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Lishawa SC, Lawrence BA, Albert DA, Larkin DJ, Tuchman NC. Invasive species removal increases species and phylogenetic diversity of wetland plant communities. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:6231-6244. [PMID: 31236217 PMCID: PMC6580430 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant invasions result in biodiversity losses and altered ecological functions, though quantifying loss of multiple ecosystem functions presents a research challenge. Plant phylogenetic diversity correlates with a range of ecosystem functions and can be used as a proxy for ecosystem multifunctionality. Laurentian Great Lakes coastal wetlands are ideal systems for testing invasive species management effects because they support diverse biological communities, provide numerous ecosystem services, and are increasingly dominated by invasive macrophytes. Invasive cattails are among the most widespread and abundant of these taxa. We conducted a three-year study in two Great Lakes wetlands, testing the effects of a gradient of cattail removal intensities (mowing, harvest, complete biomass removal) within two vegetation zones (emergent marsh and wet meadow) on plant taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity. To evaluate native plant recovery potential, we paired this with a seed bank emergence study that quantified diversity metrics in each zone under experimentally manipulated hydroperiods. Pretreatment, we found that wetland zones had distinct plant community composition. Wet meadow seed banks had greater taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity than emergent marsh seed banks, and high-water treatments tended to inhibit diversity by reducing germination. Aboveground harvesting of cattails and their litter increased phylogenetic diversity and species richness in both zones, more than doubling richness compared to unmanipulated controls. In the wet meadow, harvesting shifted the community toward an early successional state, favoring seed bank germination from early seral species, whereas emergent marsh complete removal treatments shifted the community toward an aquatic condition, favoring floating-leaved plants. Removing cattails and their litter increased taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity across water levels, a key environmental gradient, thereby potentially increasing the multifunctionality of these ecosystems. Killing invasive wetland macrophytes but leaving their biomass in situ does not address their underlying mechanism of dominance and is less effective than more intensive treatments that also remove their litter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane C. Lishawa
- Institute of Environmental SustainabilityLoyola University ChicagoChicagoIllinois
| | - Beth A. Lawrence
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment and Center for Environmental Science and EngineeringUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsConnecticut
| | - Dennis A. Albert
- Department of HorticultureOregon State UniversityCorvallisOregon
| | - Daniel J. Larkin
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife and Conservation Biology and Minnesota Aquatic Invasive Species Research CenterUniversity of MinnesotaSt. PaulMinnesota
| | - Nancy C. Tuchman
- Institute of Environmental SustainabilityLoyola University ChicagoChicagoIllinois
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Keyport S, Carson BD, Johnson O, Lawrence BA, Lishawa SC, Tuchman NC, Kelly JJ. Effects of experimental harvesting of an invasive hybrid cattail on wetland structure and function. Restor Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.12859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Keyport
- Department of Biology; Loyola University Chicago; 1032 West Sheridan Road, Chicago IL 60660 U.S.A
| | - Brendan D. Carson
- Institute of Environmental Sustainability; Loyola University Chicago; 6349 N Kenmore Avenue, Chicago IL 60660 U.S.A
| | - Olivia Johnson
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Studies; DePaul University; 1 E. Jackson Boulevard, Chicago IL 60604 U.S.A
- Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Center for Environmental Science and Engineering; University of Connecticut; 1376 Storrs Road Unit 4087, Storrs CT 06269 U.S.A
| | - Beth A. Lawrence
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Studies; DePaul University; 1 E. Jackson Boulevard, Chicago IL 60604 U.S.A
- Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Center for Environmental Science and Engineering; University of Connecticut; 1376 Storrs Road Unit 4087, Storrs CT 06269 U.S.A
| | - Shane C. Lishawa
- Institute of Environmental Sustainability; Loyola University Chicago; 6349 N Kenmore Avenue, Chicago IL 60660 U.S.A
| | - Nancy C. Tuchman
- Institute of Environmental Sustainability; Loyola University Chicago; 6349 N Kenmore Avenue, Chicago IL 60660 U.S.A
| | - John J. Kelly
- Department of Biology; Loyola University Chicago; 1032 West Sheridan Road, Chicago IL 60660 U.S.A
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Carson BD, Lishawa SC, Tuchman NC, Monks AM, Lawrence BA, Albert DA. Harvesting invasive plants to reduce nutrient loads and produce bioenergy: an assessment of Great Lakes coastal wetlands. Ecosphere 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Brendan D. Carson
- Institute of Environmental Sustainability; Loyola University Chicago; Chicago Illinois 60660 USA
| | - Shane C. Lishawa
- Institute of Environmental Sustainability; Loyola University Chicago; Chicago Illinois 60660 USA
| | - Nancy C. Tuchman
- Institute of Environmental Sustainability; Loyola University Chicago; Chicago Illinois 60660 USA
| | - Andrew M. Monks
- Institute of Environmental Sustainability; Loyola University Chicago; Chicago Illinois 60660 USA
| | - Beth A. Lawrence
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment; Center for Environmental Science and Engineering; University of Connecticut; Storrs Connecticut 06269 USA
| | - Dennis A. Albert
- Department of Horticulture; Oregon State University; Corvallis Oregon 97331 USA
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Lishawa SC, Lawrence BA, Albert DA, Tuchman NC. Biomass harvest of invasiveTyphapromotes plant diversity in a Great Lakes coastal wetland. Restor Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.12167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shane C. Lishawa
- Loyola University Chicago; Institute of Environmental Sustainability; Chicago IL 60660 U.S.A
- University of Michigan Biological Station; Pellston MI 49769 U.S.A
| | - Beth A. Lawrence
- DePaul University; Environmental Science and Studies; Chicago IL 60604 U.S.A
- University of Michigan Biological Station; Pellston MI 49769 U.S.A
| | - Dennis A. Albert
- Department of Horticulture; Oregon State University; Corvallis OR 97331 U.S.A
- University of Michigan Biological Station; Pellston MI 49769 U.S.A
| | - Nancy C. Tuchman
- Loyola University Chicago; Institute of Environmental Sustainability; Chicago IL 60660 U.S.A
- University of Michigan Biological Station; Pellston MI 49769 U.S.A
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Karalius VP, Harbison JE, Plange-Rhule J, van Breemen RB, Li G, Huang K, Durazo-Arvizu RA, Mora N, Dugas LR, Vail L, Tuchman NC, Forrester T, Luke A. Bisphenol A (BPA) Found in Humans and Water in Three Geographic Regions with Distinctly Different Levels of Economic Development. Environ Health Insights 2014; 8:1-3. [PMID: 24453495 PMCID: PMC3891657 DOI: 10.4137/ehi.s13130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The suspected endocrine disruptor bisphenol A (BPA) is associated with the manufacture, distribution, and use of epoxy resins and polycarbonate plastics; thus, studies of this compound have focused primarily on urban areas in developed countries. This small study investigating urinary BPA of 109 people was conducted in the urban United States, urban Jamaica, and rural Ghana. Additionally, local drinking and surface water samples were collected and analyzed from areas near study participants. Levels of BPA in both urine and water were comparable among all three sites. Thus, future studies of BPA should consider expanding investigations to rural areas not typically associated with the compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vytas P. Karalius
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Justin E. Harbison
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jacob Plange-Rhule
- Department of Physiology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Richard B. van Breemen
- Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Guannan Li
- Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ke Huang
- Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Nallely Mora
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lara R. Dugas
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lane Vail
- Institute of Environmental Sustainability, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nancy C. Tuchman
- Institute of Environmental Sustainability, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Terrence Forrester
- Tropical Medicine Research Institute, University of the West Indies—Mona, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Amy Luke
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Kelly JJ, Peterson E, Winkelman J, Walter TJ, Rier ST, Tuchman NC. Elevated atmospheric CO2 impacts abundance and diversity of nitrogen cycling functional genes in soil. Microb Ecol 2013; 65:394-404. [PMID: 22961365 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-012-0122-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The concentration of CO(2) in the Earth's atmosphere has increased over the last century. Although this increase is unlikely to have direct effects on soil microbial communities, increased atmospheric CO(2) may impact soil ecosystems indirectly through plant responses. This study tested the hypothesis that exposure of plants to elevated CO(2) would impact soil microorganisms responsible for key nitrogen cycling processes, specifically denitrification and nitrification. We grew trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides) trees in outdoor chambers under ambient (360 ppm) or elevated (720 ppm) levels of CO(2) for 5 years and analyzed the microbial communities in the soils below the trees using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and clone library sequencing targeting the nitrite reductase (nirK) and ammonia monooxygenase (amoA) genes. We observed a more than twofold increase in copy numbers of nirK and a decrease in nirK diversity with CO(2) enrichment, with an increased predominance of Bradyrhizobia-like nirK sequences. We suggest that this dramatic increase in nirK-containing bacteria may have contributed to the significant loss of soil N in the CO(2)-treated chambers. Elevated CO(2) also resulted in a significant decrease in copy numbers of bacterial amoA, but no change in archaeal amoA copy numbers. The decrease in abundance of bacterial amoA was likely a result of the loss of soil N in the CO(2)-treated chambers, while the lack of response for archaeal amoA supports the hypothesis that physiological differences in these two groups of ammonia oxidizers may enable them to occupy distinct ecological niches and respond differently to environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Kelly
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL 60660, USA.
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Lishawa SC, Treering DJ, Vail LM, McKenna O, Grimm EC, Tuchman NC. Reconstructing plant invasions using historical aerial imagery and pollen core analysis:Typhain the Laurentian Great Lakes. DIVERS DISTRIB 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-4642.2012.00929.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - David. J. Treering
- Center for Urban Environmental Research and Policy and the Department of Biology; Loyola University Chicago; Chicago; IL; 60626; USA
| | - Lane M. Vail
- Center for Urban Environmental Research and Policy and the Department of Biology; Loyola University Chicago; Chicago; IL; 60626; USA
| | - Owen McKenna
- Center for Urban Environmental Research and Policy and the Department of Biology; Loyola University Chicago; Chicago; IL; 60626; USA
| | - Eric C. Grimm
- Illinois State Museum, Research and Collections Center; 1011 East Ash Street; Springfield; IL; 62703; USA
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Kominoski JS, Moore PA, Wetzel RG, Tuchman NC. Elevated CO2alters leaf-litter-derived dissolved organic carbon: effects on stream periphyton and crayfish feeding preference. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1899/07-002.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Angeloni NL, Jankowski KJ, Tuchman NC, Kelly JJ. Effects of an invasive cattail species (TyphaÃglauca) on sediment nitrogen and microbial community composition in a freshwater wetland. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2006; 263:86-92. [PMID: 16958855 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2006.00409.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sediments from Cheboygan Marsh, a coastal freshwater wetland on Lake Huron that has been invaded by an emergent exotic plant, Typhaxglauca, were examined to assess the effects of invasion on wetland nutrient levels and sediment microbial communities. Comparison of invaded and uninvaded zones of the marsh indicated that the invaded zone showed significantly lower plant diversity, as well as significantly higher aboveground plant biomass and soil organic matter. The sediments in the invaded zone also showed dramatically higher concentrations of soluble nutrients, including greater than 10-fold higher soluble ammonium, nitrate, and phosphate, which suggests that Typhaxglauca invasion may be impacting the wetland's ability to remove nutrients. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses revealed significant differences in the composition of total bacterial communities (based on 16S-rRNA genes) and denitrifier communities (based on nirS genes) between invaded and uninvaded zones. This shift in denitrifiers in the sediments may be ecologically significant due to the critical role that denitrifying bacteria play in removal of nitrogen by wetlands.
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Frost PC, Tuchman NC. Nutrient release rates and ratios by two stream detritivores fed leaf litter grown under elevated atmospheric CO2. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1127/0003-9136/2005/0163-0463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Janus LR, Angeloni NL, McCormack J, Rier ST, Tuchman NC, Kelly JJ. Elevated atmospheric CO2 alters soil microbial communities associated with trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides) roots. Microb Ecol 2005; 50:102-9. [PMID: 16052378 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-004-0120-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2004] [Accepted: 08/18/2004] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Global atmospheric CO(2) levels are expected to double within the next 50 years. To assess the effects of increased atmospheric CO(2) on soil ecosystems, cloned trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides) seedlings were grown individually in 1 m(3) open bottom root boxes under either elevated (720 ppm, ELEV) or ambient CO(2) (360 ppm, AMB). After 5 years, soil cores (40 cm depth) were collected from the root boxes and divided into 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm fractions. ELEV treatment resulted in significant decreases in both soil nitrate and total soil nitrogen in both the 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm soil fractions, with a 47% decrease in soil nitrate and a 50% decrease in total soil nitrogen occurring in the 0-20 cm fraction. ELEV treatment did not result in a significant change in the amount of soil microbial biomass. However, analysis of indicator phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) indicated that ELEV treatment did result in significant increases in PLFA indicators for fungi and Gram-negative bacteria in the 0-20 cm fraction. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis was used to analyze the composition of the soil bacterial communities (using primers targeting the 16SrRNA gene) and the soil fungal communities (using primers targeting the intergenic transcribed spacer region). T-RFLP analysis revealed shifts in both bacterial and fungal community structure, as well as increases in both bacterial and fungal species richness with ELEV treatment. These results indicated that increased atmospheric CO(2) had significant effects on both soil nutrient availability and the community composition of soil microbes associated with aspen roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori R Janus
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL 60626, USA
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Adams JA, Tuchman NC, Moore PA. Effects of CO2-altered detritus on growth and chemically mediated decisions in crayfish (Procambarus clarkii). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1899/04-042.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Wetzel RG, Tuchman NC. Effects of atmospheric CO2 enrichment and sunlight on degradation of plant particulate and dissolved organic matter and microbial utilization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1127/0003-9136/2005/0162-0287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Adams JA, Tuchman NC, Moore PA. Atmospheric CO2 enrichment alters leaf detritus: impacts on foraging decisions of crayfish (Orconectes virilis). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.2307/1468271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julie A. Adams
- Laboratory for Sensory Ecology and the Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403 USA and The University of Michigan Biological Station, 9008 Biological Rd., Pellston, Michigan USA 49769
| | - Nancy C. Tuchman
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, 6525 N. Sheridan Road, Chicago, Illinois 60626 USA and The University of Michigan Biological Station, 9008 Biological Rd., Pellston, Michigan USA 49769
| | - Paul A. Moore
- Laboratory for Sensory Ecology and the Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403 USA and The University of Michigan Biological Station, 9008 Biological Rd., Pellston, Michigan USA 49769
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Burks RL, Tuchman NC, Call CA, Marsden JE. Colonial Aggregates: Effects of Spatial Position on Zebra Mussel Responses to Vertical Gradients in Interstitial Water Quality. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.2307/1468300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Rier ST, Tuchman NC, Wetzel RG, Teeri JA. Elevated-CO 2-Induced Changes in the Chemistry of Quaking Aspen (Populus tremuloides Michaux) Leaf Litter: Subsequent Mass Loss and Microbial Response in a Stream Ecosystem. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.2307/1468296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Biggs BJF, Tuchman NC, Lowe RL, Stevenson RJ. Resource Stress Alters Hydrological Disturbance Effects in a Stream periphyton Community. OIKOS 1999. [DOI: 10.2307/3546795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Johnson RE, Tuchman NC, Peterson CG. Changes in the Vertical Microdistribution of Diatoms within a Developing Periphyton Mat. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.2307/1468140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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