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Goliomytis M, Simitzis P, Papalexi A, Veneti N, Hager-Theodorides AL, Charismiadou MA, Deligeorgis SG. Influence of citrus flavonoids on laying hen performance, inflammatory immune response, egg quality and yolk oxidative stability. Br Poult Sci 2019; 60:272-278. [PMID: 30843427 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2019.1587150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
1. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with natural flavonoids (naringin and hesperidin) on laying hens' performance, cellular immunity and egg quality parameters. 2. A total of 72 individually caged laying hens were allocated into 1 of 6 treatment groups: a control (C) group that was fed with a basal diet and groups that were offered the same diet further supplemented with hesperidin at 0.75 g/kg (E1), or 1.5 g/kg (E2), or naringin at 0.75 g/kg (N1), or 1.5 g/kg (N2) or α-tocopheryl acetate at 0.2 mg/kg (VE) for 67 d. 3. Supplementation with naringin or hesperidin did not affect the performance and egg quality (P > 0.05) apart from an improvement in the yolk colour that was more orange in naringin and hesperidin groups in comparison to the controls (P-linear < 0.05). Egg yolk and plasma cholesterol levels were not affected by citrus flavonoids (P-linear > 0.05). 4. Inflammatory immune response, measured by phytohaemagglutinin skin test (PHA), was suppressed in laying hens that were fed with either naringin (P-linear < 0.05) or hesperidin (P < 0.05). Egg yolk oxidative stability was improved from the 4th d after naringin or hesperidin supplementation. This beneficial effect was comparable to that of α-tocopheryl acetate and was observed in eggs that were stored for up to 120 d. 5. In conclusion, naringin and hesperidin may favourably prolong the shelf life of eggs, appear to possess anti-inflammatory properties and could improve the yolk colour without any side effects on the performance or egg quality traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Goliomytis
- a Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture , Agricultural University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - P Simitzis
- a Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture , Agricultural University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - A Papalexi
- a Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture , Agricultural University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - N Veneti
- a Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture , Agricultural University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - A L Hager-Theodorides
- a Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture , Agricultural University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - M A Charismiadou
- a Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture , Agricultural University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - S G Deligeorgis
- a Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture , Agricultural University of Athens , Athens , Greece
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Thompson LA, Ikenaka Y, Darwish WS, Yohannes YB, van Vuren JJ, Wepener V, Smit NJ, Assefa AG, Tharwat A, Eldin WFS, Nakayama SMM, Mizukawa H, Ishizuka M. Investigation of mRNA expression changes associated with field exposure to DDTs in chickens from KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204400. [PMID: 30307967 PMCID: PMC6181288 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to identify potential mRNA expression changes in chicken livers associated with environmental exposure to dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolites (DDTs). In particular, we focused on genes relating to the immune system and metabolism. We analyzed liver samples from free-ranging chickens in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, for contamination by DDTs. This area predominantly uses DDT in its malaria control program, and homes are sprayed annually with the pesticide. Genes relating to the immune system and metabolism were selected as potential genetic biomarkers that could be linked to higher contamination with DDTs. RT-qPCR analysis on 39 samples showed strong correlations between DDTs contamination and mRNA expression for the following genes: AvBD1, AvBD2, AvBD6 and AvBD7 (down-regulated), and CYP17, ELOVL2 and SQLE (up-regulated). This study shows for the first time interesting and significant correlations between genetic material collected from environmentally-exposed chickens and mRNA expression of several genes involved in immunity and metabolism. These findings show the usefulness of analysis on field samples from a region with high levels of environmental contamination in detecting potential biomarkers of exposure. In particular, we observed clear effects from DDT contamination on mRNA expression of genes involved in immune suppression, endocrine-disrupting effects, and lipid dysregulation. These results are of interest in guiding future studies to further elucidate the pathways involved in and clinical importance of toxicity associated with DDT exposure from contaminated environments, to ascertain the health risk to livestock and any subsequent risks to food security for people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesa A. Thompson
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Ikenaka
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Wageh S. Darwish
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- Food Control Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Yared B. Yohannes
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Johan J. van Vuren
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Victor Wepener
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Nico J. Smit
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Atnafu G. Assefa
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Ahmed Tharwat
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- Food Control Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Walaa Fathy Saad Eldin
- Educational Veterinary Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Shouta M. M. Nakayama
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hazuki Mizukawa
- Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Mayumi Ishizuka
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Dean KM, Baltos LD, Marcell AM, Bohannon MEB, Iwaniuk AN, Ottinger MA. Uptake of radiolabeled 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl into Japanese quail egg compartments and embryo following air cell and albumen injection. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2018; 37:126-135. [PMID: 28865120 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The avian embryo is an excellent model for testing adverse developmental effects of environmental chemicals as well as uptake and movement of xenobiotics within the egg compartments. Before incubation at embryonic day 0, 14 C 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (14 C PCB 77) was injected into Japanese quail eggs either onto the air cell or into the albumen. All egg components were collected on embryonic day 1, 5, or 10, and concentrations of 14 C PCB 77 were measured in various egg components (shell, membrane, yolk, albumen, and embryo). The results showed measurable 14 C PCB 77 in all egg components, with changing concentrations in each egg component over the course of embryonic development. Specifically, concentrations in the shell content decreased between embryonic days 1 and 10, increased in albumen from embryonic days 1 to 5 and then decreased at embryonic day 10, and increased in both yolk and embryo from embryonic days 1 to 10. Vehicle and injection site both influenced 14 C PCB 77 allantoic fluid concentrations, with little effect on other egg components except for the inner shell membrane. The fatty acid vehicle injected into the albumen yielded the highest 14 C PCB 77 recovery. These findings demonstrate dynamic movement of toxicants throughout the egg components during avian embryonic development and a steady increase of relatively low levels of 14 C PCB 77 in the embryo compared with the yolk, albumen, and shell, suggesting that embryonic uptake (i.e., exposure) mirrors utilization of egg components for nutrition and growth during development. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:126-135. © 2017 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M Dean
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Leah D Baltos
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Allegra M Marcell
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Meredith E B Bohannon
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrew N Iwaniuk
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Mary Ann Ottinger
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
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Troisi GM. T-cell responses in oiled guillemots and swans in a rehabilitation setting. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2013; 65:142-148. [PMID: 23512262 PMCID: PMC4055837 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-013-9885-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 02/24/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic birds are commonly affected by oil spills. Despite rehabilitation efforts, the majority of rehabilitated common guillemots (Uria aalge) do not survive, whereas mute swans (Cygnus olor) tend to have higher postrelease survival. Polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) present in crude oil and diesel are immunotoxic in birds affecting cell-mediated responses to immunogens. Because it is a target of PAH toxicity, T-lymphocyte response to controlled mitogen administration (phytohemagglutinnin test) was investigated in a scoping study as a potentially useful minimally invasive in vivo test of cell-mediated immunity. The test was performed on 69 mute swans and 31 common guillemots stranded on the Norfolk and Lincolnshire coastline and inland waterways in England (UK) either due to injury or to contamination with crude or diesel oil. T-lymphocyte response was significantly decreased in swans with greater oil scores. T-lymphocyte responses were also decreased in guillemots, but this finding was not statistically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gera M Troisi
- School of Engineering and Design, Brunel University, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, Middlesex UB8 3PH, UK.
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