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Kroll T, Grözinger M, Matusch A, Elmenhorst D, Novakovic A, Schneider F, Bauer A. Effects of electroconvulsive therapy on cerebral A 1 adenosine receptor availability: a PET study in patients suffering from treatment-resistant major depressive disorder. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1228438. [PMID: 37520217 PMCID: PMC10380952 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1228438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sleep deprivation and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) effectively ameliorate symptoms in major depressive disorder (MDD). In rodents, both are associated with an enhancement of cerebral adenosine levels, which in turn likely influence adenosinergic receptor expression. The aim of the current study was to investigate cerebral A1 adenosine receptor (A1AR) availability in patients with MDD as a potential mediating factor of antidepressant effects of ECT using [18F]CPFPX and positron emission tomography (PET). Methods Regional A1AR availability was determined before and after a series of ECT applications (mean number ± SD 10.4 ± 1.2) in 14 subjects (4 males, mean age 49.5 ± 11.8 years). Clinical outcome, measured by neuropsychological testing, and ECT parameters were correlated with changes in A1AR availability. Results ECT had a strong antidepressive effect (p < 0.01) while on average cerebral A1AR availability remained unaltered between pre-and post-ECT conditions (F = 0.65, p = 0.42, mean difference ± SD 3.93% ± 22.7%). There was no correlation between changes in clinical outcome parameters and regional A1AR availability, although individual patients showed striking bidirectional alterations of up to 30-40% in A1AR availability after ECT. Solely, for the mean seizure quality index of the applied ECTs a significant association with changes in A1AR availability was found (rs = -0.6, p = 0.02). Discussion In the present study, therapeutically effective ECT treatment did not result in coherent changes of A1AR availability after a series of ECT treatments. These findings do not exclude a potential role for cerebral A1ARs in ECT, but shift attention to rather short-termed and adaptive mechanisms during ECT-related convulsive effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Kroll
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Michael Grözinger
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas Matusch
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - David Elmenhorst
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- Multimodal Neuroimaging Group, Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ana Novakovic
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Frank Schneider
- University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andreas Bauer
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
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2
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Lin YS, Weibel J, Landolt HP, Santini F, Slawik H, Borgwardt S, Cajochen C, Reichert CF. Brain activity during a working memory task after daily caffeine intake and caffeine withdrawal: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1002. [PMID: 36653409 PMCID: PMC9849460 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26808-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute caffeine intake has been found to increase working memory (WM)-related brain activity in healthy adults without improving behavioral performances. The impact of daily caffeine intake-a ritual shared by 80% of the population worldwide-and of its discontinuation on working memory and its neural correlates remained unknown. In this double-blind, randomized, crossover study, we examined working memory functions in 20 young healthy non-smokers (age: 26.4 ± 4.0 years; body mass index: 22.7 ± 1.4 kg/m2; and habitual caffeine intake: 474.1 ± 107.5 mg/day) in a 10-day caffeine (150 mg × 3 times/day), a 10-day placebo (3 times/day), and a withdrawal condition (9-day caffeine followed by 1-day placebo). Throughout the 10th day of each condition, participants performed four times a working memory task (N-Back, comprising 3- and 0-back), and task-related blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) activity was measured in the last session with functional magnetic resonance imaging. Compared to placebo, participants showed a higher error rate and a longer reaction time in 3- against 0-back trials in the caffeine condition; also, in the withdrawal condition we observed a higher error rate compared to placebo. However, task-related BOLD activity, i.e., an increased attention network and decreased default mode network activity in 3- versus 0-back, did not show significant differences among three conditions. Interestingly, irrespective of 3- or 0-back, BOLD activity was reduced in the right hippocampus in the caffeine condition compared to placebo. Adding to the earlier evidence showing increasing cerebral metabolic demands for WM function after acute caffeine intake, our data suggest that such demands might be impeded over daily intake and therefore result in a worse performance. Finally, the reduced hippocampal activity may reflect caffeine-associated hippocampal grey matter plasticity reported in the previous analysis. The findings of this study reveal an adapted neurocognitive response to daily caffeine exposure and highlight the importance of classifying impacts of caffeine on clinical and healthy populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Shiuan Lin
- Centre for Chronobiology, University Psychiatric Clinics Basel, Wilhelm-Klein Strasse 27, 4002, Basel, Switzerland. .,Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland. .,Neuropsychiatry and Brain Imaging, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Janine Weibel
- Centre for Chronobiology, University Psychiatric Clinics Basel, Wilhelm-Klein Strasse 27, 4002, Basel, Switzerland.,Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Peter Landolt
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Sleep and Health Zurich, University Center of Competence, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Santini
- Division of Radiological Physics, Department of Radiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Helen Slawik
- Centre for Chronobiology, University Psychiatric Clinics Basel, Wilhelm-Klein Strasse 27, 4002, Basel, Switzerland.,Clinical Sleep Laboratory, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Borgwardt
- Neuropsychiatry and Brain Imaging, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Cajochen
- Centre for Chronobiology, University Psychiatric Clinics Basel, Wilhelm-Klein Strasse 27, 4002, Basel, Switzerland. .,Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Carolin Franziska Reichert
- Centre for Chronobiology, University Psychiatric Clinics Basel, Wilhelm-Klein Strasse 27, 4002, Basel, Switzerland.,Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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3
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Cerebral A 1 adenosine receptor availability in female and male participants and its relationship to sleep. Neuroimage 2021; 245:118695. [PMID: 34732326 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuromodulator adenosine and its receptors are mediators of sleep-wake regulation which is known to differ between sexes. We, therefore, investigated sex differences in A1 adenosine receptor (A1AR) availability in healthy human subjects under well-rested conditions using [18F]CPFPX and positron emission tomography (PET). [18F]CPFPX PET scans were acquired in 50 healthy human participants (20 females; mean age ± SD 28.0 ± 5.3 years). Mean binding potential (BPND; Logan's reference tissue model with cerebellum as reference region) and volume of distribution (VT) values were calculated in 12 and 15 grey matter brain regions, respectively. [18F]CPFPX BPND was higher in females compared to males in all investigated brain regions (p < 0.025). The largest differences were found in the pallidum and anterior cingulate cortex, where mean BPND values were higher by 29% in females than in males. In females, sleep efficiency correlated positively and sleep latency negatively with BPND in most brain regions. VT values did not differ between sexes. Sleep efficiency correlated positively with VT in most brain regions in female participants. In conclusion, our analysis gives a first indication for potential sex differences in A1AR availability even under well-rested conditions. A1AR availability as measured by [18F]CPFPX BPND is higher in females compared to males. Considering the involvement of adenosine in sleep-wake control, this finding might partially explain the known sex differences in sleep efficiency and sleep latency.
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4
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Zarrinmayeh H, Territo PR. Purinergic Receptors of the Central Nervous System: Biology, PET Ligands, and Their Applications. Mol Imaging 2021; 19:1536012120927609. [PMID: 32539522 PMCID: PMC7297484 DOI: 10.1177/1536012120927609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purinergic receptors play important roles in central nervous system (CNS). These receptors are involved in cellular neuroinflammatory responses that regulate functions of neurons, microglial and astrocytes. Based on their endogenous ligands, purinergic receptors are classified into P1 or adenosine, P2X and P2Y receptors. During brain injury or under pathological conditions, rapid diffusion of extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) or uridine triphosphate (UTP) from the damaged cells, promote microglial activation that result in the changes in expression of several of these receptors in the brain. Imaging of the purinergic receptors with selective Positron Emission Tomography (PET) radioligands has advanced our understanding of the functional roles of some of these receptors in healthy and diseased brains. In this review, we have accumulated a list of currently available PET radioligands of the purinergic receptors that are used to elucidate the receptor functions and participations in CNS disorders. We have also reviewed receptors lacking radiotracer, laying the foundation for future discoveries of novel PET radioligands to reveal these receptors roles in CNS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamideh Zarrinmayeh
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Paul R Territo
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Effects of Long-Term Caffeine Consumption on the Adenosine A 1 Receptor in the Rat Brain: an In Vivo PET Study with [ 18F]CPFPX. Mol Imaging Biol 2019; 20:284-291. [PMID: 28895043 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-017-1116-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Caffeine, a nonselective antagonist of adenosine receptors, is the most popular psychostimulant worldwide. Recently, a protective role of moderate chronic caffeine consumption against neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease has been discussed. Thus, aim of the present study was an in vivo investigation of effects of long-term caffeine consumption on the adenosine A1 receptor (A1AR) in the rat brain. PROCEDURES Sixteen adult, male rats underwent five positron emission tomography (PET) scans with the highly selective A1AR radioligand [18F]CPFPX in order to determine A1AR availability. After the first baseline PET scan, the animals were assigned to two groups: Caffeine treatment and control group. The caffeine-treated animals received caffeinated tap water (30 mg/kg bodyweight/day, corresponding to 4-5 cups of coffee per day in humans) for 12 weeks. Subsequently, caffeine was withdrawn and repeated PET measurements were performed on day 1, 2, 4, and 7 of caffeine withdrawal. The control animals were measured according to the same time schedule. RESULTS At day 1, after 4.4 h of caffeine withdrawal, a significant decrease (- 34.5%, p < 0.001) of whole brain A1AR availability was observed. Unlike all other investigated brain regions in caffeine-treated rats, the hypothalamus and nucleus accumbens showed no significant intraindividual differences between baseline and first withdrawal PET scan. After approximately 27 h of caffeine withdrawal, the region- and group-specific effects disappeared and A1AR availability settled around baseline. CONCLUSIONS The present study provides evidence that chronic caffeine consumption does not lead to persistent changes in functional availability of cerebral A1ARs which have previously been associated with neuroprotective effects of caffeine. The acute and region-specific decrease in cerebral A1AR availability directly after caffeine withdrawal is most likely caused by residual amounts of caffeine metabolites disguising an unchanged A1AR expression at this early time-point.
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Guo M, Gao ZG, Tyler R, Stodden T, Li Y, Ramsey J, Zhao WJ, Wang GJ, Wiers CE, Fowler JS, Rice KC, Jacobson KA, Kim SW, Volkow ND. Preclinical Evaluation of the First Adenosine A 1 Receptor Partial Agonist Radioligand for Positron Emission Tomography Imaging. J Med Chem 2018; 61:9966-9975. [PMID: 30359014 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Central adenosine A1 receptor (A1R) is implicated in pain, sleep, substance use disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases, and is an important target for pharmaceutical development. Radiotracers for A1R positron emission tomography (PET) would enable measurement of the dynamic interaction of endogenous adenosine and A1R during the sleep-awake cycle. Although several human A1R PET tracers have been developed, most are xanthine-based antagonists that failed to demonstrate competitive binding against endogenous adenosine. Herein, we explored non-nucleoside (3,5-dicyanopyridine and 5-cyanopyrimidine) templates for developing an agonist A1R PET radiotracer. We synthesized novel analogues, including 2-amino-4-(3-methoxyphenyl)-6-(2-(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)ethyl)pyridine-3,5-dicarbonitrile (MMPD, 22b), a partial A1R agonist of sub-nanomolar affinity. [11C]22b showed suitable blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability and test-retest reproducibility. Regional brain uptake of [11C]22b was consistent with known brain A1R distribution and was blocked significantly by A1R but not A2AR ligands. [11C]22b is the first BBB-permeable A1R partial agonist PET radiotracer with the promise of detecting endogenous adenosine fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Guo
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging , National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892-1013 , United States
| | - Zhan-Guo Gao
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry , National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892-0810 , United States
| | - Ryan Tyler
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging , National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892-1013 , United States
| | - Tyler Stodden
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging , National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892-1013 , United States
| | - Yang Li
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging , National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892-1013 , United States
| | - Joseph Ramsey
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging , National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892-1013 , United States
| | - Wen-Jing Zhao
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging , National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892-1013 , United States
| | - Gene-Jack Wang
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging , National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892-1013 , United States
| | - Corinde E Wiers
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging , National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892-1013 , United States
| | - Joanna S Fowler
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging , National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892-1013 , United States
| | - Kenner C Rice
- Drug Design and Synthesis Section , National Institute on Drug Abuse and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health , Rockville , Maryland 20892 , United States
| | - Kenneth A Jacobson
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry , National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892-0810 , United States
| | - Sung Won Kim
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging , National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892-1013 , United States
| | - Nora D Volkow
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging , National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892-1013 , United States.,National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892-1013 , United States
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7
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Recovery sleep after extended wakefulness restores elevated A 1 adenosine receptor availability in the human brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:4243-4248. [PMID: 28373571 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1614677114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine and functional A1 adenosine receptor (A1AR) availability are supposed to mediate sleep-wake regulation and cognitive performance. We hypothesized that cerebral A1AR availability after an extended wake period decreases to a well-rested state after recovery sleep. [18F]CPFPX positron emission tomography was used to quantify A1AR availability in 15 healthy male adults after 52 h of sleep deprivation and following 14 h of recovery sleep. Data were additionally compared with A1AR values after 8 h of baseline sleep from an earlier dataset. Polysomnography, cognitive performance, and sleepiness were monitored. Recovery from sleep deprivation was associated with a decrease in A1AR availability in several brain regions, ranging from 11% (insula) to 14% (striatum). A1AR availabilities after recovery did not differ from baseline sleep in the control group. The degree of performance impairment, sleepiness, and homeostatic sleep-pressure response to sleep deprivation correlated negatively with the decrease in A1AR availability. Sleep deprivation resulted in a higher A1AR availability in the human brain. The increase that was observed after 52 h of wakefulness was restored to control levels during a 14-h recovery sleep episode. Individuals with a large increase in A1AR availability were more resilient to sleep-loss effects than those with a subtle increase. This pattern implies that differences in endogenous adenosine and A1AR availability might be causal for individual responses to sleep loss.
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8
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Janssen B, Vugts DJ, Funke U, Molenaar GT, Kruijer PS, van Berckel BNM, Lammertsma AA, Windhorst AD. Imaging of neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis and stroke: Recent developments in positron emission tomography. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1862:425-41. [PMID: 26643549 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is thought to play a pivotal role in many diseases affecting the brain, including Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis and stroke. Neuroinflammation is characterised predominantly by microglial activation, which can be visualised using positron emission tomography (PET). Traditionally, translocator protein 18kDa (TSPO) is the target for imaging of neuroinflammation using PET. In this review, recent preclinical and clinical research using PET in Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis and stroke is summarised. In addition, new molecular targets for imaging of neuroinflammation, such as monoamine oxidases, adenosine receptors and cannabinoid receptor type 2, are discussed. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Neuro Inflammation edited by Helga E. de Vries and Markus Schwaninger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bieneke Janssen
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Danielle J Vugts
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Uta Funke
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; BV Cyclotron VU, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ger T Molenaar
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; BV Cyclotron VU, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Bart N M van Berckel
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan A Lammertsma
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert D Windhorst
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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9
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Kroll T, Elmenhorst D, Weisshaupt A, Beer S, Bauer A. Reproducibility of non-invasive a1 adenosine receptor quantification in the rat brain using [(18)F]CPFPX and positron emission tomography. Mol Imaging Biol 2015; 16:699-709. [PMID: 24595700 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-014-0729-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The A1AR antagonist 8-cyclopentyl-3-(3-fluoropropyl)-1-propylxanthine ([(18)F]CPFPX) has recently been shown to be a suitable radiotracer for quantitative in vivo imaging of the A1 adenosine receptor (A1AR) in rats. The present study evaluates the reproducibility of non-invasive longitudinal A1AR studies with [(18)F]CPFPX and a dedicated small animal positron emission tomography (PET) scanner. PROCEDURES Twelve male Sprague Dawley rats underwent four repeated dynamic PET scans with a bolus injection of [(18)F]CPFPX. A1AR availability was determined by different non-invasive approaches including simplified and multilinear reference tissue (olfactory bulb)-based models and graphical methods. The outcome parameter binding potential (BP) was evaluated in terms of variability and reproducibility. RESULTS Repeated estimations of [(18)F]CPFPX BP ND gave reliable results with acceptable variability (mean 12 %) and reproducibility (intraclass correlation coefficients raging from 0.57 to 0.68) in cortical and subcortical regions of the rat brain. With regard to kinetic models, test-retest stability of the simplified reference-tissue model (SRTM) was superior to multilinear and graphical approaches. CONCLUSIONS Non-invasive quantification of A1AR density in the rat brain is reproducible and reliable with [(18)F]CPFPX PET and allows longitudinal designs of in vivo imaging studies in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Kroll
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany,
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10
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Naganawa M, Mishina M, Sakata M, Oda K, Hiura M, Ishii K, Ishiwata K. Test-retest variability of adenosine A2A binding in the human brain with (11)C-TMSX and PET. EJNMMI Res 2014; 4:76. [PMID: 25621197 PMCID: PMC4293456 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-014-0076-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The goal of the present study was to evaluate the reproducibility of cerebral adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) quantification using 11C-TMSX and PET in a test-retest study. Methods Five healthy volunteers were studied twice. The test-retest variability was assessed for distribution volume (VT) and binding potential relative to non-displaceable uptake (BPND) based on either metabolite-corrected arterial blood sampling or a reference region. The cerebral cortex and centrum semiovale were used as candidate reference regions. Results Test-retest variability of VT was good in all regions (6% to 13%). In the putamen, BPND using the centrum semiovale displayed a lower test-retest variability (3%) than that of BPND using the cerebral cortex as a reference region (5%). The noninvasive method showed a higher or similar level of test-retest reproducibility compared to the invasive method. Conclusions Binding reproducibility is sufficient to use 11C-TMSX as a tool to measure the change in A2AR in the human brain. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13550-014-0076-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika Naganawa
- PET Center, Yale University School of Medicine, 801 Howard Avenue, PO Box 208048, New Haven, CT 06520-8048 USA ; Research Team for Neuroimaging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, 173-0015 Japan
| | - Masahiro Mishina
- Research Team for Neuroimaging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, 173-0015 Japan ; Department of Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, 113-0022 Japan
| | - Muneyuki Sakata
- Research Team for Neuroimaging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, 173-0015 Japan
| | - Keiichi Oda
- Department of Radiological Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University of Science, Hokkaido, 006-8585 Japan
| | - Mikio Hiura
- Faculty of Sports and Health Studies, Hosei University, Tokyo, 194-0298 Japan
| | - Kenji Ishii
- Research Team for Neuroimaging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, 173-0015 Japan
| | - Kiichi Ishiwata
- Research Team for Neuroimaging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, 173-0015 Japan
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11
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Hohoff C, Garibotto V, Elmenhorst D, Baffa A, Kroll T, Hoffmann A, Schwarte K, Zhang W, Arolt V, Deckert J, Bauer A. Association of adenosine receptor gene polymorphisms and in vivo adenosine A1 receptor binding in the human brain. Neuropsychopharmacology 2014; 39:2989-99. [PMID: 24943643 PMCID: PMC4229568 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2014.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine A1 receptors (A1ARs) and the interacting adenosine A2A receptors are implicated in neurological and psychiatric disorders. Variants within the corresponding genes ADORA1 and ADORA2A were shown associated with pathophysiologic alterations, particularly increased anxiety. It is unknown so far, if these variants might modulate the A1AR distribution and availability in different brain regions. In this pilot study, the influence of ADORA1 and ADORA2A variants on in vivo A1AR binding was assessed with the A1AR-selective positron emission tomography (PET) radioligand [(18)F]CPFPX in brains of healthy humans. Twenty-eight normal control subjects underwent PET procedures to calculate the binding potential BPND of [(18)F]CPFPX in cerebral regions and to assess ADORA1 and ADORA2A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) effects on regional BPND data. Our results revealed SNPs of both genes associated with [(18)F]CPFPX binding to the A1AR. The strongest effects that withstood even Bonferroni correction of multiple SNP testing were found in non-smoking subjects (N=22) for ADORA2A SNPs rs2236624 and rs5751876 (corr. Pall<0.05). SNP alleles previously identified at risk for increased anxiety like the rs5751876 T-allele corresponded to consistently higher A1AR availability in all brain regions. Our data indicate for the first time that variation of A1AR availability was associated with ADORA SNPs. The finding of increased A1AR availability in regions of the fear network, particularly in ADORA2A risk allele carriers, strongly warrants evaluation and replication in further studies including individuals with increased anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christa Hohoff
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Münster, Germany,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy,, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, A9, 48149 Münster, Germany, Phone: +4925 1835 7122; Fax: +4925 1835 7123, E-mail:
| | - Valentina Garibotto
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - David Elmenhorst
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Anna Baffa
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Tina Kroll
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Alana Hoffmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Kathrin Schwarte
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Weiqi Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Volker Arolt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jürgen Deckert
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Bauer
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
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Naganawa M, Nabulsi N, Planeta B, Gallezot JD, Lin SF, Najafzadeh S, Williams W, Ropchan J, Labaree D, Neumeister A, Huang Y, Carson RE. Tracer kinetic modeling of [(11)C]AFM, a new PET imaging agent for the serotonin transporter. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2013; 33:1886-96. [PMID: 23921898 PMCID: PMC3851894 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2013.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2013] [Revised: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
[(11)C]AFM, or [(11)C]2-[2-(dimethylaminomethyl)phenylthio]-5-fluoromethylphenylamine, is a new positron emission tomography (PET) radioligand with high affinity and selectivity for the serotonin transporter (SERT). The purpose of this study was to determine the most appropriate kinetic model to quantify [(11)C]AFM binding in the healthy human brain. Positron emission tomography data and arterial input functions were acquired from 10 subjects. Compartmental modeling and the multilinear analysis-1(MA1) method were tested using the arterial input functions. The one-tissue model showed a lack of fit in low-binding regions, and the two-tissue model failed to estimate parameters reliably. Regional time-activity curves were well described by MA1. The rank order of [(11)C]AFM binding potential (BPND) matched well with the known regional SERT densities. For routine use of [(11)C]AFM, several noninvasive methods for quantification of regional binding were evaluated, including simplified reference tissue models (SRTM and SRTM2), and multilinear reference tissue models (MRTM and MRTM2). The best methods for region of interest (ROI) analysis were MA1, MRTM2, and SRTM2, with fixed population kinetic values ( or b') for the reference methods. The MA1 and MRTM2 methods were best for parametric imaging. These results showed that [(11)C]AFM is a suitable PET radioligand to image and quantify SERT in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika Naganawa
- Diagnostic Radiology, PET Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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13
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Elmenhorst D, Kroll T, Wedekind F, Weisshaupt A, Beer S, Bauer A. In vivo kinetic and steady-state quantification of 18F-CPFPX binding to rat cerebral A1 adenosine receptors: validation by displacement and autoradiographic experiments. J Nucl Med 2013; 54:1411-9. [PMID: 23740103 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.112.115576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED In vivo imaging of the A1 adenosine receptor (A1AR) using (18)F-8-cyclopentyl-3-(3-fluoropropyl)-1-propylxanthine ((18)F-CPFPX) and PET has become an important tool for studying physiologic and pathologic states of the human brain. However, dedicated experimental settings for small-animal studies are still lacking. The aim of the present study was therefore to develop and evaluate suitable pharmacokinetic models for the quantification of the cerebral A1AR in high-resolution PET. METHODS On a dedicated animal PET scanner, 15 rats underwent (18)F-CPFPX PET scans of 120-min duration. In all animals, arterial blood samples were drawn and corrected for metabolites. The radioligand was injected either as a bolus or as a bolus plus constant infusion. For the definition of unspecific binding, the A1AR selective antagonist 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (DPCPX) was applied. After PET, the brains of 9 animals were dissected and in vitro saturation binding was performed using high-resolution (3)H-DPCPX autoradiography. RESULTS The kinetics of (18)F-CPFPX were well described by either compartmental or noncompartmental models based on arterial input function. The resulting distribution volume ratio correlated with a low bias toward identity with the binding potential derived from a reference region (olfactory bulb) approach. Furthermore, PET quantification correlated significantly with autoradiographic in vitro data. Blockade of the A1AR with DPCPX identified specific binding of about 45% in the reference region olfactory bulb. CONCLUSION The present study provides evidence that (18)F-CPFPX PET based on a reference tissue approach can be performed quantitatively in rodents in selected applications. Specific binding in the reference region needs careful consideration for quantitative investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Elmenhorst
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-2, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
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14
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Elmenhorst D, Meyer PT, Matusch A, Winz OH, Bauer A. Caffeine occupancy of human cerebral A1 adenosine receptors: in vivo quantification with 18F-CPFPX and PET. J Nucl Med 2012; 53:1723-9. [PMID: 22966134 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.112.105114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Caffeine is the neuroactive agent in coffee and tea and is a broadly consumed stimulant. It is a nonselective antagonist of the neuromodulator adenosine and, if applied in commonly consumed doses, evokes its stimulating effects through the blockade of adenosine receptors. (18)F-8-cyclopentyl-3-(3-fluoropropyl)-1-propylxanthine ((18)F-CPFPX) has been established as a highly selective and affine PET ligand for the A(1) adenosine receptor (A(1)AR). The objective of the present study was to visualize and quantify the in vivo occupancy of the human cerebral A(1)AR by caffeine using (18)F-CPFPX and PET. METHODS Fifteen subjects (age range, 24-68 y) underwent a 140-min bolus-plus-constant-infusion PET experiment after at least 36 h of caffeine abstinence. Metabolite-corrected blood data were used to calculate steady-state distribution volumes (V(T)) during the baseline condition of the scan between 70 and 90 min. Subsequently, subjects received a 10-min infusion of varying concentrations (0.5-4.3 mg/kg of body weight) of caffeine at 90 min. Occupancy V(T) of the A(1)AR was thereafter estimated using data acquired between 120 and 140 min. Occupancy levels were calculated using the Lassen plot, from which the inhibitory concentrations of 50% were derived. Plasma levels of caffeine were determined at regular intervals. One subject received an intravenous vehicle as a placebo. RESULTS Caffeine displaced 5%-44% of (18)F-CPFPX binding in a concentration-dependent manner. There was no change of radioligand binding after the administration of placebo. Half-maximal displacement was achieved at a plasma caffeine concentration of 67 μM, which corresponds to 450 mg in a 70-kg subject or approximately 4.5 cups of coffee. CONCLUSION Given a biologic half-life of about 5 h, caffeine might therefore occupy up to 50% of the cerebral A(1)AR when caffeinated beverages are repeatedly consumed during a day. Furthermore, the present study provides evidence that (18)F-CPFPX PET is suitable for studying the cerebral actions of caffeine, the most popular neurostimulant worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Elmenhorst
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
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Abstract
Advances in radiotracer chemistry have resulted in the development of novel molecular imaging probes for adenosine receptors (ARs). With the availability of these molecules, the function of ARs in human pathophysiology as well as the safety and efficacy of approaches to the different AR targets can now be determined. Molecular imaging is a rapidly growing field of research that allows the identification of molecular targets and functional processes in vivo. It is therefore gaining increasing interest as a tool in drug development because it permits the process of evaluating promising therapeutic targets to be stratified. Further, molecular imaging has the potential to evolve into a useful diagnostic tool, particularly for neurological and psychiatric disorders. This chapter focuses on currently available AR ligands that are suitable for molecular neuroimaging and describes first applications in healthy subjects and patients using positron emission tomography (PET).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Bauer
- Institute of Neuroscience and Biophysics (INB-3), Research Center Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany.
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Marner L, Knudsen GM, Haugbøl S, Holm S, Baaré W, Hasselbalch SG. Longitudinal assessment of cerebral 5-HT2A receptors in healthy elderly volunteers: an [18F]-altanserin PET study. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2008; 36:287-93. [PMID: 18828013 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-008-0945-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2008] [Accepted: 08/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The serotonin 2A (5-HT(2A)) receptor is of interest in several psychiatric and neurological diseases. In the present study we investigated the longitudinal stability of 5-HT(2A) receptors and the stability of the quantification procedure in the elderly in order to be able to study elderly patients with neuropsychiatric diseases on a longitudinal basis. METHODS [(18)F]-Altanserin PET was used to quantify 5-HT(2A) receptors in 12 healthy elderly individuals at baseline and at 2 years in six volumes of interest. A bolus/infusion protocol was used to achieve the binding potential, BP(P). The reproducibility as assessed in terms of variability and the reliability as assessed in terms of intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were used to compare inter- and intraobserver stability and to evaluate the effects of increasing complexity of partial volume (PV) corrections. We also compared the stability of our measurements over 2 years with the stability of data from an earlier study with 2-week test-retest measurements. RESULTS BP(P) was unaltered at follow-up without the use of PV correction and when applying two-tissue PV correction, test-retest reproducibility was 12-15% and reliability 0.45-0.67 in the large bilateral regions such as the parietal, temporal, occipital and frontal cortices, while orbitofrontal and anterior cingulate cortical regions were less stable. The use of PV correction decreased the variability but also decreased the between-subject variation, thereby worsening the reliability. CONCLUSION In healthy elderly individuals, brain 5-HT(2A) receptor binding remains stable over 2 years, and acceptable reproducibility and reliability in larger regions and high intra- and interobserver stability allow the use of [(18)F]-altanserin in longitudinal studies of patients with neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisbeth Marner
- Neurobiology Research Unit, N9201, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Copenhagen O, Denmark.
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Cerebral A1 adenosine receptors (A1AR) in liver cirrhosis. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2007; 35:589-97. [DOI: 10.1007/s00259-007-0586-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2006] [Accepted: 08/20/2007] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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