roughness was introduced onto the PS bead surface by nitrogen plasma treatment, followed by sputtering of Ag which generated many hot spots. Differential roughness on the PS bead surface greatly influenced the morphology of the Ag/PS/PDMS substrate. A meat-ball like surface structure was formed with a plasma etching time of 5 min, whose growth mechanism was proposed based on the scanning electron microscope analysis. The high sensitivity and desirable uniformity of the meat-ball like Ag/PS/PDMS substrate were demonstrated by using crystal violet as a Raman reporter, exhibiting an enhancement factor of 2.7 × 107and a relative standard deviation of 5.04%. Thiram of a lower concentration than the maximum residue limit on the cucumber surface could easily be detectedin situby the proposed substrate, demonstrating its great potential forin-situfood safety analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangming Xu
- School of Science, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, People's Republic of China
| | - Xilong Shen
- School of Science, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Science, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Tang
- School of Science, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan He
- School of Science, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziqiang Zhou
- School of Science, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Xu
- School of Science, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, People's Republic of China
| | - Meifeng Xu
- School of Science, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonglong Jin
- School of Science, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaonan Wang
- School of Science, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, People's Republic of China
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Foti A, Venkatesan S, Lebental B, Zucchi G, Ossikovski R. Comparing Commercial Metal-Coated AFM Tips and Home-Made Bulk Gold Tips for Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy of Polymer Functionalized Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12030451. [PMID: 35159798 PMCID: PMC8840094 DOI: 10.3390/nano12030451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) combines the high specificity and sensitivity of plasmon-enhanced Raman spectroscopy with the high spatial resolution of scanning probe microscopy. TERS has gained a lot of attention from many nanoscience fields, since this technique can provide chemical and structural information of surfaces and interfaces with nanometric spatial resolution. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are very versatile nanostructures that can be dispersed in organic solvents or polymeric matrices, giving rise to new nanocomposite materials, showing improved mechanical, electrical and thermal properties. Moreover, MWCNTs can be easily functionalized with polymers in order to be employed as specific chemical sensors. In this context, TERS is strategic, since it can provide useful information on the cooperation of the two components at the nanoscale for the optimization of the macroscopic properties of the hybrid material. Nevertheless, efficient TERS characterization relies on the geometrical features and material composition of the plasmonic tip used. In this work, after comparing the TERS performance of commercial Ag coated nanotips and home-made bulk Au tips on bare MWCNTs, we show how TERS can be exploited for characterizing MWCNTs mixed with conjugated fluorene copolymers, thus contributing to the understanding of the polymer/CNT interaction process at the local scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Foti
- CNR—IPCF, Istituto per I Processi Chimico-Fisici, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 37, 98158 Messina, Italy
- LPICM, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France; (S.V.); (B.L.); (G.Z.)
- Correspondence: (A.F.); (R.O.)
| | - Suriya Venkatesan
- LPICM, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France; (S.V.); (B.L.); (G.Z.)
| | - Bérengère Lebental
- LPICM, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France; (S.V.); (B.L.); (G.Z.)
- COSYS-LISIS, Université Gustave Eiffel, IFSTTAR, 77454 Marne-la-Vallée, France
| | - Gaël Zucchi
- LPICM, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France; (S.V.); (B.L.); (G.Z.)
| | - Razvigor Ossikovski
- LPICM, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France; (S.V.); (B.L.); (G.Z.)
- Correspondence: (A.F.); (R.O.)
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10
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Su HS, Feng HS, Wu X, Sun JJ, Ren B. Recent advances in plasmon-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for catalytic reactions on bifunctional metallic nanostructures. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:13962-13975. [PMID: 34477677 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr04009j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Metallic nanostructures exhibit superior catalytic performance for diverse chemical reactions and the in-depth understanding of reaction mechanisms requires versatile characterization methods. Plasmon-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (PERS), including surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), shell-isolated nanoparticle-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SHINERS), and tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS), appears as a powerful technique to characterize the Raman fingerprint information of surface species with high chemical sensitivity and spatial resolution. To expand the range of catalytic reactions studied by PERS, catalytically active metals are integrated with plasmonic metals to produce bifunctional metallic nanostructures. In this minireview, we discuss the recent advances in PERS techniques to probe the chemical reactions catalysed by bifunctional metallic nanostructures. First, we introduce different architectures of these dual-functionality nanostructures. We then highlight the recent works using PERS to investigate important catalytic reactions as well as the electronic and catalytic properties of these nanostructures. Finally, we provide some perspectives for future PERS studies in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Sheng Su
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
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11
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Hussein EA, White RJ. Silver Nanoneedle Probes Enable Sustained DC Current, Single-Channel Resistive Pulse Nanopore Sensing. Anal Chem 2021; 93:11568-11575. [PMID: 34378930 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c02087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Resistive pulse sensing using ion channel proteins (biological nanopores) has been evolving as a single-molecule approach to detect small biomolecules owing to atomically precise pore size reproducibility, high signal-to-noise ratio, and molecular selectivity. The incorporation of biological nanopores in sensing platforms requires a stable lipid membrane that can be formed by a variety of methods such as the painting method and droplet-based techniques. However, these methods are limited by the fragility of the unsupported bilayer or the need for specific microdevices. Electrode-supported bilayers, in which a metal electrode is used as a support structure, have been recently developed using a fine gold nanoneedle. We previously described the utility of the gold nanoneedle-supported ion channel probe to detect small molecules with high spatial resolution; however, it exhibited a channel current decay over time, which affected the binding frequency of the target molecule to the protein pore as well. Here, we introduce a silver nanoneedle probe to support the lipid bilayer formation and ion channel measurements. The silver nanoneedle mitigates the current decay observed on gold electrodes and produces stable DC channel currents. Our findings propose the formation of a AgCl layer creating a nonpolarizable electrode. The new nanoneedle is successfully applied for single-molecule detection of sulfonated β-cyclodextrin (S7βCD) using αHL as a test bed protein. We believe that this new silver nanoneedle platform has great potential given the relative ease of lipid bilayer formation and stable open channel currents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essraa A Hussein
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| | - Ryan J White
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States.,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
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12
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Li Z, Kurouski D. Probing the plasmon-driven Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reactions with cargo-TERS towards tailored catalysis. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:11793-11799. [PMID: 34190293 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr02478g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We present a label-free approach that is based on tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) for a direct in situ assessment of the molecular reactivity in plasmon-driven reactions. Using this analytical approach, named cargo-TERS, we investigate the relationship between the chemical structure of aromatic halides and the catalytic probability of the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction on gold-palladium bimetallic nanoplates (Au@PdNPs). We demonstrate that cargo-TERS can be used to quantify the yield of biphenyl-4,4'-dithiol (BPDT), the product of the coupling reaction. Our results also show that the halide reactivity decreases from bromo through chloro to fluorohalides. Finally, we employ this novel imaging technique to unravel the nanoscale reactivity and selectivity of Au@PdNPs. We find that the edges and corners of these nanostructures exhibit the highest catalytic reactivity, while the flat terraces of Au@PdNPs remain catalytically inactive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhandong Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA.
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13
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Zhang K, Bao Y, Cao M, Taniguchi SI, Watanabe M, Kambayashi T, Okamoto T, Haraguchi M, Wang X, Kobayashi K, Yamada H, Ren B, Tachizaki T. Low-Background Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Enabled by a Plasmon Thin-Film Waveguide Probe. Anal Chem 2021; 93:7699-7706. [PMID: 34014089 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c00806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) is a nano-optical approach to extract spatially resolved chemical information with nanometer precision. However, in the case of direct-illumination TERS, which is often employed in commercial TERS instruments, strong fluorescence or far-field Raman signals from the illuminated areas may be excited as a background. They may overwhelm the near-field TERS signal and dramatically decrease the near-field to far-field signal contrast of TERS spectra. It is still challenging for TERS to study the surface of fluorescent materials or a bulk sample that cannot be placed on an Au/Ag substrate. In this study, we developed an indirect-illumination TERS probe that allows a laser to be focused on a flat interface of a thin-film waveguide located far away from the region generating the TERS signal. Surface plasmon polaritons are generated stably on the waveguide and eventually accumulated at the tip apex, thereby producing a spatially and energetically confined hotspot to ensure stable and high-resolution TERS measurements with a low background. With this thin-film waveguide probe, TERS spectra with obvious contrast from a diamond plate can be acquired. Furthermore, the TERS technique based on this probe exhibits excellent TERS signal stability, a long lifetime, and good spatial resolution. This technique is expected to have commercial potential and enable further popularization and development of TERS technology as a powerful analytical method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaifeng Zhang
- Research & Development Group, Hitachi, Ltd., Yokohama 244-0817, Kanagawa, Japan.,Department of Electronic Science and Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yifan Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Maofeng Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Shin-Ichi Taniguchi
- Research & Development Group, Hitachi, Ltd., Yokohama 244-0817, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masahiro Watanabe
- Research & Development Group, Hitachi, Ltd., Yokohama 244-0817, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takuya Kambayashi
- Research & Development Group, Hitachi, Ltd., Yokohama 244-0817, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Okamoto
- Department of Optical Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8501, Japan
| | - Masanobu Haraguchi
- Department of Optical Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8501, Japan
| | - Xiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Kei Kobayashi
- Department of Electronic Science and Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Yamada
- Department of Electronic Science and Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Bin Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Takehiro Tachizaki
- School of Engineering, Tokai University, Hiratsuka 259-1292, Kanagawa, Japan
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14
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Zhang J, Ruediger A. In situ evaluation of plasmonic enhancement of gold tips for plasmon-enhanced imaging techniques. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2021; 92:053004. [PMID: 34243334 DOI: 10.1063/5.0050871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic nanoantennas are at the core of various optical near-field scanning techniques such as tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy as they provide the amplification and confinement of the electromagnetic field, which ultimately provides sensitivity and spatial resolution. With a cornucopia of different fabrication methods available, the actual performance of a nanoantenna is often only assessed by whether or not near-field imaging is possible, implying the complete alignment and landing procedure of the scanning probe. We present a semi-quantitative approach to assess the plasmonic enhancement of gold tips via localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) enhancement of intrinsic gold photoluminescence without the need for interaction with the sample. As the intensity of the plasmon at the apex decreases, a significant change in the shape of the tip signal spectrum is observed, reflecting itself as a decrease in the R2 value (fit quality) for numerical fitting with a Lorentzian, which also provides an approximation for the LSPR wavelength. Our findings suggest that the potential of a tip to perform well as an optical near field antenna may already be assessed in an early stage of the experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Zhang
- Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS-EMT), Université du Québec, 1650, Blvd. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - Andreas Ruediger
- Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS-EMT), Université du Québec, 1650, Blvd. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec J3X 1S2, Canada
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15
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Huang SC, Bao YF, Wu SS, Huang TX, Sartin MM, Wang X, Ren B. Electrochemical Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy: An In Situ Nanospectroscopy for Electrochemistry. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2021; 72:213-234. [PMID: 33400554 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-061020-053442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Revealing the intrinsic relationships between the structure, properties, and performance of the electrochemical interface is a long-term goal in the electrochemistry and surface science communities because it could facilitate the rational design of electrochemical devices. Achieving this goal requires in situ characterization techniques that provide rich chemical information and high spatial resolution. Electrochemical tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (EC-TERS), which provides molecular fingerprint information with nanometer-scale spatial resolution, is a promising technique for achieving this goal. Since the first demonstration of this technique in 2015, EC-TERS has been developed for characterizing various electrochemical processes at the nanoscale and molecular level. Here, we review the development of EC-TERS over the past 5 years. We discuss progress in addressing the technical challenges, including optimizing the EC-TERS setup and solving tip-related issues, and provide experimental guidelines. We also survey the important applications of EC-TERS for probing molecular protonation, molecular adsorption, electrochemical reactions, and photoelectrochemical reactions. Finally, we discuss the opportunities and challenges in the future development of this young technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Chao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; ,
| | - Yi-Fan Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; ,
| | - Si-Si Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; ,
| | - Teng-Xiang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; ,
| | - Matthew M Sartin
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; ,
| | - Xiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; ,
| | - Bin Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; ,
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16
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Li S, Sun J, Guan J. Strategies to improve electrocatalytic and photocatalytic performance of two-dimensional materials for hydrogen evolution reaction. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(20)63693-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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17
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Li T, Yu Z, Wang Z, Zhu Y, Zhang J. Optimized Tapered Fiber Decorated by Ag Nanoparticles for Raman Measurement with High Sensitivity. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21072300. [PMID: 33806065 PMCID: PMC8036424 DOI: 10.3390/s21072300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A tapered fiber decorated by Ag nanoparticles is prepared as a surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate. There are two key parameters during the preparation process, the fiber cone angle and the density of decorated AgNPs on the fiber tip surface. Their theoretical analysis on the forming mechanism and the optimization process is studied in detail. The tapered fibers with angles from 0.5 to 30° are successfully prepared, with a chemical method in a small tube using a bending interface. AgNPs with different densities are decorated on the surface of the tapered fibers with an electrostatic adsorption method. The optimized tapered fiber SERS probe with an angle of 12° and AgNPs density of 26.67% provides the detection of Rhodamine 6G (R6G) with 10−10 mol/L.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jie Zhang
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-135-9413-5451
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18
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Yokota Y, Kim Y. Molecular Scale Assessments of Electrochemical Interfaces: In Situ and Ex Situ Approaches. CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.200735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyuki Yokota
- Surface and Interface Science Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- JST PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Yousoo Kim
- Surface and Interface Science Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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19
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He L, Rahaman M, Madeira TI, Zahn DR. Understanding the Role of Different Substrate Geometries for Achieving Optimum Tip-Enhanced Raman Scattering Sensitivity. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:376. [PMID: 33540743 PMCID: PMC7913005 DOI: 10.3390/nano11020376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) has experienced tremendous progress over the last two decades. Despite detecting single molecules and achieving sub-nanometer spatial resolution, attaining high TERS sensitivity is still a challenging task due to low reproducibility of tip fabrication, especially regarding very sharp tip apices. Here, we present an approach for achieving strong TERS sensitivity via a systematic study of the near-field enhancement properties in the so-called gap-mode TERS configurations using the combination of finite element method (FEM) simulations and TERS experiments. In the simulation study, a gold tip apex is fixed at 80 nm of diameter, and the substrate consists of 20 nm high gold nanodiscs with diameter varying from 5 nm to 120 nm placed on a flat extended gold substrate. The local electric field distributions are computed in the spectral range from 500 nm to 800 nm with the tip placed both at the center and the edge of the gold nanostructure. The model is then compared with the typical gap-mode TERS configuration, in which a tip of varying diameter from 2 nm to 160 nm is placed in the proximity of a gold thin film. Our simulations show that the tip-nanodisc combined system provides much improved TERS sensitivity compared to the conventional gap-mode TERS configuration. We find that for the same tip diameter, the spatial resolution achieved in the tip-nanodisc model is much better than that observed in the conventional gap-mode TERS, which requires a very sharp metal tip to achieve the same spatial resolution on an extended metal substrate. Finally, TERS experiments are conducted on gold nanodisc arrays using home-built gold tips to validate our simulation results. Our simulations provide a guide for designing and realization of both high-spatial resolution and strong TERS intensity in future TERS experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahfujur Rahaman
- Semiconductor Physics, Chemnitz University of Technology, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany; (L.H.); (T.I.M.); (D.R.T.Z.)
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20
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Liu M. Growth of Nanostructured Silver Flowers by Metal-Mediated Catalysis for Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Application. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:32655-32659. [PMID: 33376902 PMCID: PMC7758958 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Metallic flowers with nanoscale surface roughness can provide a platform for highly sensitive and reproductive surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). Here, we present a method to grow a nanostructured silver flower (NSF) at the apex of a plasmonic tip based on metal-mediated catalysis, where the NSF was rapidly generated in no more than 1 min. The NSF was used as the SERS substrate under linear polarization beam (LPB) excitation to achieve a 10-9 M detection sensitivity for the malachite green analyte. The reproducibility for SERS is examined to have been guaranteed by comparing Raman intensity enhanced by different NSFs. Compared with the LPB, the azimuthal vector beam (AVB) excitation can further improve the SERS activity of the NSF, which is consistent with the simulation result that the gap mode can be effectively generated between two adjacent Ag nanoparticles (NPs) and between the NPs and the Ag pyramids on the surface of the NSF under AVB illumination. This work makes it promising for plasmonic tip-mediated catalysis to be applied in nanofabrication, the products of which can be further exploited in nanostructure-based ultrasensitive detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- School
of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary
Conditions and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information Technology,
School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
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21
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Kazuma E. Real-Space Studies of Plasmon-Induced Dissociation Reactions with an STM. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2020. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20200204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Emiko Kazuma
- Surface and Interface Science Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- JST PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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22
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Tao CP, Jiang CC, Wang YH, Zheng JF, Shao Y, Zhou XS. Single-Molecule Sensing of Interfacial Acid-Base Chemistry. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:10023-10028. [PMID: 33179941 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c03010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Bronsted acid and base interactions are a cornerstone of chemistry describing a wide range of chemical phenomena. However, probing such interaction at the solid-liquid interface to extract the elementary and intrinsic information at a single-molecule level remains a big challenge. Herein, we employ an STM break junction (STM-BJ) technique to investigate the acid-base chemistry of carboxylic acid-based molecules at a Au (111) model surface and propose a prototype of a single-molecule pH sensor for the first time. The single-molecule measurements in different environmental conditions verify that the formation probability of molecular junctions is determined by the populations of deprotonated -COO- form in a self-assembled monolayer. Furthermore, the variation of the intensity of the conductance peaks (i.e., junction-forming probability) with the pH of the bulk solution fits well to the Henderson-Hasselbalch type equation. From the equation, a good linear relation is found between the degree of dissociation of the immobilized -COOH group and the environmental pH, providing a feasible way to design chemicals and biosensors and a detector at the single-molecule scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai-Ping Tao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Chen-Chen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Ya-Hao Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Ju-Fang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Yong Shao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Xiao-Shun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
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23
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Rebollar L, Intikhab S, Oliveira NJ, Yan Y, Xu B, McCrum IT, Snyder JD, Tang MH. “Beyond Adsorption” Descriptors in Hydrogen Electrocatalysis. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c03801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Rebollar
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Saad Intikhab
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Nicholas J. Oliveira
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Center for Catalysis Science and Technology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Yushan Yan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Center for Catalysis Science and Technology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Bingjun Xu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Center for Catalysis Science and Technology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Ian T. McCrum
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13699, United States
| | - Joshua D. Snyder
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Maureen H. Tang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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24
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Schultz JF, Mahapatra S, Li L, Jiang N. The Expanding Frontiers of Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 74:1313-1340. [PMID: 32419485 DOI: 10.1177/0003702820932229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fundamental understanding of chemistry and physical properties at the nanoscale enables the rational design of interface-based systems. Surface interactions underlie numerous technologies ranging from catalysis to organic thin films to biological systems. Since surface environments are especially prone to heterogeneity, it becomes crucial to characterize these systems with spatial resolution sufficient to localize individual active sites or defects. Spectroscopy presents as a powerful means to understand these interactions, but typical light-based techniques lack sufficient spatial resolution. This review describes the growing number of applications for the nanoscale spectroscopic technique, tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS), with a focus on developments in areas that involve measurements in new environmental conditions, such as liquid, electrochemical, and ultrahigh vacuum. The expansion into unique environments enables the ability to spectroscopically define chemistry at the spatial limit. Through the confinement and enhancement of light at the apex of a plasmonic scanning probe microscopy tip, TERS is able to yield vibrational fingerprint information of molecules and materials with nanoscale resolution, providing insight into highly localized chemical effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy F Schultz
- Department of Chemistry, 14681University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Sayantan Mahapatra
- Department of Chemistry, 14681University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Linfei Li
- Department of Chemistry, 14681University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Nan Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, 14681University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
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25
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Lee J, Tallarida N, Rios L, Ara Apkarian V. The Raman Spectrum of a Single Molecule on an Electrochemically Etched Silver Tip. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 74:1414-1422. [PMID: 32705875 DOI: 10.1177/0003702820949274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We recorded the Raman spectrum of a single azobenzene thiol molecule upon picking it up from an atomically flat gold surface, using an electrochemically etched silver tip, in an ultrahigh vacuum cryogenic scanning tunneling microscope. While suppressed at the junction, the stationary spectrum appeared once the molecule was transferred to the tip, with line intensities that increased by a factor of ∼5 as the tip was retracted from 1 nm to 161 nm. The effect, and the enhanced tensorial Raman spectrum was reproduced using an explicit treatment of the electromagnetic fields to identify a cis-azobenzene thiol molecule, adsorbed on a nanometric asperity removed from the tip apex, lying in the plane normal to the tip z-axis, with enhanced incident and radiative local fields polarized in the same plane. Tips decorated with asperities break the rules and give unique insights on Raman driven by cavity modes of a plasmonic junction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joonhee Lee
- Department of Physics, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Nicholas Tallarida
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Laura Rios
- Department of Physics, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
| | - V Ara Apkarian
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
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26
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Bao YF, Cao MF, Wu SS, Huang TX, Zeng ZC, Li MH, Wang X, Ren B. Atomic Force Microscopy Based Top-Illumination Electrochemical Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2020; 92:12548-12555. [PMID: 32804479 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c02466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemical tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (EC-TERS) is a powerful technique for the in situ study of the physiochemical properties of the electrochemical solid/liquid interface at the nanoscale and molecular level. To further broaden the potential window of EC-TERS while extending its application to opaque samples, here, we develop a top-illumination atomic force microscopy (AFM) based EC-TERStechnique by using a water-immersion objective of a high numerical aperture to introduce the excitation laser and collect the signal. This technique not only extends the application of EC-TERS but also has a high detection sensitivity and experimental efficiency. We coat a SiO2 protection layer over the AFM-TERS tip to improve both the mechanical and chemical stability of the tip in a liquid TERS experiment. We investigate the influence of liquid on the tip-sample distance to obtain the highest TERS enhancement. We further evaluate the reliability of the as-developed EC-AFM-TERS technique by studying the electrochemical redox reaction of polyaniline. The top-illumination EC-AFM-TERS is promising for broadening the application of EC-TERS to more practical systems, including energy storage and (photo)electrocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fan Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Mao-Feng Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Si-Si Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Teng-Xiang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhi-Cong Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Mao-Hua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Bin Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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27
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Jakob DS, Wang H, Zeng G, Otzen DE, Yan Y, Xu XG. Peak Force Infrared-Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:16083-16090. [PMID: 32463936 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202004211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Correlative scanning probe microscopy of chemical identity, surface potential, and mechanical properties provide insight into the structure-function relationships of nanomaterials. However, simultaneous measurement with comparable and high resolution is a challenge. We seamlessly integrated nanoscale photothermal infrared imaging with Coulomb force detection to form peak force infrared-Kelvin probe force microscopy (PFIR-KPFM), which enables simultaneous nanomapping of infrared absorption, surface potential, and mechanical properties with approximately 10 nm spatial resolution in a single-pass scan. MAPbBr3 perovskite crystals of different degradation pathways were studied in situ. Nanoscale charge accumulations were observed in MAPbBr3 near the boundary to PbBr2 . PFIR-KPFM also revealed correlations between residual charges and secondary conformation in amyloid fibrils. PFIR-KPFM is applicable to other heterogeneous materials at the nanoscale for correlative multimodal characterizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devon S Jakob
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, 6 E Packer Ave., Bethlehem, PA, 18015, USA
| | - Haomin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, 6 E Packer Ave., Bethlehem, PA, 18015, USA
| | - Guanghong Zeng
- DFM A/S, Danish National Metrology Institute, Kogle Alle 5, 2970, Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Daniel E Otzen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wields Vej 14, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Yong Yan
- Department of Chemistry, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr., San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - Xiaoji G Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, 6 E Packer Ave., Bethlehem, PA, 18015, USA
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28
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Jakob DS, Wang H, Zeng G, Otzen DE, Yan Y, Xu XG. Peak Force Infrared–Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202004211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Devon S. Jakob
- Department of Chemistry Lehigh University 6 E Packer Ave. Bethlehem PA 18015 USA
| | - Haomin Wang
- Department of Chemistry Lehigh University 6 E Packer Ave. Bethlehem PA 18015 USA
| | - Guanghong Zeng
- DFM A/S, Danish National Metrology Institute Kogle Alle 5 2970 Hørsholm Denmark
| | - Daniel E. Otzen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) Aarhus University Gustav Wields Vej 14 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Yong Yan
- Department of Chemistry San Diego State University 5500 Campanile Dr. San Diego CA 92182 USA
| | - Xiaoji G. Xu
- Department of Chemistry Lehigh University 6 E Packer Ave. Bethlehem PA 18015 USA
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29
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Kurouski D, Dazzi A, Zenobi R, Centrone A. Infrared and Raman chemical imaging and spectroscopy at the nanoscale. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:3315-3347. [PMID: 32424384 PMCID: PMC7675782 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00916c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The advent of nanotechnology, and the need to understand the chemical composition at the nanoscale, has stimulated the convergence of IR and Raman spectroscopy with scanning probe methods, resulting in new nanospectroscopy paradigms. Here we review two such methods, namely photothermal induced resonance (PTIR), also known as AFM-IR and tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS). AFM-IR and TERS fundamentals will be reviewed in detail together with their recent crucial advances. The most recent applications, now spanning across materials science, nanotechnology, biology, medicine, geology, optics, catalysis, art conservation and other fields are also discussed. Even though AFM-IR and TERS have developed independently and have initially targeted different applications, rapid innovation in the last 5 years has pushed the performance of these, in principle spectroscopically complimentary, techniques well beyond initial expectations, thus opening new opportunities for their convergence. Therefore, subtle differences and complementarity will be highlighted together with emerging trends and opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Kurouski
- Department Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, 2128 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
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30
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Zhang MX, You EM, Zheng P, Ding SY, Tian ZQ, Moskovits M. Accurately Predicting the Radiation Enhancement Factor in Plasmonic Optical Antenna Emitters. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:1947-1953. [PMID: 32079400 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c00304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic optical antennas (POAs), often constructed from gold or silver nanostructures, can enhance the radiation efficiency of emitters coupled to POAs and are applied in surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and light-emitting devices. Over the past four decades, radiation enhancement factors (REFs) of POA-emitter systems were considered to be difficult to calculate directly and have been predicted indirectly and approximately, assuming POAs are illuminated by electromagnetic plane waves without emitters. The validity of this approximation remains a significant open problem in SERS theory. Herein, we develop a method based on the rigorous optical reciprocity theorem for accurately calculating the REFs of emitters in nanoparticle-substrate nanogaps for single-molecule SERS and scanning probe-substrate nanogaps for tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. We show that the validity of the plane wave approximation breaks down if high-order plasmonic modes are excited. The as-developed method paves the way toward designing high-REF POA nanostructures for luminescence-related devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao-Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces (PCOSS), Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - En-Ming You
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces (PCOSS), Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Peng Zheng
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Song-Yuan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces (PCOSS), Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhong-Qun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces (PCOSS), Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Martin Moskovits
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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31
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Langer J, Jimenez de Aberasturi D, Aizpurua J, Alvarez-Puebla RA, Auguié B, Baumberg JJ, Bazan GC, Bell SEJ, Boisen A, Brolo AG, Choo J, Cialla-May D, Deckert V, Fabris L, Faulds K, García de Abajo FJ, Goodacre R, Graham D, Haes AJ, Haynes CL, Huck C, Itoh T, Käll M, Kneipp J, Kotov NA, Kuang H, Le Ru EC, Lee HK, Li JF, Ling XY, Maier SA, Mayerhöfer T, Moskovits M, Murakoshi K, Nam JM, Nie S, Ozaki Y, Pastoriza-Santos I, Perez-Juste J, Popp J, Pucci A, Reich S, Ren B, Schatz GC, Shegai T, Schlücker S, Tay LL, Thomas KG, Tian ZQ, Van Duyne RP, Vo-Dinh T, Wang Y, Willets KA, Xu C, Xu H, Xu Y, Yamamoto YS, Zhao B, Liz-Marzán LM. Present and Future of Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering. ACS NANO 2020; 14:28-117. [PMID: 31478375 PMCID: PMC6990571 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b04224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1311] [Impact Index Per Article: 327.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of the enhancement of Raman scattering by molecules adsorbed on nanostructured metal surfaces is a landmark in the history of spectroscopic and analytical techniques. Significant experimental and theoretical effort has been directed toward understanding the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) effect and demonstrating its potential in various types of ultrasensitive sensing applications in a wide variety of fields. In the 45 years since its discovery, SERS has blossomed into a rich area of research and technology, but additional efforts are still needed before it can be routinely used analytically and in commercial products. In this Review, prominent authors from around the world joined together to summarize the state of the art in understanding and using SERS and to predict what can be expected in the near future in terms of research, applications, and technological development. This Review is dedicated to SERS pioneer and our coauthor, the late Prof. Richard Van Duyne, whom we lost during the preparation of this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Langer
- CIC
biomaGUNE and CIBER-BBN, Paseo de Miramón 182, Donostia-San Sebastián 20014, Spain
| | | | - Javier Aizpurua
- Materials
Physics Center (CSIC-UPV/EHU), and Donostia
International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, Donostia-San
Sebastián 20018, Spain
| | - Ramon A. Alvarez-Puebla
- Departamento
de Química Física e Inorgánica and EMaS, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona 43007, Spain
- ICREA-Institució
Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona 08010, Spain
| | - Baptiste Auguié
- School
of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria
University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
- The
MacDiarmid
Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, PO Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
- The Dodd-Walls
Centre for Quantum and Photonic Technologies, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Jeremy J. Baumberg
- NanoPhotonics
Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Guillermo C. Bazan
- Department
of Materials and Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa
Barbara, California 93106-9510, United States
| | - Steven E. J. Bell
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen’s
University of Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, United Kingdom
| | - Anja Boisen
- Department
of Micro- and Nanotechnology, The Danish National Research Foundation
and Villum Foundation’s Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery
and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Alexandre G. Brolo
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 3065, Victoria, BC V8W 3 V6, Canada
- Center
for Advanced Materials and Related Technologies, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Jaebum Choo
- Department
of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea
| | - Dana Cialla-May
- Leibniz
Institute of Photonic Technology Jena - Member of the research alliance “Leibniz Health Technologies”, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, Jena 07745, Germany
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Volker Deckert
- Leibniz
Institute of Photonic Technology Jena - Member of the research alliance “Leibniz Health Technologies”, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, Jena 07745, Germany
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Laura Fabris
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Rutgers
University, 607 Taylor Road, Piscataway New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Karen Faulds
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University
of Strathclyde, Technology and Innovation Centre, 99 George Street, Glasgow G1 1RD, United Kingdom
| | - F. Javier García de Abajo
- ICREA-Institució
Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona 08010, Spain
- The Barcelona
Institute of Science and Technology, Institut
de Ciencies Fotoniques, Castelldefels (Barcelona) 08860, Spain
| | - Royston Goodacre
- Department
of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Biosciences Building, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
| | - Duncan Graham
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University
of Strathclyde, Technology and Innovation Centre, 99 George Street, Glasgow G1 1RD, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda J. Haes
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Christy L. Haynes
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Christian Huck
- Kirchhoff
Institute for Physics, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Tamitake Itoh
- Nano-Bioanalysis
Research Group, Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0395, Japan
| | - Mikael Käll
- Department
of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Goteborg S412 96, Sweden
| | - Janina Kneipp
- Department
of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität
zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, Berlin-Adlershof 12489, Germany
| | - Nicholas A. Kotov
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Hua Kuang
- Key Lab
of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, International
Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- State Key
Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, JiangSu 214122, China
| | - Eric C. Le Ru
- School
of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria
University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
- The
MacDiarmid
Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, PO Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
- The Dodd-Walls
Centre for Quantum and Photonic Technologies, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Hiang Kwee Lee
- Division
of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical
Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford
University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Jian-Feng Li
- State Key
Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, MOE Key Laboratory
of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xing Yi Ling
- Division
of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical
Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Stefan A. Maier
- Chair in
Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich 80539, Germany
| | - Thomas Mayerhöfer
- Leibniz
Institute of Photonic Technology Jena - Member of the research alliance “Leibniz Health Technologies”, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, Jena 07745, Germany
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Martin Moskovits
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University
of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9510, United States
| | - Kei Murakoshi
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido
University, North 10 West 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo,
Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Jwa-Min Nam
- Department
of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Shuming Nie
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1406 W. Green Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Yukihiro Ozaki
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| | | | - Jorge Perez-Juste
- Departamento
de Química Física and CINBIO, University of Vigo, Vigo 36310, Spain
| | - Juergen Popp
- Leibniz
Institute of Photonic Technology Jena - Member of the research alliance “Leibniz Health Technologies”, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, Jena 07745, Germany
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Annemarie Pucci
- Kirchhoff
Institute for Physics, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Stephanie Reich
- Department
of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Bin Ren
- State Key
Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, MOE Key Laboratory
of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - George C. Schatz
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Timur Shegai
- Department
of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Goteborg S412 96, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Schlücker
- Physical
Chemistry I, Department of Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration
Duisburg-Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen 45141, Germany
| | - Li-Lin Tay
- National
Research Council Canada, Metrology Research
Centre, Ottawa K1A0R6, Canada
| | - K. George Thomas
- School
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science
Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India
| | - Zhong-Qun Tian
- State Key
Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, MOE Key Laboratory
of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Richard P. Van Duyne
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Tuan Vo-Dinh
- Fitzpatrick
Institute for Photonics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, and
Department of Chemistry, Duke University, 101 Science Drive, Box 90281, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Yue Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern
University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Katherine A. Willets
- Department
of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Chuanlai Xu
- Key Lab
of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, International
Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- State Key
Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, JiangSu 214122, China
| | - Hongxing Xu
- School
of Physics and Technology and Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yikai Xu
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen’s
University of Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, United Kingdom
| | - Yuko S. Yamamoto
- School
of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute
of Science and Technology, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
| | - Bing Zhao
- State Key
Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Luis M. Liz-Marzán
- CIC
biomaGUNE and CIBER-BBN, Paseo de Miramón 182, Donostia-San Sebastián 20014, Spain
- Ikerbasque,
Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao 48013, Spain
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32
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Nisar MS, Kang S, Zhao X. Photothermal Effect in Plasmonic Nanotip for LSPR Sensing. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20030671. [PMID: 31991744 PMCID: PMC7039235 DOI: 10.3390/s20030671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The influence of heat generation on the conventional process of LSPR based sensing has not been explored thus far. Therefore, a need exists to draw attention toward the heat generation issue during LSPR sensing as it may affect the refractive index of the analyte, leading to incorrect sensory conclusions. This manuscript addresses the connection between the photo-thermal effect and LSPR. We numerically analyzed the heat performance of a gold cladded nanotip. The numerical results predict a change in the micro-scale temperature in the microenvironment near the nanotip. These numerical results predict a temperature increase of more than 20 K near the apex of the nanotip, which depends on numerous factors including the input optical power and the diameter of the fiber. We analytically show that this change in the temperature influences a change in the refractive index of the microenvironment in the vicinity of the nanotip. In accordance with our numerical and analytical findings, we experimentally show an LSPR shift induced by a change in the input power of the source. We believe that our work will bring the importance of temperature dependence in nanotip based LSPR sensing to the fore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shemyal Nisar
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; (M.S.N.); (S.K.)
- Southeast University-Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Siyu Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; (M.S.N.); (S.K.)
- Southeast University-Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Xiangwei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; (M.S.N.); (S.K.)
- Southeast University-Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518000, China
- Correspondence:
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33
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Dong C, Meng G, Saji SE, Gao X, Zhang P, Wu D, Pan Y, Yin Z, Cheng Y. Simulation-guided nanofabrication of high-quality practical tungsten probes. RSC Adv 2020; 10:24280-24287. [PMID: 35516222 PMCID: PMC9055080 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra03967e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Micro/nanoscale tungsten probes are widely utilized in the fields of surface analysis, biological engineering, etc. amongst several others. This work performs comprehensive dynamic simulations on the influences of electric field distribution, surface tension and the bubbling situation on electrochemical etching behaviors, and then the tip dimension. Results show that the etching rate is reliant on the electric field distribution determined by the cathode dimension. The necking position lies in the meniscus rather than at the bottom of the meniscus. A bubble-free condition is mandatory to stabilize the distribution of OH− and WO42− ions for a smooth tungsten probe surface. Such simulation-guidance enables the nanofabrication of probes with a high aspect ratio (10 : 1), ultra-sharp tip apex (40 nm) and ultra-smooth surface. These probes have been successfully developed for high-performance application with Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM). The acquired decent atomic resolution images of epitaxial bilayer graphene robustly verify the feasibility of the practical level application of these nanoscale probes. Therefore, these nanoscale probes would be of great benefit to the development of advanced analytical science and nano-to-atomic scale experimental science and technology. Dynamic simulation is employed to reveal the mechanism of electrochemical nanofabrication of nanoscale probes for atomic resolution imaging in STM.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengye Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an
- China
| | - Guodong Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an
- China
| | | | - Xinyu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an
- China
| | - Pengcheng Zhang
- Center for Advancing Materials Performance from the Nanoscale (CAMP-Nano)
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
- China
| | - Di Wu
- Center for Spintronics and Quantum Systems
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
- China
| | - Yi Pan
- Center for Spintronics and Quantum Systems
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
- China
| | - Zongyou Yin
- Research School of Chemistry
- The Australian National University
- Canberra
- Australia
| | - Yonghong Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an
- China
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34
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Huang TX, Cong X, Wu SS, Lin KQ, Yao X, He YH, Wu JB, Bao YF, Huang SC, Wang X, Tan PH, Ren B. Probing the edge-related properties of atomically thin MoS 2 at nanoscale. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5544. [PMID: 31804496 PMCID: PMC6895227 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13486-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Defects can induce drastic changes of the electronic properties of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides and influence their applications. It is still a great challenge to characterize small defects and correlate their structures with properties. Here, we show that tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) can obtain distinctly different Raman features of edge defects in atomically thin MoS2, which allows us to probe their unique electronic properties and identify defect types (e.g., armchair and zigzag edges) in ambient. We observed an edge-induced Raman peak (396 cm−1) activated by the double resonance Raman scattering (DRRS) process and revealed electron–phonon interaction in edges. We further visualize the edge-induced band bending region by using this DRRS peak and electronic transition region using the electron density-sensitive Raman peak at 406 cm−1. The power of TERS demonstrated in MoS2 can also be extended to other 2D materials, which may guide the defect engineering for desired properties. Probing inevitable defects in two- dimensional materials is challenging. Here, the authors tackle this issue by using tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) to obtain distinctly different Raman features of edge defects in atomically thin MoS2, and further probe their unique electronic properties as well as identify the armchair and zigzag edges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng-Xiang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Xin Cong
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China.,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering & CAS Center of Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Si-Si Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Kai-Qiang Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Xu Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yu-Han He
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Jiang-Bin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yi-Fan Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Sheng-Chao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China.
| | - Ping-Heng Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China. .,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering & CAS Center of Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Bin Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China.
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35
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Yang M, Mattei MS, Cherqui CR, Chen X, Van Duyne RP, Schatz GC. Tip-Enhanced Raman Excitation Spectroscopy (TERES): Direct Spectral Characterization of the Gap-Mode Plasmon. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:7309-7316. [PMID: 31518135 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b02925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The plasmonic properties of tip-substrate composite systems are of vital importance to near-field optical spectroscopy, in particular tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS), which enables operando studies of nanoscale chemistry at a single molecule level. The nanocavities formed in the tip-substrate junction also offer a highly tunable platform for studying field-matter interactions at the nanoscale. While the coupled nanoparticle dimer model offers a correct qualitative description of gap-mode plasmon effects, it ignores the full spectrum of multipolar tip plasmon modes and their interaction with surface plasmon polariton (SPP) excitation in the substrate. Herein, we perform the first tip-enhanced Raman excitation spectroscopy (TERES) experiment and use the results, both in ambient and aqueous media, in combination with electrodynamics simulations, to explore the plasmonic response of a Au tip-Au substrate composite system. The gap-mode plasmon features a wide spectral window corresponding to a host of tip plasmon modes interacting with the plasmonic substrate. Simulations of the electric field confinement demonstrate that optimal spatial resolution is achieved when a hybrid plasmon mode that combines a multipolar tip plasmon and a substrate SPP is excited. Nevertheless, a wide spectral window over 1000 nm is available for exciting the tip plasmon with high spatial resolution, which enables the simultaneous resonant detection of different molecular species. This window is robust as a function of tip-substrate distance and tip radius of curvature, indicating that many choices of tips will work, but it is restricted to wavelengths longer than ∼600 nm for the Au tip-Au substrate combination. Other combinations, such as Ag tip-Ag substrate, can access wavelengths as low as 350 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muwen Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Physics Program , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Michael S Mattei
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Physics Program , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Charles R Cherqui
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Physics Program , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Physics Program , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Richard P Van Duyne
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Physics Program , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - George C Schatz
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Physics Program , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
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36
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Kazuma E, Kim Y. Scanning probe microscopy for real-space observations of local chemical reactions induced by a localized surface plasmon. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:19720-19731. [PMID: 31332407 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp02100k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Localised surface plasmon (LSP) resonance has attracted considerable attention in recent years as an efficient driving force for chemical reactions. The chemical reactions induced by LSP are classified into two types, namely, redox reactions based on plasmon-induced charge separation (PICS) and chemical reactions induced by the direct interaction between LSP and molecules (plasmon-induced chemical reactions). Although both types of reactions have been extensively studied, the mechanisms of PICS and plasmon-induced chemical reactions remain unexplained and controversial because conventional macroscopic methods can hardly grasp the local chemical reactions induced by LSP. In order to obtain mechanistic insights, nanoscale observations and investigations are necessary. Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) is a powerful experimental tool to investigate not only the surface morphology but also the physical and chemical properties of samples at a high spatial resolution. In this perspective review, we first explain SPM combined with optical excitation, and then, review the recent studies using SPM techniques for real-space observations of the chemical reactions induced by LSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiko Kazuma
- Surface and Interface Science Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
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37
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Wang CT, Jiang B, Zhou YW, Jiang TW, Liu JH, Zhu GD, Cai WB. Exploiting the Surface-Enhanced IR Absorption Effect in the Photothermally Induced Resonance AFM-IR Technique toward Nanoscale Chemical Analysis. Anal Chem 2019; 91:10541-10548. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chiao-Tzu Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bei Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ya-Wei Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tian-Wen Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian-Hua Liu
- Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guo-Dong Zhu
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen-Bin Cai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
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38
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Graefe CT, Punihaole D, Harris CM, Lynch MJ, Leighton R, Frontiera RR. Far-Field Super-Resolution Vibrational Spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2019; 91:8723-8731. [PMID: 31251563 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Potential label-free alternatives to super-resolution fluorescence techniques have been the focus of considerable research due to the challenges intrinsic in the reliance on fluorescent tags. In this Feature, we discuss efforts to develop super-resolution techniques based on vibrational spectroscopies and address possible sample applications as well as future potential resolution enhancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian T Graefe
- Department of Chemistry , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - David Punihaole
- Department of Chemistry , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - Celina M Harris
- Department of Chemistry , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - Michael J Lynch
- Department of Chemistry , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - Ryan Leighton
- Department of Chemistry , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - Renee R Frontiera
- Department of Chemistry , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
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39
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Sun JJ, Su HS, Yue HL, Huang SC, Huang TX, Hu S, Sartin MM, Cheng J, Ren B. Role of Adsorption Orientation in Surface Plasmon-Driven Coupling Reactions Studied by Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:2306-2312. [PMID: 31013094 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In the field of surface plasmon-mediated photocatalysis, the coupling reactions of p-aminothiophenol (PATP) and p-nitrothiophenol (PNTP) to produce p, p'-dimercaptoazobenzene (DMAB) are the most widely investigated systems. However, a clear understanding of the structure-function relationship is still required. Here, we used tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) to study the coupling reactions of PATP and PNTP on well-defined Ag(111) and Au(111) surfaces using 632.8 and 532 nm lasers. On Au(111), the oxidative coupling of PATP can proceed under irradiation by a 632.8 nm laser, and the reductive coupling of PNTP can only occur under irradiation by a 532 nm laser. Neither wavelength of laser light can induce the coupling reactions of these two molecules on Ag(111). Density functional theory (DFT) was used to calculate the stable adsorption configurations of PATP and PNTP on Ag(111) and Au(111). Both the adsorption configurations of the two molecules on the surfaces and laser energies were, experimentally and theoretically, found to determine whether the coupling reactions can occur on different substrates. These results may help the rational design of photocatalysts with enhanced reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan-Juan Sun
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China
| | - Hai-Sheng Su
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China
| | - Hui-Li Yue
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China
| | - Sheng-Chao Huang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China
| | - Teng-Xiang Huang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China
| | - Shu Hu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China
| | - Matthew M Sartin
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China
| | - Jun Cheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China
| | - Bin Ren
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China
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40
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Kumar N, Weckhuysen BM, Wain AJ, Pollard AJ. Nanoscale chemical imaging using tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Nat Protoc 2019; 14:1169-1193. [PMID: 30911174 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-019-0132-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Confocal and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) are powerful techniques for molecular characterization; however, they suffer from the drawback of diffraction-limited spatial resolution. Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) overcomes this limitation and provides chemical information at length scales in the tens of nanometers. In contrast to alternative approaches to nanoscale chemical analysis, TERS is label free, is non-destructive, and can be performed in both air and liquid environments, allowing its use in a diverse range of applications. Atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based TERS is especially versatile, as it can be applied to a broad range of samples on various substrates. Despite its advantages, widespread uptake of this technique for nanoscale chemical imaging has been inhibited by various experimental challenges, such as limited lifetime, and the low stability and yield of TERS probes. This protocol details procedures that will enable researchers to reliably perform TERS imaging using a transmission-mode AFM-TERS configuration on both biological and non-biological samples. The procedure consists of four stages: (i) preparation of plasmonically active TERS probes; (ii) alignment of the TERS system; (iii) experimental procedures for nanoscale imaging using TERS; and (iv) TERS data processing. We provide procedures and example data for a range of different sample types, including polymer thin films, self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of organic molecules, photocatalyst surfaces, small molecules within biological cells, single-layer graphene and single-walled carbon nanotubes in both air and water. With this protocol, TERS probes can be prepared within ~23 h, and each subsequent TERS experimental procedure requires 3-5 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Kumar
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, UK.,Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Group, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Bert M Weckhuysen
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Group, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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41
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Moeinian A, Gür FN, Gonzalez-Torres J, Zhou L, Murugesan VD, Dashtestani AD, Guo H, Schmidt TL, Strehle S. Highly Localized SERS Measurements Using Single Silicon Nanowires Decorated with DNA Origami-Based SERS Probe. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:1061-1066. [PMID: 30620200 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b04355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) measurements are conventionally performed using assemblies of metal nanostructures on a macro- to micro-sized substrate or by dispersing colloidal metal nanoparticles directly onto the sample of interest. Despite intense use, these methods allow neither the removal of the nanoparticles after a measurement nor a defined confinement of the SERS measurement position. So far, tip enhanced Raman spectroscopy is still the key technique in this regard but not adequate for various samples mainly due to diminished signal enhancement compared to other techniques, poor device fabrication reproducibility, and cumbersome experimental setup requirements. Here, we demonstrate that a rational combination of only four gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on a DNA origami template, and single silicon nanowires (SiNWs) yield functional optical amplifier nanoprobes for SERS. These nanoscale SERS devices offer a spatial resolution below the diffraction limit of light and still a high electric field intensity enhancement factor ( EF) of about 105 despite of miniaturization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ardeshir Moeinian
- Institute of Electron Devices and Circuits , Ulm University , 89081 Ulm , Germany
| | | | - Julio Gonzalez-Torres
- Área de Física Atómica Molecular Aplicada (FAMA) , CBI, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Azcapotzalco , Av. San Pablo 180, Col. Reynosa Tamaulipas , Mexico, DF , 02200 , Mexico
| | - Linsen Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , University of New Mexico , Albuquerque , New Mexico 87131 , United States
| | | | | | - Hua Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , University of New Mexico , Albuquerque , New Mexico 87131 , United States
| | | | - Steffen Strehle
- Institute of Electron Devices and Circuits , Ulm University , 89081 Ulm , Germany
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42
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Sloan-Dennison S, Schultz ZD. Label-free plasmonic nanostar probes to illuminate in vitro membrane receptor recognition. Chem Sci 2018; 10:1807-1815. [PMID: 30842849 PMCID: PMC6369441 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc05035j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptide functionalized plasmonic nanostars evince Raman signals from targeted receptors in cells and modulate protein corona formation, improving targeting.
Protein–ligand recognition is a key activity where chemical signals are communicated to cells to activate various biochemical pathways, which are important for understanding membrane signaling and drug interactions. Gold nanostars are highly attractive for biological applications due to their readily modified surface chemistry, facile synthesis and optical properties. The increase in electromagnetic field at their branches increases the surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) making them ideal candidates as label free in vitro probes that can be used to detect a variety of cellular activities. However, the use of particles in vitro is complicated by the adsorption of proteins, which forms the protein corona. In this paper we demonstrate gold nanostars as label free in vitro probes to study the interaction between αvβ3 integrin and RGD. Nanostars functionalized with cyclic-RDGFC reduced the formation of the protein corona, due to its zwitterionic nature, indicating a small peptide approach to minimizing protein absorption. Additionally, the functionalized nanostars evince a SERS response from their interaction with αvβ3 integrin representative of the amino acids present at the binding site which is also retained in a complex biological matrix. The nanostars were used in vitro to selectively detect αvβ3 integrin on the membrane of human metastatic colon cancer cells. By exploiting the intense SERS and tunable plasmon resonance properties of gold nanostars functionalized with cyclic RGDFC, we have demonstrated a label free approach to investigate the chemical interactions associated with protein–ligand binding from both purified proteins and membrane bound receptors in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sian Sloan-Dennison
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The Ohio State University , Columbus , OH 43210 , USA .
| | - Zachary D Schultz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The Ohio State University , Columbus , OH 43210 , USA .
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43
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Gao L, Zhao H, Li Y, Li T, Chen D, Liu B. Controllable Fabrication of Au-Coated AFM Probes via a Wet-Chemistry Procedure. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2018; 13:366. [PMID: 30456453 PMCID: PMC6242804 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-018-2789-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS), which offers a spatial resolution far beyond the limitations of the optical diffraction and detection sensitivity down to a single molecular level, has become one of the powerful techniques applied in current nanoscience and technology. However, the excellent performance of a TERS system is very much dependent on the quality of metallized probes used in TERS characterization. Thus, how to prepare higher-quality probes plays a vital role in the development and application of TERS technique. In this work, one simple wet-chemistry procedure was designed to fabricate atomic force microscopy-based TERS (AFM-TERS) probes. Through the controlled growth of a gold film on a commercial silicon AFM probe, TERS probes with different apex diameters were prepared successfully. A series of TERS results indicated that the probes with the apex size of 50~60 nm had the maximum TERS enhancement, and the Raman enhancement factor was in the range of 106 to 107. Compared with those prepared by other fabrication methods, our TERS probes fabricated by this wet-chemistry method have the virtues of good stability, high reproducibility, and strong enhancement effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhen Gao
- Institute of Photo-biophysics, School of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004 People’s Republic of China
| | - Huiling Zhao
- Institute of Photo-biophysics, School of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yinli Li
- Institute of Photo-biophysics, School of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004 People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianfeng Li
- Institute of Photo-biophysics, School of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004 People’s Republic of China
| | - Dong Chen
- Institute of Photo-biophysics, School of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004 People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Liu
- Institute of Photo-biophysics, School of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004 People’s Republic of China
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44
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Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy with High-Order Fiber Vector Beam Excitation. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18113841. [PMID: 30423922 PMCID: PMC6263471 DOI: 10.3390/s18113841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
We investigated tip-enhanced Raman spectra excited by high-order fiber vector beams. Theoretical analysis shows that the high-order fiber vector beams have stronger longitudinal electric field components than linearly polarized light under tight focusing conditions. By introducing the high-order fiber vector beams and the linearly polarized beam from a fiber vector beam generator based on an electrically-controlled acoustically-induced fiber grating into a top-illumination tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) setup, the tip-enhanced Raman signal produced by the high-order fiber vector beams was 1.6 times as strong as that produced by the linearly polarized light. This result suggests a new type of efficient excitation light beams for TERS.
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45
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Foti A, Barreca F, Fazio E, D’Andrea C, Matteini P, Maragò OM, Gucciardi PG. Low cost tips for tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy fabricated by two-step electrochemical etching of 125 µm diameter gold wires. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 9:2718-2729. [PMID: 30416923 PMCID: PMC6204785 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.9.254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) has become a well-applied technique for nanospectroscopy, allowing for single molecule sensitivity with sub-nanometer spatial resolution. The demand for efficient, reproducible and cost-effective probes for TERS is increasing. Here we report on a new electrochemical etching protocol to fabricate TERS tips starting from 125 µm diameter gold wires in a reproducible way. The process is reliable (50% of the tips have radius of curvature <35 nm, 66% <80 nm), fast (less than 2 min) and 2.5 times cheaper than the etching of standard 250 µm diameter wires. The TERS performance of the tips is tested on dyes, pigments and biomolecules and enhancement factors higher than 105 are observed. TERS mapping with a spatial resolution of 5 nm is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Foti
- CNR-IPCF, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 37, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Barreca
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche e Informatiche, Scienze Fisiche e Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Enza Fazio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche e Informatiche, Scienze Fisiche e Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Cristiano D’Andrea
- IFAC-CNR, Institute of Applied Physics “Nello Carrara”, National Research Council, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Paolo Matteini
- IFAC-CNR, Institute of Applied Physics “Nello Carrara”, National Research Council, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Onofrio Maria Maragò
- CNR-IPCF, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 37, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Pietro Giuseppe Gucciardi
- CNR-IPCF, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 37, 98168 Messina, Italy
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46
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Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy: principles, practice, and applications to nanospectroscopic imaging of 2D materials. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 411:37-61. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1392-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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47
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Plathier J, Pignolet A, Ruediger A. Note: Controlling the length of plasmonic tips obtained by pulsed electrochemical etching. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2018; 89:096107. [PMID: 30278714 DOI: 10.1063/1.5028052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We present a method to control the length of plasmonic gold tips through pulsed electrochemical etching. This method uses a cut-off circuit to interrupt the etching when the desired length is achieved, paving the way to tune the plasmonic properties of these tips through their shape. The control of the tip length by monitoring the cell voltage is the result of a study of the etching dynamics. The resulting tips possess a low apex radius and a small opening angle, allowing for high spatial resolution both in topography and in near-field imaging. The plasmonic behavior was confirmed in tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Plathier
- Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Varennes, Québec J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - A Pignolet
- Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Varennes, Québec J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - A Ruediger
- Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Varennes, Québec J3X 1S2, Canada
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48
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Kazuma E, Jung J, Ueba H, Trenary M, Kim Y. Real-space and real-time observation of a plasmon-induced chemical reaction of a single molecule. Science 2018; 360:521-526. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aao0872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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49
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Sheng S, Li W, Gou J, Cheng P, Chen L, Wu K. Low-temperature, ultrahigh-vacuum tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy combined with molecular beam epitaxy for in situ two-dimensional materials' studies. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2018; 89:053107. [PMID: 29864859 DOI: 10.1063/1.5019802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS), which combines scanning probe microscopy with the Raman spectroscopy, is capable to access the local structure and chemical information simultaneously. However, the application of ambient TERS is limited by the unstable and poorly controllable experimental conditions. Here, we designed a high performance TERS system based on a low-temperature ultrahigh-vacuum scanning tunneling microscope (LT-UHV-STM) and combined with a molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) system. It can be used for growing two-dimensional (2D) materials and for in situ STM and TERS characterization. Using a 2D silicene sheet on the Ag(111) surface as a model system, we achieved an unprecedented 109 Raman single enhancement factor in combination with a TERS spatial resolution down to 0.5 nm. The results show that TERS combined with a MBE system can be a powerful tool to study low dimensional materials and surface science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoxiang Sheng
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wenbin Li
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jian Gou
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Peng Cheng
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Lan Chen
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Kehui Wu
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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Huang TX, Li CW, Yang LK, Zhu JF, Yao X, Liu C, Lin KQ, Zeng ZC, Wu SS, Wang X, Yang FZ, Ren B. Rational fabrication of silver-coated AFM TERS tips with a high enhancement and long lifetime. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:4398-4405. [PMID: 29451566 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr08186c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS), known as nanospectroscopy, has received increasing interest as it can provide nanometer spatial resolution and chemical fingerprint information of samples simultaneously. Since Ag tips are well accepted to show a higher TERS enhancement than that of gold tips, there is an urgent quest for Ag TERS tips with a high enhancement, long lifetime, and high reproducibility, especially for atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based TERS. Herein, we developed an electrodeposition method to fabricate Ag-coated AFM TERS tips in a highly controllable and reproducible way. We investigated the influence of the electrodeposition potential and time on the morphology and radius of the tip. The radii of Ag-coated AFM tips can be rationally controlled at a few to hundreds nanometers, which allows us to systematically study the dependence of the TERS enhancement on the tip radius. The Ag-coated AFM tips show the highest TERS enhancement under 632.8 nm laser excitation and a broad localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) response when coupled to a Au substrate. The tips exhibit a lifetime of 13 days, which is particularly important for applications that need a long measuring time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng-Xiang Huang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
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