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Lanham NS, Ahmed R, Kopydlowski NJ, Mueller JD, Levine WN, Jobin CM. Does the timing of tenotomy during biceps tenodesis affect the incidence of Popeye deformity and clinical outcome? An analysis of short-term follow-up of 2 techniques. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2022; 32:917-923. [PMID: 36464205 DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2022.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are multiple techniques that attempt to maintain anatomic length-tension relationship during biceps tenodesis. However, no direct comparison has been performed with respect to the timing of biceps tenotomy during biceps tenodesis. This study aims to assess the incidence of Popeye deformity and clinical outcomes of 2 all-arthroscopic techniques for biceps tenodesis based on timing of the biceps tenotomy. METHODS A consecutive series of patients undergoing arthroscopic biceps tenodesis with concomitant rotator cuff tears were enrolled from 2019 to 2021. Biceps tenodesis performed after tenotomy formed the first cohort (group 1). The other cohort had biceps tenodesis performed prior to biceps tenotomy (group 2). Postoperative anterior arm pain, biceps muscle spasms, and patient perceptions of the appearance of the bicep muscle were assessed. In addition, patient-reported outcomes (PROs) were collected at 3 months and minimum 6 months postoperatively. RESULTS A total of 71 patients were eligible for participation and 62 patients (53% female, age 58.7 ± 9.0 years) were enrolled (n = 33 in group 1, and n = 29 in group 2). There were no differences between groups with respect to gender, age, and laterality of biceps tenodesis, as well as type and size of rotator cuff repair. At 3-month follow-up, Veterans RAND 12-Item Health Survey (VR-12) physical health summary scores were significantly improved in group 2 (44.8 ± 9.7) compared with group 1 (34.1 ± 3.4) (P = .03). In addition, patients in group 2 experienced significantly less pain in their anterior arm than patients in group 1 (19% vs. 33%, P = .02). There were no differences in biceps muscle spasm (3.4% vs. 5.2%, P = .21) and no other differences in PROs between groups. Final follow-up averaged 11.6 ± 3.3 months in group 1 and 11.8 ± 5.5 months in group 2. There were no significant differences in patient-perceived biceps Popeye deformity between group 1 (12.1%) and group 2 (0%) (P = .652). Furthermore, there were no differences in American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Standardized Shoulder Assessment Form, EuroQol-5 Dimension, Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Global Health (PROMIS 10) physical health, PROMIS 10 depression, VR-12 physical health summary, and Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation scores between the 2 technique groups. CONCLUSION Patients with tenotomy performed after tenodesis had better VR-12 physical health summary scores and less arm pain than patients with tenotomy performed before tenodesis at 3-month follow-up. However, there were no differences in any outcome at final follow-up of nearly 1-year. In addition, there were no differences in perceived Popeye deformity between groups at any time period.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rifat Ahmed
- Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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Yoğun Y, Bezirgan U, Dursun M, Armangil M. Is biceps tenodesis necessary when performing arthroscopic rotator cuff repair in patients older than 55 years? Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2022:10.1007/s00402-022-04707-8. [PMID: 36436066 DOI: 10.1007/s00402-022-04707-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In patients with arthroscopic rotator cuff repair, tenotomy and tenodesis are the most performed surgical procedures for the biceps long head (BLH) pathologies. Controversy continues as to which surgical procedure provides better results. This study aimed to compare the clinical outcomes of tenotomy and tenodesis applied to the biceps long head in patients who underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. MATERIALS AND METHODS In our study, the clinical results of 706 patients who underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair with tenotomy or tenodesis on the long biceps head were evaluated retrospectively. Rotator cuff repair patients were divided into two groups as single-row and double-row repair patients. The clinical results of patients who underwent tenotomy and tenodesis in single-row (n = 383) and double-row (n = 323) repair groups were compared. The clinical outcomes of the patients who underwent tenotomy and tenodesis without distinction between double/single-row repair were also compared. Preoperative and postoperative clinical evaluations of the patients were made with Constant Shoulder Score (CSS) and visual pain scale (VAS). The presence of the Popeye sign in the arm, tenderness in the bicipital groove, and cramping in the biceps muscle in the postoperative period was evaluated and compared among groups. Preoperative and postoperative clinical results of the patients were compared within the groups. RESULTS A total of 706 patients with a mean age of 61.78 ± 20.94 years and a mean follow-up period of 29.15 ± 14.28 months were evaluated. The mean age of the tenodesis group (58.13 ± 8.47) was significantly lower than the tenotomy group (61.52 ± 22.58) (p < 0.05). The mean CSS and VAS mean postoperatively in the tenotomy group (n = 587) were 76.84 ± 12.74 and 2.29 ± 2.78. The postoperative mean CSS and VAS in the tenodesis group (n = 119) were 77.56 ± 11.23 and 2.64 ± 2.70. There was no statistically significant difference between the postoperative clinical scores of patients who underwent tenotomy and patients who underwent tenodesis (p > 0.05). There was no difference between the tenotomy and tenodesis groups regarding Popeye deformity (p = 0.980). Bicipital groove tenderness and cramping in the biceps muscle were significantly higher in the tenodesis group (p < 0.001, < 0.001). Tenodesis was performed in 68, and tenotomy was performed in 315 out of 383 patients who underwent single-row rotator cuff repair. Tenodesis was performed in 51, and tenotomy was performed in 272 of 334 patients who underwent double-row rotator cuff repair. When singe versus double-row groups was compared, there was no significant difference in VAS, CSS, Popeye sing, bicipital groove tenderness, or biceps muscle cramping. When tenotomy versus tenodesis was compared within single- and double-row repair groups, there was no significant difference in VAS or CSS. There was no difference between the tenotomy and tenodesis groups regarding Popeye deformity, but bicipital groove tenderness and muscle cramping were more in tenodesis groups regardless of the repair rows. CONCLUSIONS The effect of tenodesis versus tenotomy for BHL pathologies in patients who underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair was not significant for clinical scores, but bicipital groove tenderness and biceps muscle cramping were significantly higher in the tenodesis group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yener Yoğun
- Faculty of Medicine, Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, Ankara University, Hand Surgery Unit, Sıhhiye, Ankara, TR, Turkey.
| | - Uğur Bezirgan
- Faculty of Medicine, Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, Ankara University, Hand Surgery Unit, Sıhhiye, Ankara, TR, Turkey
| | - Merve Dursun
- Faculty of Medicine, Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Armangil
- Faculty of Medicine, Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, Ankara University, Hand Surgery Unit, Sıhhiye, Ankara, TR, Turkey
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Hartland AW, Islam R, Teoh KH, Rashid MS. Clinical effectiveness of tenotomy versus tenodesis for long head of biceps pathology: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e061954. [PMID: 36220319 PMCID: PMC9557260 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-061954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The comparative clinical effectiveness of common surgical techniques to address long head of biceps (LHB) pathology is unclear. We synthesised the evidence to compare the clinical effectiveness of tenotomy versus tenodesis. DESIGN A systematic review and meta-analysis using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. DATA SOURCES EMBASE, Medline, PsycINFO and the Cochrane Library of randomised controlled trials were searched through 31 October 2021. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials, reporting patient reported outcome measures, comparing LHB tenotomy with tenodesis for LHB pathology, with or without concomitant rotator cuff pathology. Studies including patients treated for superior labral anterior-posterior tears were excluded. No language limits were employed. All publications from database inception to 31 October 2021 were included. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Screening was performed by two authors independently. A third author reviewed the article, where consensus for inclusion was required. Data were extracted by two authors. Data were synthesised using RevMan. Inverse variance statistics and a random effects model were used. RESULTS 860 patients from 11 RCTs (426 tenotomy vs 434 tenodesis) were included. Pooled analysis of patient-reported functional outcome measures data demonstrated comparable outcomes (n=10 studies; 403 tenotomy vs 416 tenodesis; standardised mean difference (SMD): 0.14, 95% CI -0.04 to 0.32, p=0.13). There was no significant difference for pain (Visual Analogue Scale) (n=8 studies; 345 tenotomy vs 350 tenodesis; MD: -0.11, 95% CI -0.28 to 0.06, p=0.21). Tenodesis resulted in a lower rate of Popeye deformity (n=10 studies; 401 tenotomy vs 410 tenodesis; OR: 0.29, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.45, p<0.00001). Tenotomy demonstrated shorter operative time (n=4 studies; 204 tenotomy vs 201 tenodesis; MD 15.2, 95% CI 1.06 to 29.36, p<0.00001). CONCLUSIONS Aside from a lower rate of cosmetic deformity, tenodesis yielded no significant clinical benefit to tenotomy for addressing LHB pathology. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42020198658.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raisa Islam
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow, UK
| | - Kar Hao Teoh
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow, UK
| | - Mustafa Saad Rashid
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musckuloskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musckuloskeletal Sciences, Wrightington Wigan and Leigh NHS Foundation Trust, Wigan, UK
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Mardani-Kivi M, Asadi K, Izadi A, Leili EK. Rotator cuff repair with or without proximal end detachment for long head of the biceps tendon tenodesis. Clin Shoulder Elb 2022; 25:101-105. [PMID: 35295070 PMCID: PMC9185117 DOI: 10.5397/cise.2021.00493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rotator cuff tears cause pathologies of the long head of the biceps tendon (LHBT). One of the surgical treatments for such a tear is LHBT tenodesis to the humerus. This study aims to compare simultaneous rotator cuff repair and LHBT tenodesis with or without detachment of the proximal end of the LHBT (PELHBT) from its site of adhesion to the glenoid. Methods This retrospective study involved patients affected by LHBT pathology with rotator cuff tear. The patients were divided into two groups, with or without PELHBT detachment from the glenoid. Therapeutic outcomes were investigated by evaluation of patient satisfaction, pain based on visual analog scale, shoulder function based on Constant score and simple shoulder test, and biceps muscle strength based on the manual muscle testing grading system before surgery, at 6 months, and at the final visit after surgery. Results Groups 1 and 2 comprised 23 and 26 patients, respectively, who showed no significant differences in demographic characteristics (p>0.05). Shoulder function, biceps muscle strength, pain, and satisfaction rate improved over time (p<0.05) but were not significantly different between the two groups (p>0.05). No post-surgical complication was found in either group. Conclusions There was no difference in final outcomes of tenodesis with or without detachment of the PELHBT from the supraglenoid tubercle. Such tendon detachment is not necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Mardani-Kivi
- Orthopedic Research Center, Department of Orthopedic, Poursina Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Kamran Asadi
- Orthopedic Research Center, Department of Orthopedic, Poursina Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Amin Izadi
- Department of Orthopedic, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Ehsan Kazemnejad Leili
- Statistics Department, School of Health, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
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Huddleston HP, Kurtzman JS, Gedailovich S, Koehler SM, Aibinder WR. The rate and reporting of fracture after biceps tenodesis: A systematic review. J Orthop 2021; 28:70-85. [PMID: 34880569 PMCID: PMC8633822 DOI: 10.1016/j.jor.2021.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this systematic review was to (1) define the cumulative humerus fracture rate after BT and (2) compare how often fracture rate was reported compared to other complications. METHODS A systematic review was performed using the PRISMA guidelines. RESULTS 39 studies reported complications and 30 reported no complications. Of the 39 studies that reported complications, 5 studies reported fracture after BT (n = 669, cumulative incidence of 0.53%). The overall non-fracture complication rate was 12.9%. DISCUSSION Due to the relatively high incidence of fracture, surgeons should ensure that this complication is disclosed to patients undergoing BT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailey P. Huddleston
- SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA
| | - Joey S. Kurtzman
- SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA
| | - Samuel Gedailovich
- SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA
| | - Steven M. Koehler
- SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA
| | - William R. Aibinder
- SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA
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Phornphutkul C, Sripongsai R. Impact of shoulder, elbow and forearm position on biceps tendon excursion: A cadaveric study. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong) 2021; 29:23094990211022675. [PMID: 34121510 DOI: 10.1177/23094990211022675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This experimental study investigated the long head biceps tendon (LHBT) excursion that occurs at various positions of the upper limb during tendon stabilizing procedures. We hypothesized that shoulder abduction, elbow extension and forearm pronation would maximize the excursion of the LHBT and potential impacts on tendon stabilization. MATERIALS & METHODS Forequarter specimens from 12 fresh frozen cadavers were used in this study. The study was performed at 0° and 30° of shoulder abduction. Elbow position was either 90° of flexion or full extension with the forearm either in full pronation or supination. A total of 14 combinations of positions were studied. A load of 55 N was applied to the distal biceps. The excursion of the proximal part of LHBT was measured for each of the different positions. RESULTS At a shoulder position of 30° of flexion, shoulder abduction of 30° created significantly greater excursion than 0° of shoulder abduction (p < 0.001). Both full extension of the elbow and full pronation of the forearm also showed significant excursion of the tendon when compared to supination (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The position of the shoulder, elbow and forearm has a significant effect on biceps excursion. Thirty degrees of shoulder abduction and 30° of forward flexion with the elbow in full extension and the forearm in full pronation maximizes excursion. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Information about the excursion of the LHBT affected by the position of the upper limb is useful for any biceps tendon stabilizing procedure. During an operation, the position of the upper limb should be monitored in order to maintain a proper anatomic length-tension relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanakarn Phornphutkul
- Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiangmai University, Chiangmai, Thailand
| | - Ratthapol Sripongsai
- Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiangmai University, Chiangmai, Thailand
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Aldon-Villegas R, Perez-Cabezas V, Chamorro-Moriana G. Efficacy of management of associated dysfunctions on rotator cuff and long head of the biceps: systematic review. J Orthop Surg Res 2021; 16:501. [PMID: 34399799 PMCID: PMC8365915 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-021-02621-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The important functional role the rotator cuff (RC) and biceps play in the shoulder, the close anatomical relationship between them and the high incidence of injuries require an appropriate multidisciplinary therapeutic approach after a rigorous assessment. The objective is to identify and analyze surgical interventions, whether or not followed by a postsurgical one, of associated dysfunctions on the RC and long head of the biceps (LHB) and their effectiveness in improving shoulder functionality. Methods A systematic review based on PRISMA protocol was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, PEDro, Scopus, CINAHL, and Dialnet until 22 April 2021. The main inclusion criteria were as follows: randomized clinical trials including subjects diagnosed with RC and LHB lesions who had surgical and/not post-surgical treatments. The methodological quality of trials was evaluated by the PEDro scale. Data were shown in 3 pre-established tables: (1)sample data, diagnostic methods, dysfunctions and injury frequency, interventions, outcome measures and results; (2)significance and effectiveness of interventions; and (3)comparison of the effectiveness of interventions. Results Eleven studies were selected. The methodological quality of ten of them was assessed as good and one excellent (PEDro scale). All articles had surgical treatments and ten had postoperative management. All trials used arthroscopy and two open surgery too. Single-row, double-row and transosseous repair were used for RC lesions, while SLAP repair, tenotomy, and tenodesis were applied to LHB injuries. Measured parameters were functionality, pain, Popeye’s sign, strength, range of motion, satisfaction degree, biceps cramping, and quality of life. All approaches in general, surgical plus postsurgical, were always effective to the parameters measured in each study. Seven trials compared tenotomy and tenodesis: four of them obtained statistically significant differences in favor of tenodesis in Popeye’s sign, cramping, satisfaction degree, and/or forearm supination strength; and one, in favor of tenotomy in cramping. All studies measured functionality using functional assessment scales. The most widely used was the Constant Score. Conclusions Surgical plus post-surgical interventions in associated dysfunctions on RC and LHB were effective. Tenodesis obtained better results than tenotomy in Popeye’s sign, satisfaction, and forearm supination strength. However, there was no difference regarding biceps cramping. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13018-021-02621-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio Aldon-Villegas
- Department of Physiotherapy, Research Group "Area of Physiotherapy" CTS-305, University of Seville, 41009, Seville, Spain
| | - Veronica Perez-Cabezas
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Research Group "Empowering Health by Physical Activity, Exercise and Nutrition" CTS-1038, University of Cadiz, 11009, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Gema Chamorro-Moriana
- Department of Physiotherapy, Research Group "Area of Physiotherapy" CTS-305, University of Seville, 41009, Seville, Spain.
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Is it a must to tenotomize the biceps intraarticular origin during tenodesis? A prospective case series study of biceps tenodesis without tenotomy. CURRENT ORTHOPAEDIC PRACTICE 2021. [DOI: 10.1097/bco.0000000000000963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Belk JW, Jones SD, Thon SG, Frank RM. Trends in the Treatment of Biceps Pathology: An Analysis of the American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery Database. Orthop J Sports Med 2020; 8:2325967120969414. [PMID: 33447620 PMCID: PMC7780327 DOI: 10.1177/2325967120969414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Long head of biceps tendon pathology is a well-described source of pain in the anterior adult shoulder. Shoulder arthroscopic surgeons face this condition on a frequent basis because of the increasing aging population. Trends in treatment for this condition have varied over recent decades. An understanding of these trends may help orthopaedic surgeons counsel these patients. Purpose: To evaluate trends in treatment selection, patient population, and complications in recent part II examinees of the American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery (ABOS) board examination. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Using a database maintained by the ABOS, we accessed and analyzed examinee data from 2008 to 2019 to evaluate trends in the following categories: examination year/subspecialty, region, patient age/sex, International Classification of Diseases code, Current Procedural Terminology code, and complications. These data points were analyzed for all board-eligible candidates from 2008 to 2019. Results: The annual number of proximal biceps tendon (PBT) procedures performed increased significantly from 597 cases in 2008 to 2203 cases in 2019 (P < .001). Incidence of biceps tendon tenotomy significantly decreased between the years 2007 and 2018 (P < .001). Both open and arthroscopic biceps tenodesis significantly increased between 2007 and 2018 (P < .001). Most PBT cases were performed simultaneously with other procedures (17,283/17,861; 96.8%). The most common PBT procedure performed overall was open tenodesis of long tendon of biceps (∼60.8%). Complication rates for PBT procedures reported each year did not significantly change between 2007 and 2018 (7.5% vs 9.7%; P = .103). Conclusion: PBT procedures are being increasingly performed among recently trained orthopaedic surgeons. Proximal biceps tenotomy has significantly declined, whereas proximal biceps tenodesis, open or arthroscopic, has significantly increased, demonstrating a possible shift in the standard of care among new surgeons.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Belk
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Steven D Jones
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Stephen G Thon
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Rachel M Frank
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Ji X, Ye L, Hua Y, Zhou X. Rotator Cuff Repair Improves Clinical Function and Stability in Patients Older Than 50 Years With Anterior Shoulder Dislocations and Massive Rotator Cuff Tears. Orthop J Sports Med 2020; 8:2325967120969213. [PMID: 33403216 PMCID: PMC7747109 DOI: 10.1177/2325967120969213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Older patients with shoulder instability have a higher prevalence of rotator
cuff tears and anterior capsular lesions. Simultaneous rotator cuff repair
and labral repair are commonly performed to improve shoulder stability and
function. Purpose: To investigate the clinical outcomes of arthroscopic rotator cuff repair for
older patients with shoulder dislocations combined with massive rotator cuff
tears and intact labral tissue. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A cohort consisting of 11 patients older than 50 years with shoulder
dislocations and massive rotator cuff tears undergoing arthroscopic rotator
cuff repair was identified between December 2015 and January 2018. Rotator
cuff repair was performed after Bankart, superior labral anterior-posterior,
and humeral avulsion of the glenohumeral ligament lesions were excluded
during arthroscopic surgery. Preoperative and 12-month postoperative
outcomes including modified University of California Los Angeles (UCLA),
American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES), Western Ontario Shoulder
Instability Index (WOSI), and visual analog scale for pain scores as well as
range of motion (ROM) were recorded. Results: The supraspinatus tendon was torn in all patients. Also, 36.4% of the
patients had 3 rotator cuff tendons torn. For shoulder function, the
preoperative UCLA score (12.1 ± 2.5 [range, 9-16]) and ASES score (35.4 ±
12.7 [range, 24-44]) significantly improved to 29.4 ± 4.3 (range, 24-35;
P < .001) and 79.4 ± 16.0 (range, 45-95;
P < .001), respectively, at 12 months
postoperatively. None of the patients experienced shoulder redislocations at
12 months after surgery. For shoulder stability, the postoperative WOSI
score (156.8 ± 121.0 [range, 45-365]) was significantly better than was the
preoperative score (713.0 ± 238.6 [range, 395-1090]) (P
< .001). For comparisons between preoperative and postoperative ROM,
forward flexion, abduction, and external and internal rotation at the side
significantly improved. Conclusion: For patients older than 50 years with shoulder dislocations combined with
massive rotator cuff tears and an intact labrum, arthroscopic rotator cuff
repair alone achieved satisfactory functional outcomes and ROM without the
recurrence of dislocations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxi Ji
- Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Yinghui Hua
- Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Branca Vergano L, Corsini G, Monesi M. Long head of biceps in proximal fractures of the humerus: an underestimated problem? ACTA BIO-MEDICA : ATENEI PARMENSIS 2020; 91:69-78. [PMID: 32555078 PMCID: PMC7944844 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v91i4-s.9634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background and aim of the work: The long head of biceps (LHB) is one of the tendons of the rotator cuff that runs strictly close to the humeral head. In case of pathology, it can be responsible for pain and shoulder impairment: in such cases, surgical options include tenotomy or tenodesis. The management of LHB along with surgery of the rotator cuff or during shoulder prosthetic replacement has been widely discussed in the literature. Conversely, the possibility of acute impingement and incarceration of LHB in proximal humerus fractures, as well as its role in shoulder pain in outcomes of these fractures, has been poorly considered. Methods: The following aspects in the literature on LHB and proximal humerus fractures have been analysed: its management during fixation of fractures, the possibility of interference of the tendon with reduction of fractures or dislocations of the shoulder and its possible role in chronic pain after fixation of proximal humerus fractures. Results: LHB can be an obstacle in the reduction of fractures, dislocations and fracture-dislocations. Only a few papers take into account acute surgery to LHB (tenotomy or tenodesis); most of the studies on fixation of proximal humerus fractures simply ignore the problem of LHB. The tendon can be a source of pain and a cause of disability in sequelae of these fractures. Conclusions: LHB should be taken into consideration both in the acute phase of fractures of the proximal humerus and in the outcomes. Other studies are needed to better understand its optimal management during fracture surgery. (www.actabiomedica.it)
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mauro Monesi
- Ortopedia e traumatologia Ospedale M. Bufalini, Cesena (FC).
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12
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Ren YM, Duan YH, Sun YB, Yang T, Hou WY, Tian MQ. Is arthroscopic repair superior to biceps tenotomy and tenodesis for type II SLAP lesions? A meta-analysis of RCTs and observational studies. J Orthop Surg Res 2019; 14:48. [PMID: 30760293 PMCID: PMC6375148 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-019-1096-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Labral repair and biceps tenotomy and tenodesis are routine operations for type II superior labrum anterior posterior (SLAP) lesion of the shoulder, but evidence of their superiority is lacking. We conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the clinical outcomes of arthroscopic repair versus biceps tenotomy and tenodesis intervention. Methods The eight studies were acquired from PubMed, Medline, Embase, CNKI, and Cochrane Library. The data were extracted by two of the coauthors independently and were analyzed by RevMan 5.3. Mean differences (MDs), odds ratios (ORs), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Cochrane Collaboration’s Risk of Bias Tool and Newcastle–Ottawa Scale were used to assess risk of bias. Results Eight studies including two randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and six observational studies were assessed. The methodological quality of the trials ranged from low to moderate. The pooled results of UCLA score, SST score, and complications showed that the differences were not statistically significant between the two interventions. The difference of ASES score and satisfaction rate was statistically significant between arthroscopic repair and biceps tenotomy and tenodesis intervention, and arthroscopic biceps tenotomy and tenodesis treatment was more effective. Sensitivity analysis proved the stability of the pooled results, and there were too less included articles to verify the publication bias. Conclusions Both arthroscopic repair and biceps tenotomy and tenodesis interventions had benefits in type II SLAP lesions. Arthroscopic biceps tenotomy and tenodesis treatment provides better clinical outcome in ASES score and satisfaction rate and comparable complications compared with arthroscopic repair treatment. In view of the heterogeneity and confounding factors, whether these conclusions are applicable should be further determined in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ming Ren
- Department of Joint and Sport Medicine, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Jieyuan Road 190, Hongqiao District, Tianjin, 300121, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Hui Duan
- Department of Joint and Sport Medicine, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Jieyuan Road 190, Hongqiao District, Tianjin, 300121, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Bo Sun
- Department of Joint and Sport Medicine, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Jieyuan Road 190, Hongqiao District, Tianjin, 300121, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Joint and Sport Medicine, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Jieyuan Road 190, Hongqiao District, Tianjin, 300121, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Yu Hou
- Department of Joint and Sport Medicine, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Jieyuan Road 190, Hongqiao District, Tianjin, 300121, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Qiang Tian
- Department of Joint and Sport Medicine, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Jieyuan Road 190, Hongqiao District, Tianjin, 300121, People's Republic of China.
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Jain NB, Ayers GD, Fan R, Kuhn JE, Baumgarten KM, Matzkin E, Higgins LD. Predictors of pain and functional outcomes after operative treatment for rotator cuff tears. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2018; 27:1393-1400. [PMID: 30016692 PMCID: PMC6085102 DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2018.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Optimal patient selection is key to success of operative treatment for cuff tears. We assessed predictors of pain and functional outcomes in a longitudinal cohort of patients undergoing operative treatment. METHODS From March 2011 to January 2015, a cohort of patients with rotator cuff tears undergoing rotator cuff surgery was recruited. Patients completed a detailed health and demographic questionnaire, standardized shoulder questionnaires, including the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI), and underwent a magnetic resonance imaging scan. Patients received follow-up questionnaires at 3, 6, 12, and 18 months. We assessed longitudinal predictors of SPADI using longitudinal mixed models. Interactions with follow-up duration after surgery were also assessed. RESULTS In our analysis (n = 50), a lower Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire physical activity score (P = .001) predicted a lower SPADI score (better shoulder pain and function). Those consuming alcohol 1 to 2 times per week or more had lower SPADI scores than those consuming alcohol 2 to 3 times per month or less (P = .017). Both of these variables had a significant interaction with duration of follow-up. Variables that were not significant predictors of SPADI included sociodemographic characteristics, magnetic resonance imaging characteristics, such as tear size and muscle quality, shoulder strength, and variations in surgical techniques/performance of adjuvant surgical procedures. CONCLUSIONS Those with higher fear avoidance behavior and alcohol use of 1 to 2 times per week had worse shoulder pain and function at 18 months of follow-up. These data can be used to select optimal candidates for operative treatment of rotator cuff tears and assist with patient education and expectations before treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin B. Jain
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA,Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Gregory D. Ayers
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Run Fan
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - John E. Kuhn
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth Matzkin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Brigham and Women ‘s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laurence D. Higgins
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Brigham and Women ‘s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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14
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Castricini R, Familiari F, De Gori M, Riccelli DA, De Benedetto M, Orlando N, Galasso O, Gasparini G. Tenodesis is not superior to tenotomy in the treatment of the long head of biceps tendon lesions. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2018. [PMID: 28623414 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-017-4609-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the effectiveness of tenodesis and tenotomy in the treatment of long head of the biceps tendon (LHBT) lesions. The null hypothesis was that there is no difference in functional scores between the tenotomy and tenodesis groups. METHODS A total of 69 patients with a combined supraspinatus tear and LHBT lesion aged over 40 years entered this prospective comparative study and were randomly assigned to the arthroscopic LHB tenotomy or tenodesis group. Fifty-five patients (31 in the tenotomy group and 24 in the tenodesis group) were available for the 6- and 24-month post-operative evaluations. RESULTS There were no statistically significant differences in post-operative Constant and Murley score, quality of life, pain, and strengths between groups. Higher rates of Popeye's sign were noted 6 and 24 months post-operatively in the tenotomy group compared to tenodesis. CONCLUSIONS Although tenotomy is affected by a higher incidence of cosmetic deformity, there is no superiority of arthroscopic tenodesis over tenotomy in the treatment of LHBT lesion as a concomitant procedure to an arthroscopic repair of the supraspinatus tendon in terms of functional outcomes, quality of life, pain, and strength measured 6 and 24 months post-operatively. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Castricini
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Villa Maria Cecilia Hospital, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Filippo Familiari
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, "Magna Graecia" University and "Mater Domini" University Hospital, V.le Europa (loc. Germaneto), 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Marco De Gori
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, "Magna Graecia" University and "Mater Domini" University Hospital, V.le Europa (loc. Germaneto), 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Daria Anna Riccelli
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, "Magna Graecia" University and "Mater Domini" University Hospital, V.le Europa (loc. Germaneto), 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Massimo De Benedetto
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Villa Maria Cecilia Hospital, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Nicola Orlando
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Villa Maria Cecilia Hospital, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Olimpio Galasso
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, "Magna Graecia" University and "Mater Domini" University Hospital, V.le Europa (loc. Germaneto), 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Gasparini
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, "Magna Graecia" University and "Mater Domini" University Hospital, V.le Europa (loc. Germaneto), 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
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15
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Watson ST, Robbins CB, Bedi A, Carpenter JE, Gagnier JJ, Miller BS. Comparison of Outcomes 1 Year After Rotator Cuff Repair With and Without Concomitant Biceps Surgery. Arthroscopy 2017; 33:1928-1936. [PMID: 28822640 DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the outcomes of patients who undergo a long head of the biceps (LHB) procedure (tenotomy or tenodesis) concomitant with rotator cuff repair (RCR) to those of patients who undergo isolated RCR. METHODS Prospectively collected data were retrospectively reviewed on 80 patients, >18 years old, who underwent repair of a full-thickness rotator cuff tear and with 1-year patient-reported outcome scores collected June 2012 to March 2015. The exclusion criteria were concomitant procedures other than LHB tenotomy, tenodesis, or subacromial decompression; prior shoulder surgery; or other shoulder pathology. The 3 patient groups are as follows: RCR + tenotomy, RCR + tenodesis, and isolated RCR. The primary outcome measures were American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, Western Ontario Rotator Cuff (WORC) index, and visual analog scale (VAS) for pain. A t-test measured the mean improvement in LHB patients compared with isolated RCR patients and compared the LHB tenotomy and tenodesis groups. Stepwise linear progression used LHB tenotomy or tenodesis as the primary predictor. RESULTS The biceps procedure group had more female patients (22 vs 7, P = .01); otherwise there were no significant baseline differences. The LHB procedure group had significantly worse baseline ASES scores (mean, 48.9 vs 58.7; P = .032). All RCR patients showed significant improvement in all 3 outcome measures. Patients who had either LHB tenotomy or tenodesis (n = 45) demonstrated significantly greater mean improvement in ASES (mean, 42.7 vs 23.8; P = .002), VAS (mean, 49.2 vs 35.7; P = .020), and WORC scores (mean, 928 vs 743; P = .029) at 1-year follow-up compared with patients who had isolated RCR. ASES scores at 1 year were significantly better in the biceps group (91.6 vs 82.5; P = .023). Linear regression found a biceps procedure to be predictive of a significantly greater improvement in ASES score (P = .01). Analysis of variance revealed that both the LHB tenotomy (P = .04) and tenodesis (P = .01) groups demonstrated more favorable improvement in ASES when compared with RCR alone. CONCLUSIONS Patients who underwent a concomitant biceps procedure when indicated at the time of RCR demonstrated inferior baseline patient-reported outcome measures and greater improvement after 1 year, as well as more favorable ASES scores at 1 year compared with isolated RCR patients. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III, retrospective comparative study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott T Watson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S.A..
| | - Christopher B Robbins
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S.A
| | - Asheesh Bedi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S.A
| | - James E Carpenter
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S.A
| | - Joel J Gagnier
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S.A
| | - Bruce S Miller
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S.A
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16
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Gervasi E, Sebastiani E, Cautero E. No-holes transpectoral tenodesis technique vs tenotomy of the long head of the biceps brachii. Muscles Ligaments Tendons J 2017; 6:427-432. [PMID: 28217562 DOI: 10.11138/mltj/2016.6.4.427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is no univocal consensus regarding Long Head of the Biceps (LHB) best treatment between tenotomy and tenodesis. There is no consensus regarding the best location to perform the tenodesis. The LHB tenodesis performed by the proximal tendon excision as first step can miss the proper tension to the muscle belly. Fixations proximal to the pectoralis major can lead to groove pain. This study aims to test the efficacy of a new LHB tenodesis technique by comparing its results with the tenotomy. METHODS We retrospectively evaluated patients who underwent surgery between May 2014 and May 2015. The mean follow up was 14.7 months. Sixteen patients underwent mini-open tenodesis to the Pectoralis Major tendon by the use of a resorbable suture (TD group); sixteen underwent tenotomy (TT group). The mean age of the TD group was 54 years; the mean age of the TT group was 56 years. We evaluated pain, subjective perception of the patient of possible aesthetic and strength differences between the two biceps, "Popeye sign", and tests to stimulate the LHB. We administered three evaluation questionnaires: the ASES score, the SPADI score, and the SST. RESULTS 32 consecutive patients were evaluated. The clinical scores did not record statistically significant differences: the mean ASES score was 92.9 (TD) and 90.8 (TT); the mean SPADI score was 92.5 (TD), and 89.7 (TT); the mean SST was 8.9 (TD), and 8.4 (TT). Compared to the TD group, in the TT group we registered with greater frequency the "Popeye sign" with a P value < 0.05 (9 cases vs 1), and spasms in the biceps muscle belly (5 cases vs 1). All other signs or symptoms evaluated were more frequent in the TT group, except the strength difference perceived by the patient (3 patients in the TT group, and 2 in the TD group). No complications were recorded. CONCLUSIONS This new Long Head of the Biceps (LHB) tenodesis technique is valuable and reliable, and provided better results than tenotomy. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Gervasi
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Ospedale Civile di Latisana (UD), Italy
| | - Enrico Sebastiani
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Ospedale Civile di Latisana (UD), Italy
| | - Enrico Cautero
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Ospedale Civile di Latisana (UD), Italy
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17
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Best one hundred papers of International Orthopaedics: a bibliometric analysis. INTERNATIONAL ORTHOPAEDICS 2017; 41:689-697. [DOI: 10.1007/s00264-016-3376-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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18
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Park JY, Lee JH, Oh KS, Chung SW, Bang JY, Noh YM. Bridge Tenodesis: A Secure Fixation Technique for Biceps Long Head Tendinopathy During Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair Using a Suture-Bridge Technique. Arthrosc Tech 2016; 5:e1077-e1081. [PMID: 27909678 PMCID: PMC5124374 DOI: 10.1016/j.eats.2016.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Tendinopathy of the long head of the biceps is often found as an intra-articular pathology in the glenohumeral joint. Because long head of the biceps lesions are common, surgical intervention to properly manage the long head of the biceps has become an important issue. Both tenodesis and tenotomy have been shown to provide benefits in biceps long head tendinopathy. But because of concerns about muscle power reduction, cramping, and "Popeye's deformity," which may result from biceps tenotomy, biceps tenodesis is a good option for treating biceps lesions. Here, we describe a time-saving, simple, and secure biceps tenodesis method during rotator cuff repairs, which is a combination of an adjacent soft-tissue tenodesis and a bony suprapectoral tenodesis, by performing a combined tenodesis (soft + bony), and we believe that the shoulder joint will gain more strength and loosening complications will be reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Young Park
- Center for Shoulder, Elbow and Sports, NEON Orthopaedic Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hyung Lee
- Center for Shoulder, Elbow and Sports, NEON Orthopaedic Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea,Address correspondence to Jae-Hyung Lee, M.D., Center for Shoulder, Elbow and Sports, NEON Orthopaedic Center, Nonhyeon 2-dong 111-13, Novel Build, 4th Floor, Gangnamgu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.Center for Shoulder, Elbow and SportsNEON Orthopaedic CenterNonhyeon 2-dong 111-13Novel Build4th FloorGangnamguSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Soo Oh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Konkuk University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Won Chung
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Konkuk University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Young Bang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Pusan, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Min Noh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wonkwang University Sanbon Hospital, Sanbon, Republic of Korea
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19
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Uschok S, Herrmann S, Pauly S, Perka C, Greiner S. Combined arthroscopic tenodesis of the long head of biceps and rotator cuff repair in antero-superior cuff tears. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2016; 136:1273-1279. [PMID: 27393497 DOI: 10.1007/s00402-016-2498-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE AND HYPOTHESIS This study evaluates the functional and cosmetic results following fixation of the long head of the biceps (LHB) tendon at the antero-medial footprint anchor of a rotator cuff reconstruction, using the "lasso-loop" technique. METHODS 39 patients with a mean age of 62 years with a rotator cuff tear and associated lesion of the LHB tendon were included in this study. Besides rotator cuff repair in an arthroscopic anchor technique, all patients received additional LHB tenodeses using the lasso-loop technique. Clinical follow-up consisted of the Constant score (CS), LHB score, DASH score, and WORC index. Relevant sub-items, such as elbow flexion strength and cosmesis, were compared to the contralateral arm. RESULTS At an average follow-up of 22 months (11-39 months), the CS resulted in an average of 81 points. The biceps-specific LHB score showed a mean value of 89 points. The analysis of the DASH score showed an average of 16.9 points and the analysis of the WORC index showed an average result of 79.7 %. Distalization of the biceps muscle was objectively in three cases (7.7 %) (as observed by the examiner) and subjectively in one of those cases (as noted by the patient). There was a loss in elbow flexion strength compared to the contralateral side; however, this loss was not statistically significant and not associated with clinical apparent re-tear or insufficiency of the tenodesis. DISCUSSION The arthroscopic lasso-loop tenodesis of the LHB tendon is a time and cost-efficient technique. No additional anchor is needed when included in the rotator cuff repair. Functional and cosmetical results as well as results from the biceps-specific LHB score were good to excellent. The loss in elbow flexion strength is most likely associated with concomitant rotator cuff lesion. CONCLUSION The lasso-loop fixation technique of the LHB tendon using the antero-medial footprint anchor in rotator cuff tears is a reliable and cost-efficient procedure. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Uschok
- Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - S Herrmann
- Helios Klinikum Emil von Behring, Walterhöferstrasse 11, 14169, Berlin, Germany
| | - S Pauly
- Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - C Perka
- Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - S Greiner
- Sportopaedicum Regensburg, Hildegard-von-Bingen-Str. 1, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
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20
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Wiseman SP, Beran MC, Warahadpande S, MacDonald JP. Rupture of the Long Head of the Biceps Tendon in a Pediatric Athlete: A Case Report. JBJS Case Connect 2016; 6:e33. [PMID: 29252667 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.cc.15.00174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
CASE We report a case of an adolescent athlete who sustained an isolated rupture of the long head of the biceps tendon and was subsequently treated with subpectoral biceps tenodesis. CONCLUSION Provided that there is no damage to the rotator cuff, an open biceps tenodesis may be performed in this young patient population with good short-term outcomes and return to full activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P Wiseman
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery (S.P.W. and M.C.B.) and Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Pediatrics (J.P.M.), Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Matthew C Beran
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery (S.P.W. and M.C.B.) and Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Pediatrics (J.P.M.), Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio.,College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | | | - James P MacDonald
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery (S.P.W. and M.C.B.) and Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Pediatrics (J.P.M.), Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio.,College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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21
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Leroux T, Chahal J, Wasserstein D, Verma NN, Romeo AA. A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Comparing Clinical Outcomes After Concurrent Rotator Cuff Repair and Long Head Biceps Tenodesis or Tenotomy. Sports Health 2015; 7:303-7. [PMID: 26137174 PMCID: PMC4481674 DOI: 10.1177/1941738114539627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: A comparison of clinical outcomes after long head of biceps (LHB) tenotomy or tenodesis performed concurrently with rotator cuff repair (RCR) is of interest to physicians and patients. Objective: A systematic review of clinical outcome studies examining LHB tenotomy or tenodesis performed concurrently with RCR. Secondarily, perform a meta-analysis of data from comparative studies. Data Sources: MEDLINE (1946 to week 30 of 2013) and EMBASE (1980 to week 30 of 2013). Study Selection: Levels 1 through 4 studies reporting clinical outcomes of concurrent RCR and LHB tenotomy or tenodesis with minimum 1-year follow-up. Study Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Level of Evidence: Level 4. Data Extraction: Two independent reviewers identified eligible studies and applied the exclusion criteria. Clinical outcome data, including functional outcome score(s), biceps deformity and cramping, and patient satisfaction, were extracted. Clinical outcome data from included studies were pooled (weighted according to study size) and reported. A meta-analysis was performed only on outcomes extracted from comparative studies (α = 0.05). Results: Twelve studies (N = 565 patients; mean age, 61.3 years; 46.3% men) were included. Of these, 6 (N = 263) included RCR and LHB tenotomy and 9 (N = 302) included RCR and LHB tenodesis. A meta-analysis was performed on 3 comparative studies (levels 1 and 2), demonstrating that the postoperative Constant score at a mean follow-up of 25.5 months was significantly greater after tenodesis (92.8 [tenodesis] vs 90.6 [tenotomy], P < 0.01); however, this difference was less than the reported minimal clinically important difference of 10.4 points. Similarly, the rate of biceps deformity was significantly less after tenodesis (15.5% [tenotomy] vs 3.9% [tenodesis], P < 0.01); however, most patients were not bothered by it. There were no significant differences in the rate of biceps cramping or patient satisfaction. Conclusion: Although the postoperative Constant score and rate of biceps deformity favor LHB tenodesis statistically, the clinical significance appears negligible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Leroux
- University of Toronto Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jaskarndip Chahal
- University of Toronto Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada ; Osteoarthritis Research Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Wasserstein
- University of Toronto Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada ; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nikhil N Verma
- Division of Sports Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Anthony A Romeo
- Division of Sports Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
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Tenotomy or tenodesis for the long head of biceps lesions in shoulders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121286. [PMID: 25786125 PMCID: PMC4364971 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Both tenotomy and tenodesis have been widely used for the treatment of long head of biceps tendon (LHBT) lesions, but the optimal strategy remains considerably controversial. In this meta-analysis of published studies, we compared the results of the two procedures. Methods A literature search that compared tenotomy with tenodesis was performed using MEDLINE, and Embase until August 2014. A total of 7 studies reporting data on 622 subjects were included. Study quality was evaluated using the PEDro critical appraisal tool and the NO quality assessment tool. Results Data synthesis showed higher functional outcomes, a lower complication rate, and longer surgical time in patients managed with tenodesis compared to tenotomy (Constant score, P = 0.02; Popeye sign, P < 0.001; cramp pain, P = 0.04; surgical time, P < 0.001, respectively). Conclusion This meta-analysis indicates that tenodesis results in better arm function and lower incidences of cramp pain and Popeye sign in LHBT lesions, while the procedure required longer surgical time compared to tenotomy. More sufficiently powered studies would be required to further determine the optimal strategy.
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23
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Friedman JL, FitzPatrick JL, Rylander LS, Bennett C, Vidal AF, McCarty EC. Biceps Tenotomy Versus Tenodesis in Active Patients Younger Than 55 Years: Is There a Difference in Strength and Outcomes? Orthop J Sports Med 2015; 3:2325967115570848. [PMID: 26535382 PMCID: PMC4555607 DOI: 10.1177/2325967115570848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proximal biceps pathology is a significant factor in shoulder pain. Surgical treatment options include biceps tenotomy and subpectoral biceps tenodesis. Tenotomy is a simple procedure, but it may produce visible deformity, subjective cramping, or loss of supination strength. Tenodesis is a comparatively technical procedure involving a longer recovery, but it has been hypothesized to achieve better outcomes in younger active patients (<55 years). HYPOTHESIS This study investigated the outcomes of younger patients who underwent either a biceps tenotomy or tenodesis as part of treatment for shoulder pain. The hypothesis was that, apart from cosmetic deformity, there will be no difference in outcome between the 2 treatment options. STUDY DESIGN Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. METHODS Isometric strength and endurance testing of operative and nonoperative shoulders for forearm supination (FS) and elbow flexion (EF) were tested utilizing an isometric dynamometer. Objective physical assessment was also performed. Subjective outcomes using the modified American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score (ASES); Disability of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH); visual analog scale (VAS); and perceived biceps symptoms were collected. RESULTS A total of 42 patients (22 tenotomy, 20 tenodesis) with an average follow-up of 3.3 years were studied. The average age at follow-up was 49.9 years. Thirty-five percent (7/20) of tenotomy patients exhibited a "Popeye" deformity, compared with 18.2% (4/22) of tenodesis patients. Strength prior to fatiguing exercise was similar between tenodesis and tenotomy for FS (6.9 vs 7.3 lbs; P < .05), EF in neutral (35.4 vs 35.4 lbs), and EF in supination (33.8 vs 34.2 lbs). Strength was not significantly different between groups for isometric strength and endurance measures. Subjective functional outcome measured by the DASH, ASES, and VAS scores were similar between groups. Frequency of complaints of cramping was higher in the tenotomy group (4/20 vs 1/22), and complaints of pain were higher in the tenodesis group (11/22 vs 5/20). CONCLUSION Despite increased demands and activity placed on biceps function in a younger population, this study showed no differences in functional and subjective outcome measurements. The choice between biceps tenotomy and tenodesis for pathology of the proximal biceps tendon can continue to be based on surgeon and patient preference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie L Friedman
- University of Connecticut Health Center, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Lucas S Rylander
- Denver VA Medical Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Christine Bennett
- CU Sports Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Armando F Vidal
- CU Sports Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Eric C McCarty
- CU Sports Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Boulder, Colorado, USA
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Zhang Q, Zhou J, Ge H, Cheng B. Tenotomy or tenodesis for long head biceps lesions in shoulders with reparable rotator cuff tears: a prospective randomised trial. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2015; 23:464-9. [PMID: 23828089 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-013-2587-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tenotomy and tenodesis are both effective for the treatment of long head biceps lesions. The aim of this study was to compare the clinical outcomes of the two procedures in patients older than 55 years of age affected by reparable rotator cuff tears with concomitant long head biceps pathologies. METHODS Patients older than 55 years of age with long head biceps lesions and reparable rotator cuff tears were selected for this study. A total of 151 patients were randomly assigned to the tenotomy group (77 patients) or the tenodesis group (74 patients). Arthroscopic rotator cuff repair was performed in all the patients. Before surgery, physical and radiological examinations were performed; the constant score was measured as well. After the operation, the surgical time, cost, pain (VAS scores), Popeye sign, cramping pain, constant scores, satisfaction level and the elbow flexion and forearm supination strength indices were recorded. RESULTS Patients were followed for an average of 24 months. No significant differences in the clinical results for the constant scores, the forearm supination and elbow flexion strength indices, Popeye sign, cramping pain and satisfaction level were found between the groups. However, tenotomy required a shorter surgical time (40.4 ± 4.0 vs. 50.4 ± 5.9 min, P < 0.001) and resulted in faster pain relief (3.1 ± 1.8 vs. 4.8 ± 1.9, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Both tenotomy and tenodesis are effective and equal for the treatment of long head biceps lesions. However, because tenotomy requires a shorter surgical time and results in faster pain relief, tenotomy may be more suitable for the treatment of long head biceps lesions in patients older than 55 years of age with reparable rotator cuff tears. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic studies, Level I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 301 Yanchang Middle Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
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Werner BC, Burrus MT, Miller MD, Brockmeier SF. Tenodesis of the Long Head of the Biceps: A Review of Indications, Techniques, and Outcomes. JBJS Rev 2014; 2:01874474-201412000-00003. [DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.rvw.n.00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Taylor SA, Fabricant PD, Baret NJ, Newman AM, Sliva N, Shorey M, O'Brien SJ. Midterm clinical outcomes for arthroscopic subdeltoid transfer of the long head of the biceps tendon to the conjoint tendon. Arthroscopy 2014; 30:1574-81. [PMID: 25240473 DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2014.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to assess the midterm functional outcomes for arthroscopic subdeltoid transfer of the long head of the biceps tendon (LHBT) to the conjoint tendon. METHODS Fifty-six shoulders in 54 patients (46 men, 8 women; mean age, 42 years) who underwent isolated arthroscopic subdeltoid LHBT transfer to the conjoint tendon by a single surgeon with a minimum of 4 years follow-up were evaluated with American Society of Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) and L'Insalata scores. A subset of patients was available for physical examination. RESULTS At an average of 6.4 years postoperatively, ASES and L'Insalata scores were 86 and 85, respectively, corresponding to 88% of patients rated good to excellent. Twelve shoulders (10 from men patients, 2 from women patients; mean age 41 years; average follow-up, 6.3 years) underwent physical examination. Mean University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) score was 31, and there were no significant differences in side-to-side elbow flexion strength or endurance using a 10-pound weight. One patient had a Popeye sign. There were no major complications reported in this cohort. CONCLUSIONS Arthroscopic transfer of the LHBT to the conjoint tendon is a safe and durable intervention for chronic refractory biceps tendinitis. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level IV, therapeutic case series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel A Taylor
- Sports Medicine and Shoulder Service, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, U.S.A..
| | - Peter D Fabricant
- Sports Medicine and Shoulder Service, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, U.S.A
| | - Nikolas J Baret
- Sports Medicine and Shoulder Service, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, U.S.A
| | - Ashley M Newman
- Sports Medicine and Shoulder Service, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, U.S.A
| | - Nicole Sliva
- Sports Medicine and Shoulder Service, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, U.S.A
| | - Mary Shorey
- Sports Medicine and Shoulder Service, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, U.S.A
| | - Stephen J O'Brien
- Sports Medicine and Shoulder Service, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, U.S.A
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Ji JH, Shafi M, Jeong JJ, Park SE. Arthroscopic repair of large and massive rotator cuff tears using the biceps-incorporating technique: mid-term clinical and anatomical results. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC SURGERY AND TRAUMATOLOGY 2013; 24:1367-74. [PMID: 24085654 DOI: 10.1007/s00590-013-1323-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to determine the anatomical and clinical outcomes of a biceps-incorporating rotator cuff repair without detaching the biceps origin from the glenoid in a large or massive rotator cuff tear, in which the biceps tendon could be incorporated into the cuff defect and help to provide tendon healing and prevent upward migration of the humeral head. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-five consecutive patients with a mean age of 62 years (41-81 years) had primary arthroscopic repair of their large or massive rotator cuff in which biceps tendon incorporated into the cuff defect without detaching the biceps tendon from the glenoid was performed. Functional outcome was determined by the visual analog scale (VAS) for pain during motions, simple shoulder test (SST), the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) score, and the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons scores (ASES) (mean follow-up, 24 months). The continuity of rotator cuff mechanism was evaluated using the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) among all the patients after 2 years. RESULTS At the final follow-up, mean VAS scores increased significantly from 7.1 to 2.0 points, ASES scores from 35 to 83, UCLA scores from 14 to 30, and SST scores from 4 to 9, respectively (p < 0.05). Moreover, the range of motion was significantly increased except the external rotation from preoperative 27° to postoperative 33° (p = 0.183). MRI evaluation showed that 22 of 35 patients (63%) had heeled tendons and 7 patients (20%) had partial re-tear. Of 35 patients, 6 (17%) had a complete re-tear. Only 3 of these 6 patients were not satisfied with the result. CONCLUSIONS Using this simple biceps-incorporating rotator cuff repair technique, we achieved good clinical and moderate anatomical results, and prevent superior migration of the humeral head in a large or massive rotator cuff tear. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level IV retrospective review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Hun Ji
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 520-2, Deahung-Dong, Joong-Ku, Daejeon, 302-803, South Korea
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McDonald LCDRLS, Dewing CDRCB, Shupe LCDRPG, Provencher CDRMT. Disorders of the proximal and distal aspects of the biceps muscle. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2013; 95:1235-45. [PMID: 23824393 PMCID: PMC6948813 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.l.00221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
PROXIMAL ASPECT OF BICEPS: Tenodesis of the long head of the biceps may offer improved cosmesis, improved strength, and diminished activity-related pain compared with tenotomy, although comparative studies have shown similar outcomes in some patient populations. DISTAL ASPECT OF BICEPS: Operative treatment of both partial and complete distal biceps ruptures results in better outcomes compared with nonoperative care, although the optimal technique and fixation are yet to be determined. Nonoperative management is an acceptable treatment for patients willing to accept some loss of forearm supination and elbow flexion strength as well as changes in endurance and cosmesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- LCDR Lucas S. McDonald
- Department of Orthopaedics, Naval Medical Center San Diego, 34800 Bob Wilson Drive, San Diego, CA 92134-1112. E-mail address for L.S. McDonald:
| | - CDR Christopher B. Dewing
- Department of Orthopaedics, Naval Medical Center San Diego, 34800 Bob Wilson Drive, San Diego, CA 92134-1112. E-mail address for L.S. McDonald:
| | | | - CDR Matthew T. Provencher
- Department of Orthopaedics, Naval Medical Center San Diego, 34800 Bob Wilson Drive, San Diego, CA 92134-1112. E-mail address for L.S. McDonald:
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Lemos D, Esquivel A, Duncan D, Marsh S, Lemos S. Outlet biceps tenodesis: a new technique for treatment of biceps long head tendon injury. Arthrosc Tech 2013; 2:e83-8. [PMID: 23875155 PMCID: PMC3716193 DOI: 10.1016/j.eats.2012.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2011] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Degeneration and tearing of the long head of the biceps brachii tendon (LHBT) are common intra-articular findings, and surgical intervention including tenodesis or tenotomy is beneficial. A new arthroscopic shoulder technique may be performed through an anterior portal while one is viewing from a posterior portal: (1) Visualize the intra-articular biceps tendon. (2) Identify the segment of the LHBT to be enlarged. (3) Use a tissue modulation wand to enlarge the tendon. (4) Evaluate the diameter of the enlarged segment. It should be twice the original diameter. (5) Cut the biceps tendon at the proximal end of the enlarged segment. (6) View the tendon within the tunnel. (7) Identify and cut the remaining stump of the biceps tendon. Seventeen cadaveric shoulders were used to compare the pullout force, stiffness, and displacement of outlet tenodesis versus tenotomy. There was a significant increase in pullout force for the outlet tenodesis group when compared with tenotomy. This technique is used to operatively treat LHBT intra-articular pathology in patients who would benefit from tenotomy and traditional biceps tenodesis and may minimize the retraction of the biceps tendon distally.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Stephen Lemos
- Address correspondence to Stephen Lemos, M.D., Ph.D., DMC Sports Medicine, 28800 Ryan Rd, Ste 220, Warren, MI 48092.
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De Carli A, Vadalà A, Zanzotto E, Zampar G, Vetrano M, Iorio R, Ferretti A. Reparable rotator cuff tears with concomitant long-head biceps lesions: tenotomy or tenotomy/tenodesis? Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2012; 20:2553-8. [PMID: 22349543 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-012-1918-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2011] [Accepted: 02/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the study was to determine clinical, functional, and radiological results of two groups of patients affected by rotator cuff tear with concomitant degeneration of the long head of the biceps tendon treated with tenotomy/tenodesis or tenotomy. METHODS Sixty-five patients were randomly assigned to group A (35 patients, tenotomy/tenodesis) and group B (30 patients, tenotomy). All patients underwent physical examination and simple shoulder test and Constant score scales. Moreover, they underwent dynamometric tests and power Doppler ultrasonography in order to evaluate the exact location of the long-head biceps and the vascularization of the repaired rotator cuff and of the long-head biceps. RESULTS Physical examination and clinical evaluation scales showed satisfactory results in both groups, with no significant differences (n.s.). Popeye sign was detected in 5 patients (17%) of group B and in no one patient of group A. Ultrasound examination showed the LHB within the bicipital groove in 80% of group A and group B. Power Doppler ultrasonography showed signs of vascularization of the LHB in 20% of patients of group A and in 40% of group B and signs of vascularization of the repaired rotator cuff in 28% of group A and 40% of group B. CONCLUSIONS Long head of the biceps tenotomy combined with tenodesis does not provide any significant clinical or functional improvement than isolated tenotomy. However, the incidence of the Popeye sign is significantly higher, even though not associated with any functional disfunction. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic study, Level II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo De Carli
- Orthopaedic and Traumatology Department, S Andrea Hospital, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
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Karataglis D, Papadopoulos P, Boutsiadis A, Fotiadou A, Ditsios K, Hatzokos I, Christodoulou A. Ultrasound evaluation of the distal migration of the long head of biceps tendon following tenotomy in patients undergoing arthroscopic repair of tears of the rotator cuff. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 94:1534-9. [DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.94b11.29499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluates the position of the long head of biceps tendon using ultrasound following simple tenotomy, in patients with arthroscopically repaired rotator cuff tears. In total, 52 patients with a mean age of 60.7 years (45 to 75) underwent arthroscopic repair of the rotator cuff and simple tenotomy of the long head of biceps tendon. At two years post-operatively, ultrasound revealed that the tendon was inside the bicipital groove in 43 patients (82.7%) and outside in nine (17.3%); in six of these it was lying just outside the groove and in the remaining three (5.8%) it was in a remote position with a positive Popeye Sign. A dynamic ultrasound scan revealed that the tenotomised tendons had adhered to the surrounding tissues (autotenodesis).The initial condition of the tendon influenced its final position (p < 0.0005). The presence of a Popeye sign was statistically influenced by the pre-operative co-existence of supraspinatus and subscapularis tears (p < 0.0001). It appears that the natural history of the tenotomised long head of biceps tendon is to tenodese itself inside or just outside the bicipital groove, while its pre-operative condition and coexistent subscapularis tears play a significant role in the occurrence of a Popeye sign.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Karataglis
- “G. Papanikolaou” General Hospital, 1st
Orthopaedic Department, 57010 Exohi, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - P. Papadopoulos
- Aristotelian University of Thessaloniki, 1st
Orthopaedic Department, “G. Papanikolaou” General
Hospital, 57010 Exohi, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - A. Boutsiadis
- “G. Papanikolaou” General Hospital, 1st
Orthopaedic Department, 57010 Exohi, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - A. Fotiadou
- “G. Papanikolaou” General Hospital, Radiology
Department, 57010 Exohi, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - K. Ditsios
- Aristotelian University of Thessaloniki, 1st
Orthopaedic Department, “G. Papanikolaou” General
Hospital, 57010 Exohi, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - I. Hatzokos
- Aristotelian University of Thessaloniki, 1st
Orthopaedic Department, “G. Papanikolaou” General
Hospital, 57010 Exohi, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - A. Christodoulou
- Aristotelian University of Thessaloniki, 1st
Orthopaedic Department, “G. Papanikolaou” General
Hospital, 57010 Exohi, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Instruments to assess patients with rotator cuff pathology: a systematic review of measurement properties. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2012; 20:1961-70. [PMID: 22183737 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-011-1827-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aims of this study were to obtain an overview of the methodological quality of studies on the measurement properties of rotator cuff questionnaires and to describe how well various aspects of the design and statistical analyses of studies on measurement properties are performed. METHODS A systematic review of published studies on the measurement properties of rotator cuff questionnaires was performed. Two investigators independently rated the quality of the studies using the Consensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments checklist. This checklist was developed in an international Delphi consensus study. RESULTS Sixteen studies were included, in which two measurement instruments were evaluated, namely the Western Ontario Rotator Cuff Index and the Rotator Cuff Quality-of-Life Measure. The methodological quality of the included studies was adequate on some properties (construct validity, reliability, responsiveness, internal consistency, and translation) but need to be improved on other aspects. The most important methodological aspects that need to be developed are as follows: measurement error, content validity, structural validity, cross-cultural validity, criterion validity, and interpretability. CONCLUSION Considering the importance of adequate measurement properties, it is concluded that, in the field of rotator cuff pathology, there is room for improvement in the methodological quality of studies measurement properties. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE II.
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Slenker NR, Lawson K, Ciccotti MG, Dodson CC, Cohen SB. Biceps tenotomy versus tenodesis: clinical outcomes. Arthroscopy 2012; 28:576-82. [PMID: 22284407 DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2011.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2011] [Revised: 09/01/2011] [Accepted: 10/19/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We present a systematic review of the current literature regarding the use of the 2 most common surgical treatments for lesions of the long head of the biceps brachii, tenotomy or tenodesis. Currently, there is no consensus management in the literature because most studies lack high levels of evidence. METHODS PubMed was systematically reviewed for eligible articles relating to biceps tenotomy or tenodesis. Level I to IV evidence and English-language studies reporting on the clinical outcomes of these 2 procedures were included. The primary clinical outcome measurements for each study were determined and were normalized and reported as the percentage of "excellent/good" versus "poor" results based on criteria laid out in each study. RESULTS Sixteen studies met the inclusion criteria. All articles reviewed were of Level IV evidence, except for one Level II prospective cohort study.(10) All studies, a total of 433 tenodesis procedures resulted in an excellent/good outcome in 74% of patients, with an 8% rate of cosmetic deformity. A total of 699 tenotomy procedures resulted in an excellent/good outcome in 77% of patients, with a 43% occurrence of cosmetic deformity. Postoperative bicipital pain was found in 43 of 226 cases (19%) of tenotomy and 18 of 74 cases (24%) of tenodesis. The 4 studies that compared the procedures directly did not show any significant clinical differences between the groups other than a cosmetic deformity being present more frequently after tenotomy. CONCLUSIONS Tenotomy and tenodesis have comparably favorable results in the literature, with the only major difference being a higher incidence of cosmetic deformity with biceps tenotomy. However, there is currently no consensus regarding the use of tenotomy versus tenodesis for the treatment of lesions of the long head of the biceps brachii. The lack of prospective, randomized trials limits our ability to recommend 1 technique over the other. There is a great need for controlled trials to investigate the differences between these 2 procedures. Individual patient factors and needs should guide the surgeon on which procedure to use. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level IV, systematic review of Level IV studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas R Slenker
- Sports Medicine Service, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rothman Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA.
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Latissimus dorsi tendon transfer for massive irreparable rotator cuff tears: a systematic review. Sports Med Arthrosc Rev 2012; 19:428-37. [PMID: 22089293 DOI: 10.1097/jsa.0b013e3182390639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Tendon transfers have been proposed as a possible solution to restore pain-free functions, strength, and range of motion in patients with massive and irreparable cuff tears. The aim of this review is to establish the outcomes of (1) latissimus dorsi tendon transfer (LDT-T) surgery performed as a single procedure or in combination with other muscle-tendon transfer procedures, replacement, or both; (2) LDT-T in primary and revision surgery for massive irreparable rotator cuff tears; (3) the LDT-T procedure in relation to subscapularis and teres minor integrity; (4) the LDT-T procedure in relation to the reattachment position on the humeral head of the transferred tendon; (5) the LDT-T procedure performed as a single or a double incision; (6) arthroscopic, open, or combined approach: and (7) the LDT-T procedure in patients with preoperative osteoarthritis and a nonosteoarthritic condition with the evaluation of osteoarthritis progression. A systematic review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines. Studies of levels of evidence I-IV were included. The LDT-T surgical procedure, outcomes, and complications were evaluated. Twenty-two studies describing 493 shoulders in 487 patients were included in our study. There were no prospective randomized, controlled studies. LDT-T is a promising strategy for the management of massive and irreparable rotator cuff tears, even though no agreement was found on several aspects and options of LDT-T. Randomized prospective control studies are still awaited on this subject.
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Abstract
Several tests have been described to examine the shoulder. However, there is a lack of consensus on clinical assessment of patients with shoulder pain and suspected rotator cuff pathology. This review reports the diagnostic accuracy of clinical tests for rotator cuff pathology. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of 21 clinical tests for rotator cuff pathology are reported from the available literature. Twenty studies investigated supraspinatus pathology, 12 infraspinatus pathology, and 9 subscapularis pathology. Most tests for rotator cuff pathology are inaccurate, and the recent literature shows that there is insufficient evidence to recommend 1 clinical test over another for diagnosis of rotator cuff pathology. Poor diagnostic accuracy of clinical tests for rotator cuff pathology may be related to the close relationships of structures in the shoulder, to a lack of understanding of anatomical basis of the tests, or to their lack of reproducibility.
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Abstract
The pathogenesis of rotator cuff tears is multifactorial. Tendon abnormalities of the rotator cuff include alteration of collagen fiber structure, tenocytes, cellularity, and vascularity. Ruptured tendons show marked collagen degeneration and disordered arrangement of collagen fibers. Fibroblast population decreases as the size of the tear in the rotator cuff increases. The larger fibroblast population seen in the smaller tears is also actively proliferating and is part of an active reparative process. Inflammatory cell infiltrate correlates inversely to rotator cuff tear size in the torn supraspinatus tendon samples, with larger tears showing a marked reduction in all cell types. As tear size increase, there is also a progressive decrease in the number of blood vessels. Whether rotator cuff tear heals spontaneously is an important pathologic and clinical question. Histologic changes indicative of repair and inflammation lead to consider biological options in addition to biomechanical treatment of the rotator cuff tears.
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Abstract
Rotator cuff tears are common, and lead to shoulder pain and functional impairment. Despite their frequency and related disability, etiology and pathogenesis are still debated. Multiple factors contribute to tears of the rotator cuff. Extrinsic factors are anatomic variables, such as acromial morphologic characteristics, os acromiale, and acromial spurs that compress the rotator cuff by bony impingement or direct pressure from the surrounding soft tissue. Intrinsic factors arise from the tendon itself, because of tensile overload, aging, microvascular supply, traumatisms, or degeneration. Little information is available from a cellular and molecular point of view. We reviewed the biological factors involved in the pathogenesis of rotator cuff tears. Understanding the mechanism of rotator cuff pathology would facilitate the rationale for therapeutic interventions, by guiding the design, selection, and implementation of treatment strategies such as biologic modulation and preventive measures.
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Biological strategies to enhance healing of the avascular area of the meniscus. Stem Cells Int 2011; 2012:528359. [PMID: 22220179 PMCID: PMC3246301 DOI: 10.1155/2012/528359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Accepted: 11/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Meniscal injuries in the vascularized peripheral part of the meniscus have a better healing potential than tears in the central avascular zone because meniscal healing principally depends on its vascular supply. Several biological strategies have been proposed to enhance healing of the avascular area of the meniscus: abrasion therapy, fibrin clot, organ culture, cell therapy, and applications of growth factors. However, data are too heterogeneous to achieve definitive conclusions on the use of these techniques for routine management of meniscal lesions. Although most preclinical and clinical studies are very promising, they are still at an experimental stage. More prospective randomised controlled trials are needed to compare the different techniques for clinical results, applicability, and cost-effectiveness.
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A Systematic Review of the Reverse Shoulder Replacement in Rotator Cuff Arthropathy, Rotator Cuff Tears, and Rheumatoid Arthritis. Sports Med Arthrosc Rev 2011; 19:366-79. [DOI: 10.1097/jsa.0b013e318224e44e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Longo UG, Loppini M, Berton A, Spiezia F, Maffulli N, Denaro V. Tissue engineered strategies for skeletal muscle injury. Stem Cells Int 2011; 2012:175038. [PMID: 25098362 PMCID: PMC3216349 DOI: 10.1155/2012/175038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2011] [Accepted: 09/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle injuries are common in athletes, occurring with direct and indirect mechanisms and marked residual effects, such as severe long-term pain and physical disability. Current therapy consists of conservative management including RICE protocol (rest, ice, compression and elevation), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and intramuscular corticosteroids. However, current management of muscle injuries often does not provide optimal restoration to preinjury status. New biological therapies, such as injection of platelet-rich plasma and stem-cell-based therapy, are appealing. Although some studies support PRP application in muscle-injury management, reasons for concern persist, and further research is required for a standardized and safe use of PRP in clinical practice. The role of stem cells needs to be confirmed, as studies are still limited and inconsistent. Further research is needed to identify mechanisms involved in muscle regeneration and in survival, proliferation, and differentiation of stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umile Giuseppe Longo
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, Trigoria, 00128 Rome, Italy
- Centro Integrato di Ricerca (CIR) Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - Mattia Loppini
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, Trigoria, 00128 Rome, Italy
- Centro Integrato di Ricerca (CIR) Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Berton
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, Trigoria, 00128 Rome, Italy
- Centro Integrato di Ricerca (CIR) Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - Filippo Spiezia
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, Trigoria, 00128 Rome, Italy
- Centro Integrato di Ricerca (CIR) Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Maffulli
- Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Mile End Hospital, 275 Bancroft Road, London E1 4DG, UK
| | - Vincenzo Denaro
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, Trigoria, 00128 Rome, Italy
- Centro Integrato di Ricerca (CIR) Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128, Rome, Italy
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Tissue engineering for rotator cuff repair: an evidence-based systematic review. Stem Cells Int 2011; 2012:418086. [PMID: 25098365 PMCID: PMC3216270 DOI: 10.1155/2012/418086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2011] [Accepted: 10/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this systematic review was to address the treatment of rotator cuff tears by applying tissue engineering approaches to improve tendon healing, specifically platelet rich plasma (PRP) augmentation, stem cells, and scaffolds. Our systematic search was performed using the combination of the following terms: “rotator cuff”, “shoulder”, “PRP”, “platelet rich plasma”, “stemcells”, “scaffold”, “growth factors”, and “tissue engineering”. No level I or II studies were found on the use of scaffolds and stem cells for rotator cuff repair. Three studies compared rotator cuff repair with or without PRP augmentation. All authors performed arthroscopic rotator cuff repair with different techniques of suture anchor fixation and different PRP augmentation. The three studies found no difference in clinical rating scales and functional outcomes between PRP and control groups. Only one study showed clinical statistically significant difference between the two groups at the 3-month follow up. Any statistically significant difference in the rates of tendon rerupture between the control group and the PRP group was found using the magnetic resonance imaging. The current literature on tissue engineering application for rotator cuff repair is scanty. Comparative studies included in this review suggest that PRP augmented repair of a rotator cuff does not yield improved functional and clinical outcome compared with non-augmented repair at a medium and long-term followup.
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Longo UG, Petrillo S, Franceschetti E, Maffulli N, Denaro V. Growth factors and anticatabolic substances for prevention and management of intervertebral disc degeneration. Stem Cells Int 2011; 2012:897183. [PMID: 25098367 PMCID: PMC3216373 DOI: 10.1155/2012/897183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2011] [Accepted: 09/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is frequent, appearing from the second decade of life and progressing with age. Conservative management often fails, and patients with IVD degeneration may need surgical intervention. Several treatment strategies have been proposed, although only surgical discectomy and arthrodesis have been proved to be predictably effective. Biological strategies aim to prevent and manage IVD degeneration, improving the function and anabolic and reparative capabilities of the nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus cells and inhibiting matrix degradation. At present, clinical applications are still in their infancy. Further studies are required to clarify the role of growth factors and anticatabolic substances for prevention and management of intervertebral disc degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umile Giuseppe Longo
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico, University of Rome, Via Álvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, Italy
- Centro Integrato di Ricerca (CIR), Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Álvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Petrillo
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico, University of Rome, Via Álvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, Italy
- Centro Integrato di Ricerca (CIR), Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Álvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Edoardo Franceschetti
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico, University of Rome, Via Álvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, Italy
- Centro Integrato di Ricerca (CIR), Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Álvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Maffulli
- Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Mile End Hospital, 275 Bancroft Road, London E1 4DG, UK
| | - Vincenzo Denaro
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico, University of Rome, Via Álvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, Italy
- Centro Integrato di Ricerca (CIR), Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Álvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
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Advances in meniscal tissue engineering. Stem Cells Int 2011; 2012:420346. [PMID: 25098366 PMCID: PMC3205710 DOI: 10.1155/2012/420346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Accepted: 08/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Meniscal tears are the most common knee injuries and have a poor ability of healing. In the last few decades, several techniques have been increasingly used to optimize meniscal healing. Current research efforts of tissue engineering try to combine cell-based therapy, growth factors, gene therapy, and reabsorbable scaffolds to promote healing of meniscal defects. Preliminary studies did not allow to draw definitive conclusions on the use of these techniques for routine management of meniscal lesions. We performed a review of the available literature on current techniques of tissue engineering for the management of meniscal tears.
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Bauer G, Löbig C. [Arthroscopic treatment strategies for the long head of the biceps tendon]. DER ORTHOPADE 2011; 40:6-8, 10-2. [PMID: 21161169 DOI: 10.1007/s00132-010-1675-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Shoulder pain is a common issue in orthopedic clinics and the advancement and progress in shoulder arthroscopy has brought new knowledge into the anatomy, pathology and treatment. Affection of the long head of the biceps tendon (LHBT) may be the cause of these disorders. Pathologies of the LHBT are comorbidities of rotator cuff tears or shoulder instability. The following article gives an overview of diseases of the LHBT as well as arthroscopic treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bauer
- Sportklinik Stuttgart, Deutschland.
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Biceps tenotomy versus tenodesis: a review of clinical outcomes and biomechanical results. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2011; 20:326-32. [PMID: 21051241 DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2010.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2010] [Revised: 08/11/2010] [Accepted: 08/18/2010] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS There are significant differences in incidence of cosmetic deformity and load to tendon failure between biceps tenotomy versus tenodesis for the treatment of long head of the biceps brachii (LHB) tendon lesions which are supported by the evidence-based strengths and weaknesses of each procedure in the literature. MATERIALS AND METHODS PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched for eligible clinical and biomechanical articles relating to biceps tenotomy or tenodesis from 1966 to 2010. Keywords were biceps tenotomy, biceps tenodesis, long head of the biceps brachii, and Popeye sign. All relevant studies were included based on study objectives, and excluded studies consisted of abstracts, case reports, letters to the editor, and articles without outcome measures. RESULTS All articles reviewed were of level IV evidence. Combined results from reviewed papers on the differences between LHB tenotomy vs tenodesis demonstrated a higher incidence of cosmetic deformity in patients treated with biceps tenotomy. Complications were similar for each treatment, with a higher likelihood of bicipital pain associated with tenodesis. Lack of high levels of evidence from prospective randomized trials limits our ability to recommend one technique over another. DISCUSSION This review demonstrated a higher incidence of cosmetic deformity in patients treated with biceps tenotomy compared with tenodesis, with an associated lower load to tendon failure. However, there was no consensus in the literature regarding the use of tenotomy vs. tenodesis for LHB tendon lesions due to variable results and methodology of published studies. Individual patient factors and needs should guide surgeons on whether to use tenotomy or tenodesis. CONCLUSIONS There is a great need for future studies with high levels of evidence, control, randomization, and power, with well-defined study variables, to compare biceps tenotomy and tenodesis for the treatment of LHB tendon lesions.
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Castricini R, Longo UG, De Benedetto M, Panfoli N, Pirani P, Zini R, Maffulli N, Denaro V. Platelet-rich plasma augmentation for arthroscopic rotator cuff repair: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Sports Med 2011; 39:258-65. [PMID: 21160018 DOI: 10.1177/0363546510390780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 375] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND After reinsertion on the humerus, the rotator cuff has limited ability to heal. Growth factor augmentation has been proposed to enhance healing in such procedure. PURPOSE This study was conducted to assess the efficacy and safety of growth factor augmentation during rotator cuff repair. STUDY DESIGN Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1. METHODS Eighty-eight patients with a rotator cuff tear were randomly assigned by a computer-generated sequence to receive arthroscopic rotator cuff repair without (n = 45) or with (n = 43) augmentation with autologous platelet-rich fibrin matrix (PRFM). The primary end point was the postoperative difference in the Constant score between the 2 groups. The secondary end point was the integrity of the repaired rotator cuff, as evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging. Analysis was on an intention-to-treat basis. RESULTS All the patients completed follow-up at 16 months. There was no statistically significant difference in total Constant score when comparing the results of arthroscopic repair of the 2 groups (95% confidence interval, -3.43 to 3.9) (P = .44). There was no statistically significant difference in magnetic resonance imaging tendon score when comparing arthroscopic repair with or without PRFM (P = .07). CONCLUSION Our study does not support the use of autologous PRFM for augmentation of a double-row repair of a small or medium rotator cuff tear to improve the healing of the rotator cuff. Our results are applicable to small and medium rotator cuff tears; it is possible that PRFM may be beneficial for large and massive rotator cuff tears. Also, given the heterogeneity of PRFM preparation products available on the market, it is possible that other preparations may be more effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Castricini
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Ospedale Civile, Jesi, Italy
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