1
|
Liu D, Garrigues S, de Vries RP. Heterologous protein production in filamentous fungi. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s00253-023-12660-8. [PMID: 37405433 PMCID: PMC10386965 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12660-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Filamentous fungi are able to produce a wide range of valuable proteins and enzymes for many industrial applications. Recent advances in fungal genomics and experimental technologies are rapidly changing the approaches for the development and use of filamentous fungi as hosts for the production of both homologous and heterologous proteins. In this review, we highlight the benefits and challenges of using filamentous fungi for the production of heterologous proteins. We review various techniques commonly employed to improve the heterologous protein production in filamentous fungi, such as strong and inducible promoters, codon optimization, more efficient signal peptides for secretion, carrier proteins, engineering of glycosylation sites, regulation of the unfolded protein response and endoplasmic reticulum associated protein degradation, optimization of the intracellular transport process, regulation of unconventional protein secretion, and construction of protease-deficient strains. KEY POINTS: • This review updates the knowledge on heterologous protein production in filamentous fungi. • Several fungal cell factories and potential candidates are discussed. • Insights into improving heterologous gene expression are given.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dujuan Liu
- Fungal Physiology, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute & Fungal Molecular Physiology, Utrecht University, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra Garrigues
- Fungal Physiology, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute & Fungal Molecular Physiology, Utrecht University, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Instituto de Agroquímica Y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ronald P de Vries
- Fungal Physiology, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute & Fungal Molecular Physiology, Utrecht University, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bidirectional histone-gene promoters in Aspergillus: characterization and application for multi-gene expression. Fungal Biol Biotechnol 2019; 6:24. [PMID: 31867115 PMCID: PMC6900853 DOI: 10.1186/s40694-019-0088-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Filamentous fungi are important producers of enzymes and bioactive secondary metabolites and are exploited for industrial purposes. Expression and characterization of biosynthetic pathways requires stable expression of multiple genes in the production host. Fungal promoters are indispensable for the accomplishment of this task, and libraries of promoters that show functionality across diverse fungal species facilitate synthetic biology approaches, pathway expression, and cell-factory construction. Results In this study, we characterized the intergenic region between the genes encoding histones H4.1 and H3, from five phylogenetically diverse species of Aspergillus, as bidirectional promoters (Ph4h3). By expression of the genes encoding fluorescent proteins mRFP1 and mCitrine, we show at the translational and transcriptional level that this region from diverse species is applicable as strong and constitutive bidirectional promoters in Aspergillus nidulans. Bioinformatic analysis showed that the divergent gene orientation of h4.1 and h3 appears maintained among fungi, and that the Ph4h3 display conserved DNA motifs among the investigated 85 Aspergilli. Two of the heterologous Ph4h3s were utilized for single-locus expression of four genes from the putative malformin producing pathway from Aspergillus brasiliensis in A. nidulans. Strikingly, heterologous expression of mlfA encoding the non-ribosomal peptide synthetase is sufficient for biosynthesis of malformins in A. nidulans, which indicates an iterative use of one adenylation domain in the enzyme. However, this resulted in highly stressed colonies, which was reverted to a healthy phenotype by co-expressing the residual four genes from the putative biosynthetic gene cluster. Conclusions Our study has documented that Ph4h3 is a strong constitutive bidirectional promoter and a valuable new addition to the genetic toolbox of at least the genus Aspergillus.
Collapse
|
3
|
Vogl T, Kickenweiz T, Pitzer J, Sturmberger L, Weninger A, Biggs BW, Köhler EM, Baumschlager A, Fischer JE, Hyden P, Wagner M, Baumann M, Borth N, Geier M, Ajikumar PK, Glieder A. Engineered bidirectional promoters enable rapid multi-gene co-expression optimization. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3589. [PMID: 30181586 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-0591-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous synthetic biology endeavors require well-tuned co-expression of functional components for success. Classically, monodirectional promoters (MDPs) have been used for such applications, but MDPs are limited in terms of multi-gene co-expression capabilities. Consequently, there is a pressing need for new tools with improved flexibility in terms of genetic circuit design, metabolic pathway assembly, and optimization. Here, motivated by nature's use of bidirectional promoters (BDPs) as a solution for efficient gene co-expression, we generate a library of 168 synthetic BDPs in the yeast Komagataella phaffii (syn. Pichia pastoris), leveraging naturally occurring BDPs as a parts repository. This library of synthetic BDPs allows for rapid screening of diverse expression profiles and ratios to optimize gene co-expression, including for metabolic pathways (taxadiene, β-carotene). The modular design strategies applied for creating the BDP library could be relevant in other eukaryotic hosts, enabling a myriad of metabolic engineering and synthetic biology applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Vogl
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 14, 8010, Graz, Austria
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Thomas Kickenweiz
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 14, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Julia Pitzer
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (ACIB GmbH), Petersgasse 14, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Lukas Sturmberger
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (ACIB GmbH), Petersgasse 14, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Astrid Weninger
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 14, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Bradley W Biggs
- Manus Biosynthesis, 1030 Massachusetts Avenue, Suite 300, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Eva-Maria Köhler
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 14, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Armin Baumschlager
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 14, 8010, Graz, Austria
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jasmin Elgin Fischer
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 14, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Patrick Hyden
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 14, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Marlies Wagner
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 14, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Martina Baumann
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (ACIB GmbH), Muthgasse 11, 1190, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicole Borth
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (ACIB GmbH), Muthgasse 11, 1190, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martina Geier
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (ACIB GmbH), Petersgasse 14, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Anton Glieder
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 14, 8010, Graz, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Engineered bidirectional promoters enable rapid multi-gene co-expression optimization. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3589. [PMID: 30181586 PMCID: PMC6123417 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05915-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous synthetic biology endeavors require well-tuned co-expression of functional components for success. Classically, monodirectional promoters (MDPs) have been used for such applications, but MDPs are limited in terms of multi-gene co-expression capabilities. Consequently, there is a pressing need for new tools with improved flexibility in terms of genetic circuit design, metabolic pathway assembly, and optimization. Here, motivated by nature’s use of bidirectional promoters (BDPs) as a solution for efficient gene co-expression, we generate a library of 168 synthetic BDPs in the yeast Komagataella phaffii (syn. Pichia pastoris), leveraging naturally occurring BDPs as a parts repository. This library of synthetic BDPs allows for rapid screening of diverse expression profiles and ratios to optimize gene co-expression, including for metabolic pathways (taxadiene, β-carotene). The modular design strategies applied for creating the BDP library could be relevant in other eukaryotic hosts, enabling a myriad of metabolic engineering and synthetic biology applications. Classic monodirectional promoters are of limited use for multiple gene co-expression. Here the authors generate a library of 168 bidirectional promoters for the yeast K. phaffii (syn. P. pastoris) with diverse expression profiles to optimize metabolic pathway design.
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang ZL, Ying SH, Feng MG. Recognition of a core fragment ofBeauveria bassiana hydrophobin gene promoter (P hyd1) and its special use in improving fungal biocontrol potential. Microb Biotechnol 2013; 6:27-35. [PMID: 22639846 PMCID: PMC3815382 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-7915.2012.00351.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Revised: 04/13/2012] [Accepted: 04/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify a suitable promoter for use in engineering fungal entomopathogens to improve heterologous gene expression and fungal biocontrol potential, a 1798 bp promoter (P hyd1) upstream of Beauveria bassiana class I hydrophobin gene (hyd1) was optimized by upstream truncation and site-directed mutation. A truncated 1290 bp fragment (P hyd1-t1) drove eGFP expression in B. bassiana much more efficiently than full-length P hyd1. Further truncating P hyd1-t1 to 1179, 991 and 791 bp or mutating one of the binding domains of three transcription factors in P hyd1-t1 reduced significantly the expression of eGFP (enhanced green fluorescence protein). Under P hyd1-t1 control, eGFP was expressed more abundantly in conidiogenic cells and conidia than in mycelia. Therefore, P hyd1-t1 was used to integrate a bacterium-derived, insect midgut-specific toxin (vip3Aa1) gene into B. bassiana, yielding a transgenic strain (BbHV8) expressing 9.8-fold more toxin molecules in conidia than a counterpart strain (BbV28) expressing the toxin under the control of P gpdA, a promoter widely used for gene expression in fungi. Consequently, BbHV8 showed much higher per os virulence to Spodoptera litura larvae than BbV28 in standardized bioassays with normal conidia for both cuticle penetration and ingestion or heat-killed conidia for ingestion only. Conclusively, P hyd1-t1 is a useful tool for enhancing beneficial protein expression, such as vip3Aa1, in fungal conidia, which are the active ingredients of mycoinsecticides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Liang Wang
- Institute of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Sheng-Hua Ying
- Institute of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Ming-Guang Feng
- Institute of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Teixeira JA, Gonçalves DB, de Queiroz MV, de Araújo EF. Improved pectinase production in Penicillium griseoroseum recombinant strains. J Appl Microbiol 2011; 111:818-25. [PMID: 21726361 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2011.05099.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To obtain recombinant strains of Penicillium griseoroseum that produce high levels of pectin lyase (PL) and polygalacturonase (PG) simultaneously. METHODS AND RESULTS A strain with high production of PL was transformed with the plasmid pAN52pgg2, containing the gene encoding PG of P. griseoroseum, under control of the gpd promoter gene from Aspergillus nidulans. Southern blot analysis demonstrated that all strain had at least one copy of pAN52pgg2 integrated into the genome. The recombinant strain P. griseoroseum T20 produced levels of PL and PG that were 266- and 27-fold greater, respectively, than the wild-type strain. Furthermore, the extracellular protein profile of recombinant T20 showed two protein bands of c. 36 and 38 kDa, associated with PL and PG, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This recombinant strain T20 produces PL and PG using carbon sources of low costs, and an enzyme preparation that is free of cellulolytic and proteolytic activities. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY PL and PG play an important role in the degradation of pectin. Owing to their use in the juice and wines industries, there is a growing interest in the inexpensive production of these enzymes. This work describes an efficient system of protein expression and secretion using the fungus P. griseoroseum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J A Teixeira
- Departamento de Microbiologia/BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa-MG, Brazil
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Scientific Opinion on the maintenance of the list of QPS microorganisms intentionally added to food or feed (2009 update). EFSA J 2009. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2009.1431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
|
8
|
Filamentous fungi for production of food additives and processing aids. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2008. [PMID: 18253709 DOI: 10.1007/10_2007_094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Filamentous fungi are metabolically versatile organisms with a very wide distribution in nature. They exist in association with other species, e.g. as lichens or mycorrhiza, as pathogens of animals and plants or as free-living species. Many are regarded as nature's primary degraders because they secrete a wide variety of hydrolytic enzymes that degrade waste organic materials. Many species produce secondary metabolites such as polyketides or peptides and an increasing range of fungal species is exploited commercially as sources of enzymes and metabolites for food or pharmaceutical applications. The recent availability of fungal genome sequences has provided a major opportunity to explore and further exploit fungi as sources of enzymes and metabolites. In this review chapter we focus on the use of fungi in the production of food additives but take a largely pre-genomic, albeit a mainly molecular, view of the topic.
Collapse
|
9
|
Guais O, Borderies G, Pichereaux C, Maestracci M, Neugnot V, Rossignol M, François JM. Proteomics analysis of "Rovabiot Excel", a secreted protein cocktail from the filamentous fungus Penicillium funiculosum grown under industrial process fermentation. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2008; 35:1659-68. [PMID: 18696134 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-008-0430-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2008] [Accepted: 07/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
MS/MS techniques are well customized now for proteomic analysis, even for non-sequenced organisms, since peptide sequences obtained by these methods can be matched with those found in databases from closely related sequenced organisms. We used this approach to characterize the protein content of the "Rovabio Excel", an enzymatic cocktail produced by Penicillium funiculosum that is used as feed additive in animal nutrition. Protein separation by bi-dimensional electrophoresis yielded more than 100 spots, from which 37 proteins were unambiguously assigned from peptide sequences. By one-dimensional SDS-gel electrophoresis, 34 proteins were identified among which 8 were not found in the 2-DE analysis. A third method, termed 'peptidic shotgun', which consists in a direct treatment of the cocktail by trypsin followed by separation of the peptides on two-dimensional liquid chromatography, resulted in the identification of two additional proteins not found by the two other methods. Altogether, more than 50 proteins, among which several glycosylhydrolytic, hemicellulolytic and proteolytic enzymes, were identified by combining three separation methods in this enzymatic cocktail. This work confirmed the power of proteome analysis to explore the genome expression of a non-sequenced fungus by taking advantage of sequences from phylogenetically related filamentous fungi and pave the way for further functional analysis of P. funiculosum.
Collapse
|
10
|
Introduction of a Qualified Presumption of Safety (QPS) approach for assessment of selected microorganisms referred to EFSA - Opinion of the Scientific Committee. EFSA J 2007. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2007.587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
|
11
|
Nunes LR, Costa de Oliveira R, Leite DB, da Silva VS, dos Reis Marques E, da Silva Ferreira ME, Ribeiro DCD, de Souza Bernardes LA, Goldman MHS, Puccia R, Travassos LR, Batista WL, Nóbrega MP, Nobrega FG, Yang DY, de Bragança Pereira CA, Goldman GH. Transcriptome analysis of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis cells undergoing mycelium-to-yeast transition. EUKARYOTIC CELL 2006; 4:2115-28. [PMID: 16339729 PMCID: PMC1317488 DOI: 10.1128/ec.4.12.2115-2128.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis is a thermodimorphic fungus associated with paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM), a systemic mycosis prevalent in South America. In humans, infection starts by inhalation of fungal propagules, which reach the pulmonary epithelium and transform into the yeast parasitic form. Thus, the mycelium-to-yeast transition is of particular interest because conversion to yeast is essential for infection. We have used a P. brasiliensis biochip carrying sequences of 4,692 genes from this fungus to monitor gene expression at several time points of the mycelium-to-yeast morphological shift (from 5 to 120 h). The results revealed a total of 2,583 genes that displayed statistically significant modulation in at least one experimental time point. Among the identified gene homologues, some encoded enzymes involved in amino acid catabolism, signal transduction, protein synthesis, cell wall metabolism, genome structure, oxidative stress response, growth control, and development. The expression pattern of 20 genes was independently verified by real-time reverse transcription-PCR, revealing a high degree of correlation between the data obtained with the two methodologies. One gene, encoding 4-hydroxyl-phenyl pyruvate dioxygenase (4-HPPD), was highly overexpressed during the mycelium-to-yeast differentiation, and the use of NTBC [2-(2-nitro-4-trifluoromethylbenzoyl)-cyclohexane-1,3-dione], a specific inhibitor of 4-HPPD activity, as well as that of NTBC derivatives, was able to inhibit growth and differentiation of the pathogenic yeast phase of the fungus in vitro. These data set the stage for further studies involving NTBC and its derivatives as new chemotherapeutic agents against PCM and confirm the potential of array-based approaches to identify new targets for the development of alternative treatments against pathogenic microorganisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luiz R Nunes
- Núcleo Integrado de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Payan F, Leone P, Porciero S, Furniss C, Tahir T, Williamson G, Durand A, Manzanares P, Gilbert HJ, Juge N, Roussel A. The dual nature of the wheat xylanase protein inhibitor XIP-I: structural basis for the inhibition of family 10 and family 11 xylanases. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:36029-37. [PMID: 15181003 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m404225200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The xylanase inhibitor protein I (XIP-I) from wheat Triticum aestivum is the prototype of a novel class of cereal protein inhibitors that inhibit fungal xylanases belonging to glycoside hydrolase families 10 (GH10) and 11 (GH11). The crystal structures of XIP-I in complex with Aspergillus nidulans (GH10) and Penicillium funiculosum (GH11) xylanases have been solved at 1.7 and 2.5 A resolution, respectively. The inhibition strategy is novel because XIP-I possesses two independent enzyme-binding sites, allowing binding to two glycoside hydrolases that display a different fold. Inhibition of the GH11 xylanase is mediated by the insertion of an XIP-I Pi-shaped loop (Lalpha(4)beta(5)) into the enzyme active site, whereas residues in the helix alpha7 of XIP-I, pointing into the four central active site subsites, are mainly responsible for the reversible inactivation of GH10 xylanases. The XIP-I strategy for inhibition of xylanases involves substrate-mimetic contacts and interactions occluding the active site. The structural determinants of XIP-I specificity demonstrate that the inhibitor is able to interact with GH10 and GH11 xylanases of both fungal and bacterial origin. The biological role of the xylanase inhibitors is discussed in light of the present structural data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Françoise Payan
- Architecture et Fonction de Macromolécules Biologiques, UMR-6098, CNRS et Universités d'Aix-Marseille I et II, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13402 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Alcocer MJC, Furniss CSM, Kroon PA, Campbell M, Archer DB. Comparison of modular and non-modular xylanases as carrier proteins for the efficient secretion of heterologous proteins from Penicillium funiculosum. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2003; 60:726-32. [PMID: 12664153 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-002-1184-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2002] [Revised: 10/17/2002] [Accepted: 10/25/2002] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Genes encoding three enzymes with xylanase activity from the filamentous fungus Penicillium funiculosum are described. Two of the encoded xylanases are predicted to be modular in structure with catalytic and substrate-binding domains separated by a serine and threonine-rich linker region; the other had none of these properties and was non-modular. In order to develop P. funiculosum as a host for the secreted production of heterologous proteins, each of the xylanases was assessed for use as a carrier protein in a fusion strategy. We show that one of the modular xylanases (encoded by xynA) was an effective carrier protein but the other (encoded by xynB) and the non-modular xylanase (encoded by xynC) were not effective as secretion carriers. We show that the beta-glucuronidase (GUS) protein from Escherichia coli is secreted by P. funiculosum when expressed as an XYNA fusion but that the secreted GUS protein, cleaved in vivo from XYNA, is glycosylated and enzymatically inactive.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Binding Sites
- Carrier Proteins/metabolism
- Catalytic Domain
- Cloning, Molecular
- Endo-1,4-beta Xylanases
- Escherichia coli/enzymology
- Escherichia coli/genetics
- Fungal Proteins/chemistry
- Fungal Proteins/genetics
- Fungal Proteins/metabolism
- Genes, Fungal
- Genes, Synthetic
- Glucuronidase/metabolism
- Glycosylation
- Histones/genetics
- Isoenzymes/chemistry
- Isoenzymes/genetics
- Isoenzymes/metabolism
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Penicillium/enzymology
- Penicillium/genetics
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Protein Processing, Post-Translational
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Transformation, Genetic
- Xylan Endo-1,3-beta-Xylosidase
- Xylosidases/chemistry
- Xylosidases/genetics
- Xylosidases/metabolism
- beta-Glucosidase/chemistry
- beta-Glucosidase/genetics
- beta-Glucosidase/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M J C Alcocer
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, NG7 2RD, Nottingham,
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|