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Biehl C, Schmitt J, Stoetzel S, Malhan D, Hassan F, Knapp G, Heiss C, El Khassawna T. DXA reference values of the humanoid sheep model in preclinical studies. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11183. [PMID: 33986984 PMCID: PMC8092102 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Merino land sheep are a popular pre-clinical large animal model in research on systemic skeletal diseases such as osteoporosis. Interpretation of studies is difficult because many reference parameters are missing or not established. This study aims to determine the reference parameters of the skeletal system (peak bone mass = PBM, T-Score). A defined standard allows an easier comparison of the study data of the animal model with human studies (T-Score). Materials and methods A total of 116 Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry DXA measurements were performed on 74 untreated sheep. The average age of the animals was 57 months. The BMD, BMC, and fat content of the sheep were determined by the relevant human region of interest (ROI). From this, the PBM and from this the T-score for each of the animals were calculated. Results Using 682 DXA measurements BMD and BMC were determined to provide an indication to PBM. For BMD a significant correlation to the age of the animals was observed (p = 0.043). A significant correlation was also seen for BMC (B) (p ≤ 0.001). In the age-dependent analysis, a widespread of values above the linear regression line was measured for both BMD and BMC between the 50th and 90th months of life. From an age of about 90 months, a wider spread of values below the linear regression line was found, although the average values continued to rise. Discussion The evaluation of the 116 DXA measurements allowed the determination of the PBM for merino land sheep. With the help of the PBM, a T-score was calculated for each animal. The statistical analysis shows significant differences in BMD values between the different animal groups in each of the four ROIs investigated. Individual control or sham groups per study are therefore not sufficient. To improve comparability, an independent reference group should be established. Conclusion An independent reference group for PBM and a T-score was established from four to six-year-old animals. The bone density increases with the age of the animals. Around the fourth year of life, a first peak could be observed. Also, after the seventh year of life, a further peak with the beginning plateau phase was observed. When compiling a group of animals for an osteoporosis model, animals from the age of seven years should, therefore, be used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Biehl
- Department of Trauma-, Hand- and Reconstructive Surgery, Justus Liebig Universität Gießen, Giessen, Hesse, Germany.,Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus Liebig Universität Gießen, Giessen, Hesse, Germany
| | - Jakob Schmitt
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus Liebig Universität Gießen, Giessen, Hesse, Germany
| | - Sabine Stoetzel
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus Liebig Universität Gießen, Giessen, Hesse, Germany
| | - Deeksha Malhan
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus Liebig Universität Gießen, Giessen, Hesse, Germany
| | - Fathi Hassan
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus Liebig Universität Gießen, Giessen, Hesse, Germany
| | - Gero Knapp
- Department of Trauma-, Hand- and Reconstructive Surgery, Justus Liebig Universität Gießen, Giessen, Hesse, Germany.,Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus Liebig Universität Gießen, Giessen, Hesse, Germany
| | - Christian Heiss
- Department of Trauma-, Hand- and Reconstructive Surgery, Justus Liebig Universität Gießen, Giessen, Hesse, Germany.,Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus Liebig Universität Gießen, Giessen, Hesse, Germany
| | - Thaqif El Khassawna
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus Liebig Universität Gießen, Giessen, Hesse, Germany
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Ayyappan S, Niveditha B, Breur GJ. Determination of baseline bone mineral density using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry in Suffolk-Dorset hybrid ewes. Int J Vet Sci Med 2017; 5:41-46. [PMID: 30255047 PMCID: PMC6137841 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijvsm.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) has the ability to rapidly and non-invasively measure bone mineral density and is the most widely accepted method for quantitative assessment of bone mineral status in vivo. There is scarce information available on the baseline bone mineral density (BMD) values in adult intact Suffolk Dorset ewes (5-7 years), a frequently used animal model for the study of post-menopausal osteoporosis. The objective of the present study was to determine the baseline bone mineral density values in 26 adult intact Suffolk-Dorset hybrid ewes using a Lunar Prodigy DPX x-ray bone densitometer. The DEXA scans of the femur, lumbar spine (L3-L6) and calcaneus were obtained. Because of the low variability between the scans for the lumbar vertebrae and calcaneus in the first two animals, only two scans were obtained for the remaining animals of the study. The femoral scans were rejected due to high variability between the scans. The BMD was calculated using the standard GE antero-posterior human spine acquisition software. The bone mineral densities of regions of interest (ROIs) were compared by the Bonferroni significant difference technique. The results of the study demonstrated that the BMD progressively reduced from L3 to L6 and a strong correlation was found between the BMD values for the ROIs from L3 to L6. The present study provided a precise and rapid method for measuring the BMD of the lumbar spine in Suffolk-Dorset breed of sheep and recorded reference values in adult sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subburamanujam Ayyappan
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, IN 47907, United States
| | - Bharathi Niveditha
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai 7, India
| | - Gert J Breur
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, IN 47907, United States
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Zotti A, Gianesella M, Ceccato C, Morgante M. Physiological values and factors affecting the metacarpal bone density of healthy feedlot beef cattle as measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2011; 94:615-22. [PMID: 19906131 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2009.00946.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The metacarpal bone mineral density of 136 healthy feedlot beef cattle of four different breeds (Charolaise, Limousine, Irish Crossbreed and Slovakian Crossbreed) raised and fed on standard conditions was measured by means of a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry technique in an ex vivo study design. The average reference values (mean ± SD) of bone mineral density (BMD) for animals aged between 12 and 22 months and weighing between 236 and 546 kg have been reported and the effects of (i) breed, (ii) gender, (iii) age and (iv) body weight on bone mineral density have been considered. A significant difference (i) among different breeds and (ii) between genders resulted, whereas a high correlation between bone density and (iii) age and (iv) body weight was detected within the same breed and gender, with body weight being the most important factor affecting BMD. A modern new technological insight into the study of bovine bone physio-pathology is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zotti
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Radiology Unit, University of Padua, Viale dell'Università, Legnaro (Padua), Italy.
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Jenner F, Kirker-Head C. Core decompression of the equine navicular bone: an in vitro biomechanical study. Vet Surg 2011; 40:163-70. [PMID: 21204856 DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-950x.2010.00766.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of core decompression surgery and bone mineral density (BMD) on the mechanical properties of equine navicular bones. STUDY DESIGN Experimental, in vitro study. SAMPLE POPULATION Fore limb navicular bones (n=36 pairs) from sound 2-5-year-old horses with no radiographic abnormalities of the distal aspect of the forelimbs. METHODS Navicular BMD was measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. One randomly assigned navicular bone from each pair served as control. The contralateral test specimen was allocated to 1 of 6 treatment groups defined by drill bit size (3.2 versus 2.5 mm diameter) and by the number of drill channels (1, 2, or 3) created in the proximal border of the bone. Bones were then tested until failure in 3-point bending. Data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and regression analysis. RESULTS There were significant (P<.001) positive correlations between BMD and biomechanical data. A significant (P<.001) reduction in breaking strength was noted between intact and drilled bone pairs; however, the diameter and number of decompression channels did not significantly (P>.05) influence the extent of the reduction in mechanical strength. CONCLUSION In vitro core decompression significantly decreases the breaking strength of the equine navicular bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florien Jenner
- Department of Large Animal Surgery, University College Dublin, Ireland.
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Zotti A, Poggi R, Cozzi B. Exceptional bone density DXA values of the rostrum of a deep-diving marine mammal: a new technical insight in the adaptation of bone to aquatic life. Skeletal Radiol 2009; 38:1123-5. [PMID: 19198832 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-009-0647-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2008] [Revised: 12/30/2008] [Accepted: 01/03/2009] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Zotti
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Radiology Unit, Viale dell'Università 16, University of Padua, 35020 Legnaro, Padua, Italy.
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Stevenson KT, van Tets IG. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) can accurately and nondestructively measure the body composition of small, free-living rodents. Physiol Biochem Zool 2008; 81:373-82. [PMID: 18419562 DOI: 10.1086/587096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is a nondestructive technique that can potentially measure specific components of whole-body composition in free-living and lab-raised animals. Our aim was to test the ability of DXA to measure the composition of a common arvicoline rodent, the northern red-backed vole (Clethrionomys rutilus). We used a DXA apparatus to obtain measurements of fat mass (FM), lean mass (LM),bone mineral content, bone mineral density, and fat-free mass(FFM) in carcasses of free-living and lab-raised voles. We then used chemical carcass analysis to derive predictive algorithms for actual values of FM, total body water, total protein, total mineral, LM, and FFM. Unexplained error in the equations for all voles grouped collectively ranged from R(2) = 0.82 to R(2) = 0.98. The DXA FM measurement had the highest coefficient of variation, and it was higher for free-living voles than for lab-raised voles. However, FM can be determined by difference with excellent precision by using the FFM equation (R(2) = 0.98). We also derived corrective terms for passive integrated transponder-tagged animals. Thus, DXA is a nonlethal, nondestructive tool capable of precisely and accurately measuring many specific parameters of whole-body composition in small free-living and lab-raised rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalb T Stevenson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alaska, 3211 Providence Drive, Ecosystems Biomedical Building 130, Anchorage, Alaska 99508, USA.
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In vivo quantification of fat content in mice using the Hologic QDR 4500A densitometer. Obes Res Clin Pract 2007; 1:1-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2006.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2006] [Revised: 11/08/2006] [Accepted: 11/09/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Keene BE, Knowlton KF, McGilliard ML, Lawrence LA, Nickols-Richardson SM, Wilson JH, Rutledge AM, McDowell LR, Van Amburgh ME. Measures of Bone Mineral Content in Mature Dairy Cows. J Dairy Sci 2004; 87:3816-25. [PMID: 15483166 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(04)73521-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this investigation were to assess the relationship between chemical measures and imaging estimates (radiographic photometry and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry) of bone mineral content in dairy cows and to evaluate the effects of parity, stage of lactation, and site of measurement (fused third and fourth metacarpal bone vs. caudal vertebrae 14 and 15) on bone mineral content. In a preliminary study, the caudal vertebrae were excised from 33 cows following slaughter. Samples were analyzed by radiographic photometry and then analyzed for mineral content chemically. In a second experiment, the caudal vertebrae and right front metacarpal (sample pairs) were excised from 107 Holstein cull cows following slaughter. Parity and days in milk (DIM) of the donor animals were obtained for 43 pairs of samples. Samples were grouped by parity (1, 2, 3, and >or=4) stage of lactation (Stage 1: <90 DIM, Stage 2: 90 to 150 DIM, Stage 3: 151 to 250 DIM, and Stage 4: >250 DIM). Samples were analyzed by radiographic photometry and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and then analyzed for mineral content chemically. In both experiments, the relationship between mineral content estimated via the imaging techniques and mineral content measured chemically was poor, likely because of the relative maturity of animals in the sample set and lack of variation in mineral content. Ash content was higher in the metacarpal than in the caudal vertebrae, as were concentrations of Mg (expressed as a proportion of bone ash). No effects of stage of lactation were observed on bone mineral in the caudal vertebrae, but in the metacarpal, P content (proportion of total mineral) was highest in second lactation cows. Total bone mineral content (ash) was not affected by parity in the metacarpal or caudal vertebra, but Ca and P content of the metacarpal increased with parity. Noninvasive imaging techniques are not sufficiently sensitive to detect changes in mineral content or composition of mature cows, and only modest changes in bone mineral were observed with stage of lactation and parity.
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Affiliation(s)
- B E Keene
- Department of Dairy Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg 24061, USA
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Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry of the pig: Protocol development and evaluation. Meat Sci 2004; 68:235-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2004.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2004] [Revised: 03/04/2004] [Accepted: 03/04/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Dirrigl FJ, Dalsky GP, Warner SE. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry of birds: an examination of excised skeletal specimens. JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE. A, PHYSIOLOGY, PATHOLOGY, CLINICAL MEDICINE 2004; 51:313-9. [PMID: 15485568 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0442.2004.00643.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The ability of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to measure bone mineral content and density of bird bones has received little attention. This paper represents the first comprehensive study of the methods, precision, and reproducibility of DXA (GE-Lunar DPX-L) for the uniquely shaped, thin and pneumatic bones of birds. Skeletal elements and portions represented by 26 regions of interest (ROIs) are presented and evaluated for the gallinaceous bird species, wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo), ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus) and bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus). Using Lunar small animal software and the methods described in this paper, photodensitometry of bird bones is possible and opens new opportunities for using birds in clinical models in veterinarian science, osteoporosis studies, space biology, and even archaeological and paleontological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Dirrigl
- Biology and Environmental Theories and Applications Programs, Teikyo Post University, 800 Country Club Road, PO Box 2540, Waterbury, CT 06723-2540, USA.
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Hoffmann U, Kwait DC, Handwerker J, Chan R, Lamuraglia G, Brady TJ. Vascular Calcification in ex Vivo Carotid Specimens: Precision and Accuracy of Measurements with Multi–Detector Row CT. Radiology 2003; 229:375-81. [PMID: 14526093 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2292021016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To test the accuracy and precision of multi-detector row computed tomography (CT)-derived measurements of vascular calcification in ex vivo human carotid endarterectomy (CEA) specimens. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixteen ex vivo CEA specimens were imaged with multi-detector row CT. Multi-detector row CT-derived calcium scoring algorithms (ie, mineral mass and volume score) were compared with the mass and volume of ashed remnants of the CEA specimens. Bland-Altman analysis was performed to assess the mean (ie, bias) and SD (ie, precision) of differences between multi-detector row CT- and ashing-derived measurements. In addition, conventional Agatston score, volume score, mineral mass, and modified Agatston score were calculated for each specimen by using a number of scanning protocols. Images were obtained at a section thickness of 1.25 mm by using different tube energy settings and tube currents. Specimens were also imaged at different section thicknesses with fixed combinations of tube energy and tube current. To compare measurement variability of scoring methods, coefficients of variation for all protocols were calculated. RESULTS Both mean multi-detector row CT-derived mineral mass and mean ashing-derived mineral mass were 0.129 g +/- 0.173 (r = 0.99, P <.001). Mean multi-detector row CT- and ashing-derived volumes were 339.94 mm3 +/- 395.4 and 39.48 mm3 +/- 55.76, respectively (r = 0.95, P <.001). Measurement bias relative to the reference ashing values was high (2,800.0%) for volume score and low (2.58%) for mineral mass. Measurement precision was 0.6% for volume score and greater than 0.0005% for mineral mass. Mean coefficients of variation for all CT protocols were 5.0% +/- 4.2 and 4.9% +/- 4.2 for mineral mass and modified Agatston score, respectively, and 16.0% +/- 9.2 and 14.5% +/- 3.9 for conventional Agatston and volume scores, respectively (P <.001). CONCLUSION Compared with the conventional volume score, multi-detector row CT-derived mineral mass is a less biased and more precise measurement of the mineral content of nonmoving ex vivo CEA specimens. Mineral mass and modified Agatston score are more reproducible than conventional volume and Agatston scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udo Hoffmann
- Departments of Radiology and Vascular Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 100 Charles River Plaza, Suite 400, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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Libouban H, Simon Y, Silve C, Legrand E, Baslé MF, Audran M, Chappard D. Comparison of pencil-, fan-, and cone-beam dual X-ray absorptiometers for evaluation of bone mineral content in excised rat bone. J Clin Densitom 2002; 5:355-61. [PMID: 12665635 DOI: 10.1385/jcd:5:4:355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2001] [Revised: 02/27/2002] [Accepted: 03/05/2002] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to assess the reproducibility and accuracy of measurements done on excised rat bone with three different generations of densitometers: Hologic QDR2000 pencil beam, Hologic QDR4500 fan beam, and Lunar PIXImus cone beam. The coefficients of variation for repeated measurements of bone mineral content (BMC) were 0.62 and 0.85% for pencil beam, 1.73 and 3.59% for fan beam, and 0.70 and 1.52% for cone beam for femur and tibia, respectively. BMC and ash weight were linearly correlated: 0.998 for pencil, 0.984 for fan, and 0.995 for cone beam. However, the three densitometers overestimated BMC by 10.9, 12.6, and 3.1%, respectively, and the overestimation was found to be dependent on the net BMC. The highest coefficient of correlation was found between BMC measurements from pencil and cone beam (r = 0.995). Data from cone-beam DXA were, respectively, 8.8 and 9.2% lower than those from penciland fan-beam DXA. We conclude that the three DXA instruments precisely and accurately measure BMC in excised rat bone; however, DXA overestimates BMC with a dependence on the bone ash weight. This dependence was less pronounced with the cone-beam technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Libouban
- LHEA-GEROM, Laboratoire d'Histologie-Embryologie, CHU & Faculté de Médecine, Angers Cédex, France
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Giavaresi G, Fini M, Martini L, Aldini NN, Rocca M, Torricelli P, Giardino R. Histomorphometric Characterization of Cancellous and Cortical Bone in an Ovariectomized Sheep Model. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2001. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2001.9706756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Thamsborg SM, Hauge EM. Osteopenia and reduced serum alkaline phosphatase activity in grazing lambs naturally infected with gastrointestinal nematodes. J Comp Pathol 2001; 125:192-203. [PMID: 11578136 DOI: 10.1053/jcpa.2001.0498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The effect of gastrointestinal nematode infections on bone development was investigated in growing sheep on pasture. Forty-five weaned lambs from six groups in a two-factorial design incorporating stocking rate (SR; low, medium and high) and presence or absence of infection on pasture were sampled in the late grazing season. Worm counts were performed at slaughter, and the left metacarpal bones were excised for bone assessment. Faecal egg counts and worm burdens, primarily of Ostertagia circumcincta and Trichostrongylus vitrinus, were considerably higher in the high SR infected group ("I-High") than in comparable animals at low or medium SRs, whereas uninfected groups showed negligible egg excretion. Clinical biochemistry revealed significantly reduced serum concentrations of albumin, calcium and alkaline phosphatase in infected lambs. Nematode infections were associated with significant reductions in bone mineral density (30% at high SR), measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, and in bone size (9%). Histomorphometry indicated thinning of the trabecular structure and reduced bone formation in the infected groups, particularly the I-High group. Bone mineral density, bone tissue volume and structural changes were strongly associated with log-transformed worm counts. The study showed that lambs suffering from moderate to heavy degrees of naturally acquired gastrointestinal nematode infection developed marked osteopenia after weaning, i.eduring the later part of the grazing season.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Thamsborg
- Department of Animal Science and Animal Health, Organic Animal Health and Production, Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, 2 Grønnegårdsvej, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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Lauten SD, Cox NR, Brawner WR, Baker HJ. Use of dual energy x-ray absorptiometry for noninvasive body composition measurements in clinically normal dogs. Am J Vet Res 2001; 62:1295-301. [PMID: 11497454 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.2001.62.1295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine quantitative values for components of body composition in clinically normal dogs of various breeds by use of dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and validate the precision and accuracy of DEXA technology in dogs. ANIMALS 103 clinically normal sexually intact adult dogs. PROCEDURE In a cross-sectional study, Beagles, Pembroke Welsh Corgis, Golden Retrievers, Great Danes, Pointers, Rottweilers, and nonpurebred dogs received total body DEXA scans. For the validation portion of the study, the results of DEXA scans of 6 dogs were compared with values obtained by chemical analyses of tissues from euthanatized dogs to determine the accuracy of this modality in dogs. RESULTS Results (coefficient of variation) of the precision tests ranged from 0.10% for lean tissue to 5.19% for fat tissue, whereas accuracy tests revealed a difference between percentage bone mineral content and ash values. Body composition differed by sex, such as higher lean tissue and bone mineral content in males within some breeds, and among breeds. Regardless of body size or weight, the percentage of body weight that was bone mineral ranged from 3 to 4.0% [corrected]. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results of this cross-sectional study provide valuable body composition data for clinically normal adult dogs, which may have research and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Lauten
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, AL 36849, USA
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