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Shamaev ND, Shuralev EA, Mukminov MN. Current status of Nosema spp. infection cases in apis mellifera in eurasian countries and Ptp3 gene haplotypes in the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia. Vet Res Commun 2024:10.1007/s11259-024-10383-3. [PMID: 38644458 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-024-10383-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
The current status of Nosema spp. infections in A. mellifera throughout Eurasia was characterized using electronic databases. Although N. ceranae was predominantly detected in southwestern and south-central regions and N. apis in northwestern and north-central areas, most studies reported the occurrence of both species in Eurasia. In addition, the occurrence of Nosema spp. and Ptp3 gene haplotypes was investigated in the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia. Most of the examined honey bees were infected with both N. apis and N. ceranae. N. apis and N. ceranae isolates were either heterozygous or belonged to different strains and showed infection with more than one strain. New haplotypes were found for N. apis and N. ceranae in the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia. This study expands the data regarding existing haplotypes of Nosema species: there are currently 9 shared and 56 unique Ptp3 nucleotide sequence haplotypes of N. ceranae, and 2 shared and 7 unique haplotypes of N. apis, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai D Shamaev
- Central Research Laboratory, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education (Kazan State Medical Academy Branch), Republic of Tatarstan, 36 Butlerova St, Kazan, 420012, Russia.
- Department of Applied Ecology, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Kazan Federal University, Republic of Tatarstan, 18 Kremlyovskaya St, Kazan, 420008, Russia.
- Kazan State Medical University, Republic of Tatarstan, 49 Butlerova St, Kazan, 420012, Russia.
| | - Eduard A Shuralev
- Central Research Laboratory, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education (Kazan State Medical Academy Branch), Republic of Tatarstan, 36 Butlerova St, Kazan, 420012, Russia
- Department of Applied Ecology, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Kazan Federal University, Republic of Tatarstan, 18 Kremlyovskaya St, Kazan, 420008, Russia
- Kazan State Academy of Veterinary Medicine named after N.E. Bauman, Republic of Tatarstan, 35 Sibirskiy tract St, 420029, Kazan, Russia
| | - Malik N Mukminov
- Central Research Laboratory, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education (Kazan State Medical Academy Branch), Republic of Tatarstan, 36 Butlerova St, Kazan, 420012, Russia
- Department of Applied Ecology, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Kazan Federal University, Republic of Tatarstan, 18 Kremlyovskaya St, Kazan, 420008, Russia
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Wei X, Zheng J, Evans JD, Huang Q. Transgenerational genomic analyses reveal allelic oscillation and purifying selection in a gut parasite Nosema ceranae. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:927892. [PMID: 36386715 PMCID: PMC9664190 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.927892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Standing genetic variation is the predominant source acted on by selection. Organisms with high genetic diversity generally show faster responses toward environmental change. Nosema ceranae is a microsporidian parasite of honey bees, infecting midgut epithelial cells. High genetic diversity has been found in this parasite, but the mechanism for the parasite to maintain this diversity remains unclear. This study involved continuous inoculation of N. ceranae to honey bees. We found that the parasites slowly increased genetic diversity over three continuous inoculations. The number of lost single nucleotide variants (SNVs) was balanced with novel SNVs, which were mainly embedded in coding regions. Classic allele frequency oscillation was found at the regional level along the genome, and the associated genes were enriched in apoptosis regulation and ATP binding. The ratio of synonymous and non-synonymous substitution suggests a purifying selection, and our results provide novel insights into the evolutionary dynamics in microsporidian parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxiu Wei
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Honeybee Biology and Beekeeping, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China,Honeybee Research Institute, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jialan Zheng
- College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jay D. Evans
- USDA-ARS Bee Research Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, United States
| | - Qiang Huang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Honeybee Biology and Beekeeping, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China,Honeybee Research Institute, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China,*Correspondence: Qiang Huang,
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Wei X, Evans JD, Chen Y, Huang Q. Spillover and genome selection of the gut parasite Nosema ceranae between honey bee species. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1026154. [PMID: 36304932 PMCID: PMC9592821 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1026154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nosema ceranae is a honey bee gut parasite that has recently spilled to another honey bee host through trading. The impact of infection on the native host is minor, which is substantial in the novel host. In this study, artificial inoculation simulated the parasite transmission from the native to the novel host. We found that the parasite initiated proliferation earlier in the novel host than in the native host. Additionally, parasite gene expression was significantly higher when infecting the novel host compared with the native host, leading to a significantly higher number of spores. Allele frequencies were similar for spores of parasites infecting both native and novel hosts. This suggests that the high number of spores found in the novel host was not caused by a subset of more fit spores from native hosts. Native hosts also showed a higher number of up-regulated genes in response to infection when compared with novel hosts. Our data further showed that native hosts suppressed parasite gene expression and arguably sacrificed cells to limit the parasite. The results provide novel insights into host defenses and gene selection during a parasite spillover event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxiu Wei
- Honeybee Research Institute, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jay D. Evans
- USDA-ARS Bee Research Laboratory, BARC-East Building 306, Beltsville, MD, United States
| | - Yanping Chen
- USDA-ARS Bee Research Laboratory, BARC-East Building 306, Beltsville, MD, United States
| | - Qiang Huang
- Honeybee Research Institute, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- Department of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Qiang Huang,
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Marín-García PJ, Peyre Y, Ahuir-Baraja AE, Garijo MM, Llobat L. The Role of Nosema ceranae (Microsporidia: Nosematidae) in Honey Bee Colony Losses and Current Insights on Treatment. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9030130. [PMID: 35324858 PMCID: PMC8952814 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9030130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Honeybee populations have locally and temporally declined in the last few years because of both biotic and abiotic factors. Among the latter, one of the most important reasons is infection by the microsporidia Nosema ceranae, which is the etiological agent of type C nosemosis. This species was first described in Asian honeybees (Apis cerana). Nowadays, domestic honeybees (Apis mellifera) worldwide are also becoming infected due to globalization. Type C nosemosis can be asymptomatic or can cause important damage to bees, such as changes in temporal polyethism, energy and oxidative stress, immunity loss, and decreased average life expectancy. It causes drastic reductions in workers, numbers of broods, and honey production, finally leading to colony loss. Common treatment is based on fumagillin, an antibiotic with side effects and relatively poor efficiency, which is banned in the European Union. Natural products, probiotics, food supplements, nutraceuticals, and other veterinary drugs are currently under study and might represent alternative treatments. Prophylaxis and management of affected colonies are essential to control the disease. While N. ceranae is one potential cause of bee losses in a colony, other factors must also be considered, especially synergies between microsporidia and the use of insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Jesús Marín-García
- Department of Animal Production and Health, Veterinary Public Health and Food Science and Technology (PASAPTA), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 46115 Valencia, Spain; (P.J.M.-G.); (A.E.A.-B.)
| | - Yoorana Peyre
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 46115 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Ana Elena Ahuir-Baraja
- Department of Animal Production and Health, Veterinary Public Health and Food Science and Technology (PASAPTA), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 46115 Valencia, Spain; (P.J.M.-G.); (A.E.A.-B.)
| | - María Magdalena Garijo
- Department of Animal Production and Health, Veterinary Public Health and Food Science and Technology (PASAPTA), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 46115 Valencia, Spain; (P.J.M.-G.); (A.E.A.-B.)
- Correspondence: (M.M.G.); (L.L.)
| | - Lola Llobat
- Department of Animal Production and Health, Veterinary Public Health and Food Science and Technology (PASAPTA), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 46115 Valencia, Spain; (P.J.M.-G.); (A.E.A.-B.)
- Correspondence: (M.M.G.); (L.L.)
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