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Thuong LHH, Hsu CJ, Chen HT, Kuo YH, Tang CH. Caffeic acid derivative MPMCA suppresses osteoclastogenesis and facilitates osteoclast apoptosis: implications for the treatment of bone loss disorders. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:11926-11938. [PMID: 39189924 PMCID: PMC11386915 DOI: 10.18632/aging.206067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Osteoclast activity plays a crucial role in the pathological mechanisms of osteoporosis and bone remodeling. The treatment of these disorders involves the use of pharmacological medicines that work by inhibiting the activity of osteoclasts. Nevertheless, the prevalent and infrequent negative consequences of current antiresorptive and bone anabolic treatments pose significant drawbacks, hence restricting their prolonged administration in patients, particularly those who are elderly and/or suffer from many medical conditions. We are currently in the process of creating a new molecule called N-(4-methoxyphen) methyl caffeamide (MPMCA), which is a derivative of caffeic acid. This compound has shown potential in preventing the production of osteoclasts and causing existing osteoclasts to undergo cell apoptosis. Our investigation discovered that MPMCA hinders osteoclast function via suppressing the MAPK pathways. The expectation is that the findings of this study will stimulate the advancement of a novel approach to treating anti-resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Huynh Hoai Thuong
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Jung Hsu
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Te Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Sports Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Hsiung Kuo
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Tang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hsinchu Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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2
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Hioki T, Tachi J, Matsushima-Nishiwaki R, Iida H, Kozawa O, Tokuda H. Oncostatin M suppresses bone morphogenetic protein-4-induced osteoprotegerin synthesis in MC3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cells: p70 S6 kinase attenuation. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e4068. [PMID: 38817105 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.4068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Evidence is accumulating that osteal macrophages, in addition to bone-resorbing osteoclasts and bone-forming osteoblasts, participate vitally in bone remodeling process. Oncostatin M (OSM), an inflammatory cytokine belonging to interleukin-6 superfamily, is recognized as an essential factor secreted by osteal macrophages to orchestrate bone remodeling. Osteoprotegerin (OPG) produced by osteoblasts regulates osteoclastogenesis. We have reported that bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP-4) stimulates OPG synthesis in MC3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cells, and that SMAD1/5/8(9), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and p70 S6 kinase are involved in the OPG synthesis. The present study aims to investigate the effect of OSM on the synthesis of OPG stimulated by BMP-4 in osteoblasts. OSM suppressed the release and the mRNA expression of OPG upregulated by BMP-4 in MC3T3-E1 cells. Neither the BMP-4-induced phosphorylation of SMAD1/5/9 nor that of p38 MAPK was affected by OSM. On the other hand, the phosphorylation of p70 S6 kinase stimulated by BMP-4 was considerably suppressed by OSM. These results strongly suggest that OSM suppresses the BMP-4-stimulated OPG synthesis via inhibition of the p70 S6 kinase-mediated pathway in osteoblast-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Hioki
- Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
- Department of Dermatology, Central Japan International Medical Center, Minokamo, Japan
- Department of Metabolic Research, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Junko Tachi
- Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Rie Matsushima-Nishiwaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
- Department of Metabolic Research, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Hiroki Iida
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Osamu Kozawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
- Department of Metabolic Research, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Tokuda
- Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
- Department of Metabolic Research, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hospital, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
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3
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Kemp TD, Besler BA, Gabel L, Boyd SK. Predicting Bone Adaptation in Astronauts during and after Spaceflight. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2183. [PMID: 38004323 PMCID: PMC10672697 DOI: 10.3390/life13112183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A method was previously developed to identify participant-specific parameters in a model of trabecular bone adaptation from longitudinal computed tomography (CT) imaging. In this study, we use these numerical methods to estimate changes in astronaut bone health during the distinct phases of spaceflight and recovery on Earth. Astronauts (N = 16) received high-resolution peripheral quantitative CT (HR-pQCT) scans of their distal tibia prior to launch (L), upon their return from an approximately six-month stay on the international space station (R+0), and after six (R+6) and 12 (R+12) months of recovery. To model trabecular bone adaptation, we determined participant-specific parameters at each time interval and estimated their bone structure at R+0, R+6, and R+12. To assess the fit of our model to this population, we compared static and dynamic bone morphometry as well as the Dice coefficient and symmetric distance at each measurement. In general, modeled and observed static morphometry were highly correlated (R2> 0.94) and statistically different (p < 0.0001) but with errors close to HR-pQCT precision limits. Dynamic morphometry, which captures rates of bone adaptation, was poorly estimated by our model (p < 0.0001). The Dice coefficient and symmetric distance indicated a reasonable local fit between observed and predicted bone volumes. This work applies a general and versatile computational framework to test bone adaptation models. Future work can explore and test increasingly sophisticated models (e.g., those including load or physiological factors) on a participant-specific basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tannis D. Kemp
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Bryce A. Besler
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada
- Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Leigh Gabel
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada
- Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Steven K. Boyd
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada
- Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada
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4
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Wang Z, Feng X, Zhang G, Li H, Zhou F, Xie Y, Li T, Zhao C, Luo W, Xiong Y, Wu Y. Artesunate ameliorates ligature-induced periodontitis by attenuating NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated osteoclastogenesis and enhancing osteogenic differentiation. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 123:110749. [PMID: 37531830 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis, arguably the greatest common infective chronic inflammatory disease, is characterized by an imbalance of the host immune system and excessive osteoclastogenesis activity with severe alveolar bone loss. Nevertheless, in consideration of the harmful effects of repeated treatment, more sensible intervention drugs for periodontitis need to be developed. Artesunate (ART), derived from Artemisia annua L., has shown remarkable pharmacokinetic and clinical value, as well as anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects in various immune and chronic diseases due to its endoperoxide group. However, the role of ART in mediating periodontitis-induced alveolar bone resorption has not been examined. In this study, ART treatment effectively ameliorated ligature-induced periodontitis via attenuating osteoclast formation in a dose-dependent manner. Mechanistically, RNA-seq revealed that ART dramatically reduced the enrichment of NLRP3 inflammasome-related genes. Concordant with our study, MCC950, a specific inhibitor of NLRP3 inflammasome, also greatly restrained osteoclastogenesis, suggesting that ART suppressed osteoclast formation by blocking NLRP3 inflammasome activation. In addition to regulating osteoclastogenesis, ART significantly enhanced osteogenic differentiation by alleviating the expression of cytokines in inflammatory conditions. Our data shed light on the probably potential mechanism of ART treatment for the intervention of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guorui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haiyun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yaxin Xie
- Department of Orthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tianjiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, China
| | - Chengzhi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, China
| | - Wenxin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yingying Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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5
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Swanson WB, Durdan M, Eberle M, Woodbury S, Mauser A, Gregory J, Zhang B, Niemann D, Herremans J, Ma PX, Lahann J, Weivoda M, Mishina Y, Greineder CF. A library of Rhodamine6G-based pH-sensitive fluorescent probes with versatile in vivo and in vitro applications. RSC Chem Biol 2022; 3:748-764. [PMID: 35755193 PMCID: PMC9175114 DOI: 10.1039/d2cb00030j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Acidic pH is critical to the function of the gastrointestinal system, bone-resorbing osteoclasts, and the endolysosomal compartment of nearly every cell in the body. Non-invasive, real-time fluorescence imaging of acidic microenvironments represents a powerful tool for understanding normal cellular biology, defining mechanisms of disease, and monitoring for therapeutic response. While commercially available pH-sensitive fluorescent probes exist, several limitations hinder their widespread use and potential for biologic application. To address this need, we developed a novel library of pH-sensitive probes based on the highly photostable and water-soluble fluorescent molecule, Rhodamine 6G. We demonstrate versatility in terms of both pH sensitivity (i.e., pK a) and chemical functionality, allowing conjugation to small molecules, proteins, nanoparticles, and regenerative biomaterial scaffold matrices. Furthermore, we show preserved pH-sensitive fluorescence following a variety of forms of covalent functionalization and demonstrate three potential applications, both in vitro and in vivo, for intracellular and extracellular pH sensing. Finally, we develop a computation approach for predicting the pH sensitivity of R6G derivatives, which could be used to expand our library and generate probes with novel properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Benton Swanson
- Department of Biologic and Materials Science, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan 1011 North University Avenue Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| | - Margaret Durdan
- Biointerfaces Institute, College of Engineering and Medical School, University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Medical School, University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
| | - Miranda Eberle
- Department of Biologic and Materials Science, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan 1011 North University Avenue Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
- Department of Chemistry, College of Literature, Science and the Arts, University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
| | - Seth Woodbury
- Department of Biologic and Materials Science, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan 1011 North University Avenue Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
- Department of Chemistry, College of Literature, Science and the Arts, University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
| | - Ava Mauser
- Biointerfaces Institute, College of Engineering and Medical School, University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Medical School, University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
| | - Jason Gregory
- Biointerfaces Institute, College of Engineering and Medical School, University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
| | - Boya Zhang
- Biointerfaces Institute, College of Engineering and Medical School, University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
| | - David Niemann
- Department of Biologic and Materials Science, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan 1011 North University Avenue Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
- Department of Chemistry, College of Literature, Science and the Arts, University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
| | - Jacob Herremans
- Department of Biologic and Materials Science, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan 1011 North University Avenue Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
- Department of Chemistry, College of Literature, Science and the Arts, University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
| | - Peter X Ma
- Department of Biologic and Materials Science, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan 1011 North University Avenue Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Medical School, University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering Center, College of Engineering, University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
| | - Joerg Lahann
- Biointerfaces Institute, College of Engineering and Medical School, University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Medical School, University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering Center, College of Engineering, University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
| | - Megan Weivoda
- Biointerfaces Institute, College of Engineering and Medical School, University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
| | - Yuji Mishina
- Department of Biologic and Materials Science, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan 1011 North University Avenue Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| | - Colin F Greineder
- Biointerfaces Institute, College of Engineering and Medical School, University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical School, University of Michigan NCRC 2800 Plymouth Road, Bldg #26 Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
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6
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Kuroyanagi G, Tokuda H, Fujita K, Kawabata T, Sakai G, Kim W, Hioki T, Tachi J, Matsushima-Nishiwaki R, Otsuka T, Iida H, Kozawa O. Upregulation of TGF-β-induced HSP27 by HSP90 inhibitors in osteoblasts. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2022; 23:495. [PMID: 35619094 PMCID: PMC9134601 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-022-05419-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Heat shock protein (HSP) 90 functions as a molecular chaperone and is constitutively expressed and induced in response to stress in many cell types. We have previously demonstrated that transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), the most abundant cytokine in bone cells, induces the expression of HSP27 through Smad2, p44/p42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), p38 MAPK, and stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (SAPK/JNK) in mouse osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. This study investigated the effects of HSP90 on the TGF-β-induced HSP27 expression and the underlying mechanism in mouse osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. Methods Clonal osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells were treated with the HSP90 inhibitors and then stimulated with TGF-β. HSP27 expression and the phosphorylation of Smad2, p44/p42 MAPK, p38 MAPK, and SAPK/JNK were evaluated by western blot analysis. Result HSP90 inhibitors 17-dimethylaminoethylamino-17-demethoxy-geldanamycin (17-DMAG) and onalespib significantly enhanced the TGF-β-induced HSP27 expression. TGF-β inhibitor SB431542 reduced the enhancement by 17-DMAG or onalespib of the TGF-β-induced HSP27 expression levels. HSP90 inhibitors, geldanamycin, onalespib, and 17-DMAG did not affect the TGF-β-stimulated phosphorylation of Smad2. Geldanamycin did not affect the TGF-β-stimulated phosphorylation of p44/p42 MAPK or p38 MAPK but significantly enhanced the TGF-β-stimulated phosphorylation of SAPK/JNK. Onalespib also increased the TGF-β-stimulated phosphorylation of SAPK/JNK. Furthermore, SP600125, a specific inhibitor for SAPK/JNK, significantly suppressed onalespib or geldanamycin’s enhancing effect of the TGF-β-induced HSP27 expression levels. Conclusion Our results strongly suggest that HSP90 inhibitors upregulated the TGF-β-induced HSP27 expression and that these effects of HSP90 inhibitors were mediated through SAPK/JNK pathway in osteoblasts. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12891-022-05419-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen Kuroyanagi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1, Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan. .,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan. .,Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan.
| | - Haruhiko Tokuda
- Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan.,Department of Clinical Laboratory/Medical Genome Center Biobank, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan.,Department of Metabolic Research, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Fujita
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1, Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Tetsu Kawabata
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1, Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Go Sakai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1, Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Woo Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan.,Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Hioki
- Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan.,Department of Dermatology, Kizawa Memorial Hospital, Minokamo, Japan
| | - Junko Tachi
- Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan.,Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | | | - Takanobu Otsuka
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1, Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Hiroki Iida
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Osamu Kozawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
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7
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Baranowsky A, Jahn D, Jiang S, Yorgan T, Ludewig P, Appelt J, Albrecht KK, Otto E, Knapstein P, Donat A, Winneberger J, Rosenthal L, Köhli P, Erdmann C, Fuchs M, Frosch KH, Tsitsilonis S, Amling M, Schinke T, Keller J. Procalcitonin is expressed in osteoblasts and limits bone resorption through inhibition of macrophage migration during intermittent PTH treatment. Bone Res 2022; 10:9. [PMID: 35087025 PMCID: PMC8795393 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-021-00172-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intermittent injections of parathyroid hormone (iPTH) are applied clinically to stimulate bone formation by osteoblasts, although continuous elevation of parathyroid hormone (PTH) primarily results in increased bone resorption. Here, we identified Calca, encoding the sepsis biomarker procalcitonin (ProCT), as a novel target gene of PTH in murine osteoblasts that inhibits osteoclast formation. During iPTH treatment, mice lacking ProCT develop increased bone resorption with excessive osteoclast formation in both the long bones and axial skeleton. Mechanistically, ProCT inhibits the expression of key mediators involved in the recruitment of macrophages, representing osteoclast precursors. Accordingly, ProCT arrests macrophage migration and causes inhibition of early but not late osteoclastogenesis. In conclusion, our results reveal a potential role of osteoblast-derived ProCT in the bone microenvironment that is required to limit bone resorption during iPTH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Baranowsky
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20246, Germany.,Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Denise Jahn
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, 13353, Germany.,Julius Wolff Institute for Biomechanics and Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, 13353, Germany
| | - Shan Jiang
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Timur Yorgan
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Peter Ludewig
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20251, Germany
| | - Jessika Appelt
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, 13353, Germany.,Julius Wolff Institute for Biomechanics and Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, 13353, Germany
| | - Kai K Albrecht
- Julius Wolff Institute for Biomechanics and Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, 13353, Germany
| | - Ellen Otto
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, 13353, Germany.,Julius Wolff Institute for Biomechanics and Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, 13353, Germany
| | - Paul Knapstein
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Antonia Donat
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Jack Winneberger
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20251, Germany
| | - Lana Rosenthal
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Paul Köhli
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, 13353, Germany.,Julius Wolff Institute for Biomechanics and Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, 13353, Germany
| | - Cordula Erdmann
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Melanie Fuchs
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, 13353, Germany.,Julius Wolff Institute for Biomechanics and Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, 13353, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Frosch
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Serafeim Tsitsilonis
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, 13353, Germany.,Julius Wolff Institute for Biomechanics and Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, 13353, Germany
| | - Michael Amling
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schinke
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Johannes Keller
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20246, Germany. .,Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, 10178, Germany.
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8
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Elesawy BH, F. Sakr H, M. Abbas A. Synergistic Protective Effects of Resveratrol and Estradiol on Estrogen Deficiency-Induced Osteoporosis Through Attenuating RANK Pathway. INT J PHARMACOL 2021. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2021.217.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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9
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Hioki T, Tokuda H, Tanabe K, Kim W, Tachi J, Yamaguchi S, Matsushima-Nishiwaki R, Kozawa O, Iida H. Amplification by tramadol of PGD 2-induced osteoprotegerin synthesis in osteoblasts: Involvement of μ-opioid receptor and 5-HT transporter. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2021; 172:102323. [PMID: 34392133 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2021.102323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Tramadol, a weak μ-opioid receptor (MOR) agonist with inhibitory effects on the reuptake of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) and norepinephrine, is an effective analgesic to chronic pains. Osteoprotegerin produced by osteoblasts is essential for bone remodeling to suppress osteoclastic bone resorption. We previously reported that prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) induces osteoprotegerin synthesis whereby p44/p42 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase, p38 MAP kinase and stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (SAPK/JNK) are involved in osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells. Herein, we investigated the mechanism underlying the effect of tramadol on the PGD2-induced osteoprotegerin synthesis in these cells. Tramadol enhanced the PGD2-induced release and mRNA expression of osteoprotegerin. Naloxone, a MOR antagonist, reduced the amplification by tramadol of the PGD2-stimulated osteoprotegerin release. Not the selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor reboxetine but the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors fluvoxamine and sertraline upregulated the PGD2-induced osteoprotegerin release, which was further amplified by morphine. Tramadol enhanced PGD2-stimulated phosphorylation of p38 MAP kinase and SAPK/JNK, but not p44/p42 MAP kinase. Both SB203580 and SP600125 suppressed the tramadol effect to enhance the PGD2-stimulated osteoprotegerin release. Tramadol enhanced the PGE2-induced osteoprotegerin release as well as PGD2. These results suggest that tramadol amplifies the PGD2-induced osteoprotegerin synthesis at the upstream of p38 MAP kinase and SAPK/JNK in the involvement of both MOR and 5-HT transporter in osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Hioki
- Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan; Department of Dermatology, Kizawa Memorial Hospital, Minokamo, Gifu 505-8503, Japan; Department of Metabolic Research, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi 474-8511, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Tokuda
- Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan; Department of Metabolic Research, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi 474-8511, Japan; Department of Clinical Laboratory/Medical Genome Center, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi 474-8511, Japan
| | - Kumiko Tanabe
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Woo Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Junko Tachi
- Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Shinobu Yamaguchi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | | | - Osamu Kozawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan; Department of Metabolic Research, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi 474-8511, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Iida
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
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10
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Hioki T, Tokuda H, Kuroyanagi G, Kim W, Tachi J, Matsushima-Nishiwaki R, Iida H, Kozawa O. Olive polyphenols attenuate TNF-α-stimulated M-CSF and IL-6 synthesis in osteoblasts: Suppression of Akt and p44/p42 MAP kinase signaling pathways. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 141:111816. [PMID: 34126350 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Olive oil polyphenols, which possess cytoprotective activities like anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, could modulate osteoblast functions. The aim of this study is to elucidate the effects and the underlying mechanisms of hydroxytyrosol and oleuropein on the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) synthesis in osteoblasts. METHODS Osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells were pretreated with hydroxytyrosol, oleuropein, deguelin, PD98059 or wedelolactone, and then stimulated by TNF-α. The levels of M-CSF and IL-6 in the conditioned medium were determined with ELISA. The mRNA expression levels of M-CSF or IL-6 were determined with real-time RT-PCR. The phosphorylation levels of Akt, p44/p42 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase or NF-κB in the cell lysates were determined with Western blot analysis. RESULTS Hydroxytyrosol and oleuropein attenuated the TNF-α-stimulated M-CSF release. Deguelin, an inhibitor of Akt, significantly suppressed the TNF-α-stimulated M-CSF release, which failed to be affected by the MEK1/2 inhibitor PD98059 or the IκB inhibitor wedelolactone. Hydroxytyrosol and oleuropein suppressed the TNF-α-induced phosphorylation of Akt and p44/p42 MAP kinase. Hydroxytyrosol and oleuropein attenuated the TNF-α-stimulated IL-6 release. Hydroxytyrosol suppressed the TNF-α-induced mRNA expressions of M-CSF and IL-6. Hydroxytyrosol or oleuropein failed to affect the cell viability. CONCLUSION Our present findings strongly suggest that olive oil polyphenols hydroxytyrosol and oleuropein down-regulates TNF-α signaling at the points upstream of Akt and p44/p42 MAP kinase in osteoblasts, leading to the attenuation of M-CSF and IL-6 synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Hioki
- Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan; Department of Dermatology, Kizawa Memorial Hospital, Minokamo, Gifu 505-8503, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Tokuda
- Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan; Department of Clinical Laboratory/Medical Genome Center, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi 474-8511, Japan; Department of Metabolic Research, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi 474-8511, Japan
| | - Gen Kuroyanagi
- Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Woo Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Junko Tachi
- Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | | | - Hiroki Iida
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Osamu Kozawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan.
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11
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Puzio I, Graboś D, Bieńko M, Radzki RP, Nowakiewicz A, Kosior-Korzecka U. Camelina Oil Supplementation Improves Bone Parameters in Ovariectomized Rats. ANIMALS : AN OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL FROM MDPI 2021; 11:ani11051343. [PMID: 34065038 PMCID: PMC8150831 DOI: 10.3390/ani11051343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of administration of Camelina sativa oil (CO) as a source of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on bone parameters in ovariectomized rats (OVX). Overall, 40 10-week-old healthy female Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups with 10 animals in each. Rats in the control group (SHO) were subjected to a sham operation, whereas experimental rats (OVX) were ovariectomized. After a 7-day recovery period, the SHO the rats received orally 1 mL of physiological saline for the next 6 weeks. The OVX rats received orally 1 mL of physiological saline (OVX-PhS), 5 g/kg BW (OVX-CO5), or 9 g/kg BW (OVX-CO9) of camelina oil. The use of camelina oil had a significant effect on body weight, lean mass, and fat mass. The camelina oil administration suppressed the decrease in the values of some densitometric, tomographic, and mechanical parameters of femur caused by estrogen deficiency. The CO treatment increased significantly the serum level of osteocalcin and decreased the serum level of C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen in the OVX rats. In conclusion, camelina oil exerts a positive osteotropic effect by inhibiting ovariectomy-induced adverse changes in bones. Camelina oil supplementation can be used as an efficient method for improving bone health in a disturbed state. However, further research must be carried out on other animal species supplemented with the oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Puzio
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka St. 12, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (D.G.); (M.B.); (R.P.R.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Dorota Graboś
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka St. 12, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (D.G.); (M.B.); (R.P.R.)
| | - Marek Bieńko
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka St. 12, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (D.G.); (M.B.); (R.P.R.)
| | - Radosław P. Radzki
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka St. 12, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (D.G.); (M.B.); (R.P.R.)
| | - Aneta Nowakiewicz
- Department of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka St. 12, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (A.N.); (U.K.-K.)
| | - Urszula Kosior-Korzecka
- Department of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka St. 12, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (A.N.); (U.K.-K.)
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12
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Tantikanlayaporn D, Wichit P, Suksen K, Suksamrarn A, Piyachaturawat P. Andrographolide modulates OPG/RANKL axis to promote osteoblastic differentiation in MC3T3-E1 cells and protects bone loss during estrogen deficiency in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 131:110763. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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13
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Turkkahraman H, Yuan X, Salmon B, Chen CH, Brunski JB, Helms JA. Root resorption and ensuing cementum repair by Wnt/β-catenin dependent mechanism. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2020; 158:16-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2019.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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14
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Baba K, Shiwaku Y, Hamai R, Mori Y, Anada T, Tsuchiya K, Oizumi I, Miyatake N, Itoi E, Suzuki O. Chemical Stability-Sensitive Osteoconductive Performance of Octacalcium Phosphate Bone Substitute in an Ovariectomized Rat Tibia Defect. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:1444-1458. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b01091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyoshi Baba
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yukari Shiwaku
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
- Liaison Center for Innovative Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Ryo Hamai
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yu Mori
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Takahisa Anada
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kaori Tsuchiya
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Itsuki Oizumi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Naohisa Miyatake
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
- Tohoku Orthopedic Hospital, Sendai 981-3121, Japan
| | - Eiji Itoi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Osamu Suzuki
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
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15
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Yousefzadeh N, Kashfi K, Jeddi S, Ghasemi A. Ovariectomized rat model of osteoporosis: a practical guide. EXCLI JOURNAL 2020; 19:89-107. [PMID: 32038119 PMCID: PMC7003643 DOI: 10.17179/excli2019-1990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis affects about 200 million people worldwide and is a silent disease until a fracture occurs. Management of osteoporosis is still a challenge that warrants further studies for establishing new prevention strategies and more effective treatment modalities. For this purpose, animal models of osteoporosis are appropriate tools, of which the ovariectomized rat model is the most commonly used. The aim of this study is to provide a 4-step guideline for inducing a rat model of osteoporosis by ovariectomy (OVX): (1) selection of the rat strain, (2) choosing the appropriate age of rats at the time of OVX, (3) selection of an appropriate surgical method and verification of OVX, and (4) evaluation of OVX-induced osteoporosis. This review of literature shows that (i) Sprague-Dawley and Wistar rats are the most common strains used, both responding similarly to OVX; (ii) six months of age appears to be the best time for inducing OVX; (iii) dorsolateral skin incision is an appropriate choice for initiating OVX; and (iv) the success of OVX can be verified 1-3 weeks after surgery, following cessation of the regular estrus cycles, decreased estradiol, progesterone, and uterine weight as well as increased LH and FSH levels. Current data shows that the responses of trabecular bones of proximal tibia, lumbar vertebrae and femur to OVX are similar to those in humans; however, for short-term studies, proximal tibia is recommended. Osteoporosis in rats is verified by lower bone mineral density and lower trabecular number and thickness as well as higher trabecular separation, changes that are observed at 14, 30, and 60 days post-OVX in proximal tibia, lumbar vertebrae and femur, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasibeh Yousefzadeh
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khosrow Kashfi
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, City University of New York School of Medicine, NY, USA
| | - Sajad Jeddi
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asghar Ghasemi
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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16
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Identification of osteoclast-osteoblast coupling factors in humans reveals links between bone and energy metabolism. Nat Commun 2020; 11:87. [PMID: 31911667 PMCID: PMC6946812 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-14003-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone remodeling consists of resorption by osteoclasts followed by formation by osteoblasts, and osteoclasts are a source of bone formation-stimulating factors. Here we utilize osteoclast ablation by denosumab (DMAb) and RNA-sequencing of bone biopsies from postmenopausal women to identify osteoclast-secreted factors suppressed by DMAb. Based on these analyses, LIF, CREG2, CST3, CCBE1, and DPP4 are likely osteoclast-derived coupling factors in humans. Given the role of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP4) in glucose homeostasis, we further demonstrate that DMAb-treated participants have a significant reduction in circulating DPP4 and increase in Glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 levels as compared to the placebo-treated group, and also that type 2 diabetic patients treated with DMAb show significant reductions in HbA1c as compared to patients treated either with bisphosphonates or calcium and vitamin D. Thus, our results identify several coupling factors in humans and uncover osteoclast-derived DPP4 as a potential link between bone remodeling and energy metabolism. Anti-resorptive bone therapies also inhibit bone formation, as osteoclasts secrete factors that stimulate bone formation by osteoblasts. Here, the authors identify osteoclast-secreted factors that couple bone resorption to bone formation in healthy subjects, and show that osteoclast-derived DPP4 may be a factor coupling bone resorption to energy metabolism.
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17
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Won DJ, Seong KS, Jang CH, Lee JS, Ko JA, Bae H, Park HJ. Effects of vitamin D 2-fortified shiitake mushroom on bioavailability and bone structure. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2019; 83:942-951. [PMID: 30732553 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2019.1576497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Bioavailability and bone loss inhibitory effects of vitamin D2 derived from UV-irradiated shiitake mushroom were determined in vivo. The effect of the absence of ovaries on the bioavailability of vitamin D2 and bone structure was also investigated. Sham operated (sham) and ovariectomized (OVX) rats were divided in 3 groups according to their diets, i.e. control: only vitamin D-deficient diets; UV(X): vitamin D-deficient diets with non-irradiated mushroom powder; UV(O): vitamin D-deficient diets with irradiated mushroom powder. The obtained results showed that vitamin D2 from shiitake mushroom was able to increase bone mineral density and trabecular bone structure of femur bone as well as its bioavailability. The absence of estrogen induced adverse effects not only on bioavailability of vitamin D2 but also on trabecular bone. In conclusion, vitamin D2-fortified shiitake mushroom might help postmenopausal women increase vitamin D2 bioavailability and retard trabecular bone loss. Abbreviations: OVX: ovariectomized; 25(OH)D: 25-hydroxyvitamin D; 1,25(OH)2D: 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D; BMD: bone mineral density; micro-CT: micro computed tomography; RSM: response surface methodology; RP-HPLC: Reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography; MS/MS: tandem mass spectrometry; E2: estradiol; NTx: N-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen; BV/TV: bone volume/total volume; BS/BV: bone surface/bone volume; Tb.Th: trabecular thickness; Tb.Sp: trabecular separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Jae Won
- a Department of Biotechnology , College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University , Seongbuk-gu, Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Seung Seong
- b Korea Food Research Institute , Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do , Republic of Korea
| | | | - Jin Sil Lee
- d Department of Food Service Management and Nutrition , Sangmyung University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung A Ko
- a Department of Biotechnology , College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University , Seongbuk-gu, Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Hojae Bae
- e KU Convergence Science and Technology Institute, Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology , Konkuk University , Hwayang-dong , Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Park
- a Department of Biotechnology , College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University , Seongbuk-gu, Seoul , Republic of Korea
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18
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Synergistic attenuation of ovariectomy-induced bone loss by combined use of fish oil and 17β-oestradiol. Br J Nutr 2017; 117:479-489. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114517000344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AbstractOestrogen and n-3 PUFA, especially EPA and DHA, have been reported to have beneficial effects on bone loss. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the synergistic bone-protective mechanism of combined treatments of EPA+DHA supplementation and oestrogen injection in ovariectomised rats. Rats were fed a modified American Institute of Nutrition-93G diet with 0 %, 1 % or 2 % n-3 PUFA (EPA+DHA) relative to the total energy intake for 12 weeks. Rats were surgically ovariectomised at week 8, and after a 1-week recovery period rats were injected with either 17β-oestradiol-3-benzoate (E2) or maize oil for the last 3 weeks. Combined use of n-3 PUFA and E2 synergistically increased femoral cortical bone volume, bone mineral content and the bone expression of runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), but decreased the bone expression of IL-1β. Both n-3 PUFA and E2 decreased the bone expressions of IL-7, TNF-α and PPAR-γ, and increased the bone expression of oestrogen receptor-α. n-3 PUFA in the presence of E2 and E2 alone significantly decreased the bone expressions of IL-1β and IL-6 and increased the bone expression of RUNX2. E2 significantly decreased the serum levels of bone turnover markers and the bone expression of receptor activator of NF-κB ligand, but decreased the bone expression of osteoprotegerin. The combined use of n-3 PUFA and E2 exerted synergistic bone-protective efficacy through up-regulation of RUNX2, an essential transcription factor for bone formation, as well as the suppression of bone-resorbing cytokine IL-1β.
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19
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Hussein H, Dulin J, Smanik L, Drost WT, Russell D, Wellman M, Bertone A. Repeated oral administration of a cathepsin K inhibitor significantly suppresses bone resorption in exercising horses with evidence of increased bone formation and maintained bone turnover. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2016; 40:327-334. [DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Hussein
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; The Ohio State University; Columbus OH USA
| | - J. Dulin
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; The Ohio State University; Columbus OH USA
| | - L. Smanik
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; The Ohio State University; Columbus OH USA
| | - W. T. Drost
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; The Ohio State University; Columbus OH USA
| | - D. Russell
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; The Ohio State University; Columbus OH USA
| | - M. Wellman
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; The Ohio State University; Columbus OH USA
| | - A. Bertone
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; The Ohio State University; Columbus OH USA
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; The Ohio State University; Columbus OH USA
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20
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Walker EC, Johnson RW, Hu Y, Brennan HJ, Poulton IJ, Zhang JG, Jenkins BJ, Smyth GK, Nicola NA, Sims NA. Murine Oncostatin M Acts via Leukemia Inhibitory Factor Receptor to Phosphorylate Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) but Not STAT1, an Effect That Protects Bone Mass. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:21703-21716. [PMID: 27539849 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.748483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncostatin M (OSM) and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) are IL-6 family members with a wide range of biological functions. Human OSM (hOSM) and murine LIF (mLIF) act in mouse cells via a LIF receptor (LIFR)-glycoprotein 130 (gp130) heterodimer. In contrast, murine OSM (mOSM) signals mainly via an OSM receptor (OSMR)-gp130 heterodimer and binds with only very low affinity to mLIFR. hOSM and mLIF stimulate bone remodeling by both reducing osteocytic sclerostin and up-regulating the pro-osteoclastic factor receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) in osteoblasts. In the absence of OSMR, mOSM still strongly suppressed sclerostin and stimulated bone formation but did not induce RANKL, suggesting that intracellular signaling activated by the low affinity interaction of mOSM with mLIFR is different from the downstream effects when mLIF or hOSM interacts with the same receptor. Both STAT1 and STAT3 were activated by mOSM in wild type cells or by mLIF/hOSM in wild type and Osmr-/- cells. In contrast, in Osmr-/- primary osteocyte-like cells stimulated with mOSM (therefore acting through mLIFR), microarray expression profiling and Western blotting analysis identified preferential phosphorylation of STAT3 and induction of its target genes but not of STAT1 and its target genes; this correlated with reduced phosphorylation of both gp130 and LIFR. In a mouse model of spontaneous osteopenia caused by hyperactivation of STAT1/3 signaling downstream of gp130 (gp130Y757F/Y757F), STAT1 deletion rescued the osteopenic phenotype, indicating a beneficial effect of promoting STAT3 signaling over STAT1 downstream of gp130 in this low bone mass condition, and this may have therapeutic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma C Walker
- From the St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Rachelle W Johnson
- From the St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Yifang Hu
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Holly J Brennan
- From the St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Ingrid J Poulton
- From the St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Jian-Guo Zhang
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Medical Biology, and
| | - Brendan J Jenkins
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.,Department of Molecular Translational Science, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton 3168, Victoria, Australia, and
| | - Gordon K Smyth
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Departments of Mathematics and Statistics
| | - Nicos A Nicola
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Medical Biology, and
| | - Natalie A Sims
- From the St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia, .,Medicine at St. Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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21
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Huang C, Ling R, Li FJ, Li EC, Huang QK, Liu BG, Ding Y, You SW. FTY720 enhances osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in ovariectomized rats. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:927-35. [PMID: 27220612 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate and its structural analog FTY720 (fingolimod) are important in the inhibition of osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption, however, it remains unknown whether they enhance osteogenic differentiation of the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM‑MSCs). The present study investigated the effect of FTY720 on the osteogenic differentiation of BM‑MSCs from the femurs of the ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Three different concentrations (1, 10 and 100 nM) of FTY720 were demonstrated to markedly upregulate mRNA expression levels of Runt‑related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and Sp7 transcription factor (Sp7) at 2 weeks, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) at 3 weeks. The osteocalcin (OCN) expression was similar at weeks 2 and 3. The protein expression levels of Runx2, Sp7, OCN and ALP induced by three different concentrations of FTY720 were higher than those in the control groups at 3 weeks in the OVX and sham groups. The findings of the current study suggested a beneficial effect of FTY720 on bone formation in OVX rats, and provided a potential therapeutic method of FTY720 to prevent alveolar bone resorption in patients with post‑menopausal osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Huang
- Department of Orthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Rui Ling
- Department of General Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Fei-Jiang Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Er-Cui Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endocrinology, Shaanxi Provincial Armed Police Corps Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Qi-Ke Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Bao-Gang Liu
- Out‑Patient Department, General Hospital of The Second Artillery, Beijing 100820, P.R. China
| | - Yin Ding
- Department of Orthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Si-Wei You
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
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22
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Yingling VR, Mitchell KA, Lunny M. Acute hypothalamic suppression significantly affects trabecular bone but not cortical bone following recovery and ovariectomy surgery in a rat model. PeerJ 2016; 4:e1575. [PMID: 26793427 PMCID: PMC4715452 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Osteoporosis is “a pediatric disease with geriatric consequences.” Bone morphology and tissue quality co-adapt during ontogeny for sufficient bone stiffness. Altered bone morphology from hypothalamic amenorrhea, a risk factor for low bone mass in women, may affect bone strength later in life. Our purpose was to determine if altered morphology following hypothalamic suppression during development affects cortical bone strength and trabecular bone volume (BV/TV) at maturity. Methods. Female rats (25 days old) were assigned to a control (C) group (n = 45) that received saline injections (.2 cc) or an experimental group (GnRH-a) (n = 45) that received gonadotropin releasing hormone antagonist injections (.24 mg per dose) for 25 days. Fifteen animals from each group were sacrificed immediately after the injection protocol at Day 50 (C, GnRH-a). The remaining animals recovered for 135 days and a subset of each group was sacrificed at Day 185 ((C-R) (n = 15) and (G-R) (n = 15)). The remaining animals had an ovariectomy surgery (OVX) at 185 days of age and were sacrificed 40 days later (C-OVX) (n = 15) and (G-OVX) (n = 15). After sacrifice femurs were mechanically tested and scanned using micro CT. Serum C-terminal telopeptides (CTX) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) were measured. Two-way ANOVA (2 groups (GnRH-a and Control) X 3 time points (Injection Protocol, Recovery, post-OVX)) was computed. Results. GnRH-a injections suppressed uterine weights (72%) and increased CTX levels by 59%. Bone stiffness was greater in the GnRH-a groups compared to C. Ash content and cortical bone area were similar between groups at all time points. Polar moment of inertia, a measure of bone architecture, was 15% larger in the GnRH-a group and remained larger than C (19%) following recovery. Both the polar moment of inertia and cortical area increased linearly with the increases in body weight. Following the injection protocol, trabecular BV/TV was 31% lower in the GnRH-a group compared to C, a similar deficit in BV/TV was also measured following recovery and post-OVX. The trabecular number and thickness were lower in the GnRH-a group compared to control. Conclusion. These data suggest that following a transient delay in pubertal onset, trabecular bone volume was significantly lower and no restoration of bone volume occurred following recovery or post-OVX surgery. However, cortical bone strength was maintained through architectural adaptations in the cortical bone envelope. An increase in the polar moment of inertia offset increased bone resorption. The current data are the first to suppress trabecular bone during growth, and then add an OVX protocol at maturity. Trabecular bone and cortical bone differed in their response to hypothalamic suppression during development; trabecular bone was more sensitive to the negative effects of hypothalamic suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa R Yingling
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University, East Bay, Hayward, CA, United States; Department of Kinesiology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Kathryn A Mitchell
- Department of Kinesiology, Temple University , Philadelphia, PA , United States
| | - Megan Lunny
- Department of Kinesiology, Temple University , Philadelphia, PA , United States
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23
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El Khassawna T, Böcker W, Brodsky K, Weisweiler D, Govindarajan P, Kampschulte M, Thormann U, Henss A, Rohnke M, Bauer N, Müller R, Deutsch A, Ignatius A, Dürselen L, Langheinrich A, Lips KS, Schnettler R, Heiss C. Impaired extracellular matrix structure resulting from malnutrition in ovariectomized mature rats. Histochem Cell Biol 2015. [PMID: 26210855 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-015-1356-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Bone loss is a symptom related to disease and age, which reflects on bone cells and ECM. Discrepant regulation affects cell proliferation and ECM localization. Rat model of osteoporosis (OVX) was investigated against control rats (Sham) at young and old ages. Biophysical, histological and molecular techniques were implemented to examine the underlying cellular and extracellular matrix changes and to assess the mechanisms contributing to bone loss in the context of aging and the widely used osteoporotic models in rats. Bone loss exhibited a compromised function of bone cells and infiltration of adipocytes into bone marrow. However, the expression of genes regulating collagen catabolic process and adipogenesis was chronologically shifted in diseased bone in comparison with aged bone. The data showed the involvement of Wnt signaling inhibition in adipogenesis and bone loss due to over-expression of SOST in both diseased and aged bone. Further, in the OVX animals, an integrin-mediated ERK activation indicated the role of MAPK in osteoblastogenesis and adipogenesis. The increased PTH levels due to calcium and estrogen deficiency activated osteoblastogenesis. Thusly, RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis was initiated. Interestingly, the data show the role of MEPE regulating osteoclast-mediated resorption at late stages in osteoporotic bone. The interplay between ECM and bone cells change tissue microstructure and properties. The involvement of Wnt and MAPK pathways in activating cell proliferation has intriguing similarities to oncogenesis and myeloma. The study indicates the importance of targeting both pathways simultaneously to remedy metabolic bone diseases and age-related bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaqif El Khassawna
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang Böcker
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany. .,Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital of Giessen-Marburg, Rudolf-Buchheim-Strasse 7, 35385, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Katharina Brodsky
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.
| | - David Weisweiler
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital of Giessen-Marburg, Rudolf-Buchheim-Strasse 7, 35385, Giessen, Germany.
| | | | - Marian Kampschulte
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Giessen-Marburg, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Ulrich Thormann
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital of Giessen-Marburg, Rudolf-Buchheim-Strasse 7, 35385, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Anja Henss
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Marcus Rohnke
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Natali Bauer
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Clinical Pathology and Clinical Pathophysiology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Robert Müller
- Center for Information Services and High Performance Computing, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Andreas Deutsch
- Center for Information Services and High Performance Computing, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Anita Ignatius
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Centre of Musculoskeletal Research, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Lutz Dürselen
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Centre of Musculoskeletal Research, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Alexander Langheinrich
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, BG Trauma Hospital Frankfurt/Main, Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Katrin S Lips
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Reinhard Schnettler
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany. .,Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital of Giessen-Marburg, Rudolf-Buchheim-Strasse 7, 35385, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Christian Heiss
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany. .,Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital of Giessen-Marburg, Rudolf-Buchheim-Strasse 7, 35385, Giessen, Germany.
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24
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Thormann U, El Khawassna T, Ray S, Duerselen L, Kampschulte M, Lips K, von Dewitz H, Heinemann S, Heiss C, Szalay G, Langheinrich AC, Ignatius A, Schnettler R, Alt V. Differences of bone healing in metaphyseal defect fractures between osteoporotic and physiological bone in rats. Injury 2014; 45:487-93. [PMID: 24332464 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2013.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Discrepancies in bone healing between osteoporotic and non-osteoporotic bone remain uncertain. The focus of the current work is to evaluate potential healing discrepancies in a metaphyseal defect model in rat femora. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were either ovariectomized (OVX, n=14) and combined with a calcium-, phosphorus- and vitamin D3-, soy- and phytoestrogen-free diet or received SHAM operation with standard diet rat (SHAM, n=14). Three months post-ovariectomy, DEXA measurement showed a reduction of bone mineral density reflecting an osteoporotic bone status in OVX rats. Rats then underwent a 3 mm wedge-shaped osteotomy at the distal metaphyseal area of the left femur stabilized with a T-shaped mini-plate and allowed to heal for 6 weeks. Biomechanical competence by means of a non-destructive three-point bending test showed significant lower flexural rigidity in the OVX rats at 3 mm lever span compared to SHAM animals (p=0.048) but no differences at 10 mm lever span. Microcomputer tomography (μCT) showed bridging cortices and consolidation of the defect in both groups, however, no measurable differences were found in either total ossified tissue or vascular volume fraction. Furthermore, histology showed healing discrepancies that were characterized by cartilaginous remnant and more unmineralized tissue presence in the OVX rats compared to more mature consolidation appearance in the SHAM group. In summary, bone defect healing in metaphyseal bone slightly differs between osteoporotic and non-osteoporotic bone in the current 3 mm defect model in both 3mm lever span biomechanical testing and histology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Thormann
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital of Giessen-Marburg, Giessen, Germany; Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Thaqif El Khawassna
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Seemun Ray
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Lutz Duerselen
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Centre of Musculoskeletal Research, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Marian Kampschulte
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Giessen-Marburg, Giessen, Germany
| | - Katrin Lips
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Helena von Dewitz
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Giessen-Marburg, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sascha Heinemann
- Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Heiss
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital of Giessen-Marburg, Giessen, Germany; Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Gabor Szalay
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital of Giessen-Marburg, Giessen, Germany
| | - Alexander C Langheinrich
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, BG Trauma Hospital Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Anita Ignatius
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Centre of Musculoskeletal Research, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Reinhard Schnettler
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital of Giessen-Marburg, Giessen, Germany; Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Volker Alt
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital of Giessen-Marburg, Giessen, Germany; Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.
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25
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Jensen PR, Andersen TL, Pennypacker BL, Duong LT, Delaissé JM. The bone resorption inhibitors odanacatib and alendronate affect post-osteoclastic events differently in ovariectomized rabbits. Calcif Tissue Int 2014; 94:212-22. [PMID: 24085265 PMCID: PMC3899456 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-013-9800-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Odanacatib (ODN) is a bone resorption inhibitor which differs from standard antiresorptives by its ability to reduce bone resorption without decreasing bone formation. What is the reason for this difference? In contrast with other antiresorptives, such as alendronate (ALN), ODN targets only the very last step of the resorption process. We hypothesize that ODN may therefore modify the remodeling events immediately following osteoclastic resorption. These events belong to the reversal phase and include recruitment of osteoblasts, which is critical for connecting bone resorption to formation. We performed a histomorphometric study of trabecular remodeling in vertebrae of estrogen-deficient rabbits treated or not with ODN or ALN, a model where ODN, but not ALN, was previously shown to preserve bone formation. In line with our hypothesis, we found that ODN treatment compared to ALN results in a shorter reversal phase, faster initiation of osteoid deposition on the eroded surfaces, and higher osteoblast recruitment. The latter is reflected by higher densities of mature bone forming osteoblasts and an increased subpopulation of cuboidal osteoblasts. Furthermore, we found an increase in the interface between osteoclasts and surrounding osteoblast-lineage cells. This increase is expected to favor the osteoclast-osteoblast interactions required for bone formation. Regarding bone resorption itself, we show that ODN, but not ALN, treatment results in shallower resorption lacunae, a geometry favoring bone stiffness. We conclude that, compared to standard antiresorptives, ODN shows distinctive effects on resorption geometry and on reversal phase activities which positively affect osteoblast recruitment and may therefore favor bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Rosgaard Jensen
- Clinical Cell Biology, Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Vejle/Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle, Denmark
- Clinical Cell Biology, Vejle Hospital, Kabbeltoft 25, 7100 Vejle, Denmark
| | - Thomas Levin Andersen
- Clinical Cell Biology, Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Vejle/Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle, Denmark
| | | | - Le T. Duong
- Bone Biology Group, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA USA
| | - Jean-Marie Delaissé
- Clinical Cell Biology, Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Vejle/Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle, Denmark
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26
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El Khassawna T, Böcker W, Govindarajan P, Schliefke N, Hürter B, Kampschulte M, Schlewitz G, Alt V, Lips KS, Faulenbach M, Möllmann H, Zahner D, Dürselen L, Ignatius A, Bauer N, Wenisch S, Langheinrich AC, Schnettler R, Heiss C. Effects of multi-deficiencies-diet on bone parameters of peripheral bone in ovariectomized mature rat. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71665. [PMID: 23977109 PMCID: PMC3745426 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Many postmenopausal women have vitamin D and calcium deficiency. Therefore, vitamin D and calcium supplementation is recommended for all patients with osteopenia and osteoporosis. We used an experimental rat model to test the hypothesis that induction of osteoporosis is more efficiently achieved in peripheral bone through combining ovariectomy with a unique multi-deficiencies diet (vitamin D depletion and deficient calcium, vitamin K and phosphorus). 14-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats served as controls to examine the initial bone status. 11 rats were bilaterally ovariectomized (OVX) and fed with multi-deficiencies diet. Three months later the treated group and the Sham group (n = 8) were euthanized. Bone biomechanical competence of the diaphyseal bone was examined on both, tibia and femur. Image analysis was performed on tibia via µCT, and on femur via histological analysis. Lower torsional stiffness indicated inferior mechanical competence of the tibia in 3 month OVX+Diet. Proximal metaphyseal region of the tibia showed a diminished bone tissue portion to total tissue in the µCT despite the increased total area as evaluated in both µCT and histology. Cortical bone showed higher porosity and smaller cross sectional thickness of the tibial diaphysis in the OVX+Diet rats. A lower ALP positive area and elevated serum level of RANKL exhibited the unbalanced cellular interaction in bone remodeling in the OVX+Diet rat after 3 month of treatment. Interestingly, more adipose tissue area in bone marrow indicated an effect of bone loss similar to that observed in osteoporotic patients. Nonetheless, the presence of osteoid and elevated serum level of PTH, BGP and Opn suggest the development of osteomalacia rather than an osteoporosis. As the treatment and fracture management of both osteoporotic and osteomalacia patients are clinically overlapping, this study provides a preclinical animal model to be utilized in local supplementation of minerals, drugs and growth factors in future fracture healing studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaqif El Khassawna
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Böcker
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital of Giessen-Marburg, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Nathalie Schliefke
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital of Giessen-Marburg, Giessen, Germany
| | - Britta Hürter
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital of Giessen-Marburg, Giessen, Germany
| | - Marian Kampschulte
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Giessen-Marburg, Giessen, Germany
| | - Gudrun Schlewitz
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital of Giessen-Marburg, Giessen, Germany
| | - Volker Alt
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital of Giessen-Marburg, Giessen, Germany
| | - Katrin Susanne Lips
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Miriam Faulenbach
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Giessen-Marburg, Giessen, Germany
| | - Henriette Möllmann
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Giessen-Marburg, Giessen, Germany
| | - Daniel Zahner
- Animal Laboratory, Justus-Liebig University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Lutz Dürselen
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Centre of Musculoskeletal Research, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anita Ignatius
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Centre of Musculoskeletal Research, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Natali Bauer
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Clinical Pathology and Clinical Pathophysiology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sabine Wenisch
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Justus-Liebig University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Reinhard Schnettler
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital of Giessen-Marburg, Giessen, Germany
| | - Christian Heiss
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital of Giessen-Marburg, Giessen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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27
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Irish J, Virdi AS, Sena K, McNulty MA, Sumner DR. Implant placement increases bone remodeling transiently in a rat model. J Orthop Res 2013; 31:800-6. [PMID: 23280449 DOI: 10.1002/jor.22294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 11/22/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
To examine bone remodeling following implant placement, 88 female Sprague-Dawley rats underwent either sham ovariectomy (sham-ovx) or ovariectomy (ovx) at 4.5 months. At 11 months, 17 baseline control animals were euthanized, while 71 rats received bilateral intramedullary femoral implants. Implanted rats were randomized to 4-, 8-, or 12-week follow-up times. Microcomputed tomography was used to assess cortical area and trabecular architecture in all rats. Dynamic and static histomorphometry were performed in a subset to examine the trabecular and endocortical bone in the distal femoral metaphysis adjacent to the implant and the periosteal surface at the midshaft superior to the implant (n = 59). Implantation did not affect bone volume in either sham-ovx or ovx rats compared to baseline controls. Implant placement significantly increased mineralizing surface, mineral apposition rate, and bone formation rate in both sham-ovx and ovx rats at the trabecular and endocortical surfaces at four and sometimes 8 weeks, with a return to baseline values by 12 weeks. At the periosteal surface, implant placement increased bone formation at 4 weeks with a return to baseline levels by 8 weeks. Thus, implant placement increases bone remodeling transiently without affecting bone volume in sham-ovx and ovx rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Irish
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, 600 South Paulina, Suite 507, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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28
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Two different isomers of vitamin e prevent bone loss in postmenopausal osteoporosis rat model. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:161527. [PMID: 23118785 PMCID: PMC3484319 DOI: 10.1155/2012/161527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 09/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Postmenopausal osteoporotic bone loss occurs mainly due to cessation of ovarian function, a condition associated with increased free radicals. Vitamin E, a lipid-soluble vitamin, is a potent antioxidant which can scavenge free radicals in the body. In this study, we investigated the effects of alpha-tocopherol and pure tocotrienol on bone microarchitecture and cellular parameters in ovariectomized rats. Three-month-old female Wistar rats were randomly divided into ovariectomized control, sham-operated, and ovariectomized rats treated with either alpha-tocopherol or tocotrienol. Their femurs were taken at the end of the four-week study period for bone histomorphometric analysis. Ovariectomy causes bone loss in the control group as shown by reduction in both trabecular volume (BV/TV) and trabecular number (Tb.N) and an increase in trabecular separation (Tb.S). The increase in osteoclast surface (Oc.S) and osteoblast surface (Ob.S) in ovariectomy indicates an increase in bone turnover rate. Treatment with either alpha-tocopherol or tocotrienol prevents the reduction in BV/TV and Tb.N as well as the increase in Tb.S, while reducing the Oc.S and increasing the Ob.S. In conclusion, the two forms of vitamin E were able to prevent bone loss due to ovariectomy. Both tocotrienol and alpha-tocopherol exert similar effects in preserving bone microarchitecture in estrogen-deficient rat model.
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29
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McDonald MM, Morse A, Mikulec K, Peacock L, Yu N, Baldock PA, Birke O, Liu M, Ke HZ, Little DG. Inhibition of sclerostin by systemic treatment with sclerostin antibody enhances healing of proximal tibial defects in ovariectomized rats. J Orthop Res 2012; 30:1541-8. [PMID: 22457198 DOI: 10.1002/jor.22109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2011] [Accepted: 02/23/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest a possible role for inhibitors of sclerostin such as sclerostin antibody (Scl-Ab) as an anabolic treatment for osteoporosis. Since Scl-Ab has also been shown to potentiate bone repair, we examined the effect of Scl-Ab treatment in a metaphyseal defect repair model in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Four weeks after OVX or sham surgery, 3 mm circular defects were created bilaterally in the proximal tibia of all rats. After defect surgery, Saline or 25 mg/kg Scl-Ab was administered twice weekly for 3 weeks. Of note, healing was advanced in the 1-week post-defect surgery in OVX controls over Sham controls, with increases in bone volume and fluorochrome labeling observed. However, by week 2, OVX controls fell significantly behind in the repair response compared with Sham controls. Scl-Ab treatment significantly increased bone volume in the defect in OVX rats over the 3-week time course as examined by either microCT or histology. Significant increases in bone formation via fluorochrome labeling of the new bone were observed with Scl-Ab treatment, while osteoclast parameters were not different. With its powerful anabolic potential, bone-specific activity, and potential for low dosing frequency, Scl-Ab treatment could provide enhanced bone repair, particularly in situations of compromised bone repair such as osteoporotic bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M McDonald
- The Children's Hospital, Locked Bag 4001, Westmead, New South Wales 2145, Australia
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Fonseca H, Moreira-Gonçalves D, Vaz M, Fernandes MH, Ferreira R, Amado F, Mota MP, Duarte JA. Changes in proximal femur bone properties following ovariectomy and their association with resistance to fracture. J Bone Miner Metab 2012; 30:281-92. [PMID: 21938383 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-011-0308-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2011] [Accepted: 08/11/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Bone strength depends on several material and structural properties, but findings concerning the best predictors of bone mechanical performance are conflicting. The aim of this study was to investigate how a broad set of bone properties in the proximal femur are influenced by age and hormonal status, and how these properties together determine bone strength. Twenty-five Wistar rats were ovariectomized (OVX, n = 13) or sham operated (SHAM, n = 12) at 5 months of age, and killed after 9 months. Another group of rats was killed at 5 months as baseline control (BSL, n = 7). At sacrifice, serum 17β-estradiol and bone turnover marker concentrations were determined in the serum. Both femurs were collected for assessment of trabecular microarchitecture, femoral neck geometry, radiographic absorptiometry, calcium and phosphate content, and biomechanical properties. While stiffness was mostly associated with proximal femur trabecular microarchitecture and mineralization degree, bone strength was mostly linked to bone size and femoral neck geometry, which predicted almost 50% of its variance. Despite the decrease in cortical and trabecular bone as well as in mineralization degree following estrogen loss, bone strength was not reduced in OVX animals compared to BSL or sham-operated rats. This was due to a change in femoral neck geometry as well as to an increase in femur size in OVX, which apparently compensated their lower bone volume and mineral content, thereby preserving bone strength. Estrogen loss leads to a deterioration of bone tissue quality, but bone strength was preserved at the expense of geometric adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélder Fonseca
- CIAFEL, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Placido Costa 91, 4200-450, Porto, Portugal.
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Wright LE, Frye JB, Timmermann BN, Funk JL. Protection of trabecular bone in ovariectomized rats by turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) is dependent on extract composition. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:9498-504. [PMID: 20695490 PMCID: PMC2945868 DOI: 10.1021/jf101873f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Extracts prepared from turmeric (Curcuma longa L., [Zingiberaceae]) containing bioactive phenolic curcuminoids were evaluated for bone-protective effects in a hypogonadal rat model of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Three-month female Sprague-Dawley rats were ovariectomized (OVX) and treated with a chemically complex turmeric fraction (41% curcuminoids by weight) or a curcuminoid-enriched turmeric fraction (94% curcuminoids by weight), both dosed at 60 mg/kg 3x per week, or vehicle alone. Effects of two months of treatment on OVX-induced bone loss were followed prospectively by serial assessment of bone mineral density (BMD) of the distal femur using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), while treatment effects on trabecular bone microarchitecture were assessed at two months by microcomputerized tomography (microCT). Chemically complex turmeric did not prevent bone loss, however, the curcuminoid-enriched turmeric prevented up to 50% of OVX-induced loss of trabecular bone and also preserved the number and connectedness of the strut-like trabeculae. These results suggest that turmeric may have bone-protective effects but that extract composition is a critical factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E. Wright
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, P.O. Box 245218, Tucson, AZ 85724
| | - Jennifer B. Frye
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, P.O. Box 245218, Tucson, AZ 85724
| | - Barbara N. Timmermann
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, KS 66045
| | - Janet L. Funk
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, P.O. Box 245218, Tucson, AZ 85724
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: Janet L. Funk, M.D., Tel: 520.626.3242, Fax: 520.626.3242,
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Morris HA, O’Loughlin PD, Anderson PH. Experimental evidence for the effects of calcium and vitamin D on bone: a review. Nutrients 2010; 2:1026-35. [PMID: 22254071 PMCID: PMC3257712 DOI: 10.3390/nu2091026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2010] [Revised: 08/19/2010] [Accepted: 08/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal models fed low calcium diets demonstrate a negative calcium balance and gross bone loss while the combination of calcium deficiency and oophorectomy enhances overall bone loss. Following oophorectomy the dietary calcium intake required to remain in balance increases some 5 fold, estimated to be approximately 1.3% dietary calcium. In the context of vitamin D and dietary calcium depletion, osteomalacia occurs only when low dietary calcium levels are combined with low vitamin D levels and osteoporosis occurs with either a low level of dietary calcium with adequate vitamin D status or when vitamin D status is low in the presence of adequate dietary calcium intake. Maximum bone architecture and strength is only achieved when an adequate vitamin D status is combined with sufficient dietary calcium to achieve a positive calcium balance. This anabolic effect occurs without a change to intestinal calcium absorption, suggesting dietary calcium and vitamin D have activities in addition to promoting a positive calcium balance. Each of the major bone cell types, osteoblasts, osteoclasts and osteocytes are capable of metabolizing 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25D) to 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25D) to elicit biological activities including reduction of bone resorption by osteoclasts and to enhance maturation and mineralization by osteoblasts and osteocytes. Each of these activities is consistent with the actions of adequate circulating levels of 25D observed in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard A. Morris
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
- Endocrine Bone Research Laboratory, Hanson Institute, SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia; (P.D.O.L.)
- Chemical Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia; (P.H.A.)
| | - Peter D. O’Loughlin
- Endocrine Bone Research Laboratory, Hanson Institute, SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia; (P.D.O.L.)
- Chemical Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia; (P.H.A.)
| | - Paul H. Anderson
- Endocrine Bone Research Laboratory, Hanson Institute, SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia; (P.D.O.L.)
- Chemical Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia; (P.H.A.)
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Senn SM, Kantor S, Poulton IJ, Morris MJ, Sims NA, O'Brien TJ, Wark JD. Adverse effects of valproate on bone: defining a model to investigate the pathophysiology. Epilepsia 2010; 51:984-93. [PMID: 20163440 DOI: 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2009.02516.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Bone disease and fractures are common with chronic antiepileptic drug (AED) therapy, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. This study aimed to characterize adverse bone effects of valproate and to identify mouse strains either resistant or sensitive to these effects. METHODS Seven mouse strains (n = 40/strain; 10/diet) were screened for the effect of chronic (8 weeks) valproate treatment (0, 2, 4, and 6 g/kg food) on total bone mineral content (BMC, by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry). In a confirmatory study the effect of valproate (0 or 4 g/kg food) over 16 weeks was assessed in five of the mouse strains (n = 60/strain; 30/diet) identified in the screening phase as either sensitive or resistant. Ex vivo volumetric bone measures and structural changes were assessed using peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) and histomorphometry. RESULTS Chronic valproate treatment reproducibly affected bone in C3H/HeJ mice, with a 9.1% (p < 0.01) reduction in total BMC and a 10.7% (p < 0.01) reduction in trabecular volumetric density, indicating a sensitive strain to AED-induced bone loss. Histomorphometry was consistent, revealing reductions in trabecular volume (19.6%, p < 0.05) and number (14.3%, p < 0.04), and a 19.9% (p < 0.05) increase in trabecular separation. In contrast the A/J mice were reproducibly resistant to the bone effects. CONCLUSION Mouse strains sensitive and resistant to the adverse bone effects of chronic valproate treatment were identified. The strain-specific effects suggest a role of genetic factors in the pathogenesis of AED-induced bone disease. This novel model provides a new, powerful tool to investigate the pathophysiology and therapy of AED-associated bone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan M Senn
- Department of Medicine, Bone Mineral Service and Neurology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Lei Z, Xiaoying Z, Xingguo L. Ovariectomy-associated changes in bone mineral density and bone marrow haematopoiesis in rats. Int J Exp Pathol 2009; 90:512-9. [PMID: 19765105 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2613.2009.00661.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between the bone mass loss and bone marrow haematopoiesis in osteoporosis remains obscure. We selected 3-month-old female Sprague-Dawley rats and randomly divided them into six groups. Three groups were ovariectomized (OVX), while the other three groups were sham operated (Sham). Four, 8 and 12 weeks after the surgical procedure, the rats were euthanized and sampled. The left femur was used for measurement of bone mineral density (BMD). The right femur distal metaphysic cancellous bone was processed for morphological evaluation. Our results showed that the femur BMD in the 4-week OVX group was not significantly decreased compared with that of the 4-week Sham group, but that the volume of adipose tissue in the bone marrow was markedly increased. The femur BMD in the 8-week OVX group was decreased significantly compared with that of the 8-week Sham group (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the volume of haematopoietic tissue decreased and the volume of adipose tissue increased. The number of megakaryocytes was decreased (P < 0.05). Interestingly, the osteoclasts and mast cells were increased in number in the 8-week OVX group (P < 0.05). These changes became obvious in the 12-week OVX rats, in contrast to the Sham groups. The volume of trabecular bone and the number of osteoblasts in the 12-week OVX group decreased significantly. Increased reticulin fibres were observed only in the 12-week OVX group. Our studies demonstrated a reciprocal correlation between bone-forming osteoblasts and marrow adipose tissue and suggest that OVX rats may be valuable as an animal model to study hypohaemopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Lei
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Gallina S, Barranco-Piedra S, Torres-Lagares D, Baroukh B, Llorens A, Gutiérrez-Pérez JL, Saffar JL, Cherruau M, Lesclous P. Estrogen Withdrawal Transiently Increased Bone Turnover Without Affecting the Bone Balance Along the Tooth Socket in Rats. J Periodontol 2009; 80:2035-44. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2009.090297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Campbell GM, Buie HR, Boyd SK. Signs of irreversible architectural changes occur early in the development of experimental osteoporosis as assessed by in vivo micro-CT. Osteoporos Int 2008; 19:1409-19. [PMID: 18373058 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-008-0581-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2007] [Accepted: 01/08/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Using in vivo micro-computed tomography, we assessed bone loss in the rat during the first twelve weeks after ovariectomy when structural changes were most rapid. Significant changes to the trabecular architecture were observed, including irreversible changes reflected by reduction in connectivity after only two weeks. This highlights that topological changes to the structure occur early in this experimental model of osteoporosis. INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to establish a longitudinal time course of bone loss in the ovariectomized (OVX) rat model during the initial twelve-week period where structural changes are most rapid, and to identify when irreversible changes occur using in vivo micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). METHODS The proximal tibiae of OVX (N = 10) and sham (N = 10) operated mature female Wistar rats were micro-CT scanned every two weeks from week 0 to week 12, excluding week 10. Changes in architecture were quantified using direct three-dimensional techniques and serum osteocalcin and CTX-I was measured at weeks 0, 6 and 12. Biomechanical properties were determined from femoral three-point bending and L-4 vertebral compression at the end of the protocol. ANOVA and paired t-tests were used to analyze the longitudinal and endpoint data, respectively. RESULTS All of the measured architectural parameters changed significantly over the study in the OVX group, including irreversible changes reflected by connectivity density after two weeks. Osteocalcin concentration was elevated in the OVX group. Moderate changes in the mechanical properties of the femora midshaft and vertebrae were observed. CONCLUSIONS Changes to the bone architecture and mechanics within twelve weeks after OVX highlight the importance of early diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Campbell
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, N.W., Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
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Klinck J, Boyd SK. The magnitude and rate of bone loss in ovariectomized mice differs among inbred strains as determined by longitudinal in vivo micro-computed tomography. Calcif Tissue Int 2008; 83:70-9. [PMID: 18584110 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-008-9150-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2007] [Accepted: 05/07/2008] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is characterized by low bone mass and a deterioration of bone architecture and likely is influenced by genetic factors. The ovariectomized (OVX) mouse is well suited for osteoporosis research, as shown to date by cross-sectional studies. Here, we investigate longitudinal changes by in vivo micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) to examine the skeletal response to OVX and patterns of change in three inbred strains of mice. We address whether higher baseline bone mass among the strains of mice provides protection against bone loss and if there is a common base level of bone quantity despite genetic background after the effects of OVX have stabilized. Groups of mice (n = 7 or 8/group) from three inbred strains (C3H/HeJ, C57BL/6J, BALB/cByJ) were subjected to OVX or sham OVX surgery at 12 weeks of age. Weekly in vivo micro-CT scans were performed for 5 weeks at the proximal tibia (skipping week 4). Femurs were harvested after week 5 for analysis of the distal metaphysis and midshaft. The baseline bone architecture differed among the three inbred strains of mice, as did the longitudinal patterns of change due to OVX. At the end point, all three strains retained different bone architecture at the proximal tibia, distal femur, and femur midshaft. Rate of bone loss was correlated to amount of baseline bone volume (R = 0.82, P < 0.001). Morphological analysis indicated that trabecular bone loss due to OVX was manifested through reduced connectivity instead of overall thinning and that the quantity and rate of bone loss due to estrogen deficiency were in part genetically regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh Klinck
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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Relationships between serum osteoprotegerin, matrix metalloproteinase-2 levels and bone metabolism in postmenopausal women. Chin Med J (Engl) 2007. [DOI: 10.1097/00029330-200711020-00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Yingling VR, Xiang Y, Raphan T, Schaffler MB, Koser K, Malique R. The effect of a short-term delay of puberty on trabecular bone mass and structure in female rats: a texture-based and histomorphometric analysis. Bone 2007; 40:419-24. [PMID: 16979963 PMCID: PMC1850381 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2006.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2005] [Revised: 06/03/2006] [Accepted: 07/21/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Accrual of bone mass and strength during development is imperative in order to reduce the risk of fracture later in life. Although delayed pubertal onset is associated with an increased incidence of stress fracture, evidence supports the concept of "catch up" growth. It remains unclear if deficits in bone mass associated with delayed puberty have long-term effects on trabecular bone structure and strength. The purpose of this study was to use texture-based analysis and histomorphometry to investigate the effect of a delay in puberty on trabecular bone mass and structure immediately post-puberty and at maturity in female rats. Forty-eight female Sprague-Dawley rats (25 days) were randomly assigned to one of four groups; (1) short-term control (C-ST), (2) long-term control (C-LT), (3) short-term GnRH antagonist (G-ST) and (4) long-term GnRH antagonist (G-LT). Injections of either saline or gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist (GnRH-a) (100 microg/day) (Cetrotide, Serono, Inc.) were given intraperitoneally for 18 days (day 25-42) to both ST and LT. The ST groups were sacrificed after the last injection (day 43) and the LT groups at 6 months of age. Pubertal and gonadal development was retarded by the GnRA antagonist injections as indicated by a delay in vaginal opening, lower ovarian and uterine weights and suppressed estradiol levels in the short-term experimental animals (G-ST). Delayed puberty caused a transient reduction in trabecular bone area as assessed by histomorphometry. Specifically, the significant deficit in bone area resulted from a decreased trabecula number and an increase in trabecular separation. Texture analysis, a new method to assess bone density and structural anisotropy, correlated well with the standard histomorphometry and measured significant deficits in the density measure (M(Density)) in the G-ST group that remained at maturity (6 months). The texture energy deficit in the G-ST group was primarily in the 0 degrees orientation (-13.2%), which measures the longitudinal trabeculae in the proximal tibia. However, the deficit in the G-LT group was in the 45 degrees and 135 degrees orientations. These results suggest that any "catch-up" growth following the cessation of the GnRH-antagonist injection protocol may be directed in trabeculae oriented perpendicular to 0 degrees at the expense of trabeculae in other orientations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa R Yingling
- Physical Education and Exercise Science, Brooklyn College (City University of New York), 2900 Bedford Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11210, USA.
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Xiang A, Kanematsu M, Mitamura M, Kikkawa H, Asano S, Kinoshita M. Analysis of Change Patterns of Microcomputed Tomography 3-Dimensional Bone Parameters as a High-Throughput Tool to Evaluate Antiosteoporotic Effects of Agents at an Early Stage of Ovariectomy-Induced Osteoporosis in Mice. Invest Radiol 2006; 41:704-12. [PMID: 16896306 DOI: 10.1097/01.rli.0000236921.77810.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purposes of this study were to develop an osteoporosis model in a short period of 2 weeks after ovariectomy in mice and to investigate whether analysis of microcomputed tomography (muCT) 3-dimensional bone parameters could provide useful information on the mechanism of action of antiosteoporotic agents. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mice were ovariectomized (OVX) or sham-operated, and the OVX mice were treated daily with 17beta-estradiol (E2), parathyroid hormone (PTH[1-34]), raloxifene, rolipram, or vehicle for 2 weeks. On day 14 post-OVX, the left femur bones were removed and then the distal metaphyseal bone was analyzed by both muCT and histomorphometry. RESULTS The trabecular bone volume, thickness, number, and connectivity significantly decreased and the number of osteoclasts increased in OVX mice. Treatment of OVX animals with each of the 4 antiosteoporotic agents significantly increased the bone volume and improved the bone architecture. However, the improvement of trabecular thickness in the rolipram-treated group and that of cortical thickness in the PTH(1-34)-treated group were the most marked, whereas the improvement of connectivity in the rolipram-treated group was the least among the drug-treated groups. These different improving effects of agents on the bone parameters reflect the differential effects of these agents on bone formation and bone resorption. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated the feasibility of evaluating the effect of the antiosteoporotic agents within 2 weeks after ovariectomy in mice. The muCT analysis may serve as a valuable tool, specifically in a high-throughput pharmacological screening test, offering useful information regarding the effects of test compounds on both bone resorption and formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anbo Xiang
- Pharmacology Department, Tsukuba Research Laboratories, GlaxoSmithKline K.K., 43 Wadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-4247, Japan.
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Lesclous P, Schramm F, Gallina S, Baroukh B, Guez D, Saffar JL. Histamine mediates osteoclastic resorption only during the acute phase of bone loss in ovariectomized rats. Exp Physiol 2006; 91:561-70. [PMID: 16513821 DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.2006.033217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Short-term studies have shown that histamine is involved, via its H2 receptors (H2R), in the mediator network regulating trabecular bone loss in long bones of ovariectomized (OVX) rats. It is not known whether this effect of histamine persists over time or involves other skeletal sites. In this study, rats were maintained for 6 months postOVX and treated daily with saline or famotidine (10 mg kg(-1)), an H2R antagonist. At the end of the experimental period, femur trabecular bone mass was markedly decreased in OVX rats, whether or not they were treated with famotidine. In contrast, in the fourth lumbar vertebra, where bone loss starts later than in the femur, famotidine treatment attenuated the decline in trabecular bone volume, protected the trabecular architecture, maintained the thickness of the cortices and reduced the numbers of osteoclasts and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive preosteoclasts, whereas it had no influence on bone formation parameters. In vertebral bone marrow of OVX rats, the numbers of mast cells (MCs) and non-MC histamine-producing cells increased, while famotidine treatment significantly diminished both cell populations. These data show that H2R antagonism does not protect trabecular bone mass in the long term, and that short-term protection involves all bones. Histamine is involved during the early phase of strong osteoclastic resorption but not during the late phase of slower resorption, suggesting that different mediator networks control the two phases of destruction. Histamine would be part of the network mediating the early phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ph Lesclous
- Laboratoire sur la réparation et les remodelages oro-faciaux, EA 2496, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université Paris Descartes, 1 rue Maurice Arnoux, 92120 Montrouge, France
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Miyazaki T, Matsunaga T, Miyazaki S, Hokari S, Komoda T. Changes in receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB, and its ligand, osteoprotegerin, bone-type alkaline phosphatase, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase in ovariectomized rats. J Cell Biochem 2005; 93:503-12. [PMID: 15372622 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.20201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We investigated time-course changes in the expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB (RANK), its ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG), bone-type alkaline phosphatase (BAP), and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Samples of sera and coccyges were used for analysis of the enzyme activities and expression levels of proteins and mRNAs, and an immunohistochemical analysis was also performed. Serum BAP activity increased to 158.6% of the pre-operation value at 1 week after OVX, and then decreased to 38.7% at 8 weeks after OVX. On the other hand, the serum TRAP activity increased to 130.9% of the pre-operation level at 1 week after OVX, and was maintained at a high level, compared with the pre-operation level. The patterns of BAP and TRAP activity in the coccyges specimens were similar to those seen in the sera. The expression profiles of TRAP, RANK, and RANKL proteins in the coccyx specimens were similar to the pattern of serum TRAP activity, while the profiles of the BAP and OPG proteins were similar to the pattern of serum BAP activity in OVX rats. The changes in the mRNA expression levels of the osteogenic proteins were similar to those for protein expression. These biochemical changes in OVX rats were confirmed by immunohistochemical studies. Our results suggest that not only osteoclastogenesis accelerated but also osteoblastogenesis transiently increased during the early phase of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Miyazaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Saitama Medical School, 38 Morohongo Moroyama-machi, Iruma-gun, Saitama 350-0495, Japan.
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Zecchin KG, Pereira MC, Coletta RD, Graner E, Jorge J. Ovariectomy reduces the gelatinolytic activity and expression of matrix metalloproteinases and collagen in rat molar extraction wounds. Calcif Tissue Int 2005; 76:136-45. [PMID: 15549640 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-004-0013-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2004] [Accepted: 06/02/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is commonly associated with estrogen deficiency. However, the mechanisms by which the lack of this hormone causes bone loss are poorly understood. The bone structure of the oral cavity seems to be affected by estrogen deficiency, since a delayed healing process after tooth extraction has been observed after ovariectomy in rats. The aim of this study was to describe the effect of the absence of estrogen on the expression and activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMC)-2 and -9 and expression of types I and III collagens in the alveolar granulation tissue of young female rats after tooth extraction. Sixty-six, four-week-old female rats underwent bilateral ovariectomies (OVX) or sham operations. Three weeks later, both first and second mandibular molars were extracted and the animals were killed by cervical dislocation 3, 5, or 7 days after tooth extraction. The granulation tissues were collected from the extracted alveolar sockets and used for zymographic, Western blot, or reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis. There was a gradual increase on the expression of all studied proteins as well as MMP-2 and -9 activities in the periods after surgery. In contrast, OVX animals showed a significant decrease in the gelatinolytic activities and expression of MMP-2 and -9 and types I and III collagens. The results presented here in suggest that the absence of estrogen may possibly contribute to the delayed alveolar wound healing by interfering with the extracellular matrix turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- K G Zecchin
- Department of Oral Pathology and Genetics, School of Dentistry of Piracicaba, UNICAMP, Limeira Avenue 901-13414-903, CP 52, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
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Davey RA, Morris HA. The effects of salmon calcitonin-induced hypocalcemia on bone metabolism in ovariectomized rats. J Bone Miner Metab 2005; 23:359-65. [PMID: 16133685 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-005-0613-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2004] [Accepted: 03/22/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The ovariectomized rat has proved to be a most useful model for preclinical testing of potential therapies for osteoporosis. We describe the immediate effects of a single treatment with salmon calcitonin (sCT) on calcium homeostasis and bone turnover markers in 6-month-old sham and ovariectomized (ovx) rats at 15 days postovariectomy. Rats were fasted for 24 h prior to and following administration of 0.3 microg/kg body weight sCT. Blood specimens were collected at 0 (pretreatment), 2, 4, and 8 h. Urine samples were collected during the intervening periods. sCT treatment produced a decrease in blood ionized calcium at 2 h posttreatment in sham and ovx rats (P < 0.001), which was exaggerated in the ovx rats (P < 0.001). Increased parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels (P < 0.001) accompanied the hypocalcemia in ovx rats. Furthermore, PTH levels were significantly higher in ovx rats compared with sham rats for the same ionized calcium range of 1.275-1.300 mmol/l (P < 0.05). sCT treatment in sham rats increased urine hydroxyproline (UHyp) at 6 h posttreatment (P < 0.01). In conclusion, the calcitonin-induced hypocalcemia and secondary hyperparathyroidism was more pronounced in the ovariectomized rats, consistent with the actions of calcitonin in states of increased bone turnover induced by estrogen deficiency. This study highlights the importance of considering the actions of PTH and estrogen status when interpreting changes in calcium homeostasis and bone turnover following treatment with calcitonin in rodent models and provides further evidence for a potential role of estrogen in parathyroid function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Davey
- Hanson Institute, Frome Road, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
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Klompmaker TR. Lifetime high calcium intake increases osteoporotic fracture risk in old age. Med Hypotheses 2005; 65:552-8. [PMID: 15949902 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2005.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2005] [Accepted: 04/10/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Caloric restriction prolongs life span. Calcium restriction may preserve bone health. In osteoporosis, bone mineral density (BMD) has significantly decreased, due to a lack of osteoblast bone formation. Traditional osteoporosis prevention is aimed at maximizing BMD, but the lifetime effects of continuously maintaining a high BMD on eventual bone health in old age, have not been studied. Strikingly, in countries with a high mean BMD, fracture rates in the elderly are significantly higher than in countries with a low mean BMD. Studies show that this is not based on genetic differences. Also, in primary hyperparathyroidism, on the brink of osteoporosis, BMD levels may be significantly higher than normal. Maybe, BMD does not represent long term bone health, but merely momentary bone strength. And maybe, maintaining a high BMD might actually wear out bone health. Since osteoporosis particularly occurs in the elderly, and because in osteoporotic bone less osteoblasts are available, the underlying process may have to do with ageing of osteoblastic cells. In healthy subjects, osteoblastic bone cells respond to the influx of calcium by composing a matrix upon which calcium precipitates. In the process of creating this matrix, 50-70% of the involved osteoblasts die. The greater the influx of calcium, the greater osteoblast activity, and the greater osteoblast apoptosis rate. An increased osteoblast apoptosis rate leads to a decrease in the age-related osteoblast replicative capacity (ARORC). In comparison to healthy bone, in osteoporotic bone the decrease in the replicative capacity of osteoblastic cells is greater. Due to the eventual resulting lack of osteoblast activity, micro-fractures cannot be repaired. Continuously maintaining a high BMD comes with continuously high bone remodeling rates, which regionally exhaust the ARORC, eventually leading to irreparable microfractures. Regarding long time influences on bone health, adequate estrogen levels are known to be protective against osteoporosis. This is generally attributed to its inhibiting influence on osteoclast activity. Instead, its net effects on osteoblast metabolism may be the key to osteoporosis prevention. Adequate estrogen levels inhibit osteoblast activity, calcium apposition and osteoblast apoptosis rate, preserving the ARORC. CONCLUSION Regarding osteoporosis prevention, ARORC better than BMD represents bone health. Regarding ARORC, adequate estrogen levels are protective, opposing the similar effects of hyperparathyroidism and a high calcium diet. Tests need to be performed in mice to assess the lifetime effects of a high versus a low calcium diet, on eventual bone fracture toughness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thijs R Klompmaker
- Groove Union Coop. U.A., van Hogendorpstraat 4, 1051 BP Amsterdam, Noord Holland, The Netherlands.
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Fusi F, Mercatelli L, Basile V, Pucci M, Siano S, Antonio Bernabei P, Monici M. A new method based on contact surface profilometry for quantitative measurement of resorbed bone volume. Phys Med 2005; 21:41-6. [DOI: 10.1016/s1120-1797(05)80018-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2004] [Revised: 12/28/2004] [Accepted: 12/30/2004] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Yilmaz H, Ozgur K, Isikoglu M, Sonmez C, Uner M. Bone resorption starts at 14 days of treatment with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist in in vitro fertilization cycles. Gynecol Endocrinol 2004; 19:40-6. [PMID: 15625772 DOI: 10.1080/09513590410001729185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a) use on bone turnover was investigated in a prospective cohort study of female patients undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment. In 46 couples diagnosed with male-factor infertility, the women underwent a long step-down ovulation induction protocol. Urinary cross-linked N-telopeptide (uNTx) level was used to demonstrate bone turnover rate and was measured at the first day of GnRH-a administration, the first day of gonadotropin administration, the day after human chorionic gonadotropin injection and 12 days after embryo transfer. Urinary NTx levels (mean+/-standard deviation (SD)) were 71+/-34, 81+/-40, 81+/-50 and 83+/-47 nmol BCE/mmol creatinine (BCE, bone collagen equivalents), respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the four measurements (p = 0.28). In 19 women GnRH-a was administered for > or = 14 days. Urinary NTx values of this group and the remaining 27 patients after GnRH-a treatment were 96.2+/-40.7 and 71.5+/-36.8 nmol BCE/mmol creatinine (mean+/-SD), respectively. The difference between these groups was statistically significant (p=0.038). These findings suggest that < 14 days' use of GnRH agonist in IVF patients has no effect on bone metabolism. To our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating that the effect of agonists on bone metabolism starts as soon as estradiol suppression has started.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Yilmaz
- Akdeniz University, School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Antalya, Turkey
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Lesclous P, Guez D, Baroukh B, Vignery A, Saffar JL. Histamine participates in the early phase of trabecular bone loss in ovariectomized rats. Bone 2004; 34:91-9. [PMID: 14751566 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2003.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported that cimetidine, a reference H2 receptor antagonist, attenuates the initial osteoclastic burst and subsequent trabecular bone loss induced by ovariectomy (ovx) in rats. This study was designed to determine whether these effects are specific to H2 antagonism. To this end, we compared the effects of two H2 receptor antagonists, cimetidine and famotidine. In addition, we analyzed the response of histamine-producing cells to these inhibitors. Seventy-two 90-day-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were ovariectomized or sham-operated, and received single daily intramuscular injections of cimetidine (125 mg/kg), famotidine (10 mg/kg), or vehicle. The animals were killed 14 days after surgery and their femurs were processed for histomorphometry. Trabecular bone volume was reduced by 30% in ovx rats and by 15% in cimetidine- and famotidine-treated rats. Architectural parameters were reduced by about 20% in ovx rats. Cimetidine and famotidine attenuated these consequences of ovx by about 50%. Trabecular connectivity was deteriorated by ovx, while cimetidine and famotidine attenuated this effect. Resorption parameters were increased by ovx, while cimetidine and famotidine prevented this increase. Kinetic bone formation parameters were increased by ovx, while cimetidine and famotidine had no influence. Neither cimetidine nor famotidine had any observable effect in sham-treated rats. Mast cell numbers increased by 250% in ovx rats and by only 40% in H2 antagonists-treated ovx rats. A resident histamine-positive, non-mast cell, population found in bone marrow was increased by 25% by ovx. Interestingly, cimetidine and famotidine reduced this population in both sham-operated and ovx rats, famotidine being more potent than cimetidine. These results show that H(2) receptor blockade partially prevents the consequences of castration on cancellous bone resorption in female rats, and strongly suggest that histamine participates in the mediator network regulating estrogen deficiency induced bone resorption. A large population of histamine-producing cells, which differ morphologically from mast cells and belong to an immature marrow population, may be a source of histamine in this model. The H(2) blockers targeted this population, and this effect appeared to explain the anti-resorptive action of the two drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ph Lesclous
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Physiopathologie Crânio-faciales, Groupe Physiopathologie Osseuse, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université René Descartes Paris 5, 92120 Montrouge, France
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Chang K, Hong-Shong Chang W, Yu YH, Shih C. Pulsed electromagnetic field stimulation of bone marrow cells derived from ovariectomized rats affects osteoclast formation and local factor production. Bioelectromagnetics 2004; 25:134-41. [PMID: 14735564 DOI: 10.1002/bem.10168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the effects of a specific pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) stimulation on osteoclast formation in bone marrow cells from ovariectomized rats and to determine if the signal modulates the production of cytokines associated with osteoclast formation. Adult female Wistar rats were subjected to bilateral or sham ovariectomy, and primary bone marrow cells were harvested at 4 days (Subgroup I) and 7 days (Subgroup II) after surgery. Primary bone marrow cells were subsequently placed in chamber slides and set inside solenoids powered by a pulse generator (300 micros, 7.5 Hz) for 1 h per day for 9 days (OVX + PEMF group). Others (INT, SHAM, and OVX groups) were cultured under identical conditions, but no signal was applied. Recruitment and authentication of osteoclast-like cells were evaluated by determining multinuclear, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) positive cells on day 10 of culture and by pit formation assay, respectively. The PEMF signal caused significant reductions in osteoclast formation in both Subgroups I (-55%) and II (-43%). Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) in OVX + PEMF group of Subgroup I were significantly reduced at 5, 7, and 9 days as compared to OVX group. The results found in this study suggest that osteoclastogenesis can be inhibited by PEMF stimulation, putatively due to a concomitant decrease in local factor production. Bioelectromagnetics 25:134-141, 2004.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung-Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Abstract
Estrogen deficiency-induced bone loss is associated with complex changes in the calcium fluxes that constitute calcium balance. We studied the effects of oophorectomy on calcium balance and its components within the first 9 wk after the operation. Six-day calcium balance studies were performed on 30-wk-old female Sprague-Dawley rats before either sham operation or oophorectomy (oophx) and at 3-wk intervals for 9 wk postoperation. The rats were fed a diet containing 0.4g Ca/100 g diet and 0.3 g P/100 g diet throughout the study. The postoperative changes in calcium balance (P < 0.05) and net calcium absorption (P < 0.02) were negative in the oophx group compared with the ovary-intact group. The oophx group excreted more calcium via both the kidney (urine Ca, P < 0.05) and the gastrointestinal tract (endogenous fecal Ca, P < 0.05). The postoperation endogenous fecal calcium was higher at 3 wk postoophorectomy than at later times (P < 0.05). Oophorectomy did not affect true calcium absorption up to 9 wk postoophorectomy. Oophorectomy stimulates bone metabolism and our findings indicate that within the first 9 wk after oophorectomy, bone mineral loss is associated with a transient increase in the excretion of calcium by the gastrointestinal tract and the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter D O'Loughlin
- Division of Clinical Biochemistry and Hanson Institute, Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science, Adelaide, South Australia.
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