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Zheng K, Hai Y, Xi Y, Zhang Y, Liu Z, Chen W, Hu X, Zou X, Hao J. Integrative multi-omics analysis unveils stemness-associated molecular subtypes in prostate cancer and pan-cancer: prognostic and therapeutic significance. J Transl Med 2023; 21:789. [PMID: 37936202 PMCID: PMC10629187 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04683-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PCA) is the fifth leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, with limited treatment options in the advanced stages. The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) of PCA results in lower sensitivity to immunotherapy. Although molecular subtyping is expected to offer important clues for precision treatment of PCA, there is currently a shortage of dependable and effective molecular typing methods available for clinical practice. Therefore, we aim to propose a novel stemness-based classification approach to guide personalized clinical treatments, including immunotherapy. METHODS An integrative multi-omics analysis of PCA was performed to evaluate stemness-level heterogeneities. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering was used to classify PCAs based on stemness signature genes. To make stemness-based patient classification more clinically applicable, a stemness subtype predictor was jointly developed by using four PCA datasets and 76 machine learning algorithms. RESULTS We identified stemness signatures of PCA comprising 18 signaling pathways, by which we classified PCA samples into three stemness subtypes via unsupervised hierarchical clustering: low stemness (LS), medium stemness (MS), and high stemness (HS) subtypes. HS patients are sensitive to androgen deprivation therapy, taxanes, and immunotherapy and have the highest stemness, malignancy, tumor mutation load (TMB) levels, worst prognosis, and immunosuppression. LS patients are sensitive to platinum-based chemotherapy but resistant to immunotherapy and have the lowest stemness, malignancy, and TMB levels, best prognosis, and the highest immune infiltration. MS patients represent an intermediate status of stemness, malignancy, and TMB levels with a moderate prognosis. We further demonstrated that these three stemness subtypes are conserved across pan-tumor. Additionally, the 9-gene stemness subtype predictor we developed has a comparable capability to 18 signaling pathways to make tumor diagnosis and to predict tumor recurrence, metastasis, progression, prognosis, and efficacy of different treatments. CONCLUSIONS The three stemness subtypes we identified have the potential to be a powerful tool for clinical tumor molecular classification in PCA and pan-cancer, and to guide the selection of immunotherapy or other sensitive treatments for tumor patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zheng
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Youlong Hai
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yue Xi
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250013, Shandong, China
| | - Yukun Zhang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine East Hospital, Zaozhuang Hospital, Zaozhuang, 277000, Shandong, China
| | - Zheqi Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wantao Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Xiaoyong Hu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Xin Zou
- Jinshan Hospital Center for Tumor Diagnosis & Therapy, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China.
- Department of Pathology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China.
| | - Jie Hao
- Institute of Clinical Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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2
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Ye J, Liu W, Yu X, Wu L, Chen Z, Yu Y, Wang J, Bai S, Zhang M. TRAF7-targeted HOXA5 acts as a tumor suppressor in prostate cancer progression and stemness via transcriptionally activating SPRY2 and regulating MEK/ERK signaling. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:378. [PMID: 37845209 PMCID: PMC10579307 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01675-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Homeobox A5 (HOXA5), a homeodomain transcription factor, is considered a tumor suppressor in cancer progression; however, its function in prostate cancer (PCa) remains unclear. This study focused on the relevance of HOXA5 in PCa progression. We identified the downregulation of HOXA5 in PCa tissues based on the TCGA database and further verified in 30-paired PCa and adjacent normal tissues. Functional studies revealed that HOXA5 upregulation impaired the stem-like characteristics and malignant behaviors of PCa cells in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, HOXA5 was found to be regulated by tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 7 (TRAF7), a putative E3-ubiquitin ligase. We observed that TRAF7 was overexpressed in PCa and subsequently enhanced the degradation of HOXA5 protein via its ubiquitin ligase activity, contributing to the acquisition of an aggressive PCa phenotype. For its downstream mechanism, we demonstrated that sprouty RTK signaling antagonist 2 (SPRY2) served as a downstream target of HOXA5. HOXA5 could directly bind to the SPRY2 promoter, thereby regulating the SPRY2-mediated MEK/ERK signaling pathway. Silencing SPRY2 largely compromised the tumor-suppressive effect of HOXA5 in PCa progression and cancer stemness. Our findings highlight the previously-underappreciated signaling axis of TRAF7-HOXA5-SPRY2, which provides a novel prognostic and therapeutic target for PCa treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Ye
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Wangmin Liu
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xueyang Yu
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Lina Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhengjie Chen
- Department of Urology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yufei Yu
- Department of Urology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jianfeng Wang
- Department of Urology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Song Bai
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
| | - Mo Zhang
- Department of Urology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
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3
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SOX15 transcriptionally increases the function of AOC1 to modulate ferroptosis and progression in prostate cancer. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:673. [PMID: 35922412 PMCID: PMC9349193 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05108-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Amine oxidase copper-containing 1 (AOC1) is considered an oncogene in many types of tumors. Nevertheless, there have been no investigations of AOC1 and its regulatory mechanism in prostate cancer. Here, we reveal a novel action of AOC1 and a tumor suppressor mechanism in prostate cancer. AOC1 is downregulated in prostate cancer. Abatement of AOC1 in prostate cancer tissue is positively correlated with the tumor size, lymph node metastasis, and Gleason score for prostate cancer. Conversely, high expression of AOC1 is significantly associated with reduced proliferation and migration in prostate cancer both in vitro and in vivo. We show that the anticancer effect of AOC1 is mediated by its action on spermidine which leads to the activation of reactive oxygen species and ferroptosis. AOC1 expression in prostate cancer is positively regulated by the transcription factor SOX15. Therefore, SOX15 can transcriptionally promote AOC1 expression and strengthen this effect. Targeting AOC1 and SOX15 may be promising for the treatment of prostate cancer.
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4
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Bahmad HF, Daher D, Aljamal AA, Elajami MK, Oh KS, Alvarez Moreno JC, Delgado R, Suarez R, Zaldivar A, Azimi R, Castellano A, Sackstein R, Poppiti RJ. Repurposing of Anticancer Stem Cell Drugs in Brain Tumors. J Histochem Cytochem 2021; 69:749-773. [PMID: 34165342 PMCID: PMC8647630 DOI: 10.1369/00221554211025482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain tumors in adults may be infrequent when compared with other cancer etiologies, but they remain one of the deadliest with bleak survival rates. Current treatment modalities encompass surgical resection, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. However, increasing resistance rates are being witnessed, and this has been attributed, in part, to cancer stem cells (CSCs). CSCs are a subpopulation of cancer cells that reside within the tumor bulk and have the capacity for self-renewal and can differentiate and proliferate into multiple cell lineages. Studying those CSCs enables an increasing understanding of carcinogenesis, and targeting CSCs may overcome existing treatment resistance. One approach to weaponize new drugs is to target these CSCs through drug repurposing which entails using drugs, which are Food and Drug Administration-approved and safe for one defined disease, for a new indication. This approach serves to save both time and money that would otherwise be spent in designing a totally new therapy. In this review, we will illustrate drug repurposing strategies that have been used in brain tumors and then further elaborate on how these approaches, specifically those that target the resident CSCs, can help take the field of drug repurposing to a new level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisham F. Bahmad
- Arkadi M. Rywlin M.D. Department of Pathology
and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach,
Florida
| | - Darine Daher
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of
Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Abed A. Aljamal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mount Sinai
Medical Center, Miami Beach, Florida
| | - Mohamad K. Elajami
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mount Sinai
Medical Center, Miami Beach, Florida
| | - Kei Shing Oh
- Arkadi M. Rywlin M.D. Department of Pathology
and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach,
Florida
| | - Juan Carlos Alvarez Moreno
- Arkadi M. Rywlin M.D. Department of Pathology
and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach,
Florida
| | - Ruben Delgado
- Arkadi M. Rywlin M.D. Department of Pathology
and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach,
Florida
| | - Richard Suarez
- Department of Pathology, Herbert Wertheim
College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
| | - Ana Zaldivar
- Arkadi M. Rywlin M.D. Department of Pathology
and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach,
Florida
| | - Roshanak Azimi
- Arkadi M. Rywlin M.D. Department of Pathology
and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach,
Florida
| | - Amilcar Castellano
- Arkadi M. Rywlin M.D. Department of Pathology
and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach,
Florida
- Department of Pathology, Herbert Wertheim
College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
| | - Robert Sackstein
- Department of Translational Medicine,
Translational Glycobiology Institute, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine,
Florida International University, Miami, Florida
| | - Robert J. Poppiti
- Arkadi M. Rywlin M.D. Department of Pathology
and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach,
Florida
- Department of Pathology, Herbert Wertheim
College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
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5
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Song S, Li Y, Zhang K, Zhang X, Huang Y, Xu M, Li S, Guan X, Yang T, Liu Z, Jiang J, Luo Y, Lan Y. Cancer Stem Cells of Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma Are Not Enriched in the CD45 +CD19 - cells but in the ALDH high Cells. J Cancer 2020; 11:142-152. [PMID: 31892981 PMCID: PMC6930399 DOI: 10.7150/jca.35000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the existence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) has been suggested in diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL), there is still no definitive marker. CD45+CD19- has been regarded as a potential marker of CSCs in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). So, we explored the role of CD45+CD19- in DLBCL. However, both CD45+CD19- cells and CD45+CD19+ cells did not generate tumors until more than 100,000 cells were inoculated in NOD/SCID mice, even CD45+CD19+ cells generated more and larger tumors, as well as the soft agar colony formation in vitro; The aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity was also identified in this study. Only 1,500 ALDHhigh cells were enough to generate tumors in mice while the same number of ALDH- cells were not. Moreover, both groups formed tumors when more cells were inoculated, but ALDHhigh cells formed more and larger tumors. The similar result was obtained in vitro clonogenicity experiments. OCT4, SOX2, Nanog, and ABCG2 genes did not show any difference in CD45+CD19+, CD45+CD19-, ALDHhigh and ALDH- cells. Taken together, CSCs are not enriched in the CD45+CD19- cells but in the ALDHhigh cells in DLBCL cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shupeng Song
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150000, Hei Longjiang, China
| | - Yongguo Li
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150000, Hei Longjiang, China
| | - Kaili Zhang
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150000, Hei Longjiang, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150000, Hei Longjiang, China
| | - Yanxin Huang
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150000, Hei Longjiang, China
| | - Mingyan Xu
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150000, Hei Longjiang, China
| | - Shuangxing Li
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150000, Hei Longjiang, China
| | - Xue Guan
- Animal experimental center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150000, Hei Longjiang, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Instrument Center, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150000, Hei Longjiang, China
| | - Zhiyu Liu
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150000, Hei Longjiang, China
| | - Jie Jiang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150000, Hei Longjiang, China
| | - Yunping Luo
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing,10005, China
| | - Yinghua Lan
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150000, Hei Longjiang, China
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6
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Santamaria X, Mas A, Cervelló I, Taylor H, Simon C. Uterine stem cells: from basic research to advanced cell therapies. Hum Reprod Update 2019; 24:673-693. [PMID: 30239705 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmy028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stem cell research in the endometrium and myometrium from animal models and humans has led to the identification of endometrial/myometrial stem cells and their niches. This basic knowledge is beginning to be translated to clinical use for incurable uterine pathologies. Additionally, the implication of bone marrow-derived stem cells (BMDSCs) in uterine physiology has opened the field for the exploration of an exogenous and autologous source of stem cells. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE In this review, we outline the progress of endometrial and myometrial stem/progenitor cells in both human and mouse models from their characterization to their clinical application, indicating roles in Asherman syndrome, atrophic endometrium and tissue engineering, among others. SEARCH METHODS A comprehensive search of PubMed and Google Scholar up to December 2017 was conducted to identify peer-reviewed literature related to the contribution of bone marrow, endometrial and myometrial stem cells to potential physiological regeneration as well as their implications in pathologies of the human uterus. OUTCOMES The discovery and main characteristics of stem cells in the murine and human endometrium and myometrium are presented together with the relevance of their niches and cross-regulation. The current state of advanced stem cell therapy using BMDSCs in the treatment of Asherman syndrome and atrophic endometrium is analyzed. In the myometrium, the understanding of genetic and epigenetic defects that result in the development of tumor-initiating cells in the myometrial stem niche and thus contribute to the growth of uterine leiomyoma is also presented. Finally, recent advances in tissue engineering based on the creation of novel three-dimensional scaffolds or decellularisation open up new perspectives for the field of uterine transplantation. WIDER IMPLICATIONS More than a decade after their discovery, the knowledge of uterine stem cells and their niches is crystalising into novel therapeutic approaches aiming to treat with cells those conditions that cannot be cured with drugs, particularly the currently incurable uterine pathologies. Additional work and improvements are needed, but the basis has been formed for this therapeutic application of uterine cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Santamaria
- Reproductive Medicine Department, Igenomix Academy, Paterna (Valencia), Spain.,Reproductive Medicine Department, IVI Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Biomedical Research Group in Gynecology, Vall Hebron Institut de Recerca, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aymara Mas
- Reproductive Medicine Department, Igenomix Academy, Paterna (Valencia), Spain.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Medicine Research Group, La Fe Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
| | - Irene Cervelló
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Infertilidad (FIVI), and Instituto Universitario IVI/INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Hugh Taylor
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Carlos Simon
- Reproductive Medicine Department, Igenomix Academy, Paterna (Valencia), Spain.,Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics, and Gynecology, Valencia University and INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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7
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TGF-β inducible epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in renal cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2019; 10:1507-1524. [PMID: 30863498 PMCID: PMC6407676 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a crucial step in cancer progression and the number one reason for poor prognosis and worse overall survival of patients. Although this essential process has been widely studied in many solid tumors as e.g. melanoma and breast cancer, more detailed research in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is required, especially for the major EMT-inducer transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β). Here, we provide a study of six different RCC cell lines of two different RCC subtypes and their response to recombinant TGF-β1 treatment. We established a model system shifting the cells to a mesenchymal cell type without losing their mesenchymal character even in the absence of the external stimulus. This model system forms a solid basis for future studies of the EMT process in RCCs to better understand the molecular basis of this process responsible for cancer progression.
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8
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Sneha S, Nagare RP, Priya SK, Sidhanth C, Pors K, Ganesan TS. Therapeutic antibodies against cancer stem cells: a promising approach. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2017; 66:1383-1398. [PMID: 28840297 PMCID: PMC11028654 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-017-2049-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies have been extensively used to treat malignancy along with routine chemotherapeutic drugs. Chemotherapy for metastatic cancer has not been successful in securing long-term remission of disease. This is in part due to the resistance of cancer cells to drugs. One aspect of the drug resistance is the inability of conventional drugs to eliminate cancer stem cells (CSCs) which often constitute less than 1-2% of the whole tumor. In some tumor types, it is possible to identify these cells using surface markers. Monoclonal antibodies targeting these CSCs are an attractive option for a new therapeutic approach. Although administering antibodies has not been effective, when combined with chemotherapy they have proved synergistic. This review highlights the potential of improving treatment efficacy using functional antibodies against CSCs, which could be combined with chemotherapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smarakan Sneha
- Laboratory for Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Oncology and Clinical Research, Cancer Institute (WIA), 38, Sardar Patel Road, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 036, India
| | - Rohit Pravin Nagare
- Laboratory for Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Oncology and Clinical Research, Cancer Institute (WIA), 38, Sardar Patel Road, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 036, India
| | - Syama Krishna Priya
- Laboratory for Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Oncology and Clinical Research, Cancer Institute (WIA), 38, Sardar Patel Road, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 036, India
| | - Chirukandath Sidhanth
- Laboratory for Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Oncology and Clinical Research, Cancer Institute (WIA), 38, Sardar Patel Road, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 036, India
| | - Klaus Pors
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Trivadi Sundaram Ganesan
- Laboratory for Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Oncology and Clinical Research, Cancer Institute (WIA), 38, Sardar Patel Road, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 036, India.
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9
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ALBERTI C. Prostate cancer immunotherapy, particularly in combination with androgen deprivation or radiation treatment. Customized pharmacogenomic approaches to overcome immunotherapy cancer resistance. G Chir 2017; 37:225-235. [PMID: 28098061 PMCID: PMC5256907 DOI: 10.11138/gchir/2016.37.5.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Conventional therapeutic approaches for advanced prostate cancer - such as androgen deprivation, chemotherapy, radiation - come up often against lack of effectiveness because of possible arising of correlative cancer cell resistance and/or inadequate anti-tumor immune conditions. Whence the timeliness of resorting to immune-based treatment strategies including either therapeutic vaccination-based active immunotherapy or anti-tumor monoclonal antibody-mediated passive immunotherapy. Particularly attractive, as for research studies and clinical applications, results to be the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte check point blockade by the use of anti-CTLA-4 and PD-1 monoclonal antibodies, particularly when combined with androgen deprivation therapy or radiation. Unlike afore said immune check point inhibitors, both cell-based (by the use of prostate specific antigen carriers autologous dendritic cells or even whole cancer cells) and recombinant viral vector vaccines are able to induce immune-mediated focused killing of specific antigen-presenting prostate cancer cells. Such vaccines, either used alone or concurrently/sequentially combined with above-mentioned conventional therapies, led to generally reach, in the field of various clinical trials, reasonable results particularly as regards the patient's overall survival. Adoptive trasferred T-cells, as adoptive T-cell passive immunotherapy, and monoclonal antibodies against specific antigen-endowed prostate cancer cells can improve immune micro-environmental conditions. On the basis of a preliminary survey about various immunotherapy strategies, are here also outlined their effects when combined with androgen deprivation therapy or radiation. What's more, as regard the immune-based treatment effectiveness, it has to be pointed out that suitable personalized epigenetic/gene profile-achieved pharmacogenomic approaches to target identified gene aberrations, may lead to overcome - as well as for conventional therapies - possible prostate cancer resistance to immunotherapy.
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10
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Zhang X, Wang Y, Cao Y, Zhang X, Zhao H. Increased CCL19 expression is associated with progression in cervical cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:73817-73825. [PMID: 29088748 PMCID: PMC5650303 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the third most common cancer and the fourth leading cause of malignancy related mortality in women worldwide. CCL19 is highly expressed in human cancer cells, and ligand CCL19 binding to CCR7 induces actin polymerization and pseudopodia formation. However, whether or not CCL19 is involved in EMT of human cervical cancer needs further investigation. Using quantitative PCR and western blot analyses, we found that CCL19 is overexpressed in cervical cancer cell lines and tissues. Knockdown of CCL19 via siRNA inhibited the proliferation of cervical cancer cells by increasing apoptosis. Further analyses showed that inhibitory effects of CCL19 on cell migration and invasion were partly associated with EMT process. In conclusion, these data indicate that CCL19 is abnormally expressed in cervical cancer, indicating a novel and important role for CCL19 in cervical cancer malignant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshu Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Immunology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Yanning Cao
- Department of Immunology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Xueshan Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Haiya Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
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11
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Zhong D, Zhang HJ, Jiang YD, Wu P, Qi H, Cai C, Zheng SB, Dang Q. Saikosaponin-d: A potential chemotherapeutics in castration resistant prostate cancer by suppressing cancer metastases and cancer stem cell phenotypes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 474:722-729. [PMID: 27155154 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Androgen deprivation therapy is the gold standard regimen for advanced Prostate cancer (PCa) patients, nevertheless, patients eventually develop into castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Currently only a few chemotherapeutics are available for CRPC. Therefore, it is critical for identifying a new drug. In this study, we will explore a new agent, Saikosaponin-d (SSd), for CRPC therapy based on its mechanism of action. DU145 and CWR22Rv1 cells representing CRPC were employed in this study. A series of cell, biochemical, and molecular biologic assays such as Immunofluorescence, Zymography, Sphere formation, Colony formation, and MTT were used. Finally, we find SSd can significantly inhibit the growth of PCa cells in both dose- and time-dependent and suppress the colony formation during a long-term drug administration, it also can inhibit their migration and invasion abilities, which was accompanied by reverse the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and suppress MMP2/9 expression as well as activities. Furthermore, SSd can suppress cancer stem cell (CSC) phenotypes such as self-renewal ability. Mechanistically, SSd blocks Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway by decreasing GSK3β phosphorylation to affect EMT and CSC. These findings demonstrate the mechanism of anti-cancer activity of SSd in targeting EMT and CSC, suggesting SSd can be a potent agent for CRPC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhong
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Hui-Jian Zhang
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Yao-Dong Jiang
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Peng Wu
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Huan Qi
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Chao Cai
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Shao-Bin Zheng
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China.
| | - Qiang Dang
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China.
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Prostate Cancer Stem Cells: Research Advances. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:27433-49. [PMID: 26593898 PMCID: PMC4661894 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161126036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Revised: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells have been defined as cells within a tumor that possesses the capacity to self-renew and to cause the heterogeneous lineages of cancer cells that comprise the tumor. Experimental evidence showed that these highly tumorigenic cells might be responsible for initiation and progression of cancer into invasive and metastatic disease. Eradicating prostate cancer stem cells, the root of the problem, has been considered as a promising target in prostate cancer treatment to improve the prognosis for patients with advanced stages of the disease.
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Jensen-Jarolim E, Fazekas J, Singer J, Hofstetter G, Oida K, Matsuda H, Tanaka A. Crosstalk of carcinoembryonic antigen and transforming growth factor-β via their receptors: comparing human and canine cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2015; 64:531-7. [PMID: 25832000 PMCID: PMC4412651 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-015-1684-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
There is accumulating evidence that the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and nuclear factor kappa-B (NFκB) pathways are tightly connected and play a key role in malignant transformation in cancer. Immune infiltration by regulatory T- and B-lymphocytes (Tregs, Bregs) has recently gained increased attention for being an important source of TGF-β. There is a plethora of studies examining the pro-tumorigenic functions of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), but its receptor CEAR is far less studied. So far, there is a single connecting report that TGF-β also may signal through CEAR. The crosstalk between cancer tissues is further complicated by the expression of CEAR and TGF-β receptors in stromal cells, and implications of TGF-β in epithelial–mesenchymal transition. Furthermore, tumor-infiltrating Tregs and Bregs may directly instruct cancer cells by secreting TGF-β binding to their CEAR. Therefore, both TGF-β and CEA may act synergistically in breast cancer and cause disease progression, and NFκB could be a common crossing point between their signaling. CEAR, TGF-β1–3, TGF-β-R types I–III and NFκB class I and II molecules have an outstanding human–canine sequence identity, and only a canine CEA homolog has not yet been identified. For these reasons, the dog may be a valid translational model patient for investigating the crosstalk of the interconnected CEA and TGF-β networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Jensen-Jarolim
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Comparative Immunology and Oncology, Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, c/o Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, AKH 4Q, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria,
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14
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Hickman GJ, Rees RC, Boocock DJ, Pockley AG, Perry CC. Controlling the dynamics of cell transition in heterogeneous cultures using surface chemistry. Adv Healthc Mater 2015; 4:593-601. [PMID: 25393206 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201400525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Developing materials that can preferentially select defined cancer cell populations for biological characterization will greatly enhance our understanding of cancer cell growth, differentiation, and invasion. The transitional events between epithelial and mesenchymal phenotypes are particularly crucial, as primary tumors and secondary metastasis are generally epithelial in nature, whereas circulating mesenchymal cells derived from primary epithelial cells appear to facilitate the spread of disease and its resistance to therapy. This study describes an amino-functionalized material, which promotes the enrichment of an epithelial phenotype from a single cell line containing both epithelial and mesenchymal subpopulations of cancer cells. The isolation and transitional control of such subpopulations using functional materials will advance understanding of the disease process, have a significant impact on the downstream development of new targeted cancer therapeutics, and also be applicable to tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham J. Hickman
- The John van Geest Cancer Research Centre; Nottingham Trent University; Nottingham NG11 8NS UK
- Biomolecular & Materials Interface Research Group; Nottingham Trent University; Nottingham NG11 8NS UK
| | - Robert C. Rees
- The John van Geest Cancer Research Centre; Nottingham Trent University; Nottingham NG11 8NS UK
| | - David J. Boocock
- The John van Geest Cancer Research Centre; Nottingham Trent University; Nottingham NG11 8NS UK
| | - A. Graham Pockley
- The John van Geest Cancer Research Centre; Nottingham Trent University; Nottingham NG11 8NS UK
| | - Carole C. Perry
- Biomolecular & Materials Interface Research Group; Nottingham Trent University; Nottingham NG11 8NS UK
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15
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16
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Characterization of prostate neuroendocrine cancers and therapeutic management: a literature review. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2014; 17:220-6. [DOI: 10.1038/pcan.2014.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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17
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Shang Y, Li Z, Li H, Xia H, Lin Z. TIM-3 expression in human osteosarcoma: Correlation with the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition-specific biomarkers. Oncol Lett 2013; 6:490-494. [PMID: 24137353 PMCID: PMC3789023 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2013.1410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Signals from the T cell Ig- and mucin-domain-containing molecules (TIMs) have been demonstrated to be actively involved in regulating the progression of carcinomas. However, the expression and distribution of these molecules in osteosarcoma, the most common primary bone malignancy with poor prognosis, have not been investigated. In this study, the expression of TIMs was examined in nine invasive human osteosarcomas using immunohistochemistry, and the phenotypes were detected by dual immunofluorescence staining. Using immunohistochemistry, it was observed that only TIM-3, rather than TIM-1 or TIM-4, was expressed in these tumor specimens, where it was localized in the cytoplasm and plasma membrane of tumor cells. Dual immunofluorescence staining revealed that the expression of TIM-3 was observed in all cell types investigated, including CD68+ macrophages, CD31+ endothelial cells, CK-18+ epithelial cells and PCNA+ tumor cells. Notably, in sarcoma cells, TIM-3 was co-expressed with certain biomarkers of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), including vimentin, Slug, Snail and Smad. These combined results suggest that TIM-3 triggers tumor cells to acquire features of aggressive EMT and may be involved in the pathogenesis of this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Shang
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, Jilin 133002; ; Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Chifeng University, Chifeng, Inner Mongolia 024000
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18
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Vira D, Basak SK, Veena MS, Wang MB, Batra RK, Srivatsan ES. Cancer stem cells, microRNAs, and therapeutic strategies including natural products. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2012; 31:733-51. [PMID: 22752409 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-012-9382-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells divide continuously and differentiate into organs through the expression of specific transcription factors at specific time periods. Differentiated adult stem cells on the other hand remain in quiescent state and divide by receiving cues from the environment (extracellular matrix or niche), as in the case of wound healing from tissue injury or inflammation. Similarly, it is believed that cancer stem cells (CSCs), forming a smaller fraction of the tumor bulk, also remain in a quiescent state. These cells are capable of initiating and propagating neoplastic growth upon receiving environmental cues, such as overexpression of growth factors, cytokines, and chemokines. Candidate CSCs express distinct biomarkers that can be utilized for their identification and isolation. This review focuses on the known and candidate cancer stem cell markers identified in various solid tumors and the promising future of disease management and therapy targeted at these markers. The review also provides details on the differential expression of microRNAs (miRNAs), and the miRNA- and natural product-based therapies that could be applied for the treatment of cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darshni Vira
- Department of Surgery, VAGLAHS West Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
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Tirino V, Desiderio V, Paino F, De Rosa A, Papaccio F, La Noce M, Laino L, De Francesco F, Papaccio G. Cancer stem cells in solid tumors: an overview and new approaches for their isolation and characterization. FASEB J 2012; 27:13-24. [PMID: 23024375 DOI: 10.1096/fj.12-218222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Primary tumors are responsible for 10% of cancer deaths. In most cases, the main cause of mortality is the formation of metastases. Accumulating evidence suggests that a subpopulation of tumor cells with distinct stem-like properties is responsible for tumor initiation, invasive growth, and metastasis formation. This population is defined as cancer stem cells (CSCs). Existing therapies have enhanced the length of survival after diagnosis of cancer but have completely failed in terms of recovery. CSCs appear to be resistant to chemotherapy, may remain quiescent for extended periods, and have affinity for hypoxic environments. The CSCs can be identified and isolated by different methodologies, including isolation by CSC-specific cell surface marker expression, detection of side population phenotype by Hoechst 33342 exclusion, assessment of their ability to grow as floating spheres, and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity assay. None of the methods mentioned are exclusively used to isolate the solid tumor CSCs, highlighting the imperative to delineate more specific markers or to use combinatorial markers and methodologies. This review provides an overview of the main characteristics and approaches used to identify, isolate, and characterize CSCs from solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Tirino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Histology and Embryology, Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Cancer Stem Cell Eradication Program, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
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Mas A, Cervelló I, Gil-Sanchis C, Faus A, Ferro J, Pellicer A, Simón C. Identification and characterization of the human leiomyoma side population as putative tumor-initiating cells. Fertil Steril 2012; 98:741-751.e6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Revised: 04/26/2012] [Accepted: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Cancer stem cells: in the line of fire. Cancer Treat Rev 2012; 38:589-98. [PMID: 22469558 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2012.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2012] [Revised: 03/07/2012] [Accepted: 03/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Most tumours appear to contain a sub-population(s) of self-renewing and expanding stem cells known as cancer stem cells (CSCs). The CSC model proposes that CSCs are at the apex of a hierarchically organized cell population, somewhat akin to normal tissue organization. Selection pressures may also facilitate the stochastic clonal expansion of sub-sets of cancer cells that may co-exist with CSCs and their progeny, moreover the trait of stemness may be more fluid than hitherto expected, and cells may switch between the stem and non-stem cell state. A large body of evidence points to the fact that CSCs are particularly resistant to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. In this review we discuss the basis of such resistance that highlights the roles of ABC transporters, aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity, intracellular signalling pathways, the DNA damage response, hypoxia and proliferative quiescence as being significant determinants. In the light of such observations, we outline strategies for the successful eradication of CSCs, including targeting the self-renewal controlling pathways (Wnt, Notch and Hedgehog), ALDH activity and ABC transporters, blocking epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), differentiation therapy and niche targeting.
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Li Z, Lee JW, Mukherjee D, Ji J, Jeswani SP, Black KL, Yu JS. Immunotherapy targeting glioma stem cells--insights and perspectives. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2011; 12:165-78. [PMID: 22200324 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2012.648180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive and lethal primary malignant brain tumor. Although progress has been made in current conventional therapies for GBM patients, the effect of these advances on clinical outcomes has been disappointing. Recent research into the origin of cancers suggest that GBM cancer stem cells (GSC) are the source of initial tumor formation, resistance to current conventional therapeutics and eventual patient relapse. Currently, there are very few studies that apply immunotherapy to target GSC. AREAS COVERED CD133, a cell surface protein, is used extensively as a surface marker to identify and isolate GSC in malignant glioma. We discuss biomarkers such as CD133, L1-cell adhesion molecule (L1-CAM), and A20 of GSC. We review developing novel treatment modalities, including immunotherapy strategies, to target GSC. EXPERT OPINION There are very few reports of preclinical studies targeting GSC. Identification and validation of unique molecular signatures and elucidation of signaling pathways involved in survival, proliferation and differentiation of GSC will significantly advance this field and provide a framework for the rational design of a new generation of antigen-specific, anti-GSC immunotherapy- and nanotechnology-based targeted therapyies. Combined with other therapeutic avenues, GSC-targeting therapies may represent a new paradigm to treat GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Li
- Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8361 West Third Street, Suite 800 E, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
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