Real-time monitoring of 5-HT release from cells based on MXene hybrid single-walled carbon nanotubes modified electrode

Progress and Perspective in harnessing MXene-carbon-based composites (0-3D): Synthesis, performance, and applications

MXene is recognized as a promising catalyst for versatile applications due to its abundant metal sites, physicochemical properties, and structural formation. This comprehensive review offers an in-depth analysis of the incorporation of carbon into MXene, resulting in the formation of MXene-carbon-based composites (MCCs). Pristine MXene exhibits numerous outstanding characteristics, such as its atomically thin 2D structure, hydrophilic surface nature, metallic electrical conductivity, and substantial specific surface area. The introduction of carbon guides the assembly of MCCs through electrostatic self-assembly, pairing positively charged carbon with negatively charged MXene. These interactions result in increased interlayer spacing, reduced ion/electron transport distances, and enhanced surface hydrophilicity. Subsequent sections delve into the synthesis methods for MCCs, focusing on MXene integrated with various carbon structures, including 0D, 1D, 2D, and 3D carbon. Comprehensive discussions explore the distinctive properties of MCCs and the unique advantages they offer in each application domain, emphasizing the contributions and advancements they bring to specific fields. Furthermore, this comprehensive review addresses the challenges encountered by MCCs across different applications. Through these analyses, the review promotes a deeper understanding of exceptional characteristics and potential applications of MCCs. Insights derived from this review can serve as guidance for future research and development efforts, promoting the widespread utilization of MCCs across a broad spectrum of disciplines and spurring future innovations.

Constructed MXene matrix composites as sensing material and applications thereof: A review

Most studies on MXene matrix composites for sensor development have primarily focused on synthesis and application. Nevertheless, there is currently a lack of research on how the introduction of different materials affects the sensing properties of these composites. The rapid development of MXene has raised intriguing questions about improving sensor performance by combining MXene with other materials such as polymers, metals and inorganic non-metals. This review will concentrate on the construction of MXene-based composites and explore ways to enhance their sensor applications. Specifically, this review describes why the introduction of materials to the system brings the advantage of low concentration and high sensitivity assays, as well as the MXene-based frameworks that have been recently investigated. Lastly, in order to capture the current trend of MXene-based composites in sensor applications and identify promising research directions, this review will critically evaluate the potential applications of newly developed MXene systems.

Not Only Graphene Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials: Recent Trends in Electrochemical (Bio)sensing Area for Biomedical and Healthcare Applications

Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials (e.g., graphene) have attracted growing attention in the (bio)sensing area and, in particular, for biomedical applications because of their unique mechanical and physicochemical properties, such as their high thermal and electrical conductivity, biocompatibility, and large surface area. Graphene (G) and its derivatives represent the most common 2D nanomaterials applied to electrochemical (bio)sensors for healthcare applications. This review will pay particular attention to other 2D nanomaterials, such as transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs), and MXenes, applied to the electrochemical biomedical (bio)sensing area, considering the literature of the last five years (2018-2022). An overview of 2D nanostructures focusing on the synthetic approach, the integration with electrodic materials, including other nanomaterials, and with different biorecognition elements such as antibodies, nucleic acids, enzymes, and aptamers, will be provided. Next, significant examples of applications in the clinical field will be reported and discussed together with the role of nanomaterials, the type of (bio)sensor, and the adopted electrochemical technique. Finally, challenges related to future developments of these nanomaterials to design portable sensing systems will be shortly discussed.

Advances in MXene-Based Electrochemical (Bio)Sensors for Neurotransmitter Detection

Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that play an important role in the nervous system's control of the body's physiological state and behaviour. Abnormal levels of neurotransmitters are closely associated with some mental disorders. Therefore, accurate analysis of neurotransmitters is of great clinical importance. Electrochemical sensors have shown bright application prospects in the detection of neurotransmitters. In recent years, MXene has been increasingly used to prepare electrode materials for fabricating electrochemical neurotransmitter sensors due to its excellent physicochemical properties. This paper systematically introduces the advances in MXene-based electrochemical (bio)sensors for the detection of neurotransmitters (including dopamine, serotonin, epinephrine, norepinephrine, tyrosine, NO, and H₂S), with a focus on their strategies for improving the electrochemical properties of MXene-based electrode materials, and provides the current challenges and future prospects for MXene-based electrochemical neurotransmitter sensors.