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Canelli G, Tevere S, Jaquenod L, Dionisi F, Rohfritsch Z, Bolten CJ, Neutsch L, Mathys A. A novel strategy to simultaneously enhance bioaccessible lipids and antioxidants in hetero/mixotrophic Chlorella vulgaris as functional ingredient. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 347:126744. [PMID: 35074464 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.126744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae are a promising source of polyunsaturated fatty acids as well as bioactive antioxidant compounds such as carotenoids, phenolics and tocopherols. However, the accumulation of these biomolecules is often promoted by conflicting growth conditions. In this study, a phased bioprocessing strategy was developed to simultaneously enhance the lipid and antioxidant amounts by tailoring nitrogen content in the cultivation medium and applying light stress. This approach increased the overall contents of total fatty acids, carotenoids, phenolics, and α-tocopherol in Chlorella vulgaris by 2.2-, 2.2-, 1.5-, and 2.1-fold, respectively. Additionally, the bioaccessibility of the lipids and bioactives from the obtained biomasses improved after pulsed electric field (5 μs, 20 kV cm-1, 31.8 kJ kg-1sus) treatment (up to +12%) and high-pressure homogenization (100 MPa, 5-6 passes) (+41-76%). This work represents a step towards the generation of more efficient algae biorefineries, thus expanding the alternative resources available for essential nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Canelli
- ETH Zürich, Laboratory of Sustainable Food Processing, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sabrina Tevere
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, ZHAW, Campus Grüental, 8820, Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Luc Jaquenod
- ETH Zürich, Laboratory of Sustainable Food Processing, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Fabiola Dionisi
- Nestlé Research, Route du Jorat 57, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Zhen Rohfritsch
- Nestlé Research, Route du Jorat 57, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Lukas Neutsch
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, ZHAW, Campus Grüental, 8820, Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Mathys
- ETH Zürich, Laboratory of Sustainable Food Processing, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland.
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2
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Andeden EE, Ozturk S, Aslim B. Evaluation of Thirty Microalgal Isolates as Biodiesel Feedstocks Based on Lipid Productivity and Triacylglycerol (TAG) Content. Curr Microbiol 2021; 78:775-788. [PMID: 33475780 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-02340-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae are considered feedstock for biodiesel production due to their capability to accumulate triacylglycerols, which have a 99% conversion rate into biodiesel, under certain conditions. This study aims to evaluate thirty native microalgal strains as feedstock for biodiesel production based on their biomass and lipid productivities, and total lipid and triacylglycerol contents under nitrogen-sufficient and nitrogen starvation conditions. In addition, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cw15 mutant strain was utilized as a reference strain for triacylglycerol accumulation. Among the eight potent strains, Chlorella vulgaris KP2 was considered as a most promising strain with the highest triacylglycerol content, highest total lipid content (28.56% of dry cell weight), and the highest lipid productivity (4.56 mg/L/day) under nitrogen starvation. Under nitrogen starvation, the major fatty acids in the triacylglycerol of Chlorella vulgaris KP2 were C18:1 (37.56%), C16:0 (23.16%), C18:0 (23.07), C18:2 (7.00%), and C18:3 (3.12%), and the percentages of saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids represented 49.26, 38.73, and 10.12% of the total fatty acids, respectively. Furthermore, the fatty acid methyl esters of triacylglycerol displayed remarkable biodiesel properties with a lower iodine value (59.00 gI2/100 g), higher oxidative stability (14.24 h) and higher cetane number (58.73) under nitrogen starvation. This study suggests that nitrogen-starved Chlorella vulgaris KP2 could be used as a feedstock for biodiesel production due to the considerable amounts of triacylglycerol and favorable biodiesel properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enver Ersoy Andeden
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Nevsehir Haci Bektas Veli University, Nevsehir, Turkey
| | - Sahlan Ozturk
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Nevsehir Haci Bektas Veli University, Nevsehir, Turkey.
| | - Belma Aslim
- Department of Biology, Gazi University, Ankara, 06500, Turkey
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3
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Keil T, Dittrich B, Rührer J, Morschett H, Lattermann C, Möller M, Büchs J. Polymer-based ammonium-limited fed-batch cultivation in shake flasks improves lipid productivity of the microalga Chlorella vulgaris. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 291:121821. [PMID: 31352167 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study ammonium-limited fed-batch conditions in heterotrophic C. vulgaris shake flask cultivations. Therefore, an innovative polymer-based ammonium release technique (polymer beads) was developed. Using these beads in shake flasks, C. vulgaris cultivations resulted in simultaneous growth and lipid accumulation. Lipid productivity was increased by 43% compared to batch cultivations. Furthermore, by online monitoring of the metabolic activity (RAMOS technique), unlimited growth and depletion of nutrients could be identified. A previously unknown sulfur limitation was detected in the applied Bold's Basal Medium. Combining the ammonium release beads with the RAMOS technique proved to be an efficient method for microalgae process development.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Keil
- AVT - Biochemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 51, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - B Dittrich
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, RWTH Aachen University Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - J Rührer
- AVT - Biochemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 51, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - H Morschett
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences: IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - C Lattermann
- Kuhner Shaker GmbH, Kaiserstraße 100, 52134 Herzogenrath, Germany
| | - M Möller
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, RWTH Aachen University Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Textile and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - J Büchs
- AVT - Biochemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 51, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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Naidoo RK, Simpson ZF, Oosthuizen JR, Bauer FF. Nutrient Exchange of Carbon and Nitrogen Promotes the Formation of Stable Mutualisms Between Chlorella sorokiniana and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Under Engineered Synthetic Growth Conditions. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:609. [PMID: 30972051 PMCID: PMC6443722 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial biotechnological processes can be based on single species pure cultures or on multi-species assemblages. While these assemblages can be advantageous by offering more functionalities and more resilience to changing environmental conditions, they can be unpredictable and difficult to control under synthetically engineered growth conditions. To overcome the unpredictable nature of these microbial assemblages, the generation of stable mutualistic systems through synthetic ecology approaches may provide novel solutions for understanding microbial interactions in these environments. Here we establish a stable association between two evolutionarily unrelated, but biotechnologically complementary species isolated from winery wastewater; a strain of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and microalga, Chlorella sorokiniana. Yeast and microalgae were able to form obligate (interdependent) and non-obligate (facultative) mutualisms under engineered batch co-culture growth conditions. Obligate mutualism was maintained through the reciprocal exchange of carbon and nitrogen where the yeast ferments mannose to produce carbon dioxide for use by the microalga; and the microalga provides the yeast with nitrogen by metabolizing nitrite to ammonium. The effect of temperature and pH on the establishment of these mutualisms was evaluated and pH was found to be a key determinant for mutualism formation under obligatory conditions. Moreover, the combinations of the two species under non-obligatory growth conditions led to improvement in growth rate and biomass production when compared to single species cultures grown under the same conditions. Such engineered mutualisms are the first step in developing stable multi-species assemblages, while providing a system to generate novel insight into the evolution of mutualistic interactions between phylogenetically distant microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Florian F. Bauer
- Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Institute for Wine Biotechnology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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Devasya R, Bassi A. Investigation of phyco-remediation of road salt run-off with marine microalgae Nannochloropsis gaditana. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2019; 40:553-563. [PMID: 29072117 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2017.1397768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Phyco-remediation is an environmental-friendly method, which involves the application of beneficial microalgae to treat wastewater-containing pollutants for a diverse range of conditions. Several industrial processes generate hyper saline wastewater, which is a significant challenge for conventional wastewater treatment, and the disposal of saline waters also has a negative impact on the environment. Road salt run-off is one such saline wastewater stream not currently treated and one that contributes significantly to negatively impacting receiving bodies of water. In this study, Nannochloropsis microalgae were able to assimilate >95% of the nitrates within 8 days in road salt concentrations ranging from 2.6% to 4.4% under phototrophic cultivation mode. Biomass yields of 1-2 g/l of culture were obtained with the maximum lipid of 22% (g/g) biomass in the road salt media. The crude road salt media provided all the essential micronutrients needed for algal cultivation. The fatty acid composition analysis of the obtained lipid composed of C16 and C18 over 45% of FAME are suitable for biofuel. This study has established that the use of road salt containing nitrate and phosphate nutrients will support the growth of marine micro algae for remediation of a waste water system that are the concern at winter-prevalent regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roopa Devasya
- a Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering , Western University , London , Ontario , Canada
| | - Amarjeet Bassi
- a Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering , Western University , London , Ontario , Canada
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Wang F, Gao B, Huang L, Su M, Dai C, Zhang C. Evaluation of oleaginous eustigmatophycean microalgae as potential biorefinery feedstock for the production of palmitoleic acid and biodiesel. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 270:30-37. [PMID: 30212771 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the potential of six oleaginous eustigmatophytes for use as biorefinery feedstock for the co-production of palmitoleic acid (PA) and biodiesel under different initial nitrogen concentrations (INCs). Six eustigmatophytes were studied, the nitrogen deficiency strategy significantly stimulated the simultaneous hyper-accumulation of PA and lipids, and led to a desirable fatty acid profile (FAP), except in Vacuoliviride sp. and Nannochloropsis oculata. Particularly, Eustigmatos cf. polyphem exhibited great potential when supplied with 1 mM INC and yielded the highest PA (29.71% of dry weight (DW)) and lipid (72.01% of DW) contents, as their productivities increased to 96.26 and 232.79 mg/L/d, respectively. Furthermore, neutral lipids accounted for 91.82% of the total lipids and were rich in PA, and the favourable FAPs of C16-C18 (87.95%) and monounsaturated FAs (70.10%) ensured good biodiesel properties including the cetane number (55.69) and iodine value (92.81 gI2/100 g), and all met the standard requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Wang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoyan Gao
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Loudong Huang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Su
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenming Dai
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengwu Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China.
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Sun XM, Geng LJ, Ren LJ, Ji XJ, Hao N, Chen KQ, Huang H. Influence of oxygen on the biosynthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids in microalgae. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 250:868-876. [PMID: 29174352 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
As one of the most important environmental factors, oxygen is particularly important for synthesis of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) in microalgae. In general, a higher oxygen supply is beneficial for cell growth but obstructs PUFA synthesis. The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) under aerobic conditions, which leads to the peroxidation of lipids and especially PUFA, is an inevitable aspect of life, but is often ignored in fermentation processes. Irritability, microalgal cells are able to activate a number of anti-oxidative defenses, and the lipid profile of many species is reported to be altered under oxidative stress. In this review, the effects of oxygen on the PUFA synthesis, sources of oxidative damage, and anti-oxidative defense systems of microalgae were summarized and discussed. Moreover, this review summarizes the published reports on microalgal biotechnology involving direct/indirect oxygen regulation and new bioreactor designs that enable the improved production of PUFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Man Sun
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Jun Geng
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu-Jing Ren
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiao-Jun Ji
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Hao
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke-Quan Chen
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - He Huang
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China
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Matich EK, Ghafari M, Camgoz E, Caliskan E, Pfeifer BA, Haznedaroglu BZ, Atilla-Gokcumen GE. Time-series lipidomic analysis of the oleaginous green microalga species Ettlia oleoabundans under nutrient stress. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2018; 11:29. [PMID: 29441127 PMCID: PMC5800086 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1026-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microalgae are uniquely advantageous organisms cultured and harvested for several value-added biochemicals. A majority of these compounds are lipid-based, such as triacylglycerols (TAGs), which can be used for biofuel production, and their accumulation is most affected under nutrient stress conditions. As such, the balance between cellular homeostasis and lipid metabolism becomes more intricate to achieve efficiency in bioproduct synthesis. Lipidomics studies in microalgae are of great importance as biochemical diversity also plays a major role in lipid regulation among oleaginous species. METHODS The aim of this study was to analyze time-series changes in lipid families produced by microalga under different nutrient conditions and growth phases to gain comprehensive information at the cellular level. For this purpose, we worked with a highly adaptable, oleaginous, non-model green microalga species, Ettlia oleoabundans (a.k.a. Neochloris oleoabundans). Using a mass spectrometry-based untargeted and targeted metabolomics' approach, we analyzed the changes in major lipid families under both replete and deplete nitrogen and phosphorus conditions at four different time points covering exponential and stationary growth phases. RESULTS Comprehensive analysis of the lipid metabolism highlighted the accumulation of TAGs, which can be utilized for the production of biodiesel via transesterification, and depletion of chlorophylls and certain structural lipids required for photosynthesis, under nutrient deprived conditions. We also found a correlation between the depletion of digalactosyldiacylglycerols (DGDGs) and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerols (SQDGs) under nutrient deprivation. CONCLUSIONS High accumulation of TAGs under nutrient limitation as well as a depletion of other lipids of interest such as phosphatidylglycerols (PGs), DGDGs, SQDGs, and chlorophylls seem to be interconnected and related to the microalgal photosynthetic efficiency. Overall, our results provided key biochemical information on the lipid regulation and physiology of a non-model green microalga, along with optimization potential for biodiesel and other value-added product synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. K. Matich
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, NY 14260 USA
| | - M. Ghafari
- Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, NY 14260 USA
| | - E. Camgoz
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Koc University, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - E. Caliskan
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Bogazici University, 34342 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - B. A. Pfeifer
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, NY 14260 USA
| | - B. Z. Haznedaroglu
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Bogazici University, 34342 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - G. E. Atilla-Gokcumen
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, NY 14260 USA
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You SK, Joo YC, Kang DH, Shin SK, Hyeon JE, Woo HM, Um Y, Park C, Han SO. Enhancing Fatty Acid Production of Saccharomyces cerevisiae as an Animal Feed Supplement. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:11029-11035. [PMID: 29185736 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b04485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae is used for edible purposes, such as human food or as an animal feed supplement. Fatty acids are also beneficial as feed supplements, but S. cerevisiae produces small amounts of fatty acids. In this study, we enhanced fatty acid production of S. cerevisiae by overexpressing acetyl-CoA carboxylase, thioesterase, and malic enzyme associated with fatty acid metabolism. The enhanced strain pAMT showed 2.4-fold higher fatty acids than the wild-type strain. To further increase the fatty acids, various nitrogen sources were analyzed and calcium nitrate was selected as an optimal nitrogen source for fatty acid production. By concentration optimization, 672 mg/L of fatty acids was produced, which was 4.7-fold higher than wild-type strain. These results complement the low level fatty acid production and make it possible to obtain the benefits of fatty acids as an animal feed supplement while, simultaneously, maintaining the advantages of S. cerevisiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Kyou You
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University , Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Chul Joo
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University , Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Hee Kang
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University , Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Life Science and Natural Resources, Korea University , Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Kyu Shin
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University , Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Eun Hyeon
- Institute of Life Science and Natural Resources, Korea University , Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Min Woo
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) , 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Youngsoon Um
- Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology , 5 Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Chulhwan Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University , Seoul 139-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ok Han
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University , Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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11
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Jerez CG, Malapascua JR, Sergejevová M, Figueroa FL. Effect of Nutrient Starvation under High Irradiance on Lipid and Starch Accumulation in Chlorella fusca (Chlorophyta). MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2016; 18:24-36. [PMID: 26475145 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-015-9664-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The effect of nitrogen and sulphur limitation under high irradiance (PAR) was studied in the green microalga Chlorella fusca (Chlorophyta) in order to follow lipid and/or starch accumulation. Growth, biomass composition and the changes in photosynthetic activity (in vivo chlorophyll a fluorescence) were followed in the trials. The full nutrient culture showed high biomass production and starch accumulation at Day 1, when photosynthetic activity was high. Gradual deprivation (no nutrients added) became evident when photosynthesis was significantly suppressed (Day 3 onwards), which entailed a decrease of maximum relative electron transport rate (rETRmax) and increase of non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), accompanied by the onset of lipid accumulation and decline in starch content. In N- and S-starved cultures, rETRmax significantly decreased by Day 3, which caused a substantial drop in biomass production, cell number, biovolume and induction of lipid and starch accumulation. High starch content (45-50 % of DW) was found at the initial stage in full nutrient culture and at the stationary phase in nutrient-starved cultures. By the end of the trial, all treatments showed high lipid content (~30 % of DW). The full nutrient culture had higher biomass yield than starved treatments although starch (~0.2 g L(-1) day(-1)) and lipid (~0.15 g L(-1) day(-1) productivities were fairly similar in all the cultures. Our results showed that we could enrich biomass of C. fusca (% DW) in lipids using a two-stage strategy (a nutrient replete stage followed by gradual nutrient limitation) while under either procedure, N- or S-starvation, both high lipid and starch contents could be achieved.
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Hallenbeck PC, Grogger M, Mraz M, Veverka D. Building a better mousetrap I: using Design of Experiments with unconfounded ions to discover superior media for growth and lipid production by Chlorella sp. EN1234. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 184:82-89. [PMID: 25465787 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.10.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
An unconfounded Scheffe Mix approach was used to probe important ions and their interactions in supporting biomass and lipid production by Chlorella sp. EN1234. Six major cations and anions; NH4(+), NO3(-), Na(+), K(+) PO4(-) and Cl(-) were examined. Piepel plots and RSM analysis showed that in a number of cases, the major media anions PO4(-) and Cl(-) negatively influence final cell densities, and that maximal cell density is obtained with nitrate over ammonium, with an optimal effect when mixed with equal molar potassium. As well, although it is commonly assumed that lipid content increases in nitrogen deficient media, here little correlation between nitrogen content and total lipid content was found with mixtures that supported high lipid productivity. Thus these mixtures define the composition space within which further R&D might produce the best trade-off between total biomass production and high cellular lipid content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick C Hallenbeck
- Life Sciences Research Center, Department of Biology, United States Air Force Academy, 2355 Faculty Drive, USAF Academy, CO 80840, United States.
| | - Melanie Grogger
- Life Sciences Research Center, Department of Biology, United States Air Force Academy, 2355 Faculty Drive, USAF Academy, CO 80840, United States
| | - Megan Mraz
- Life Sciences Research Center, Department of Biology, United States Air Force Academy, 2355 Faculty Drive, USAF Academy, CO 80840, United States
| | - Donald Veverka
- Life Sciences Research Center, Department of Biology, United States Air Force Academy, 2355 Faculty Drive, USAF Academy, CO 80840, United States
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Hallenbeck PC, Grogger M, Mraz M, Veverka D. Building a better mousetrap II: using Design of Experiments with unconfounded ions to compare the growth of different microalgae. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 184:90-99. [PMID: 25465789 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2014] [Revised: 11/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A large number of unconfounded media variations were used with a Scheffe Mix Model to examine in an unambiguous fashion the effects of variations in six important ions; NH4(+), NO3(-), Na(+), K(+), PO4(-), and Cl(-), on the growth of Chlorella vulgaris. This allows several novel observations on media components, for example, the inhibitory effects of chloride, to be made. Using a side by side comparison, it is shown that two strains of Chlorella show significant physiological and functional differences brought out by this approach. Testing selected formulations with a diverse set of algae demonstrated different effects on both growth and cellular lipid content, in some cases driving significant lipid production. This suggests that future work using a larger portion of media composition space could lead to the development of novel media supporting maximal biomass production and lipid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick C Hallenbeck
- Life Sciences Research Center, Department of Biology, United States Air Force Academy, 2355 Faculty Drive, USAF Academy, CO 80840, United States.
| | - Melanie Grogger
- Life Sciences Research Center, Department of Biology, United States Air Force Academy, 2355 Faculty Drive, USAF Academy, CO 80840, United States
| | - Megan Mraz
- Life Sciences Research Center, Department of Biology, United States Air Force Academy, 2355 Faculty Drive, USAF Academy, CO 80840, United States
| | - Donald Veverka
- Life Sciences Research Center, Department of Biology, United States Air Force Academy, 2355 Faculty Drive, USAF Academy, CO 80840, United States
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14
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Du Y, Feng Y, Guo R, Chen J. Enhancement by the artificial controlled culture for the algal treatment of antibiotic ceftazidime: a three-step response performance and high-removal efficiency. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra06855j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The improved activity of alga is critical for the biological enhanced treatment to remove contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxiang Du
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance
- Nanjing 210009
- China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
| | - Yunqing Feng
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Ruixin Guo
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Jianqiu Chen
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance
- Nanjing 210009
- China
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