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Valmiki PA, Thippeswamy MS, Naik L, Maridevarmath CV, Malimath GH. Fluorescence Quenching and Electron Transfer Dynamics of a Thiophene-Substituted 1,3,4-Oxadiazole Derivative with Nitroaromatic Compounds. J Fluoresc 2025:10.1007/s10895-025-04333-8. [PMID: 40314891 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-025-04333-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2025] [Accepted: 04/17/2025] [Indexed: 05/03/2025]
Abstract
This study investigates the fluorescence quenching behavior of a newly synthesized thiophene-substituted 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivative, 2-(4-(4-vinyl phenyl)phenyl)-5-(5-(4-vinyl phenyl)thiophene-2-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (TSO), in the presence of various nitroaromatic compounds (NACs), including 2-nitrotoluene, 4-nitrotoluene, nitrobenzene, and picric acid (2,4,6-trinitrophenol). The interactions were examined in an ethanol medium at room temperature using steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. Steady-state fluorescence analysis revealed a non-linear Stern-Volmer (SV) plot exhibiting positive deviation, while time-resolved measurements displayed a linear relationship. To interpret these findings, ground-state complex formation and the sphere-of-action static quenching models were applied. The study determined key quenching parameters, including the Stern-Volmer constant, quenching rate constant, static quenching constant, and sphere-of-action radius. Notably, fluorescence quenching efficiency increased with the number of NO2 groups in the NACs.Electrochemical analysis, complemented by Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations, confirmed that electron transfer was the primary quenching mechanism. Furthermore, binding site analysis demonstrated a 1:1 binding stoichiometry between TSO and NACs, with picric acid exhibiting the highest binding affinity. Given the growing interest in fluorescence-based sensing approaches, these findings contribute valuable insights into the development of advanced sensors for detecting nitroaromatic pollutants and explosive residues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M S Thippeswamy
- Department of Physics, Government Science College, Chitradurga, 577501, Karnataka, India
| | - Lohit Naik
- Department of Physics, RNS Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, 560098, India
- Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - C V Maridevarmath
- Department of Physics, Government First Grade College, Dharwad, 580008, Karnataka, India
| | - G H Malimath
- UG and PG Department of Physics, Karnatak Science College, Dharwad, 580001, Karnataka, India.
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2
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Mazur N, Dzhagan V, Kapush O, Isaieva O, Demydov P, Lytvyn V, Chegel V, Kukla O, Yukhymchuk V. SERS of nitro group compounds for sensing of explosives. RSC Adv 2025; 15:252-260. [PMID: 39758932 PMCID: PMC11694722 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra07309f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2024] [Accepted: 12/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/07/2025] Open
Abstract
Detecting small concentrations of nitro-compounds via surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is reported. In particular, explosive analogues, such as 4-nitrophenol, 1-nitronaphthalene, and 5-nitroisoquinoline, and an explosive material (picric acid) are investigated and prepared by measurements using two different methods. One method involved mixing the analyte with plasmonic silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) in a solution, followed by subsequent drop-casting of the mixture onto a silicon substrate. In the second method, the analyte solution was drop-casted onto SERS substrates formed by annealing of thin Ag films deposited over self-assembled layers of SiO2 spheres. Both approaches allowed for the SERS detection of analyte concentrations down to 10-4-10-7 M. Furthermore, the possible reasons for the different enhancements of the above analytes as well as their differences in the liquid (drop) and dried states are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazar Mazur
- V. Ye. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine 41 Nauky Avenue 03028 Kyiv Ukraine
| | - Volodymyr Dzhagan
- V. Ye. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine 41 Nauky Avenue 03028 Kyiv Ukraine
| | - Olga Kapush
- V. Ye. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine 41 Nauky Avenue 03028 Kyiv Ukraine
| | - Oksana Isaieva
- V. Ye. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine 41 Nauky Avenue 03028 Kyiv Ukraine
| | - Petro Demydov
- V. Ye. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine 41 Nauky Avenue 03028 Kyiv Ukraine
| | - Vitalii Lytvyn
- V. Ye. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine 41 Nauky Avenue 03028 Kyiv Ukraine
| | - Volodymyr Chegel
- V. Ye. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine 41 Nauky Avenue 03028 Kyiv Ukraine
| | - Oleksandr Kukla
- V. Ye. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine 41 Nauky Avenue 03028 Kyiv Ukraine
| | - Volodymyr Yukhymchuk
- V. Ye. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine 41 Nauky Avenue 03028 Kyiv Ukraine
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Ullah MZ, Shahzad SA, Assiri MA, Irshad H, Rafique S, Shakir SA, Mumtaz A. An extensive experimental and DFT studies on highly selective detection of nitrobenzene through deferasirox based new fluorescent sensor. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 306:123607. [PMID: 37948931 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
A deferasirox based substituted triazole amine sensor TAD has been synthesized for the highly selective detection of nitrobenzene in real samples. Sensor TAD exhibited selective quenching response against nitrobenzene among the other nitroaromatic compounds (NACs). Photoinduced electron transfer (PET) process was devised as plausible sensing mechanisms which was supported via UV-visible and fluorescence spectroscopy, 1H NMR titration experiment, density functional theory (DFT) analysis and Job's plot. Non-covalent interaction (NCI) analysis and Bader's quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) analysis were performed to investigate the presence of non-covalent interactions and symmetry perturbation theory (SAPT0) was performed for energy decomposition and quantitative analysis of interaction energies between sensor TAD and NB. Furthermore, sensor TAD was practically applied for the identification of NB in real samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zahid Ullah
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, University Road, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Sohail Anjum Shahzad
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, University Road, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan.
| | - Mohammed A Assiri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia; Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha 61514, P. O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hasher Irshad
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, University Road, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Sanwa Rafique
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, University Road, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Syed Ahmed Shakir
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, University Road, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Amara Mumtaz
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, University Road, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan.
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4
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Ren Y, Ma Z, Gao T, Liang Y. Advance Progress on Luminescent Sensing of Nitroaromatics by Crystalline Lanthanide-Organic Complexes. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114481. [PMID: 37298958 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Water environment pollution is becoming an increasingly serious issue due to industrial pollutants with the rapid development of modern industry. Among many pollutants, the toxic and explosive nitroaromatics are used extensively in the chemical industry, resulting in environmental pollution of soil and groundwater. Therefore, the detection of nitroaromatics is of great significance to environmental monitoring, citizen life and homeland security. Lanthanide-organic complexes with controllable structural features and excellent optical performance have been rationally designed and successfully prepared and used as lanthanide-based sensors for the detection of nitroaromatics. This review will focus on crystalline luminescent lanthanide-organic sensing materials with different dimensional structures, including the 0D discrete structure, 1D and 2D coordination polymers and the 3D framework. Large numbers of studies have shown that several nitroaromatics could be detected by crystalline lanthanide-organic-complex-based sensors, for instance, nitrobenzene (NB), nitrophenol (4-NP or 2-NP), trinitrophenol (TNP) and so on. The various fluorescence detection mechanisms were summarized and sorted out in the review, which might help researchers or readers to comprehensively understand the mechanism of the fluorescence detection of nitroaromatics and provide a theoretical basis for the rational design of new crystalline lanthanide-organic complex-based sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixia Ren
- Laboratory of New Energy and New Function Materials, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Reaction Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yan'an University, Yan'an 716000, China
| | - Zhihu Ma
- Laboratory of New Energy and New Function Materials, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Reaction Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yan'an University, Yan'an 716000, China
| | - Ting Gao
- Laboratory of New Energy and New Function Materials, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Reaction Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yan'an University, Yan'an 716000, China
| | - Yucang Liang
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Irshad H, Rafique S, Khan AM, Nawazish S, Rehman HU, Imran M, Shahzad SA, Farooq U. AIEE active J-aggregates of naphthalimide based fluorescent probe for detection of Nitrobenzene: Combined experimental and theoretical approaches for Non-covalent interaction analysis. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 290:122273. [PMID: 36584641 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.122273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A new naphthalimide-based fluorescent probe NS with exceptional J-aggregates based aggregation-induced emission enhancement (AIEE) properties was rationally synthesized through a single-step imidation reaction. Probe NS exhibited excellent AIEE properties in aqueous media through the formation of J-aggregates with remarkable red-shift. The AIEE active probe NS was used for selective and sensitive detection of nitrobenzene (NB) based on fluorescence quenching response. Formation of J-aggregates was assessed through fluorescence titration. These J-aggregates contributed significantly to produce favorable interaction between probe NS and NB. The highly selective fluorescence detection of NB was accredited to the adjustable smaller size of NB that can easily penetrate into interstitial spaces of probe molecules. Ability of sensor to detect NB in solid state was also accomplished through solid state fluorescence spectroscopy. Nature of interaction and sensitivity of probe NS for NB has also been investigated through 1H NMR titration and density functional theory (DFT) including non-covalent interaction (NCI), quantum theory of atom in molecule (QTAIM), electron density differences (EDD), frontier molecular orbitals (FMO) and density of states (DOS) analysis. Advantageously, probe exhibited colorimetric and vapor phase detection of NB. Moreover, probe was quite sensitive for the trace detection of NB in real samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasher Irshad
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, University Road, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Sanwa Rafique
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, University Road, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Asad Muhammad Khan
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, University Road, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Shamyla Nawazish
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Habib Ur Rehman
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, University Road, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha 61514, P. O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sohail Anjum Shahzad
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, University Road, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan.
| | - Umar Farooq
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, University Road, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan.
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6
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Qi P, Qian W, Guo L, Xue J, Zhang N, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Lin L, Sun C, Zhu L, Liu W. Sensing with Femtosecond Laser Filamentation. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:7076. [PMID: 36146424 PMCID: PMC9504994 DOI: 10.3390/s22187076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Femtosecond laser filamentation is a unique nonlinear optical phenomenon when high-power ultrafast laser propagation in all transparent optical media. During filamentation in the atmosphere, the ultrastrong field of 1013-1014 W/cm2 with a large distance ranging from meter to kilometers can effectively ionize, break, and excite the molecules and fragments, resulting in characteristic fingerprint emissions, which provide a great opportunity for investigating strong-field molecules interaction in complicated environments, especially remote sensing. Additionally, the ultrastrong intensity inside the filament can damage almost all the detectors and ignite various intricate higher order nonlinear optical effects. These extreme physical conditions and complicated phenomena make the sensing and controlling of filamentation challenging. This paper mainly focuses on recent research advances in sensing with femtosecond laser filamentation, including fundamental physics, sensing and manipulating methods, typical filament-based sensing techniques and application scenarios, opportunities, and challenges toward the filament-based remote sensing under different complicated conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Qi
- Institute of Modern Optics, Eye Institute, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Wenqi Qian
- Institute of Modern Optics, Eye Institute, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Lanjun Guo
- Institute of Modern Optics, Eye Institute, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jiayun Xue
- Institute of Modern Optics, Eye Institute, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Institute of Modern Optics, Eye Institute, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yuezheng Wang
- Institute of Modern Optics, Eye Institute, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Institute of Modern Optics, Eye Institute, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Sensor and Sensing Network Technology, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Zeliang Zhang
- Institute of Modern Optics, Eye Institute, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Lie Lin
- Institute of Modern Optics, Eye Institute, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Sensor and Sensing Network Technology, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Changlin Sun
- Institute of Modern Optics, Eye Institute, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Tianjin 300350, China
- National Key Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Liguo Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Institute of Modern Optics, Eye Institute, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Sensor and Sensing Network Technology, Tianjin 300350, China
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7
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Thippeswamy M, Naik L, Maridevarmath C, Savanur HM, Malimath G. Studies on the characterisation of thiophene substituted 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivative for the highly selective and sensitive detection of picric acid. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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8
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Chang CH, Ni YC, Tseng SP. Calculation of effective atomic numbers using a rational polynomial approximation method with a dual-energy X-ray imaging system. JOURNAL OF X-RAY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021; 29:317-330. [PMID: 33492268 DOI: 10.3233/xst-200790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The study aims to develop a rational polynomial approximation method for improving the accuracy of the effective atomic number calculation with a dual-energy X-ray imaging system. This method is based on a multi-materials calibration model with iterative optimization, which can improve the calculation accuracy of the effective atomic number by adding a rational term without increasing the computation time. The performance of the proposed rational polynomial approximation method is demonstrated and validated by both simulated and experimental studies. The twelve reference materials are used to establish the effective atomic number calibration model, and the value of the effective atomic numbers are between 5.444 and 22. For the accuracy of the effective atomic number calculation, the relative differences between calculated and experimental values are less than 8.5%for all sample cases in this study. The average calculation accuracy of the method proposed in this study can be improved by about 40%compared with the conventional polynomial approximation method. Additionally, experimental quality assurance phantom imaging result indicates that the proposed method is compliant with the international baggage inspection standards for detecting the explosives. Moreover, the experimental imaging results reveal that the difference of color between explosives and the surrounding materials is in significant contrast for the dual-energy image with the proposed method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hao Chang
- Health Physics Division, Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yu-Ching Ni
- Health Physics Division, Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Sheng-Pin Tseng
- Health Physics Division, Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, R.O.C
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9
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To KC, Ben-Jaber S, Parkin IP. Recent Developments in the Field of Explosive Trace Detection. ACS NANO 2020; 14:10804-10833. [PMID: 32790331 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c01579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Explosive trace detection (ETD) technologies play a vital role in maintaining national security. ETD remains an active research area with many analytical techniques in operational use. This review details the latest advances in animal olfactory, ion mobility spectrometry (IMS), and Raman and colorimetric detection methods. Developments in optical, biological, electrochemical, mass, and thermal sensors are also covered in addition to the use of nanomaterials technology. Commercially available systems are presented as examples of current detection capabilities and as benchmarks for improvement. Attention is also drawn to recent collaborative projects involving government, academia, and industry to highlight the emergence of multimodal screening approaches and applications. The objective of the review is to provide a comprehensive overview of ETD by highlighting challenges in ETD and providing an understanding of the principles, advantages, and limitations of each technology and relating this to current systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Chuen To
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, Bloomsbury, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Sultan Ben-Jaber
- Department of Science and Forensics, King Fahad Security College, Riyadh 13232, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ivan P Parkin
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, Bloomsbury, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
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Optimization of ultraviolet Raman spectroscopy for trace explosive checkpoint screening. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:4495-4504. [PMID: 32472147 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02725-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy has long been considered a gold standard for optically based chemical identification, but has not been adopted in non-laboratory operational settings due to limited sensitivity and slow acquisition times. Ultraviolet (UV) Raman spectroscopy has the potential to address these challenges through the reduction of fluorescence from background materials and increased Raman scattering due to the shorter wavelength (relative to visible or near-infrared excitation) and resonant enhancement effects. However, the benefits of UV Raman must be evaluated against specific operational situations: the actual realized fluorescence reduction and Raman enhancement depend on the specific target materials, target morphology, and operational constraints. In this paper, the wavelength trade-space in UV Raman spectroscopy is evaluated for one specific application: checkpoint screening for trace explosive residues. The optimal UV wavelength is evaluated at 244, 266, and 355 nm for realistic trace explosive and explosive-related compound (ERC) residues on common checkpoint materials: we perform semi-empirical analysis that includes the UV penetration depth of common explosive and ERCs, realistic explosive and ERC residue particle sizes, and the fluorescence signal of common checkpoint materials. We find that while generally lower UV wavelength provides superior performance, the benefits may be significantly reduced depending on the specific explosive and substrate. Further, logistical requirements (size, weight, power, and cost) likely limit the adoption of optimal wavelengths. Graphical abstract.
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Wu J, Zhang L, Huang F, Ji X, Dai H, Wu W. Surface enhanced Raman scattering substrate for the detection of explosives: Construction strategy and dimensional effect. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 387:121714. [PMID: 31818672 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) technology has been reported to be able to quickly and non-destructively identify target analytes. SERS substrate with high sensitivity and selectivity gave SERS technology a broad application prospect. This contribution aims to provide a detailed and systematic review of the current state of research on SERS-based explosive sensors, with particular attention to current research advances. This review mainly focuses on the strategies for improving SERS performance and the SERS substrates with different dimensions including zero-dimensional (0D) nanocolloids, one-dimensional (1D) nanowires and nanorods, two-dimensional (2D) arrays, and three-dimensional (3D) networks. The effects of elemental composition, the shape and size of metal nanoparticles, hot-spot structure and surface modification on the performance of explosive detection are also reviewed. In addition, the future development tendency and application of SERS-based explosive sensors are prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information, National Jiangsu Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Fang Huang
- College of Materials Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xingxiang Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Hongqi Dai
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Weibing Wu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China.
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12
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Ganesh D, Narsimha Rao E, Venkatesh M, Nagarjuna K, Vaitheeswaran G, Sahoo AK, Chaudhary AK. Time-Domain Terahertz Spectroscopy and Density Functional Theory Studies of Nitro/Nitrogen-Rich Aryl-Tetrazole Derivatives. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:2541-2551. [PMID: 32095678 PMCID: PMC7033662 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b03383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The paper reports the time-domain THz spectroscopy studies of noncentrosymmetric energetic nitro/nitrogen-rich aryl-tetrazole high-energy molecules. The fingerprint spectra in the THz domain reveal the role of different functional groups attached to position "1" of the tetrazole moiety, which controls the energetic properties. These responses are deliberated through density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The synthesized aryl-tetrazoles exhibit high positive heat of formation (369-744 kJ/mol), high detonation velocities, and pressures (D v: 7734-8298 m·s-1; D p: 24-28 GPa) in comparison to the noncentrosymmetric 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT). These compounds exhibit variation in the refractive indices and absorption between 0.1 and 2.2 THz range. The DFT studies at the molecular and single-crystal level (using plane wave pseudo potential method) endorse in detecting these bands (with ∼1% deviation). The calculated vibrational frequencies and linear optical properties are found to have good agreement with the experimental data in UV-visible and THz regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damarla Ganesh
- Advanced Center of Research in High Energy Materials (ACRHEM), School of Physics, and School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Prof. C. R. Rao Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500 046, Telangana, India
| | - Elaprolu Narsimha Rao
- Advanced Center of Research in High Energy Materials (ACRHEM), School of Physics, and School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Prof. C. R. Rao Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500 046, Telangana, India
| | - Mottamchetty Venkatesh
- Advanced Center of Research in High Energy Materials (ACRHEM), School of Physics, and School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Prof. C. R. Rao Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500 046, Telangana, India
- The
Guo China-US Photonics Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Applied
Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Kommu Nagarjuna
- Advanced Center of Research in High Energy Materials (ACRHEM), School of Physics, and School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Prof. C. R. Rao Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500 046, Telangana, India
| | - Ganapathy Vaitheeswaran
- Advanced Center of Research in High Energy Materials (ACRHEM), School of Physics, and School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Prof. C. R. Rao Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500 046, Telangana, India
| | - Akhila K. Sahoo
- Advanced Center of Research in High Energy Materials (ACRHEM), School of Physics, and School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Prof. C. R. Rao Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500 046, Telangana, India
| | - Anil K. Chaudhary
- Advanced Center of Research in High Energy Materials (ACRHEM), School of Physics, and School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Prof. C. R. Rao Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500 046, Telangana, India
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Fingerprinting of Nitroaromatic Explosives Realized by Aphen-functionalized Titanium Dioxide. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19102407. [PMID: 31137774 PMCID: PMC6566778 DOI: 10.3390/s19102407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Developing sensing materials for military explosives and improvised explosive precursors is of great significance to maintaining homeland security. 5-Nitro-1,10-phenanthroline (Aphen)-modified TiO2 nanospheres are prepared though coordination interactions, which broaden the absorption band edge of TiO2 and shift it to the visible region. A sensor array based on an individual TiO2/Aphen sensor is constructed by regulating the excitation wavelength (365 nm, 450 nm, 550 nm). TiO2/Aphen shows significant response to nitroaromatic explosives since the Aphen capped on the surface of TiO2 can chemically recognize and absorb nitroaromatic explosives by the formation of the corresponding Meisenheimer complex. The photocatalytic mechanism is proved to be the primary sensing mechanism after anchoring nitroaromatic explosives to TiO2. The fingerprint patterns obtained by combining kinetics and thermodynamics validated that the single TiO2/Aphen sensor can identify at least six nitroaromatic explosives and improvised explosives within 8 s and the biggest response reaches 80%. Furthermore, the TiO2/Aphen may allow the contactless detection of various explosives, which is of great significance to maintaining homeland security.
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Wang Q, Teng G, Li C, Zhao Y, Peng Z. Identification and classification of explosives using semi-supervised learning and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 369:423-429. [PMID: 30784972 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Public places are often under threat from explosion events, which pose health and safety risks to the public. Therefore, the detection of explosive materials has become an important concern in the fields of antiterrorism and security. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has been demonstrated to be useful in identifying explosives but has limitations. This study focuses on using semi-supervised learning combined with LIBS for explosive identification. Labeled data were utilized for the construction of a semi-supervised model for distinguishing explosive clusters and improving the accuracy of the K-nearest neighbor algorithm. The method requires only minimal prior information, and the time for obtaining a large amount of labeled data can be saved. The results of our investigation demonstrated that semi-supervised learning with LIBS can be used to discriminate explosives from interfering substances (plastics) containing similar components. The algorithm exhibits good robustness and practicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Wang
- School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Geer Teng
- School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Chenyu Li
- School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China; School of Information and Communication Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan, 030051, China
| | - Zhong Peng
- School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
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Gao Y, Mu D, Guan P, Guo P, Song H. A simple functionalized silica microsphere for fast PETN vapor detection based on fluorescence color changes via a catalyzed oxidation process. Analyst 2019; 144:1361-1368. [DOI: 10.1039/c8an02130a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A fluorene substituted vinyl-SiO microsphere performs a rapid fluorescence color change via oxidation with highly selective PETN catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixun Gao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- China
- Guangdong Provincial Public Laboratory of Analysis and Testing Technology
| | - Dehai Mu
- Guangdong Provincial Public Laboratory of Analysis and Testing Technology
- China National Analytical Center Guangzhou
- Guangzhou 510070
- China
| | - Peng Guan
- Guangdong Provincial Public Laboratory of Analysis and Testing Technology
- China National Analytical Center Guangzhou
- Guangzhou 510070
- China
- College of Petrochemical Technology
| | - Pengran Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Public Laboratory of Analysis and Testing Technology
- China National Analytical Center Guangzhou
- Guangzhou 510070
- China
| | - Huacan Song
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- China
- Guangdong Provincial Public Laboratory of Analysis and Testing Technology
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17
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Danquah MK, Wang S, Wang Q, Wang B, Wilson LD. A porous β-cyclodextrin-based terpolymer fluorescence sensor for in situ trinitrophenol detection. RSC Adv 2019; 9:8073-8080. [PMID: 35521178 PMCID: PMC9061888 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra06192k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Permanent porosity plays a key role in fluorescent-based polymers with “on–off” emissive properties due to the role of guest adsorption at accessible fluorophore sites of the polymer framework. In particular, we report on the design of a porous fluorescent polymer (FL-PFP) composed of a covalently cross-linked ternary combination of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), 4,4′-diisocyanato-3,3′-dimethyl biphenyl (DL) and tetrakis(4-hydoxyphenyl)ethene (TPE). The textural properties of FL-PFP were evaluated by the gas uptake properties using N2 and CO2 isotherms. The BET surface area estimates according to N2 uptake ranged from 100–150 m2 g−1, while a lower range of values (20–30 m2 g−1) was estimated for CO2 uptake. Model nitroarenes such as trinitrophenol (TNP) and nitrobenzene (NB) were shown to induce turn-off of the fluorescence emission of the polymer framework at concentrations near 50 nM with ca. 50% fluorescence quenching upon TNP adsorption and detection. The strong donor–acceptor interaction between the nitroarenes and the TPE reporter unit led to fluorescence quenching of FL-PFP upon nitroarene adsorption. The fluorescence lifetime (τ) for FL-PFP (τ = 3.82 ns) was obtained along with a quantum yield estimate of 0.399 relative to quinine sulphate. The β-CD terpolymer reported herein has significant potential for monitoring the rapid and controlled detection of nitroarenes (TNP and NB) in aquatic environments and other complex media. Permanent porosity plays a key role in fluorescent-based polymers with “on–off” emissive properties due to the role of guest adsorption at accessible fluorophore sites of the polymer framework.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shan Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Material
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
| | - Qianyou Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Material
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
| | - Bo Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Material
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
| | - Lee D. Wilson
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Saskatchewan
- Saskatoon
- Canada
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Non-Destructive Trace Detection of Explosives Using Pushbroom Scanning Hyperspectral Imaging System. SENSORS 2018; 19:s19010097. [PMID: 30597901 PMCID: PMC6339093 DOI: 10.3390/s19010097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of the non-destructive hyperspectral imaging system (HSI) and accuracy of the model developed using Support Vector Machine (SVM) for determining trace detection of explosives. Raman spectroscopy has been used in similar studies, but no study has been published which is based on measurement of reflectance from hyperspectral sensor for trace detection of explosives. HSI used in this study has an advantage over existing techniques due to its combination of imaging system and spectroscopy, along with being contactless and non-destructive in nature. Hyperspectral images of the chemical were collected using the BaySpec hyperspectral sensor which operated in the spectral range of 400–1000 nm (144 bands). Image processing was applied on the acquired hyperspectral image to select the region of interest (ROI) and to extract the spectral reflectance of the chemicals which were stored as spectral library. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and first derivative was applied to reduce the high dimensionality of the image and to determine the optimal wavelengths between 400 and 1000 nm. In total, 22 out of 144 wavelengths were selected by analysing the loadings of principal components (PC). SVM was used to develop the classification model. SVM model established on the whole spectrum from 400 to 1000 nm achieved an accuracy of 81.11%, whereas an accuracy of 77.17% with less computational load was achieved when SVM model was established on the optimal wavelengths selected. The results of the study demonstrate that the hyperspectral imaging system along with SVM is a promising tool for trace detection of explosives.
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20
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Shaik AK, Soma VR. Discrimination of bimetallic alloy targets using femtosecond filament-induced breakdown spectroscopy in standoff mode. OPTICS LETTERS 2018; 43:3465-3468. [PMID: 30067686 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.003465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The femtosecond filament-induced breakdown spectroscopy (FIBS) technique coupled with principal component analysis (PCA) is demonstrated for standoff (ST) analysis of metals, alloys (Al, Cu, brass, stainless steel), and bimetallic strips (Ag@Cu, Ag@Au with varying weight percentages). The experiments were performed by analyzing the filament-produced plasma at ∼6.5 m from the laser. The plasma emissions were collected using a Schmidt-Cassegrain telescope (6″ f/10) at ∼8 m away. The variations in intensities of persistent atomic transitions in the FIBS spectra clearly reflected the varying weight percentage in bimetallic strips. Furthermore, PCA was successfully utilized to discriminate the metals, alloys, and bimetallic strips batch wise and altogether. Our results demonstrate the capability of femtosecond ST-FIBS for ST analytical applications.
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Shaik AK, Epuru NR, Syed H, Byram C, Soma VR. Femtosecond laser induced breakdown spectroscopy based standoff detection of explosives and discrimination using principal component analysis. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:8069-8083. [PMID: 29715780 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.008069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We report the standoff (up to ~2 m) and remote (~8.5 m) detection of novel high energy materials/explosive molecules (Nitroimidazoles and Nitropyrazoles) using the technique of femtosecond laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). We utilized two different collection systems (a) ME-OCT-0007 (commercially available) and (b) Schmidt-Cassegrain telescope for these experiments. In conjunction with LIBS data, principal component analysis was employed to discriminate/classify the explosives and the obtained results in both configurations are compared. Different aspects influencing the LIBS signal strength at far distances such as fluence at target, efficiency of collection system etc. are discussed.
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22
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Wen P, Amin M, Herzog WD, Kunz RR. Key challenges and prospects for optical standoff trace detection of explosives. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2017.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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23
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Kielmann M, Prior C, Senge MO. Porphyrins in troubled times: a spotlight on porphyrins and their metal complexes for explosives testing and CBRN defense. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj04679k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A critical perspective on (metallo)porphyrins in security-related applications: the past, present and future of explosives detection, CBRN defense, and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Kielmann
- School of Chemistry
- SFI Tetrapyrrole Laboratory
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute
- Trinity College Dublin
- The University of Dublin
| | - Caroline Prior
- School of Chemistry
- SFI Tetrapyrrole Laboratory
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute
- Trinity College Dublin
- The University of Dublin
| | - Mathias O. Senge
- Medicinal Chemistry
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute
- Trinity Centre for Health Sciences
- Trinity College Dublin
- The University of Dublin
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Verbitskiy EV, Baranova AA, Lugovik KI, Khokhlov KO, Chuvashov RD, Dinastiya EM, Rusinov GL, Chupakhin ON, Charushin VN. Linear and V-shaped push–pull systems on a base of pyrimidine scaffold with a pyrene-donative fragment for detection of nitroaromatic compounds. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-017-1278-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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New 2 H -[1,2,3]triazolo[4,5- e ][1,2,4]triazolo[1,5- a ]pyrimidine derivatives as luminescent fluorophores for detection of nitroaromatic explosives. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.06.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Hernández-Adame PL, Medina-Castro D, Rodriguez-Ibarra JL, Salas-Luevano MA, Vega-Carrillo HR. Design of an explosive detection system using Monte Carlo method. Appl Radiat Isot 2016; 117:27-31. [PMID: 27102306 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Revised: 04/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Regardless the motivation terrorism is the most important risk for the national security in many countries. Attacks with explosives are the most common method used by terrorists. Therefore several procedures to detect explosives are utilized; among these methods are the use of neutrons and photons. In this study the Monte Carlo method an explosive detection system using a 241AmBe neutron source was designed. In the design light water, paraffin, polyethylene, and graphite were used as moderators. In the work the explosive RDX was used and the induced gamma rays due to neutron capture in the explosive was estimated using NaI(Tl) and HPGe detectors. When light water is used as moderator and HPGe as the detector the system has the best performance allowing distinguishing between the explosive and urea. For the final design the Ambient dose equivalent for neutrons and photons were estimated along the radial and axial axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Luis Hernández-Adame
- Unidad Académica de Estudios Nucleares, Universidad Autonoma de Zacatecas, C. Ciprés, 10, 98068 Zacatecas, Zac., Mexico.
| | - Diego Medina-Castro
- Unidad Académica de Estudios Nucleares, Universidad Autonoma de Zacatecas, C. Ciprés, 10, 98068 Zacatecas, Zac., Mexico
| | | | - Miguel Angel Salas-Luevano
- Unidad Académica de Estudios Nucleares, Universidad Autonoma de Zacatecas, C. Ciprés, 10, 98068 Zacatecas, Zac., Mexico
| | - Hector Rene Vega-Carrillo
- Unidad Académica de Estudios Nucleares, Universidad Autonoma de Zacatecas, C. Ciprés, 10, 98068 Zacatecas, Zac., Mexico
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Detection of nitroaromatic explosives by new D–π–A sensing fluorophores on the basis of the pyrimidine scaffold. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:4093-101. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9501-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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29
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Brown KE, Greenfield MT, McGrane SD, Moore DS. Advances in explosives analysis--part I: animal, chemical, ion, and mechanical methods. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 408:35-47. [PMID: 26462922 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-9040-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The number and capability of explosives detection and analysis methods have increased substantially since the publication of the Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry special issue devoted to Explosives Analysis (Moore and Goodpaster, Anal Bioanal Chem 395(2):245-246, 2009). Here we review and critically evaluate the latest (the past five years) important advances in explosives detection, with details of the improvements over previous methods, and suggest possible avenues towards further advances in, e.g., stand-off distance, detection limit, selectivity, and penetration through camouflage or packaging. The review consists of two parts. This part, Part I, reviews methods based on animals, chemicals (including colorimetry, molecularly imprinted polymers, electrochemistry, and immunochemistry), ions (both ion-mobility spectrometry and mass spectrometry), and mechanical devices. Part II will review methods based on photons, from very energetic photons including X-rays and gamma rays down to the terahertz range, and neutrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E Brown
- Shock and Detonation Physics Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Margo T Greenfield
- Shock and Detonation Physics Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Shawn D McGrane
- Shock and Detonation Physics Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - David S Moore
- Shock and Detonation Physics Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA.
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