1
|
Tedersoo L, Mikryukov V, Zizka A, Bahram M, Hagh‐Doust N, Anslan S, Prylutskyi O, Delgado‐Baquerizo M, Maestre FT, Pärn J, Öpik M, Moora M, Zobel M, Espenberg M, Mander Ü, Khalid AN, Corrales A, Agan A, Vasco‐Palacios A, Saitta A, Rinaldi AC, Verbeken A, Sulistyo BP, Tamgnoue B, Furneaux B, Ritter CD, Nyamukondiwa C, Sharp C, Marín C, Gohar D, Klavina D, Sharmah D, Dai DQ, Nouhra E, Biersma EM, Rähn E, Cameron E, De Crop E, Otsing E, Davydov EA, Albornoz F, Brearley FQ, Buegger F, Zahn G, Bonito G, Hiiesalu I, Barrio IC, Heilmann‐Clausen J, Ankuda J, Kupagme JY, Maciá‐Vicente JG, Fovo JD, Geml J, Alatalo JM, Alvarez‐Manjarrez J, Põldmaa K, Runnel K, Adamson K, Bråthen KA, Pritsch K, Tchan KI, Armolaitis K, Hyde KD, Newsham K, Panksep K, Lateef AA, Tiirmann L, Hansson L, Lamit LJ, Saba M, Tuomi M, Gryzenhout M, Bauters M, Piepenbring M, Wijayawardene N, Yorou NS, Kurina O, Mortimer PE, Meidl P, Kohout P, Nilsson RH, Puusepp R, Drenkhan R, Garibay‐Orijel R, Godoy R, Alkahtani S, Rahimlou S, Dudov SV, Põlme S, Ghosh S, Mundra S, Ahmed T, Netherway T, Henkel TW, Roslin T, Nteziryayo V, Fedosov VE, Onipchenko V, Yasanthika WAE, Lim YW, Soudzilovskaia NA, Antonelli A, Kõljalg U, Abarenkov K. Global patterns in endemicity and vulnerability of soil fungi. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:6696-6710. [PMID: 36056462 PMCID: PMC9826061 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Fungi are highly diverse organisms, which provide multiple ecosystem services. However, compared with charismatic animals and plants, the distribution patterns and conservation needs of fungi have been little explored. Here, we examined endemicity patterns, global change vulnerability and conservation priority areas for functional groups of soil fungi based on six global surveys using a high-resolution, long-read metabarcoding approach. We found that the endemicity of all fungi and most functional groups peaks in tropical habitats, including Amazonia, Yucatan, West-Central Africa, Sri Lanka, and New Caledonia, with a negligible island effect compared with plants and animals. We also found that fungi are predominantly vulnerable to drought, heat and land-cover change, particularly in dry tropical regions with high human population density. Fungal conservation areas of highest priority include herbaceous wetlands, tropical forests, and woodlands. We stress that more attention should be focused on the conservation of fungi, especially root symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal fungi in tropical regions as well as unicellular early-diverging groups and macrofungi in general. Given the low overlap between the endemicity of fungi and macroorganisms, but high conservation needs in both groups, detailed analyses on distribution and conservation requirements are warranted for other microorganisms and soil organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leho Tedersoo
- Mycology and Microbiology CenterUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
| | | | | | - Mohammad Bahram
- Department of EcologySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden
| | | | - Sten Anslan
- Institute of Ecology and Earth SciencesUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
| | - Oleh Prylutskyi
- Department of Mycology and Plant Resistance, School of BiologyV.N. Karazin Kharkiv National UniversityKharkivUkraine
| | - Manuel Delgado‐Baquerizo
- Laboratorio de Biodiversidad y Funcionamiento Ecosistémico, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS), CSIC, and Unidad Asociada CSIC‐UPO (BioFun)Universidad Pablo de OlavideSevillaSpain
| | - Fernando T. Maestre
- Departamento de Ecología, Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio ‘Ramón Margalef’Universidad de AlicanteAlicanteSpain
| | - Jaan Pärn
- Institute of Ecology and Earth SciencesUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
| | - Maarja Öpik
- Institute of Ecology and Earth SciencesUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
| | - Mari Moora
- Institute of Ecology and Earth SciencesUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
| | - Martin Zobel
- Institute of Ecology and Earth SciencesUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
| | - Mikk Espenberg
- Institute of Ecology and Earth SciencesUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
| | - Ülo Mander
- Institute of Ecology and Earth SciencesUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
| | | | - Adriana Corrales
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología‐UR (CIMBIUR)Universidad del RosarioBogotáColombia
| | - Ahto Agan
- Institute of Forestry and EngineeringEstonian University of Life SciencesTartuEstonia
| | - Aída‐M. Vasco‐Palacios
- BioMicro, Escuela de MicrobiologíaUniversidad de Antioquia UdeAMedellinAntioquiaColombia
| | - Alessandro Saitta
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest SciencesUniversity of PalermoPalermoItaly
| | - Andrea C. Rinaldi
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of CagliariCagliariItaly
| | | | - Bobby P. Sulistyo
- Department of BiomedicineIndonesia International Institute for Life SciencesJakartaIndonesia
| | - Boris Tamgnoue
- Department of Crop ScienceUniversity of DschangDschangCameroon
| | - Brendan Furneaux
- Department of Ecology and GeneticsUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | | | - Casper Nyamukondiwa
- Department of Biological Sciences and BiotechnologyBotswana International University of Science and TechnologyPalapyeBotswana
| | - Cathy Sharp
- Natural History Museum of ZimbabweBulawayoZimbabwe
| | - César Marín
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación para el Cambio Climático (CiiCC)Universidad SantoTomásSantiagoChile
| | - Daniyal Gohar
- Mycology and Microbiology CenterUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
| | - Darta Klavina
- Latvian State Forest Research Insitute SilavaSalaspilsLatvia
| | - Dipon Sharmah
- Department of Botany, Jawaharlal Nehru Rajkeeya MahavidyalayaPondicherry UniversityPort BlairIndia
| | - Dong Qin Dai
- College of Biological Resource and Food EngineeringQujing Normal UniversityQujingChina
| | - Eduardo Nouhra
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (CONICET)Universidad Nacional de CórdobaCordobaArgentina
| | | | - Elisabeth Rähn
- Institute of Forestry and EngineeringEstonian University of Life SciencesTartuEstonia
| | - Erin K. Cameron
- Department of Environmental ScienceSaint Mary's UniversityHalifaxCanada
| | | | - Eveli Otsing
- Mycology and Microbiology CenterUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
| | | | | | - Francis Q. Brearley
- Department of Natural SciencesManchester Metropolitan UniversityManchesterUK
| | | | | | - Gregory Bonito
- Plant, Soil and Microbial SciencesMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
| | - Inga Hiiesalu
- Institute of Ecology and Earth SciencesUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
| | - Isabel C. Barrio
- Faculty of Natural and Environmental SciencesAgricultural University of IcelandHvanneyriIceland
| | | | - Jelena Ankuda
- Department of Silviculture and EcologyInstitute of Forestry of Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry (LAMMC)GirionysLithuania
| | - John Y. Kupagme
- Mycology and Microbiology CenterUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
| | - Jose G. Maciá‐Vicente
- Plant Ecology and Nature ConservationWageningen University & ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | | | - József Geml
- ELKH‐EKKE Lendület Environmental Microbiome Research GroupEszterházy Károly Catholic UniversityEgerHungary
| | | | | | - Kadri Põldmaa
- Institute of Ecology and Earth SciencesUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
| | - Kadri Runnel
- Institute of Ecology and Earth SciencesUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
| | - Kalev Adamson
- Institute of Forestry and EngineeringEstonian University of Life SciencesTartuEstonia
| | - Kari Anne Bråthen
- Department of Arctic and Marine BiologyThe Arctic University of NorwayTromsøNorway
| | | | - Kassim I. Tchan
- Research Unit Tropical Mycology and Plants‐Soil Fungi InteractionsUniversity of ParakouParakouBenin
| | - Kęstutis Armolaitis
- Department of Silviculture and EcologyInstitute of Forestry of Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry (LAMMC)GirionysLithuania
| | - Kevin D. Hyde
- Center of Excellence in Fungal ResearchMae Fah Luang UniversityChiang RaiThailand
| | | | - Kristel Panksep
- Chair of Hydrobiology and FisheryEstonian University of Life SciencesTartuEstonia
| | | | - Liis Tiirmann
- Mycology and Microbiology CenterUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
| | - Linda Hansson
- Gothenburg Centre for Sustainable DevelopmentGothenburgSweden
| | - Louis J. Lamit
- Department of BiologySyracuse UniversitySyracuseNew YorkUSA
- Department of Environmental and Forest BiologyState University of New York College of Environmental Science and ForestrySyracuseNew YorkUSA
| | - Malka Saba
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐i‐Azam UniversityIslamabadPakistan
| | - Maria Tuomi
- Department of Arctic and Marine BiologyThe Arctic University of NorwayTromsøNorway
| | - Marieka Gryzenhout
- Department of GeneticsUniversity of the Free StateBloemfonteinSouth Africa
| | | | - Meike Piepenbring
- Mycology Working GroupGoethe University Frankfurt am MainFrankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Nalin Wijayawardene
- College of Biological Resource and Food EngineeringQujing Normal UniversityQujingChina
| | - Nourou S. Yorou
- Research Unit Tropical Mycology and Plants‐Soil Fungi InteractionsUniversity of ParakouParakouBenin
| | - Olavi Kurina
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental SciencesEstonian University of Life SciencesTartuEstonia
| | - Peter E. Mortimer
- Center For Mountain Futures, Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
| | - Peter Meidl
- Institut für BiologieFreie Universität BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Petr Kohout
- Institute of MicrobiologyCzech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic
| | - Rolf Henrik Nilsson
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity CentreUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Rasmus Puusepp
- Mycology and Microbiology CenterUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
| | - Rein Drenkhan
- Institute of Forestry and EngineeringEstonian University of Life SciencesTartuEstonia
| | | | - Roberto Godoy
- Instituto Ciencias Ambientales y EvolutivasUniversidad Austral de ChileValdiviaChile
| | - Saad Alkahtani
- College of ScienceKing Saud UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Rahimlou
- Mycology and Microbiology CenterUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
| | - Sergey V. Dudov
- Department of Ecology and Plant GeographyMoscow Lomonosov State UniversityMoscowRussia
| | - Sergei Põlme
- Mycology and Microbiology CenterUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
| | - Soumya Ghosh
- Department of GeneticsUniversity of the Free StateBloemfonteinSouth Africa
| | - Sunil Mundra
- Department of Biology, College of ScienceUnited Arab Emirates UniversityAbu DhabiUAE
| | - Talaat Ahmed
- Environmental Science CenterQatar UniversityDohaQatar
| | - Tarquin Netherway
- Department of EcologySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden
| | - Terry W. Henkel
- Department of Biological SciencesCalifornia State Polytechnic UniversityArcataCaliforniaUSA
| | - Tomas Roslin
- Department of EcologySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden
| | - Vincent Nteziryayo
- Department of Food Science and TechnologyUniversity of BurundiBujumburaBurundi
| | - Vladimir E. Fedosov
- Department of Ecology and Plant GeographyMoscow Lomonosov State UniversityMoscowRussia
| | | | | | - Young Woon Lim
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of MicrobiologySeoul National UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
| | | | | | - Urmas Kõljalg
- Institute of Ecology and Earth SciencesUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
de Freitas EN, Salgado JCS, Alnoch RC, Contato AG, Habermann E, Michelin M, Martínez CA, Polizeli MDLTM. Challenges of Biomass Utilization for Bioenergy in a Climate Change Scenario. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:1277. [PMID: 34943192 PMCID: PMC8698859 DOI: 10.3390/biology10121277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The climate changes expected for the next decades will expose plants to increasing occurrences of combined abiotic stresses, including drought, higher temperatures, and elevated CO2 atmospheric concentrations. These abiotic stresses have significant consequences on photosynthesis and other plants' physiological processes and can lead to tolerance mechanisms that impact metabolism dynamics and limit plant productivity. Furthermore, due to the high carbohydrate content on the cell wall, plants represent a an essential source of lignocellulosic biomass for biofuels production. Thus, it is necessary to estimate their potential as feedstock for renewable energy production in future climate conditions since the synthesis of cell wall components seems to be affected by abiotic stresses. This review provides a brief overview of plant responses and the tolerance mechanisms applied in climate change scenarios that could impact its use as lignocellulosic biomass for bioenergy purposes. Important steps of biofuel production, which might influence the effects of climate change, besides biomass pretreatments and enzymatic biochemical conversions, are also discussed. We believe that this study may improve our understanding of the plant biological adaptations to combined abiotic stress and assist in the decision-making for selecting key agronomic crops that can be efficiently adapted to climate changes and applied in bioenergy production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emanuelle Neiverth de Freitas
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (FMRP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, São Paulo, Brazil; (E.N.d.F.); (A.G.C.)
| | - José Carlos Santos Salgado
- Department of Chemistry, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto (FFCLRP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-901, São Paulo, Brazil;
| | - Robson Carlos Alnoch
- Department of Biology, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto (FFCLRP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-901, São Paulo, Brazil; (R.C.A.); (E.H.); (C.A.M.)
| | - Alex Graça Contato
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (FMRP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, São Paulo, Brazil; (E.N.d.F.); (A.G.C.)
| | - Eduardo Habermann
- Department of Biology, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto (FFCLRP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-901, São Paulo, Brazil; (R.C.A.); (E.H.); (C.A.M.)
| | - Michele Michelin
- Centre of Biological Engineering (CEB), Gualtar Campus, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal;
| | - Carlos Alberto Martínez
- Department of Biology, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto (FFCLRP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-901, São Paulo, Brazil; (R.C.A.); (E.H.); (C.A.M.)
| | - Maria de Lourdes T. M. Polizeli
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (FMRP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, São Paulo, Brazil; (E.N.d.F.); (A.G.C.)
- Department of Biology, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto (FFCLRP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-901, São Paulo, Brazil; (R.C.A.); (E.H.); (C.A.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zheng H, Qiao M, Xu J, Yu Z. Culture-Based and Culture-Independent Assessments of Endophytic Fungal Diversity in Aquatic Plants in Southwest China. FRONTIERS IN FUNGAL BIOLOGY 2021; 2:692549. [PMID: 37744110 PMCID: PMC10512276 DOI: 10.3389/ffunb.2021.692549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic ecosystems contain tremendous plant and microbial diversity. However, little is known about endophyte diversity in aquatic plants. In this study, we investigated the diversity of endophytic fungi in aquatic plants in southwest China using both culture-based and culture-independent high-throughput sequencing methods. A total of 1,689 fungal isolates belonging to three phyla and 154 genera were obtained from 15,373 plant tissue segments of 30 aquatic plant species. The most abundant endophytic fungi were those in ascomycete genera Aspergillus, Ceratophoma, Fusarium, Penicillium, Phoma and Plectosporium. No difference in fungal isolation rates was observed among tissues from roots, stems, and leaves. Twenty tissue samples from three most common plant species were further subjected to culture-independent meta-barcode sequencing. The sequence-based analyses revealed a total of 1,074 OTUs belonging to six fungal phyla and 194 genera. Among the three plants, Batrachium bungei harbored the highest number of OTUs. Besides, a total of 66 genera were detected by two methods. Both the culture-dependent and independent methods revealed that aquatic plants in southwest China have abundant endophytic fungal diversity. This study significantly expands our knowledge of the fungal community of aquatic plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zheng
- Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Min Qiao
- Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Jianping Xu
- Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Zefen Yu
- Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Narayanan A, Ismert KJ, Smith MD, Jumpponen A. Soil fungal communities are compositionally resistant to drought manipulations – Evidence from culture-dependent and culture-independent analyses. FUNGAL ECOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2021.101062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
5
|
Huang Q, Jiao F, Huang Y, Li N, Wang B, Gao H, An S. Response of soil fungal community composition and functions on the alteration of precipitation in the grassland of Loess Plateau. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 751:142273. [PMID: 33182000 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A change in precipitation caused by climate change is an important factor that affects the biodiversity and ecological function of arid and semi-arid regions, but its influence on the composition and function of the soil fungi community in the grasslands of the Loess Plateau remains unclear. To fill this knowledge gap, we conducted an in-situ simulation experiment using five precipitation gradients (natural precipitation, increased and decreased by 40%, and 80%) in a natural restoration grassland for three years. The composition of soil fungal communities and their functions were analyzed using high-throughput sequencing techniques. Although the change of precipitation did not change the diversity index of soil fungi, it changed the composition and function of dominant fungal community groups. Specifically, decreased precipitation resulted in an increase in the relative abundance of Dothideomycetes and Boeremia by up to 12.17% and 9.93%, respectively, while these decreased with increased precipitation. The abundance of Basidiomycota, Glomeromycota, and Agaricomycetes abundance decreased by up to 11.27%, 6.96%, and 11.46% with decreased precipitation, but also decreased by up to 10.9%, 1.73%, and 10.51% with increased precipitation, respectively. However, the abundance of Ascomycota, Pezizomycetes, and norank_Pezizales increased by up to 22.58%, 7.45%, and 6.95% with decreased precipitation, and increased by up to 12.05%, 8.43%, and 5.81% with increased precipitation, respectively. The number of dominant fungal groups with interactive relationships weakened by 34.93% and 8.7% under decreased precipitation by 80% and increased 80%, respectively. Precipitation change had no significant effect on the proportion of saprotrophs, while a decrease of precipitation increased the endophyte-plant pathogens by up to 58.0% and decreased arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi by up to 92.6%. In brief, the dominant soil fungal communities could adapt and respond to climate change by altering the proportion of different dominant fungal groups by responding to moisture patterns with changes in the interrelationships between microbial communities and the proportional distribution of functional groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Huang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agro-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Feng Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yimei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agro-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Baorong Wang
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Science and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Han Gao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agro-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shaoshan An
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
de Oliveira TB, de Lucas RC, Scarcella ASDA, Contato AG, Pasin TM, Martinez CA, Polizeli MDLTDM. Fungal communities differentially respond to warming and drought in tropical grassland soil. Mol Ecol 2020; 29:1550-1559. [PMID: 32243629 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Climate change is predicted to cause more extreme events, such as heatwaves, and different precipitation patterns. The effects of warming and short-term drought on soil microbial communities, in particular fungal communities, remain largely unexplored under field conditions. Here, we evaluated how the fungal community of a tropical grassland soil responds to these changes. A field experiment was carried out in a temperature free-air controlled enhancement (T-FACE) facility in Ribeirão Preto, Brazil. The isolated and combined effects of drought and a 2°C increase in temperature were investigated. Based on metabarcoding of the ITS2 region, a total of 771 operational taxonomic units were observed. While warming affected the community structure, drought affected the alpha diversity, and the interaction between warming and drought affected both diversity and structure. The change in community composition driven by warming affected only the less abundant species (>1% of the total sequences). The aspect of the fungal communities that was most affected was diversity, which was increased by drought (p < .05), mostly by reducing the dominance of a single species, as observed in the watered plots. In a phylogenetic context, some fungal taxa were favoured by changes in temperature (Hypocreales) and drought (Sordariales) or disadvantaged by both (Pleosporales). It was of note that a water deficit increased the abundance of phytopathogenic fungi, such as Curvularia, Thielavia and Fusarium species. Overall, our results provide evidence that fungal communities in tropical grassland soils have greater sensitivity to drought than to temperature, which might increase the incidence of certain soil-borne diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosymar Coutinho de Lucas
- Department of Biology, FFCLRP, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto - SP, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Ana Silvia de Almeida Scarcella
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Alex Graça Contato
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Thiago Machado Pasin
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Maria de Lourdes Teixeira de Moraes Polizeli
- Department of Biology, FFCLRP, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto - SP, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Duell EB, Zaiger K, Bever JD, Wilson GWT. Climate Affects Plant-Soil Feedback of Native and Invasive Grasses: Negative Feedbacks in Stable but Not in Variable Environments. Front Ecol Evol 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2019.00419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
8
|
Distinct responses from bacterial, archaeal and fungal streambed communities to severe hydrological disturbances. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13506. [PMID: 31534180 PMCID: PMC6751160 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49832-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Stream microbes that occur in the Mediterranean Basin have been shown to possess heightened sensitivity to intensified water stress attributed to climate change. Here, we investigate the effects of long-term drought (150 days), storms and rewetting (7 days) on the diversity and composition of archaea, bacteria and fungi inhabiting intermittent streambed sediment (surface and hyporheic) and buried leaves. Hydrological alterations modified the archaeal community composition more than the bacterial community composition, whereas fungi were the least affected. Throughout the experiment, archaeal communities colonizing sediments showed greater phylogenetic distances compared to those of bacteria and fungi, suggesting considerable adaptation to severe hydrological disturbances. The increase in the class abundances, such as those of Thermoplasmata within archaea and of Actinobacteria and Bacilli within bacteria, revealed signs of transitioning to a drought-favoured and soil-like community composition. Strikingly, we found that in comparison to the drying phase, water return (as sporadic storms and rewetting) led to larger shifts in the surface microbial community composition and diversity. In addition, microhabitat characteristics, such as the greater capacity of the hyporheic zone to maintain/conserve moisture, tended to modulate the ability of certain microbes (e.g., bacteria) to cope with severe hydrological disturbances.
Collapse
|
9
|
Banos S, Lentendu G, Kopf A, Wubet T, Glöckner FO, Reich M. A comprehensive fungi-specific 18S rRNA gene sequence primer toolkit suited for diverse research issues and sequencing platforms. BMC Microbiol 2018; 18:190. [PMID: 30458701 PMCID: PMC6247509 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-018-1331-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several fungi-specific primers target the 18S rRNA gene sequence, one of the prominent markers for fungal classification. The design of most primers goes back to the last decades. Since then, the number of sequences in public databases increased leading to the discovery of new fungal groups and changes in fungal taxonomy. However, no reevaluation of primers was carried out and relevant information on most primers is missing. With this study, we aimed to develop an 18S rRNA gene sequence primer toolkit allowing an easy selection of the best primer pair appropriate for different sequencing platforms, research aims (biodiversity assessment versus isolate classification) and target groups. RESULTS We performed an intensive literature research, reshuffled existing primers into new pairs, designed new Illumina-primers, and annealing blocking oligonucleotides. A final number of 439 primer pairs were subjected to in silico PCRs. Best primer pairs were selected and experimentally tested. The most promising primer pair with a small amplicon size, nu-SSU-1333-5'/nu-SSU-1647-3' (FF390/FR-1), was successful in describing fungal communities by Illumina sequencing. Results were confirmed by a simultaneous metagenomics and eukaryote-specific primer approach. Co-amplification occurred in all sample types but was effectively reduced by blocking oligonucleotides. CONCLUSIONS The compiled data revealed the presence of an enormous diversity of fungal 18S rRNA gene primer pairs in terms of fungal coverage, phylum spectrum and co-amplification. Therefore, the primer pair has to be carefully selected to fulfill the requirements of the individual research projects. The presented primer toolkit offers comprehensive lists of 164 primers, 439 primer combinations, 4 blocking oligonucleotides, and top primer pairs holding all relevant information including primer's characteristics and performance to facilitate primer pair selection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanos Banos
- Molecular Ecology, Institute of Ecology, FB02, University of Bremen, Leobener Str. 2, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Guillaume Lentendu
- Department of Soil Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH - UFZ, Halle-Saale, Germany.,Department of Ecology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Anna Kopf
- Microbial Genomics and Bioinformatics Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
| | - Tesfaye Wubet
- Department of Soil Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH - UFZ, Halle-Saale, Germany.,Present address: Department of Community Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH - UFZ, Halle-Saale, Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Frank Oliver Glöckner
- Microbial Genomics and Bioinformatics Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany.,Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen gGmbH, Bremen, Germany
| | - Marlis Reich
- Molecular Ecology, Institute of Ecology, FB02, University of Bremen, Leobener Str. 2, 28359, Bremen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hahn PG, Bullington L, Larkin B, LaFlamme K, Maron JL, Lekberg Y. Effects of Short- and Long-Term Variation in Resource Conditions on Soil Fungal Communities and Plant Responses to Soil Biota. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1605. [PMID: 30459793 DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5926378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Soil biota can strongly influence plant performance with effects ranging from negative to positive. However, shifts in resource availability can influence plant responses, with soil pathogens having stronger negative effects in high-resource environments and soil mutualists, such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), having stronger positive effects in low-resource environments. Yet the relative importance of long-term vs. short-term variation in resources on soil biota and plant responses is not well-known. To assess this, we grew the perennial herb Asclepias speciosa in a greenhouse experiment that crossed a watering treatment (wet vs. dry treatment) with a manipulation of soil biota (live vs. sterilized soil) collected from two geographic regions (Washington and Minnesota) that vary greatly in annual precipitation. Because soil biota can influence many plant functional traits, we measured biomass as well as resource acquisition (e.g., root:shoot, specific leaf area) and defense (e.g., trichome and latex production) traits. Due to their important role as mutualists and pathogens, we also characterized soil fungal communities in the field and greenhouse and used curated databases to assess fungal composition and potential function. We found that the experimental watering treatment had a greater effect than soil biota origin on plant responses; most plant traits were negatively affected by live soils under wet conditions, whereas responses were neutral or positive in live dry soil. These consistent differences in plant responses occurred despite clear differences in soil fungal community composition between inoculate origin and watering treatments, which indicates high functional redundancy among soil fungi. All plants grown in live soil were highly colonized by AMF and root colonization was higher in wet than dry soil; root colonization by other fungi was low in all treatments. The most parsimonious explanation for negative plant responses in wet soil is that AMF became parasitic under conditions that alleviated resource limitation. Thus, plant responses appeared driven by shifts within rather than between fungal guilds, which highlights the importance of coupling growth responses with characterizations of soil biota to fully understand underlying mechanisms. Collectively these results highlight how short-term changes in environmental conditions can mediate complex interactions between plants and soil biota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip G Hahn
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
| | | | | | | | - John L Maron
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
| | - Ylva Lekberg
- MPG Ranch, Missoula, MT, United States
- Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hahn PG, Bullington L, Larkin B, LaFlamme K, Maron JL, Lekberg Y. Effects of Short- and Long-Term Variation in Resource Conditions on Soil Fungal Communities and Plant Responses to Soil Biota. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1605. [PMID: 30459793 PMCID: PMC6233719 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Soil biota can strongly influence plant performance with effects ranging from negative to positive. However, shifts in resource availability can influence plant responses, with soil pathogens having stronger negative effects in high-resource environments and soil mutualists, such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), having stronger positive effects in low-resource environments. Yet the relative importance of long-term vs. short-term variation in resources on soil biota and plant responses is not well-known. To assess this, we grew the perennial herb Asclepias speciosa in a greenhouse experiment that crossed a watering treatment (wet vs. dry treatment) with a manipulation of soil biota (live vs. sterilized soil) collected from two geographic regions (Washington and Minnesota) that vary greatly in annual precipitation. Because soil biota can influence many plant functional traits, we measured biomass as well as resource acquisition (e.g., root:shoot, specific leaf area) and defense (e.g., trichome and latex production) traits. Due to their important role as mutualists and pathogens, we also characterized soil fungal communities in the field and greenhouse and used curated databases to assess fungal composition and potential function. We found that the experimental watering treatment had a greater effect than soil biota origin on plant responses; most plant traits were negatively affected by live soils under wet conditions, whereas responses were neutral or positive in live dry soil. These consistent differences in plant responses occurred despite clear differences in soil fungal community composition between inoculate origin and watering treatments, which indicates high functional redundancy among soil fungi. All plants grown in live soil were highly colonized by AMF and root colonization was higher in wet than dry soil; root colonization by other fungi was low in all treatments. The most parsimonious explanation for negative plant responses in wet soil is that AMF became parasitic under conditions that alleviated resource limitation. Thus, plant responses appeared driven by shifts within rather than between fungal guilds, which highlights the importance of coupling growth responses with characterizations of soil biota to fully understand underlying mechanisms. Collectively these results highlight how short-term changes in environmental conditions can mediate complex interactions between plants and soil biota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip G. Hahn
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
| | | | | | | | - John L. Maron
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
| | - Ylva Lekberg
- MPG Ranch, Missoula, MT, United States
- Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
| |
Collapse
|