1
|
Wang H, Luo Y, Wang H, Li F, Yu F, Ye L. Mechanistic advances in osteoporosis and anti-osteoporosis therapies. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e244. [PMID: 37188325 PMCID: PMC10175743 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a type of bone loss disease characterized by a reduction in bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue. With the intensification of global aging, this disease is now regarded as one of the major public health problems that often leads to unbearable pain, risk of bone fractures, and even death, causing an enormous burden at both the human and socioeconomic layers. Classic anti-osteoporosis pharmacological options include anti-resorptive and anabolic agents, whose ability to improve bone mineral density and resist bone fracture is being gradually confirmed. However, long-term or high-frequency use of these drugs may bring some side effects and adverse reactions. Therefore, an increasing number of studies are devoted to finding new pathogenesis or potential therapeutic targets of osteoporosis, and it is of great importance to comprehensively recognize osteoporosis and develop viable and efficient therapeutic approaches. In this study, we systematically reviewed literatures and clinical evidences to both mechanistically and clinically demonstrate the state-of-art advances in osteoporosis. This work will endow readers with the mechanistical advances and clinical knowledge of osteoporosis and furthermore present the most updated anti-osteoporosis therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Department of EndodonticsWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yuchuan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Department of EndodonticsWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Haisheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Feifei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Fanyuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Department of EndodonticsWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Ling Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Department of EndodonticsWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Garg B, Tomar N, Biswas A, Mehta N, Malhotra R. Understanding Musculoskeletal Disorders Through Next-Generation Sequencing. JBJS Rev 2022; 10:01874474-202204000-00001. [PMID: 35383688 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.rvw.21.00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
» An insight into musculoskeletal disorders through advancements in next-generation sequencing (NGS) promises to maximize benefits and improve outcomes through improved genetic diagnosis. » The primary use of whole exome sequencing (WES) for musculoskeletal disorders is to identify functionally relevant variants. » The current evidence has shown the superiority of NGS over conventional genotyping for identifying novel and rare genetic variants in patients with musculoskeletal disorders, due to its high throughput and low cost. » Genes identified in patients with scoliosis, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and osteogenesis imperfecta using NGS technologies are listed for further reference.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhavuk Garg
- Department of Orthopaedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Whole Genome Sequencing Unravels New Genetic Determinants of Early-Onset Familial Osteoporosis and Low BMD in Malta. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13020204. [PMID: 35205249 PMCID: PMC8871631 DOI: 10.3390/genes13020204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Osteoporosis is a skeletal disease with a strong genetic background. The study aimed to identify the genetic determinants of early-onset familial osteoporosis and low bone mineral density (BMD) in a two-generation Maltese family. Methods: Fifteen relatives aged between 28–74 years were recruited. Whole genome sequencing was conducted on 12 relatives and shortlisted variants were genotyped in the Malta Osteoporotic Fracture Study (MOFS) for replication. Results: Sequential variant filtering following a dominant inheritance pattern identified rare missense variants within SELP, TGF-β2 and ADAMTS20, all of which were predicted to be likely pathogenic and participate in osteoimmunology. TGF-β2 c.1136C>T was identified in five individuals from the MOFS in heterozygosity, four of whom had osteopenia/osteoporosis at the lumbar spine and hip, and/or had sustained a low-trauma fracture. Heterozygosity for the ADAMTS20 c.4090A>T was accompanied by lower total hip BMD (p = 0.018) and lower total serum calcium levels in MOFS (p < 0.01), recapitulating the findings from the family. Women carrying at least one copy of the alternative allele (TC/CC) for SELP c.2177T>C exhibited a tendency for lower lumbar spine BMD and/or wrist fracture history relative to women with TT genotype. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the identified variants, alone or in combination, could be causal factors of familial osteoporosis and low BMD, requiring replication in larger collections.
Collapse
|
4
|
Nan JH, Yin LL, Tang ZS, Xiang T, Ma GJ, Li XY, Liu XL, Zhao SH, Liu XD. Identification of novel variants and candidate genes associated with porcine bone mineral density using genome-wide association study. J Anim Sci 2020; 98:5736012. [PMID: 32055823 PMCID: PMC7166125 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pig leg weakness not only causes huge economic losses for producers but also affects animal welfare. However, genes with large effects on pig leg weakness have not been identified and suitable methods to study porcine leg weakness are urgently needed. Bone mineral density (BMD) is an important indicator for determining leg soundness in pigs. Increasing pig BMD is likely to improve pig leg soundness. In this study, porcine BMD was measured using an ultrasound bone densitometer in a population with 212 Danish Landrace pigs and 537 Danish Yorkshires. After genotyping all the individuals using GeneSeek Porcine 50K SNP chip, genetic parameter estimation was performed to evaluate the heritability of BMD. Genome-wide association study and haplotype analysis were also performed to identify the variants and candidate genes associated with porcine BMD. The results showed that the heritability of BMD was 0.21 in Landrace and 0.31 in Yorkshire. Five single-nucleotide polymorphisms on chromosome 6 identified were associated with porcine BMD at suggestive significance level. Two candidate quantitative trait loci (74.47 to 75.33 Mb; 80.20 to 83.83 Mb) and three potential candidate genes (ZBTB40, CNR2, and Lin28a) of porcine BMD were detected in this study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiuhong-H Nan
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Lilin-L Yin
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Zhenshuang-S Tang
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Tao Xiang
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Guanjun-J Ma
- Key Lab of Swine Healthy Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangxi Yangxiang Co., Ltd., Guigang, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Xinyun-Y Li
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolei-L Liu
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Shuhong-H Zhao
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Xiangdong-D Liu
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China.,Key Lab of Swine Healthy Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangxi Yangxiang Co., Ltd., Guigang, Guangxi, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liu H, Zhao H, Lin H, Li Z, Xue H, Zhang Y, Lu J. Relationship of COL9A1 and SOX9 Genes with Genetic Susceptibility of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis. Calcif Tissue Int 2020; 106:248-255. [PMID: 31732751 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-019-00629-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
As one of the most common types of osteoporosis, postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) is caused by both genetic and environmental factors. Previous studies have indicated that SOX9 activity is tightly regulated to ensure normal bone mineral density (BMD) in the adult skeleton, and the COL9A1 promoter region can be transactivated by SOX9. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential association between PMOP and the COL9A1 and SOX9 genes. A total of 10,443 postmenopausal women, including 2288 patients and 3557 controls in the discovery stage and 1566 patients and 3032 controls in the validation stage, were recruited. Forty-three tag SNPs (36 in COL9A1 and 7 in SOX9) were selected for genotyping to evaluate the association of the SOX9 gene with PMOP and BMD. Association and bioinformatics analyses were performed for PMOP. BMD and serum level of SOX9 were also utilized as quantitative phenotypes in further analyses. SNP rs73354570 of SOX9 was significantly associated with PMOP in both discovery stages (OR 1.24 [1.10-1.39], P = 3.56 × 10-4, χ2 = 12.75) and combined samples (OR 1.25 [1.15-1.37], P = 5.25 × 10-7, χ2 = 25.17). Further analyses showed that the SNP was also significantly associated with BMD and serum levels of the SOX9 protein. Our results provide further supportive evidence for the association of the SOX9 gene with PMOP and of the SOX9 gene with the variation of BMD in postmenopausal Han Chinese women. This study supports a role for SOX9 in the etiology of PMOP, adding to the current understanding of the susceptibility of osteoporosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Liu
- Department of Orthopedic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.277, Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Trauma Orthopedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, No.555, Youyi East Road, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hongmou Zhao
- Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, No.555, Youyi East Road, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hua Lin
- Department of Trauma Orthopedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, No.555, Youyi East Road, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhong Li
- Department of Trauma Orthopedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, No.555, Youyi East Road, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hanzhong Xue
- Department of Trauma Orthopedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, No.555, Youyi East Road, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yunzhi Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.157, Xiwu Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, No.555, Youyi East Road, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yuan J, Tickner J, Mullin BH, Zhao J, Zeng Z, Morahan G, Xu J. Advanced Genetic Approaches in Discovery and Characterization of Genes Involved With Osteoporosis in Mouse and Human. Front Genet 2019; 10:288. [PMID: 31001327 PMCID: PMC6455049 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a complex condition with contributions from, and interactions between, multiple genetic loci and environmental factors. This review summarizes key advances in the application of genetic approaches for the identification of osteoporosis susceptibility genes. Genome-wide linkage analysis (GWLA) is the classical approach for identification of genes that cause monogenic diseases; however, it has shown limited success for complex diseases like osteoporosis. In contrast, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have successfully identified over 200 osteoporosis susceptibility loci with genome-wide significance, and have provided most of the candidate genes identified to date. Phenome-wide association studies (PheWAS) apply a phenotype-to-genotype approach which can be used to complement GWAS. PheWAS is capable of characterizing the association between osteoporosis and uncommon and rare genetic variants. Another alternative approach, whole genome sequencing (WGS), will enable the discovery of uncommon and rare genetic variants in osteoporosis. Meta-analysis with increasing statistical power can offer greater confidence in gene searching through the analysis of combined results across genetic studies. Recently, new approaches to gene discovery include animal phenotype based models such as the Collaborative Cross and ENU mutagenesis. Site-directed mutagenesis and genome editing tools such as CRISPR/Cas9, TALENs and ZNFs have been used in functional analysis of candidate genes in vitro and in vivo. These resources are revolutionizing the identification of osteoporosis susceptibility genes through the use of genetically defined inbred mouse libraries, which are screened for bone phenotypes that are then correlated with known genetic variation. Identification of osteoporosis-related susceptibility genes by genetic approaches enables further characterization of gene function in animal models, with the ultimate aim being the identification of novel therapeutic targets for osteoporosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinbo Yuan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jennifer Tickner
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Benjamin H Mullin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Jinmin Zhao
- Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhiyu Zeng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Grant Morahan
- Centre for Diabetes Research, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jiake Xu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mäkitie RE, Costantini A, Kämpe A, Alm JJ, Mäkitie O. New Insights Into Monogenic Causes of Osteoporosis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:70. [PMID: 30858824 PMCID: PMC6397842 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis, characterized by deteriorated bone microarchitecture and low bone mineral density, is a chronic skeletal disease with high worldwide prevalence. Osteoporosis related to aging is the most common form and causes significant morbidity and mortality. Rare, monogenic forms of osteoporosis have their onset usually in childhood or young adulthood and have specific phenotypic features and clinical course depending on the underlying cause. The most common form is osteogenesis imperfecta linked to mutations in COL1A1 and COL1A2, the two genes encoding type I collagen. However, in the past years, remarkable advancements in bone research have expanded our understanding of the intricacies behind bone metabolism and identified novel molecular mechanisms contributing to skeletal health and disease. Especially high-throughput sequencing techniques have made family-based studies an efficient way to identify single genes causative of rare monogenic forms of osteoporosis and these have yielded several novel genes that encode proteins partaking in type I collagen modification or regulating bone cell function directly. New forms of monogenic osteoporosis, such as autosomal dominant osteoporosis caused by WNT1 mutations or X-linked osteoporosis due to PLS3 mutations, have revealed previously unidentified bone-regulating proteins and clarified specific roles of bone cells, expanded our understanding of possible inheritance mechanisms and paces of disease progression, and highlighted the potential of monogenic bone diseases to extend beyond the skeletal tissue. The novel gene discoveries have introduced new challenges to the classification and diagnosis of monogenic osteoporosis, but also provided promising new molecular targets for development of pharmacotherapies. In this article we give an overview of the recent discoveries in the area of monogenic forms of osteoporosis, describing the key cellular mechanisms leading to skeletal fragility, the major recent research findings and the essential challenges and avenues in future diagnostics and treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riikka E. Mäkitie
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alice Costantini
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Kämpe
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jessica J. Alm
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Outi Mäkitie
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and HUS Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Outi Mäkitie
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kumar KVSH. Pan-Indian Reference Database for the Diagnosis of Osteoporosis: A Need Indeed. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2018; 22:577-578. [PMID: 30294562 PMCID: PMC6166561 DOI: 10.4103/ijem.ijem_483_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K. V. S. Hari Kumar
- Department of Endocrinology, Command Hospital (WC), Chandimandir, Haryana, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Xiao X, Roohani D, Wu Q. Genetic profiling of decreased bone mineral density in an independent sample of Caucasian women. Osteoporos Int 2018; 29:1807-1814. [PMID: 29713799 PMCID: PMC6093295 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-018-4546-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Genetic risk of low bone mineral density in women remains unclear. This study found that a large percentage of Caucasian women have a high genetic risk of osteoporosis, and genetic risk scores are significantly associated with BMD variation in a bone healthy sample of Caucasian women. INTRODUCTION We aimed to examine the distribution of risk alleles in an independent sample and to determine if such genetic components are associated with bone mineral density (BMD) variation in the sample. METHODS Existing genotype data of 1205 women in the cross-sectional Genomic Wide Scans for Female Osteoporosis Gene Study (GWSFO) were analyzed. Multi-loci genetic risk scores (GRSs) based on 62 BMD-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were calculated. Regression analysis was employed to assess the association between GRSs and BMD. To examine the effect of SNPs clustered within key pathways associated with the development of osteoporosis, subtype weighted GRS specific to WNT signaling (6 SNPs), RANK-RANKL-OPG (3 SNPs), and mesenchymal stem differentiation (3 SNPs) were generated for analysis. RESULTS The unweighted GRS ranged from 48 to 80. One third of the women carried 66% risk alleles. After adjusting for age, height, and body weight, each unit increase of weighted GRS was associated with a decrease in BMD of 0.097 at femur (p < 0.0001) and 0.110 (p < 0.0001) at lumbar spine. The weighted GRS accounted for only 3.17-4.52% of BMD variance. The WNT signaling pathway GRS (6 SNPs) and the RANK-RANKL-OPG signaling pathway GRS (3 SNPs) both were significantly associated with decreased BMD at femur neck (p = 0.0004 and p = 0.0063, respectively) and lumbar spine (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0001, respectively), while the mesenchymal stem cell differentiation pathway (3 SNPs) GRSs were associated only with the lumbar spine BMD (p = 0.045). CONCLUSIONS A substantially large percentage of healthy Caucasian women have a high genetic risk of osteoporosis. Weighted GRS was significantly associated with decreased BMD. The contribution of subtype GRS to the BMD variation differs by specific biological pathway and skeletal regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X Xiao
- Nevada Institute of Personalized Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas, 4505 Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, NV, 89154-4009, USA
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, 4505 Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, NV, 89154-4009, USA
| | - D Roohani
- Nevada Institute of Personalized Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas, 4505 Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, NV, 89154-4009, USA
| | - Q Wu
- Nevada Institute of Personalized Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas, 4505 Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, NV, 89154-4009, USA.
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, 4505 Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, NV, 89154-4009, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
A population-based approach to assess the heritability and distribution of renal handling of electrolytes. Kidney Int 2017; 92:1536-1543. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2017.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
11
|
Rothammer S, Bernau M, Kremer-Rücker PV, Medugorac I, Scholz AM. Genome-wide QTL mapping results for regional DXA body composition and bone mineral density traits in pigs. Arch Anim Breed 2017. [DOI: 10.5194/aab-60-51-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract. In a previous study, genome-wide mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTL) for five body composition traits, three bone mineral traits and live weight was performed using whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) data. Since QTL for bone mineral traits were rare, the current study aimed to clarify whether the mapping results were influenced by the analysed body regions. Thus, the same material (551 pigs) and methods as in the whole-body QTL mapping study were used. However, for evaluation of the DXA scans, we manually defined two body regions: (i) from the last ribs to the pelvis (A) and (ii) including the pelvis and the hind limbs (P). Since live weight was not affected by the regional analysis, it was omitted from the QTL mapping design. Our results show an overall high consistency of mapping results especially for body composition traits. Two thirds of the initial whole-body QTL are significant for both A and P. Possible causes for the still low number of bone mineral QTL and the lower consistency found for these traits are discussed. For body composition traits, the data presented here show high genome-wide Pearson correlations between mapping results that are based on DXA scans with the time-saving whole-body standard setting and mapping results for DXA data that were obtained by time-consuming manual definition of the regions of interest. However, our results also suggest that whole-body or regional DXA scans might generally be less suitable for mapping of bone mineral traits in pigs. An analysis of single reference bones could be more useful.
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disorder that is characterized by low bone mass and micro-architectural deterioration of bone tissue. Fractures of the proximal femur, the vertebrae and the distal radius are the most frequent osteoporotic fractures, although most fractures in the elderly are probably at least partly related to bone fragility. The incidence of fractures varies greatly by country, but on average up to 50% of women >50 years of age are at risk of fractures. Fractures severely affect the quality of life of an individual and are becoming a major public health problem owing to the ageing population. Postmenopausal osteoporosis, resulting from oestrogen deficiency, is the most common type of osteoporosis. Oestrogen deficiency results in an increase in bone turnover owing to effects on all types of bone cells. The imbalance in bone formation and resorption has effects on trabecular bone (loss of connectivity) and cortical bone (cortical thinning and porosity). Osteoporosis is diagnosed using bone density measurements of the lumbar spine and proximal femur. Preventive strategies to improve bone health include diet, exercise and abstaining from smoking. Fractures may be prevented by reducing falls in high-risk populations. Several drugs are licensed to reduce fracture risk by slowing down bone resorption (such as bisphosphonates and denosumab) or by stimulating bone formation (such as teriparatide). Improved understanding of the cellular basis for osteoporosis has resulted in new drugs targeted to key pathways, which are under development.
Collapse
|
13
|
Boudin E, Fijalkowski I, Hendrickx G, Van Hul W. Genetic control of bone mass. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 432:3-13. [PMID: 26747728 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Bone mineral density (BMD) is a quantitative traits used as a surrogate phenotype for the diagnosis of osteoporosis, a common metabolic disorder characterized by increased fracture risk as a result of a decreased bone mass and deterioration of the microarchitecture of the bone. Normal variation in BMD is determined by both environmental and genetic factors. According to heritability studies, 50-85% of the variance in BMD is controlled by genetic factors which are mostly polygenic. In contrast to the complex etiology of osteoporosis, there are disorders with deviating BMD values caused by one mutation with a large impact. These mutations can result in monogenic bone disorders with either an extreme high (sclerosteosis, Van Buchem disease, osteopetrosis, high bone mass phenotype) or low BMD (osteogenesis imperfecta, juvenile osteoporosis, primary osteoporosis). Identification of the disease causing genes, increased the knowledge on the regulation of BMD and highlighted important signaling pathways and novel therapeutic targets such as sclerostin, RANKL and cathepsin K. Genetic variation in genes involved in these pathways are often also involved in the regulation of normal variation in BMD and osteoporosis susceptibility. In the last decades, identification of genetic factors regulating BMD has proven to be a challenge. Several approaches have been tested such as linkage studies and candidate and genome wide association studies. Although, throughout the years, technological developments made it possible to study increasing numbers of genetic variants in populations with increasing sample sizes at the same time, only a small fraction of the genetic impact can yet be explained. In order to elucidate the missing heritability, the focus shifted to studying the role of rare variants, copy number variations and epigenetic influences. This review summarizes the genetic cause of different monogenic bone disorders with deviating BMD and the knowledge on genetic factors explaining normal variation in BMD and osteoporosis risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eveline Boudin
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Igor Fijalkowski
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Gretl Hendrickx
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Wim Van Hul
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Athanasiadis G, Arranz L, Ziyatdinov A, Brunel H, Camacho M, Malouf J, Sosa NHD, Vila L, Casademont J, Soria JM. Exploring correlation between bone metabolism markers and densitometric traits in extended families from Spain. Bone 2016; 90:1-6. [PMID: 27241279 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2016.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a common multifactorial disorder characterized by low bone mass and reduced bone strength that may cause fragility fractures. In recent years, there have been substantial advancements in the biochemical monitoring of bone metabolism through the measurement of bone turnover markers. Currently, good knowledge of the genetics of such markers has become an indispensable part of osteoporosis research. In this study, we used the Genetic Analysis of Osteoporosis Project to study the genetics of the plasma levels of 12 markers related to bone metabolism and osteoporosis. Plasma phenotypes were determined through biochemical assays and log-transformed values were used together with a set of covariates to model genetic and environmental contributions to phenotypic variation, thus estimating the heritability of each trait. In addition, we studied correlations between the 12 markers and a wide variety of previously described densitometric traits. All of the 12 bone metabolism markers showed significant heritability, ranging from 0.194 for osteocalcin to 0.516 for sclerostin after correcting for covariate effects. Strong genetic correlations were observed between osteocalcin and several bone mineral densitometric traits, a finding with potentially useful diagnostic applications. In addition, suggestive genetic correlations with densitometric traits were observed for leptin and sclerostin. Overall, the few strong and several suggestive genetic correlations point out the existence of a complex underlying genetic architecture for bone metabolism plasma phenotypes and provide a strong motivation for pursuing novel whole-genome gene-mapping strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Athanasiadis
- Unit of Genomics of Complex Diseases, Institute of Biomedical Research, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Laura Arranz
- Unit of Genomics of Complex Diseases, Institute of Biomedical Research, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrey Ziyatdinov
- Unit of Genomics of Complex Diseases, Institute of Biomedical Research, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Helena Brunel
- Unit of Genomics of Complex Diseases, Institute of Biomedical Research, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercedes Camacho
- Laboratory of Angiology, Vascular Biology and Inflammation, Institute of Biomedical Research, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jorge Malouf
- Departament of Internal Medicine, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Luis Vila
- Laboratory of Angiology, Vascular Biology and Inflammation, Institute of Biomedical Research, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Casademont
- Departament of Internal Medicine, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose Manuel Soria
- Unit of Genomics of Complex Diseases, Institute of Biomedical Research, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hernandez-de Sosa N, Athanasiadis G, Malouf J, Laiz A, Marin A, Herrera S, Farrerons J, Soria JM, Casademont J. Genetic Contribution of Femoral Neck Bone Geometry to the Risk of Developing Osteoporosis: A Family-Based Study. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154833. [PMID: 27163365 PMCID: PMC4862643 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Femoral neck geometry parameters are believed to be as good as bone mineral density as independent factors in predicting hip fracture risk. This study was conducted to analyze the roles of genetic and environmental factors in femoral properties measured in a sample of Spanish families with osteoporotic fractures and extended genealogy. The "Genetic Analysis of Osteoporosis (GAO) Project" involved 11 extended families with a total number of 376 individuals. We studied three categorical phenotypes of particular clinical interest and we used a Hip structural analysis based on DXA to analyze 17 strength and geometrical phenotypes of the hip. All the femoral properties had highly significant heritability, ranging from 0.252 to 0.586. The most significant correlations were observed at the genetic level (ρG). Osteoporotic fracture status (Affected 2) and, particularly, low bone mass and osteoporotic condition (Affected 3) had the highest number of significant genetic correlations with diverse femoral properties. In conclusion, our findings suggest that a relatively simple and easy to use method based on DXA studies can provide useful data on properties of the Hip in clinical practice. Furthermore, our results provide a strong motivation for further studies in order to improve the understanding of the pathophysiological mechanism underlying bone architecture and the genetics of osteoporosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nerea Hernandez-de Sosa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Georgios Athanasiadis
- Department of Genomics of Complex Diseases, Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
- Bioinformatics Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jorge Malouf
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Laiz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Marin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Herrera
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Farrerons
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose Manuel Soria
- Department of Genomics of Complex Diseases, Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Casademont
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
Osteoporosis is characterized by low bone mass and an increased risk of fracture. Genetic factors, environmental factors and gene-environment interactions all contribute to a person's lifetime risk of developing an osteoporotic fracture. This Review summarizes key advances in understanding of the genetics of bone traits and their role in osteoporosis. Candidate-gene approaches dominated this field 20 years ago, but clinical and preclinical genetic studies published in the past 5 years generally utilize more-sophisticated and better-powered genome-wide association studies (GWAS). High-throughput DNA sequencing, large genomic databases and improved methods of data analysis have greatly accelerated the gene-discovery process. Linkage analyses of single-gene traits that segregate in families with extreme phenotypes have led to the elucidation of critical pathways controlling bone mass. For example, components of the Wnt-β-catenin signalling pathway have been validated (in both GWAS and functional studies) as contributing to various bone phenotypes. These notable advances in gene discovery suggest that the next decade will witness cataloguing of the hundreds of genes that influence bone mass and osteoporosis, which in turn will provide a roadmap for the development of new drugs that target diseases of low bone mass, including osteoporosis.
Collapse
|
17
|
Mignon-Grasteau S, Chantry-Darmon C, Boscher MY, Sellier N, Chabault-Dhuit M, Le Bihan-Duval E, Narcy A. Genetic determinism of bone and mineral metabolism in meat-type chickens: A QTL mapping study. Bone Rep 2016; 5:43-50. [PMID: 28326346 PMCID: PMC4926819 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal integrity in meat-type chickens is affected by many factors including rapid growth rate, nutrition and genetics. To investigate the genetic basis of bone and mineral metabolism, a QTL detection study was conducted in an intercross between two lines of meat-type chickens divergently selected for their high (D +) or low (D -) digestive efficiency. Tibia size (length, diameter, volume) and ash content were determined at 3 weeks of age as well as phosphorus (P) retention and plasma concentration. Heritability of these traits and their genetic correlations with digestive efficiency were estimated. A QTL mapping study was performed using 3379 SNP markers. Tibia size, weight, ash content and breaking strength were highly heritable (0.42 to 0.61). Relative tibia diameter and volume as well as P retention were strongly and positively genetically correlated with digestive efficiency (0.57 to 0.80). A total of 35 QTL were identified (9 for tibia weight, 13 for tibia size, 5 for bone strength, 5 for bone mineralization, 2 for plasma P concentration and 1 for P retention). Six QTL were genome-wide significant, and 3 QTL for tibia relative volume, weight and ash weight on chromosome 6 were fixed, the positive allele coming from the D-line. For two QTL for ash content on chromosome 18 and relative tibia length on chromosome 26, the confidence intervals were small enough to identify potential candidate genes. These findings support the evidence of multiple genetic loci controlling bone and mineral metabolism. The identification of candidate genes may provide new perspectives in the understanding of bone regulation, even beyond avian species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Agnès Narcy
- INRA, UR83 Recherches Avicoles, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Garfinkel BP, Arad S, Le PT, Bustin M, Rosen CJ, Gabet Y, Orly J. Proportionate Dwarfism in Mice Lacking Heterochromatin Protein 1 Binding Protein 3 (HP1BP3) Is Associated With Alterations in the Endocrine IGF-1 Pathway. Endocrinology 2015; 156:4558-70. [PMID: 26402843 PMCID: PMC5393342 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Heterochromatin protein 1 binding protein 3 (HP1BP3) is a recently described histone H1-related protein with roles in chromatin structure and transcriptional regulation. To explore the potential physiological role of HP1BP3, we have previously described an Hp1bp3(-/-) mouse model with reduced postnatal viability and growth. We now find that these mice are proportionate dwarfs, with reduction in body weight, body length, and organ weight. In addition to their small size, microcomputed tomography analysis showed that Hp1bp3(-/-) mice present a dramatic impairment of their bone development and structure. By 3 weeks of age, mice of both sexes have severely impaired cortical and trabecular bone, and these defects persist into adulthood and beyond. Primary cultures of both osteoblasts and osteoclasts from Hp1bp3(-/-) bone marrow and splenocytes, respectively, showed normal differentiation and function, strongly suggesting that the impaired bone accrual is due to noncell autonomous systemic cues in vivo. One major endocrine pathway regulating both body growth and bone acquisition is the IGF regulatory system, composed of IGF-1, the IGF receptors, and the IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs). At 3 weeks of age, Hp1bp3(-/-) mice exhibited a 60% reduction in circulating IGF-1 and a 4-fold increase in the levels of IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-2. These alterations were reflected in similar changes in the hepatic transcripts of the Igf1, Igfbp1, and Igfbp2 genes. Collectively, these results suggest that HP1BP3 plays a key role in normal growth and bone development by regulating transcription of endocrine IGF-1 components.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin P. Garfinkel
- Department of Biological Chemistry (B.P.G., S.A., J.O.), The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel; Center for Clinical and Translational Research (P.T.L., C.J.R.), Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine 04074; Protein Section (M.B.), Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; and Department of Anatomy and Anthropology (Y.G.), Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 64239, Israel
| | - Shiri Arad
- Department of Biological Chemistry (B.P.G., S.A., J.O.), The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel; Center for Clinical and Translational Research (P.T.L., C.J.R.), Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine 04074; Protein Section (M.B.), Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; and Department of Anatomy and Anthropology (Y.G.), Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 64239, Israel
| | - Phuong T. Le
- Department of Biological Chemistry (B.P.G., S.A., J.O.), The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel; Center for Clinical and Translational Research (P.T.L., C.J.R.), Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine 04074; Protein Section (M.B.), Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; and Department of Anatomy and Anthropology (Y.G.), Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 64239, Israel
| | - Michael Bustin
- Department of Biological Chemistry (B.P.G., S.A., J.O.), The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel; Center for Clinical and Translational Research (P.T.L., C.J.R.), Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine 04074; Protein Section (M.B.), Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; and Department of Anatomy and Anthropology (Y.G.), Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 64239, Israel
| | - Clifford J. Rosen
- Department of Biological Chemistry (B.P.G., S.A., J.O.), The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel; Center for Clinical and Translational Research (P.T.L., C.J.R.), Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine 04074; Protein Section (M.B.), Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; and Department of Anatomy and Anthropology (Y.G.), Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 64239, Israel
| | | | | |
Collapse
|