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Li D, Chu Z, Zeng Z, Sima M, Huang M, Zheng B. Effects of design parameters, microbial community and nitrogen removal on the field-scale multi-pond constructed wetlands. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 797:148989. [PMID: 34351277 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ecological multi-pond constructed wetlands (CWs) are an alternative wastewater treatment technology for nitrogen removal from non-point source pollution. As an important component of nitrogen cycles in the field-scale CWs, microorganisms are affected by design parameters. Nevertheless, the mechanism of design parameters affecting the distribution of microbial community and removal performance remains largely unexplored. In this study, satisfactory nitrogen removal performance was obtained in three multi-pond CWs. The highest mass removal rate per square meter (1104.0 mg/m2/day) and mass removal rate per cubic meter (590.2 mg/m3/day) for total nitrogen removal were obtained in the XY CW system during the wet season. The changes in seasonal parameters accounted for different removal performances and distributions of the microbial community. The combination of wastewater treatment technologies in the XY CW system consisting of ponds, CWs, and eco-floating treatment wetlands enriched the abundances of nitrogen-related functional genera. Correlation network analysis further demonstrated that longer hydraulic residence time and higher nitrogen concentration could intensify the enrichment of nitrogen-related functional genera. Regulating the combination of wastewater treatment technologies, the nitrogen concentration of influent, hydraulic loading rate, and water depth might promote the accumulation of microbial communities and enhance nitrogen removal. Macroscopical spatial/temporal regulation were proposed to enhance the treatment of non-point source pollution. The clarification of driving mechanism on design parameters, microbial community, and removal performance provided a novel perspective on the long-term maintenance of purification performance, practically sustainable applications, and scientific management of field-scale multi-pond CWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Lake Pollution Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zhaosheng Chu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Lake Pollution Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Zhenzhong Zeng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Matthew Sima
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Minsheng Huang
- School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Binghui Zheng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Lake Pollution Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
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Tu R, Jin W, Han SF, Zhou X, Wang T, Gao SH, Wang Q, Chen C, Xie GJ, Wang Q. Rapid enrichment and ammonia oxidation performance of ammonia-oxidizing archaea from an urban polluted river of China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 255:113258. [PMID: 31669955 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia oxidation is the rate-limiting step in nitrification process and dominated by ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA). In the present study, a highly enriched culture of AOA was obtained from urban polluted water in Shahe River, Shenzhen, China. The optimum growth conditions were identified by orthogonal analysis as 37 °C, with pH 7.0 and initial ammonia concentration of 1.0 mM. Under these conditions, the highest abundance of AOA was obtained as 4.6 × 107 copies/ng DNA. Growth of AOA in polluted river water showed significant reduction in ammonia concentration in AOA-enriched cultures without antibiotics after 10 days of incubation, while synchronous increase in nitrate concentration was up to 12.7 mg/L. However, AOA-enriched by antibiotic showed insignificant changes in ammonia or nitrite concentration. This study showed that AOB play an important role in ammonia oxidation of polluted river water, and AOA alone showed insignificant changes in ammonia or nitrite concentrations. Therefore, the ammonia oxidation performance of natural water could not be improved by adding high concentration AOA bacterial liquid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjie Tu
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Microalgal Bioenergy, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenbiao Jin
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Microalgal Bioenergy, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Song-Fang Han
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Microalgal Bioenergy, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xu Zhou
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Microalgal Bioenergy, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), 518055, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Tianqiang Wang
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Microalgal Bioenergy, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shu-Hong Gao
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Qing Wang
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Microalgal Bioenergy, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, 150001, Harbin, China
| | - Guo-Jun Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, 150001, Harbin, China
| | - Qilin Wang
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
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Variation of Bacterial and Archaeal Community Structures in a Full-Scale Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment. ARCHAEA-AN INTERNATIONAL MICROBIOLOGICAL JOURNAL 2018; 2018:9319345. [PMID: 30410420 PMCID: PMC6206559 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9319345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Microorganisms play important roles in the reduction of organic and inorganic pollutants in constructed wetlands used for the treatment of wastewater. However, the diversity and structure of microbial community in constructed wetland system remain poorly known. In this study, the Illumina MiSeq Sequencing of 16S rDNA was used to analyze the bacterial and archaeal microbial community structures of soil and water in a free surface flow constructed wetland, and the differences of bacterial communities and archaeal compositions between soil and water were compared. The results showed that the Proteobacteria were the dominant bacteria, making up 35.38%~48.66% relative abundance. Euryarchaeotic were the absolute dominant archaea in the influent sample with the relative abundance of 93.29%, while Thaumarchaeota showed dominance in the other three samples, making up 50.58%~75.70%. The relative abundances of different species showed great changes in bacteria and archaea, and the number of dominant species in bacteria was much higher than that in archaea. Compared to archaea, the community compositions of bacteria were more abundant and the changes were more significant. Meanwhile, bacteria and archaea had large differences in compositions between water and soil. The microbial richness in water was significantly higher than that in soil. Simultaneously, soil had a significant enrichment effect on some microbial flora.
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Wongkiew S, Park MR, Chandran K, Khanal SK. Aquaponic Systems for Sustainable Resource Recovery: Linking Nitrogen Transformations to Microbial Communities. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:12728-12739. [PMID: 30264997 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b04177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Aquaponics is a technology for food production (fish and vegetables/fruits) with concomitant remediation of nitrogen-rich aquaculture effluent. There is, however, a critical need to improve the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in aquaponics. Here, we employed quantitative polymerase chain reactions and next-generation sequencing to evaluate the bacterial communities and their links to nitrogen transformations for improving NUEs in four bench-scale plant-based floating-raft aquaponics (pak choi, lettuce, chive, and tomato) and three pH levels (7.0, 6.0, and 5.2). Low relative abundance of nitrifiers in plant roots and biofilters suggested nitrogen loss, which decreased NUE in aquaponics. Low pH level was a major factor that shifted the microbial communities and reduced the relative abundance of nitrifiers in aquaponic systems, leading to total ammonia nitrogen accumulation in recirculating water. In plant roots, the abundance of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (e.g., Nitrospira spp.) did not decrease at low pH levels, suggesting the benefit of growing plants in aquaponics for efficient nitrification and improving NUE. These findings on microbial communities and nitrogen transformations provided complementary strategies to improve the performance of the aquaponics regarding water quality and extent of nutrient recovery from aquaculture effluent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumeth Wongkiew
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering , University of Hawai'i at Ma̅noa , 1955 East-West Road , Honolulu , Hawai'i 96822 , United States
| | - Mee-Rye Park
- Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering , Columbia University , 500 West 120th Street , New York , New York 10027 , United States
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Kartik Chandran
- Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering , Columbia University , 500 West 120th Street , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Samir Kumar Khanal
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering , University of Hawai'i at Ma̅noa , 1955 East-West Road , Honolulu , Hawai'i 96822 , United States
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Keyport S, Carson BD, Johnson O, Lawrence BA, Lishawa SC, Tuchman NC, Kelly JJ. Effects of experimental harvesting of an invasive hybrid cattail on wetland structure and function. Restor Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.12859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Keyport
- Department of Biology; Loyola University Chicago; 1032 West Sheridan Road, Chicago IL 60660 U.S.A
| | - Brendan D. Carson
- Institute of Environmental Sustainability; Loyola University Chicago; 6349 N Kenmore Avenue, Chicago IL 60660 U.S.A
| | - Olivia Johnson
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Studies; DePaul University; 1 E. Jackson Boulevard, Chicago IL 60604 U.S.A
- Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Center for Environmental Science and Engineering; University of Connecticut; 1376 Storrs Road Unit 4087, Storrs CT 06269 U.S.A
| | - Beth A. Lawrence
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Studies; DePaul University; 1 E. Jackson Boulevard, Chicago IL 60604 U.S.A
- Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Center for Environmental Science and Engineering; University of Connecticut; 1376 Storrs Road Unit 4087, Storrs CT 06269 U.S.A
| | - Shane C. Lishawa
- Institute of Environmental Sustainability; Loyola University Chicago; 6349 N Kenmore Avenue, Chicago IL 60660 U.S.A
| | - Nancy C. Tuchman
- Institute of Environmental Sustainability; Loyola University Chicago; 6349 N Kenmore Avenue, Chicago IL 60660 U.S.A
| | - John J. Kelly
- Department of Biology; Loyola University Chicago; 1032 West Sheridan Road, Chicago IL 60660 U.S.A
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Li B, Chen H, Li N, Wu Z, Wen Z, Xie S, Liu Y. Spatio-temporal shifts in the archaeal community of a constructed wetland treating river water. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 605-606:269-275. [PMID: 28667854 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.06.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The distribution of archaeal community and the associated environmental variables in constructed wetland (CW), especially in free water surface flow CW (FWSF-CW), remain poorly understood. The present study explored the spatial and temporal dynamics of archaeal community in an FWSF-CW used for surface water treatment and evaluated the driving environmental variables. The archaeal density varied considerably among sites and seasons, ranging from 3.37×108 to 3.59×109 16S rRNA gene copies per gram dry sediment/soil. The archaeal population density was adversely affected by high temperatures and tended to be lower during summer than during spring and winter. Moreover, considerable spatio-temporal variations of archaeal richness, diversity and community structure also occurred in the FWSF-CW. Higher nutrient contents correlated with a lower archaeal richness and diversity. Nitrate and carbon/nitrogen ratio were found to play important roles in shaping the overall archaeal community structure. Euryarchaeota and Bathyarchaeota were the dominant archaeal phyla in wetland sediments, while Thaumarchaeota tended to be dominant in wetland soils. In addition, the wetland archaeal community was related to vegetation type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingxin Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Huili Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ningning Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences (Ministry of Education), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zongguo Wen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10008, China
| | - Shuguang Xie
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Yong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences (Ministry of Education), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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Bai Y, Huo Y, Liao K, Qu J. Influence of microbial community diversity and function on pollutant removal in ecological wastewater treatment. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:7293-7302. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8464-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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8
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Aquatic bacterial diversity: Magnitude, dynamics, and controlling factors. Microb Pathog 2017; 104:39-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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9
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Long Y, Yi H, Chen S, Zhang Z, Cui K, Bing Y, Zhuo Q, Li B, Xie S, Guo Q. Influences of plant type on bacterial and archaeal communities in constructed wetland treating polluted river water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:19570-9. [PMID: 27392623 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7166-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Both bacteria and archaeal communities can play important roles in biogeochemical processes in constructed wetland (CW) system. However, the influence of plant type on microbial community in surface water CW remains unclear. The present study investigated bacterial and archaeal communities in five surface water CW systems with different plant species. The abundance, richness, and diversity of both bacterial and archaeal communities considerably differed in these five CW systems. Compared with the other three CW systems, the CW systems planted with Vetiveria zizanioides or Juncus effusus L. showed much higher bacterial abundance but lower archaeal abundance. Bacteria outnumbered archaea in each CW system. Moreover, the CW systems planted with V. zizanioides or J. effusus L. had relatively lower archaeal but higher bacterial richness and diversity. In each CW system, bacterial community displayed much higher richness and diversity than archaeal community. In addition, a remarkable difference of both bacterial and archaeal community structures was observed in the five studied CW systems. Proteobacteria was the most abundant bacterial group (accounting for 33-60 %). Thaumarchaeota organisms (57 %) predominated in archaeal communities in CW systems planted with V. zizanioides or J. effusus L., while Woesearchaeota (23 or 24 %) and Euryarchaeota (23 or 15 %) were the major archaeal groups in CW systems planted with Cyperus papyrus or Canna indica L. Archaeal community in CW planted with Typha orientalis Presl was mainly composed of unclassified archaea. Therefore, plant type exerted a considerable influence on microbial community in surface water CW system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Long
- Key Laboratory of Water/Soil Toxic Pollutants Control and Bioremediation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Hao Yi
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences (SCIES), Ministry of Environment Protection (MEP), Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Sili Chen
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences (SCIES), Ministry of Environment Protection (MEP), Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Zhengke Zhang
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences (SCIES), Ministry of Environment Protection (MEP), Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Kai Cui
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences (SCIES), Ministry of Environment Protection (MEP), Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Yongxin Bing
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences (SCIES), Ministry of Environment Protection (MEP), Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Qiongfang Zhuo
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences (SCIES), Ministry of Environment Protection (MEP), Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Bingxin Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Shuguang Xie
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| | - Qingwei Guo
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences (SCIES), Ministry of Environment Protection (MEP), Guangzhou, 510655, China.
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Spatiotemporal variation of bacterial and archaeal communities in a pilot-scale constructed wetland for surface water treatment. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 100:1479-1488. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-7072-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Bai Y, Liang J, Liu R, Hu C, Qu J. Metagenomic analysis reveals microbial diversity and function in the rhizosphere soil of a constructed wetland. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2014; 35:2521-2527. [PMID: 25145207 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2014.911361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Microbial communities play a critical role in the degradation of effluent contaminants in constructed wetlands. Many questions remain, however, regarding the role ofmicrobial communities in rhizospheric soil. In this study, we used metagenomic analysis to assess microbial community composition and function in a constructed wetland receiving surface water. The diversity of the microbial community of rhizosphere soil was found to be significantly greater than that of the wetland influent water. This enhancement is likely due to the availability of diverse habitats and nutrients provided by the wetland plants. From function annotation of metagenomic data, a number of biodegradation pathways associated with 14 xenobiotic compounds were identified in soil. Nitrogen fixation, nitrification and denitrification genes were semi-quantitatively analysed. By screening of manganese transformation genes, we found that the biological oxidation of Mn2+ (mainly catalysed by multicopper oxidase) in the influent water yielded insoluble Mn4+, which subsequently precipitated and were incorporated into the wetland soil. These data show that the use of metagenomic analysis can provide important new insights for the study of wetland ecosystems and, in particular, how biologically mediated transformation or degradation can be used to reduce contamination of point and non-point source wastewater.
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Lv X, Yu J, Fu Y, Ma B, Qu F, Ning K, Wu H. A meta-analysis of the bacterial and archaeal diversity observed in wetland soils. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:437684. [PMID: 24982954 PMCID: PMC4058131 DOI: 10.1155/2014/437684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the bacterial and archaeal diversity from a worldwide range of wetlands soils and sediments using a meta-analysis approach. All available 16S rRNA gene sequences recovered from wetlands in public databases were retrieved. In November 2012, a total of 12677 bacterial and 1747 archaeal sequences were collected in GenBank. All the bacterial sequences were assigned into 6383 operational taxonomic units (OTUs 0.03), representing 31 known bacterial phyla, predominant with Proteobacteria (2791 OTUs), Bacteroidetes (868 OTUs), Acidobacteria (731 OTUs), Firmicutes (540 OTUs), and Actinobacteria (418 OTUs). The genus Flavobacterium (11.6% of bacterial sequences) was the dominate bacteria in wetlands, followed by Gp1, Nitrosospira, and Nitrosomonas. Archaeal sequences were assigned to 521 OTUs from phyla Euryarchaeota and Crenarchaeota. The dominating archaeal genera were Fervidicoccus and Methanosaeta. Rarefaction analysis indicated that approximately 40% of bacterial and 83% of archaeal diversity in wetland soils and sediments have been presented. Our results should be significant for well-understanding the microbial diversity involved in worldwide wetlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Lv
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Junbao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Yuqin Fu
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Fanzhu Qu
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Kai Ning
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huifeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, China
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