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TaqMan Probes for Plant Species Identification and Quantification in Food and Feed Traceability. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2638:301-314. [PMID: 36781651 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3024-2_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
In the last few years, the traceability and labeling of processed food and feeds have gained increasing importance due to the impact that mislabeling and product fraud may have on human/animal health or on the quality of final products, such as milk, cheese, and meat, as a consequence of animal dietary. The presence of contaminants or possible frauds due to the use of alternative plant materials in food and feeds can greatly impact the economy; therefore, they are becoming important targets for product certification by competent institutional services. This is especially relevant when complex matrixes are considered, in which the visual identification of the different components is quite difficult or even impossible. Despite the existence of mandatory traceability requirements for the analysis of feed/food composition addressed by European Community regulations, the labels do not always provide a sufficient guarantee about the ingredients and additive composition of those products. In this sense, the development of new methodologies that aim to assess the traceability of feed and food complex matrixes is crucial. In this chapter, a general protocol is presented for the establishment of quantitative real-time PCR-based techniques based on TaqMan assays applied to feed/food traceability, with a special focus on applications in the areas of food and feed security (e.g., for the detection of plant species involved in allergenic reactions), fraud detection (e.g., genetically modified organisms), and certification (e.g., protected denomination of origin).
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Negi A, Lakshmi P, Praba K, Meenatchi R, Pare A. Detection of Food Adulterants in Different Foodstuff. Food Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/9781119792130.ch5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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3
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Kwon EA, Lee JI, Park JW, Kim SS. Application of comparative genomics in the development of DNA probes to detect Bacillus cereus and Bacillus subtilis. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.110996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Allgöwer SM, Hartmann CA, Holzhauser T. The Development of Highly Specific and Sensitive Primers for the Detection of Potentially Allergenic Soybean ( Glycine max) Using Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Combined with Lateral Flow Dipstick (LAMP-LFD). Foods 2020; 9:foods9040423. [PMID: 32260089 PMCID: PMC7231045 DOI: 10.3390/foods9040423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The soybean (Glycine max) has been recognized as a frequent elicitor of food allergy worldwide. A lack of causative immunotherapy of soybean allergy makes soybean avoidance essential. Therefore, sensitive and specific methods for soybean detection are needed to allow for soybean verification in foods. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) represents a rapid and simple DNA-based detection method principally suitable for field-like applications or on-site analytical screening for allergens during the manufacturing of foods. This work describes the systematic development and selection of suitable LAMP primers based on soybean multicopy genes. The chemistry applied allows for a versatile detection of amplified DNA, using either gel electrophoresis, fluorescence recording, or a simple Lateral Flow Dipstick (LFD). LAMP based on the ORF160b gene was highly specific for the soybean and may allow for a detection level equivalent to approximately 10 mg soy per kg food. Various soybean cultivars were detectable at a comparable level of sensitivity. LAMP combined with LFD-like detection facilitates a simple, highly specific and sensitive detection of the soybean without the need for expensive analytical equipment. In contrast to the majority of antibody-based methods for soybean detection, all identified primer sequences and optimized protocols are disclosed and broadly available to the community.
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Linacero R, Sanchiz A, Ballesteros I, Cuadrado C. Application of real-time PCR for tree nut allergen detection in processed foods. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:1077-1093. [PMID: 30638046 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1557103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Currently, food allergies are an important health concern worldwide. The presence of undeclared allergenic ingredients or the presence of traces of allergens due to accidental contamination during food processing poses a great health risk to sensitized individuals. Therefore, reliable analytical methods are required to detect and identify allergenic ingredients in food products. Real-time PCR allowed a specific and accurate amplification of allergen sequences. Some processing methods could induce the fragmentation and/or degradation of genomic DNA and some studies have been performed to analyze the effect of processing on the detection of different targets, as thermal treatment, with and without applying pressure. In this review, we give an updated overview of the applications of real-time PCR for the detection of allergens of tree nut in processed food products. The different variables that contribute to the performance of PCR methodology for allergen detection are also review and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Linacero
- Departamento de Genética, Fisiología y Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Africa Sanchiz
- Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, SGIT-INIA, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Ballesteros
- Ingeniería en Biotecnología, Facultad de Ingenierías y Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad de las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Carmen Cuadrado
- Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, SGIT-INIA, Madrid, Spain
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de la Cruz S, López-Calleja I, Martín R, González I, Alcocer M, García T. Recent Advances in the Detection of Allergens in Foods. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1592:263-295. [PMID: 28315226 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6925-8_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Food allergy is a public health issue that has significantly increased worldwide in the past decade affecting consumers' quality of life and making increasing demands on health service resources. Despite recent advances in many areas of diagnosis and treatment, our general knowledge of the basic mechanisms of the disease remained limited, i.e., not at pace with the exponential number of new cases and the explosion of the new technologies. For sensitized individuals, the only effective way to prevent allergic reactions is the strict avoidance of the offending food. For this reason, a number of regulatory bodies in several countries have recognized the importance of providing information about the presence of food allergens by enacting laws, regulations, or standards for food labeling of "priority allergens." This has resulted in the need for the development of analytical methods for protection of food-allergic consumers that should be among others highly specific, sensitive, and not influenced by the presence of the food matrix components. Several analytical approaches target either the allergen itself or a corresponding allergen marker such as peptide fragment or gene segment and have been used in the detection and quantification of allergens in food products. In this short review, some of the conventional and new methods for the detection of allergens in food are listed and briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia de la Cruz
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Departamento de Nutrición, Bromatología y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Inés López-Calleja
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Departamento de Nutrición, Bromatología y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosario Martín
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Departamento de Nutrición, Bromatología y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel González
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Departamento de Nutrición, Bromatología y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcos Alcocer
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire, Nottingham, UK
| | - Teresa García
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Departamento de Nutrición, Bromatología y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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Bianchi DM, Adriano D, Astegiano S, Gallina S, Caramelli M, Decastelli L. Egg and Milk Proteins as Hidden Allergens in Food: 5-Year (2010 to 2014) Results of Food Allergen Monitoring in Piedmont, Italy. J Food Prot 2016; 79:1583-1587. [PMID: 28221935 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-16-013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Cow's milk and egg allergies are two of the most common food allergies. Manufacturers of food products containing milk or eggs or their derivatives as an ingredient are required by European Union regulations to list their presence on the ingredient label. Under European Union legislation, member states are mandated to carry out food safety monitoring programs to verify compliance with food labeling requirements. Through the Regional Integrated Plan for Food Safety, the Piedmont (Italy) regional authority carries out an annual program to determine the presence of undeclared allergens in foods. In the 5-year period from 2010 to 2014, a total of 1,566 food samples were analyzed for the presence of hidden egg and milk proteins. The average positive percentage was 2.8% (3.6% egg and 2% milk proteins). Comparison between the allergen concentration and the published eliciting dose (ED) for egg proteins (0.03 mg) and for total milk proteins (0.1 mg) indicated a high risk of allergen exposure for sensitized consumers. The calculated exposure was up to 135× (for milk) the ED01 reported in the literature. Food manufacturers will need to improve their allergen control programs to reduce allergen exposure and risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Manila Bianchi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy.,Struttura Complessa Controllo Alimenti e Igiene delle Produzioni, CREALIA-Regional Center for Food Intolerance and Allergies, via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy
| | - Daniela Adriano
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy.,Struttura Complessa Controllo Alimenti e Igiene delle Produzioni, CREALIA-Regional Center for Food Intolerance and Allergies, via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy
| | - Sara Astegiano
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy.,Struttura Complessa Controllo Alimenti e Igiene delle Produzioni, CREALIA-Regional Center for Food Intolerance and Allergies, via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy
| | - Silvia Gallina
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy.,Struttura Complessa Controllo Alimenti e Igiene delle Produzioni, CREALIA-Regional Center for Food Intolerance and Allergies, via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy
| | - Maria Caramelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy
| | - Lucia Decastelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy.,Struttura Complessa Controllo Alimenti e Igiene delle Produzioni, CREALIA-Regional Center for Food Intolerance and Allergies, via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy
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Abstract
Food allergy is receiving increased attention in recent years. Because there is currently no known cure for food allergy, avoiding the offending food is the best defense for sensitive individuals. Type I food allergy is mediated by food proteins, and thus, theoretically, any food protein is a potential allergen. Variability of an individual's immune system further complicates attempts to understand allergen-antibody interaction. In this article, we briefly review food allergy occurrence, prevalence, mechanisms, and detection. Efforts aimed at reducing/eliminating allergens through food processing are discussed. Future research needs are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shridhar K Sathe
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 30306-1493;
| | - Changqi Liu
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 30306-1493;
| | - Valerie D Zaffran
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 30306-1493;
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Martín-Fernández B, Manzanares-Palenzuela CL, Sánchez-Paniagua López M, de-los-Santos-Álvarez N, López-Ruiz B. Electrochemical genosensors in food safety assessment. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2015; 57:2758-2774. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2015.1067597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Begoña Martín-Fernández
- Sección Departamental de Química Analítica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Marta Sánchez-Paniagua López
- Sección Departamental de Química Analítica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Beatriz López-Ruiz
- Sección Departamental de Química Analítica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Costa J, Melo VS, Santos CG, Oliveira MBP, Mafra I. Tracing tree nut allergens in chocolate: A comparison of DNA extraction protocols. Food Chem 2015; 187:469-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.04.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Costa J, Mafra I, Carrapatoso I, Oliveira MBPP. Hazelnut Allergens: Molecular Characterization, Detection, and Clinical Relevance. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2015; 56:2579-2605. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2013.826173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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14
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A magnetic particles-based chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay for rapid detection of ovalbumin. Anal Biochem 2014; 459:12-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2014.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 03/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Holzhauser T, Kleiner K, Janise A, Röder M. Matrix-normalised quantification of species by threshold-calibrated competitive real-time PCR: allergenic peanut in food as one example. Food Chem 2014; 163:68-76. [PMID: 24912697 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.04.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A novel method to quantify species or DNA on the basis of a competitive quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (cqPCR) was developed. Potentially allergenic peanut in food served as one example. Based on an internal competitive DNA sequence for normalisation of DNA extraction and amplification, the cqPCR was threshold-calibrated against 100mg/kg incurred peanut in milk chocolate. No external standards were necessary. The competitive molecule successfully served as calibrator for quantification, matrix normalisation, and inhibition control. Although designed for verification of a virtual threshold of 100mg/kg, the method allowed quantification of 10-1,000 mg/kg peanut incurred in various food matrices and without further matrix adaption: On the basis of four PCR replicates per sample, mean recovery of 10-1,000 mg/kg peanut in chocolate, vanilla ice cream, cookie dough, cookie, and muesli was 87% (range: 39-147%) in comparison to 199% (range: 114-237%) by three commercial ELISA kits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Holzhauser
- Division of Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, 63225 Langen, Germany.
| | - Kornelia Kleiner
- Division of Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, 63225 Langen, Germany
| | - Annabella Janise
- Division of Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, 63225 Langen, Germany
| | - Martin Röder
- Division of Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, 63225 Langen, Germany
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López-Calleja IM, de la Cruz S, Pegels N, González I, García T, Martín R. High resolution TaqMan real-time PCR approach to detect hazelnut DNA encoding for ITS rDNA in foods. Food Chem 2013; 141:1872-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.05.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Revised: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Röder M, Kleiner K, Sachs A, Keil N, Holzhauser T. Detectability of lupine seeds by ELISA and PCR may be strongly influenced by potential differences between cultivars. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:5936-5945. [PMID: 23758099 DOI: 10.1021/jf400508a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Accurate methods for allergen detection are needed for the verification of allergen labeling and the avoidance of hidden allergens. But systematic data on the influence of different cultivars of allergenic crop species on their detectability in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) are lacking. As one example, seeds of 14 different cultivars of lupine (Lupinus albus, Lupinus angustifolius, Lupinus luteus) were investigated for total protein according to a Kjeldahl method, and for their relative quantitative detectability in three commercial lupine-specific ELISA tests and four lupine-specific PCR methods. Total Kjeldahl nitrogen allowed an accurate quantification of total protein. Relative differences in quantitative response between cultivars of 390-5050% and 480-13,600% were observed between ELISA kits and PCR methods, respectively. Hence, quantitative results of selected ELISA and PCR methods may be strongly influenced by the examined lupine cultivar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Röder
- Division of Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, ‡Division of Immunology; Paul-Ehrlich-Institut , Paul-Ehrlich-Strasse 51-59, 63225 Langen, Germany
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Iniesto E, Jiménez A, Prieto N, Cabanillas B, Burbano C, Pedrosa MM, Rodríguez J, Muzquiz M, Crespo JF, Cuadrado C, Linacero R. Real Time PCR to detect hazelnut allergen coding sequences in processed foods. Food Chem 2013; 138:1976-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2011] [Revised: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Tortajada-Genaro LA, Santiago-Felipe S, Morais S, Gabaldón JA, Puchades R, Maquieira Á. Multiplex DNA detection of food allergens on a digital versatile disk. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:36-43. [PMID: 22126645 DOI: 10.1021/jf2037032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The development of a DNA microarray method on a digital versatile disk (DVD) is described for the simultaneous detection of traces of hazelnut ( Corylus avellana L.), peanut ( Arachis hypogaea ), and soybean ( Glycine max ) in foods. After DNA extraction, multiplex PCR was set up using 5'-labeled specific primers for Cor a 1, Ar h 2, and Le genes, respectively. Digoxin-labeled PCR products were detected by hybridization with 5'-biotinylated probes immobilized on a streptavidin-modified DVD surface. The reaction product attenuates the signal intensity of the laser that reached the DVD drive used as detector, correlating well with the amount of amplified sequence. Analytical performances showed a detection limit of 1 μg/g and good assay reproducibility (RSD 8%), suitable for the simultaneous detection of the three targeted allergens. The developed methodology was tested with several commercially available foodstuffs, demonstrating its applicability. The results were in good agreement, in terms of sensitivity and reproducibility, with those obtained with ELISA, PCR-gel agarose electrophoresis, and RT-PCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Tortajada-Genaro
- Centro de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico, IDM, Departamento de Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera, E46022 Valencia, Spain
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Ehlert A, Demmel A, Hupfer C, Busch U, Engel KH. Simultaneous detection of DNA from 10 food allergens by ligation-dependent probe amplification. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2011; 26:409-18. [PMID: 19680915 DOI: 10.1080/02652030802593529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The simultaneous detection of DNA from different allergenic food ingredients by a ligation-dependent probe amplification (LPA) system is described. The approach allows detection of several targets in a one-tube assay. Synthetic oligonucleotides were designed to detect DNA from peanuts, cashews, pecans, pistachios, hazelnuts, sesame seeds, macadamia nuts, almonds, walnuts and brazil nuts. The specificity of the system was tested with DNA from more than 50 plant and animal species. The sensitivity of the method was suitable to detect allergenic ingredients in the low mg kg(-1) range. The limit of detection (LOD) for single allergens in different food matrices was 5 mg kg(-1). The novel analytical strategy represents a useful tool for the surveillance of established legislation on food allergens within the European Union.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Ehlert
- Department of General Food Technology, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan D-85350, Germany
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Platteau C, De Loose M, De Meulenaer B, Taverniers I. Detection of allergenic ingredients using real-time PCR: a case study on hazelnut (Corylus avellena) and soy (Glycine max). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:10803-14. [PMID: 21888436 DOI: 10.1021/jf202110f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Compliance with the European allergen labeling legislation (Directive 2007/68/EC) is only possible when coupled with appropriate methods to detect allergens in food. The aim of the current study was to develop new real-time PCR assays for the detection of hazelnut and soy and evaluate these assays via comparison with commercially available kits. Although the new assays were not as sensitive as the commercial qualitative assays, they proved to be more specific. Moreover, the cross-reactivity study indicated contamination of some of the food products used with either hazelnut or soy, which presents a risk for the allergic consumer. The assays were able to quantify as few as 5-15 genome copies. This unit, used to express analytical results for allergen detection by means of PCR, needs to be converted to a unit expressing the amount of allergenic ingredient in order to be informative. This study emphasizes that the use of real-time PCR for allergen quantification is complicated by the lack of appropriate reference materials for allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Platteau
- Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Technology and Food Science Unit, Merelbeke, Belgium.
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D’Andrea M, Coïsson JD, Locatelli M, Garino C, Cereti E, Arlorio M. Validating allergen coding genes (Cor a 1, Cor a 8, Cor a 14) as target sequences for hazelnut detection via Real-Time PCR. Food Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Sensitive and specific detection of potentially allergenic almond (Prunus dulcis) in complex food matrices by Taqman(®) real-time polymerase chain reaction in comparison to commercially available protein-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Anal Chim Acta 2010; 685:74-83. [PMID: 21168554 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2010] [Revised: 11/02/2010] [Accepted: 11/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Currently, causative immunotherapies are lacking in food allergy. The only option to prevent allergic reactions in susceptible individuals is to strictly avoid the offending food. Thus, reliable labelling of allergenic constituents is of major importance, but can only be achieved if appropriate specific and sensitive detection techniques for foods with allergenic potential are available. Almond is an allergenic food that requires mandatory labelling on prepackaged foods and belongs to the genus Prunus. Species of this genus are phylogenetically closely related. We observed commercially available almond specific ELISA being highly cross-reactive with other foods of the Prunoideae family, resulting in a false-positive detection of up to 500,000 mg kg(-1) almond. Previously published PCR methods were reported to be cross-reactive with false positive results >1200 mg kg(-1). We describe the development of a novel almond specific real-time PCR, based on mutated mismatch primers and sequence specific Taqman(®) probe detection, in comparison with two quantitative commercially available ELISA. PCR sensitivity was investigated with chocolate, chocolate coating and cookies spiked between 5 and 100,000 mg kg(-1) almond. In all matrices almond was reproducibly detected by real-time PCR at the lowest spike level of 5 mg kg(-1). Further, between 100 and 100,000 mg kg(-1) spiked almond, the method featured good correlation between quantified copy numbers and the amount of spiked almond. Within this range a similar relation between detectable signal and amount of almond was observed for both PCR and ELISA. In contrast to ELISA the Taqman(®) real-time PCR method was highly specific in 59 food items with negligible cross-reactivity for a very limited number of Prunoideae foods. The real-time PCR analysis of 24 retail samples was in concordance with ELISA results: 21% (n=5) contained undeclared almond. This is the first completely disclosed real-time PCR method for a specific and potentially quantitative almond detection. This PCR method detects almond at a level where severe allergic reactions should not be expected for the majority of the almond allergic individuals.
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A novel, sensitive and specific real-time PCR for the detection of traces of allergenic Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa) in processed foods. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 398:2279-88. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-4072-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2010] [Revised: 07/26/2010] [Accepted: 07/29/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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25
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Problematik, Nachweis und neue Möglichkeiten für die Analyse versteckter Lebensmittelallergene. J Verbrauch Lebensm 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00003-009-0538-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Schöringhumer K, Redl G, Cichna-Markl M. Development and validation of a duplex real-time PCR method to simultaneously detect potentially allergenic sesame and hazelnut in food. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2009; 57:2126-2134. [PMID: 19292461 DOI: 10.1021/jf8033336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The paper describes the development and validation of a duplex real-time PCR method allowing the simultaneous detection of traces of potentially allergenic sesame and hazelnut in food. For the detection of sesame and hazelnut, the genes coding for two major allergenic proteins, Ses i 1 and Cor a 1, were selected. The duplex real-time PCR assay did not show any cross-reactivity with 25 common food ingredients from sesame and/or hazelnut containing foods. Analysis of serially diluted sesame/hazelnut DNA resulted in good linearity up to a dilution of 1:10000 (corresponding to 10 pg microL(-1) or 50 pg). Sesame and hazelnut could be detected in blank whole meal cookies which had been spiked with 0.005% sesame and 0.005% hazelnut. The applicability of the real-time PCR assay for determining sesame and hazelnut in different food matrices was investigated by analyzing 30 commercial foodstuffs comprising salty snacks, cookies, chocolates, creams, mueslis and muesli bars.
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Bettazzi F, Lucarelli F, Palchetti I, Berti F, Marrazza G, Mascini M. Disposable electrochemical DNA-array for PCR amplified detection of hazelnut allergens in foodstuffs. Anal Chim Acta 2008; 614:93-102. [PMID: 18405686 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2007] [Revised: 03/05/2008] [Accepted: 03/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An electrochemical low-density DNA-array has been designed and implemented to be used in combination with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in order to investigate the presence of hazelnut major allergens (Cor a 1.04, Cor a 1.03) in foodstuff. Unmodified PCR products were captured at the sensor interface via sandwich hybridization with surface-tethered probes and biotinylated signalling probes. The resulting biotinylated hybrids were coupled with a streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase conjugate and then exposed to a alpha-naphthyl phosphate solution. Differential pulse voltammetry was finally used to detect the alpha-naphthol signal. The detection limits for Cor a 1.03 and Cor a 1.04 were 0.3 and 0.1 nmol L(-1), respectively (R.S.D. 10%). The optimized conditions were used to test several commercially available foodstuffs, claiming to contain or not the targeted nuts. The results were compared with those obtained with classical ELISA tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Bettazzi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Fi), Italy
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Schöringhumer K, Cichna-Markl M. Development of a real-time PCR method to detect potentially allergenic sesame (Sesamum indicum) in food. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2007; 55:10540-10547. [PMID: 18052100 DOI: 10.1021/jf0719407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Recent papers indicate that the prevalence of allergic reactions to sesame (Sesamum indicum) is increasing in European countries. This paper describes the development of a selective real-time PCR method for the detection of sesame in food. The assay did not show any cross-reactivity with 17 common food ingredients. The real-time PCR method was applied to determine sesame in several crackers, salty snacks, biscuits, tahina sesame paste and sesame oil. With the exception of sesame oil, in all of the samples where sesame was declared, sesame was detected by the real-time PCR assay (Ct value<35). In the samples which might contain sesame or where sesame was not listed, sesame could not be detected (Ct value>35).
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Scaravelli E, Brohée M, Marchelli R, van Hengel AJ. Development of three real-time PCR assays to detect peanut allergen residue in processed food products. Eur Food Res Technol 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-007-0797-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Fæste C, Holden L, Plassen C, Almli B. Sensitive time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay for the detection of hazelnut (Corylus avellana) protein traces in food matrices. J Immunol Methods 2006; 314:114-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2006.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2005] [Revised: 06/06/2006] [Accepted: 06/06/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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33
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Rossi S, Scaravelli E, Germini A, Corradini R, Fogher C, Marchelli R. A PNA-array platform for the detection of hidden allergens in foodstuffs. Eur Food Res Technol 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-005-0034-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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34
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Torp A, Olesen A, Sten E, Stahl Skov P, Bindslev-Jensen U, Poulsen L, Bindslev-Jensen C, Andersen S. Specific, semi-quantitative detection of the soybean allergen Gly m Bd 30K DNA by PCR. Food Control 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2004.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Hirao T, Imai S, Sawada H, Shiomi N, Hachimura S, Kato H. PCR method for detecting trace amounts of buckwheat (Fagopyrum spp.) in food. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2005; 69:724-31. [PMID: 15849410 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.69.724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Buckwheat often causes severe allergic reactions, even when its ingestion level is extremely low. Therefore, buckwheat is listed in several countries as a common food allergen. In addition to common buckwheat and Tartarian buckwheat that are cultivated and consumed widely, wild buckwheat may be potentially allergenic. Food containing undeclared buckwheat poses a risk to patients with the buckwheat allergy. We describe in this report a PCR method to detect buckwheat DNA by using primers corresponding to the internal transcribed spacer region and the 5.8S rRNA gene. The method is buckwheat-specific and compatible with both cultivated and wild buckwheat of the Fagopyrum spp. Its sensitivity was sufficient to detect 1 ppm (w/w) of buckwheat DNA spiked in wheat DNA. This method should benefit food manufacturers, clinical doctors, and allergic patients by providing information on the presence of buckwheat contamination in food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Hirao
- Somatech Center, House Foods Corporation, chiba 284-0033, Japan.
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Kiening M, Niessner R, Drs E, Baumgartner S, Krska R, Bremer M, Tomkies V, Reece P, Danks C, Immer U, Weller MG. Sandwich immunoassays for the determination of peanut and hazelnut traces in foods. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2005; 53:3321-3327. [PMID: 15853366 DOI: 10.1021/jf048394r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
People suffering from food allergies are dependent on accurate food labeling, as an avoidance diet is the only effective countermeasure. Even a small amount of allergenic protein can trigger severe reactions in highly sensitized patients. Therefore, sensitive and reliable tests are needed to detect potential cross-contamination. In this paper two fast sandwich immunoassays are described for the determination of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) and hazelnut (Corylus avellana) traces in complex food matrices. Mouse monoclonal antibodies were used as capture antibodies, and labeled rabbit polyclonal antibodies were used as detection antibodies in both assays. The assay time was 30 min in total, and cross-reactivities against a variety of fruits and seeds were found to be in the low 10(-4)% (ppm) level or in some cases not detectable. The recoveries in all tested food matrices ranged from 86 to 127%, and the limits of detection were in the range of 0.2-1.2 mg/kg (ppm) in food for both peanut and hazelnut, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kiening
- Institute of Hydrochemistry, Technische Universität München, Marchioninistrasse 17, D-81377 München, Germany
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Polymerase chain reaction coupled with peptide nucleic acid high-performance liquid chromatography for the sensitive detection of traces of potentially allergenic hazelnut in foodstuffs. Eur Food Res Technol 2004. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-004-1105-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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I. Malmheden Yman. Detection of inadequate labelling and contamination as causes of allergic reactions to food. ACTA ALIMENTARIA 2004. [DOI: 10.1556/aalim.33.2004.4.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Stephan O, Vieths S. Development of a real-time PCR and a sandwich ELISA for detection of potentially allergenic trace amounts of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) in processed foods. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2004; 52:3754-3760. [PMID: 15186093 DOI: 10.1021/jf035178u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Hidden allergens in food products are, especially for peanut-allergic consumers, a serious problem because even low amounts (approximately 200 microg) of peanut can elicit allergic reactions. Undeclared peanut traces can be found in processed food products, because contaminations with peanut during production processes are frequent. To minimize the risk of such cross-contaminations, it is necessary to develop sensitive analytical methods for the detection of hidden allergens in foods. For this approach we developed two peanut-specific assays based on the detection of peanut protein by specific antibodies (sandwich ELISA) and by the detection of peanut-specific DNA (part of the coding region of Ara h 2) by a real-time PCR. Both tests did not show any cross-reactivity with 22 common food ingredients (cereals, nuts, legumes), and the limit of detection is <10 ppm peanut in processed foods. Thirty-three random samples of food products were tested for the presence of peanut to compare both assay types with each other and to evaluate the percentage of foods on the German market that are contaminated with peanut traces. We found that four products (13.3%) without peanut in the list of ingredients contained peanut protein in a range from 1 to 74 ppm peanut protein and that the results of both tests correlated well. The real-time PCR was able to detect one more positive sample than the sandwich ELISA. In conclusion, both assays are sensitive and specific tools for the detection of hidden allergens in processed foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Stephan
- Department of Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich-Strasse 51-59, D-63225 Langen, Germany
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Tilley
- USDA-ARS Grain Marketing and Production Research Center, 1515 College Avenue, Manhattan, KS. E-mail: Mention of firm names or trade products does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture over others not mentioned. Names are necessary to report factually on available data; however, the USDA neither guarantees nor warrants the standard of the product, and the use of name by the USDA implies no approval of the product to the exclusion of others that may also be
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Holzhauser T, Stephan O, Vieths S. Detection of potentially allergenic hazelnut (Corylus avellana) residues in food: a comparative study with DNA PCR-ELISA and protein sandwich-ELISA. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2002; 50:5808-5815. [PMID: 12358443 DOI: 10.1021/jf025600r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Allergen detection is of increasing interest for food labeling purposes. A comparative study with a commercial hazelnut-specific PCR-ELISA and a sandwich-type ELISA detecting hazelnut protein was performed to investigate to what extent immunochemical and DNA-based techniques would correlate in the detection of trace amounts of potentially allergenic hazelnut residues. Both methods were highly sensitive and allowed the detection of even <10 ppm of hazelnut in complex food matrixes. The protein-ELISA was highly specific for hazelnut. However, some foods could lead to false-positive results at the 10 ppm level. The PCR-ELISA did not show any cross-reactions with non-hazelnut foods, thus reducing the probability of having false positives at the trace level. Forty-one commercial food products with and without hazelnut components on their labels were analyzed for the presence of hazelnut. Of the 27 products in which hazelnut components were detected, two samples were not identified by the protein-ELISA, and only one sample, namely one white chocolate having <1 ppm of hazelnut protein, was not detected by PCR-ELISA. The good correlation of the results of PCR-ELISA and protein-ELISA suggested that both PCR-based and immunochemical techniques are suitable for reliable detection of potentially allergenic hazelnut residues in foods at the trace level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Holzhauser
- CONGEN Biotechnology, Robert-Roessle-Strasse 10, D-13125 Berlin, Germany.
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Current awareness in phytochemical analysis. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2001; 12:144-151. [PMID: 11708302 DOI: 10.1002/pca.554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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