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Chamorro-Moriana G, Espuny-Ruiz F, Ridao-Fernández C, Magni E. Clinical value of questionnaires & physical tests for patellofemoral pain: Validity, reliability and predictive capacity. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302215. [PMID: 38630735 PMCID: PMC11023591 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the most appropriate method of functional assessment for "patellofemoral pain" (PFP)/"chondromalacia patella" for its diagnostic value, (validity, reliability, sensitivity, specificity, predictive value and clinical applicability); to outline initial interpretations of the questionnaires and their appropriateness, through the cut-off points determined in their scores based on physical test and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI); to establish which methods should be used in conjunction with each other to obtain clinical diagnoses that are robust effective and efficient. METHODS (1)Intra- and inter-observer reliability and of the relationship among PFP questionnaires/physical tests validated. (2)Predictive capacity of the questionnaires. Subject: 113 knees with PFP, assessed using "Knee-injury-and-Osteoarthritis Outcome-Score-for-Patellofemoral-pain-and-osteoarthritis" (KOOS-PF), "Kujala-Patellofemoral-Score" (KPS), "Victorian-Institute-of-Sports-Assessment-for-Patellar-tendons-questionnaire" (VISA-P), and the physical tests: "patellar-palpation", "patellar-tilt", "patellar-apprehension", "Clarke" and "squat". RESULTS Questionnaires correlations themselves was 0.78 CONCLUSIONS KOOS-PF, KPS and VISA-P demonstrated their diagnostic value in PFP/chondromalacia (validity, reliability, sensitivity, specificity, predictive value and clinical applicability). KOOS-PF was the most versatile, and the most appropriate in mild cases and for early detection and prevention. Squat was the best due to its reliability and clinical relationship with the questionnaires, which predicted it correctly. The functional assessment tools discussed should be applied by combining them with each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gema Chamorro-Moriana
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
- Research Group “Area of Physiotherapy CTS305”, Spain
| | - Fernando Espuny-Ruiz
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Carmen Ridao-Fernández
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
- Research Group “Area of Physiotherapy CTS305”, Spain
| | - Eleonora Magni
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
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Chamorro-Moriana G, Perez-Cabezas V, Benitez-Lugo M. Effectiveness of functional or biomechanical bandages with athletic taping and kinesiotaping in subjects with chronic ankle instability: a systematic review and meta-analysis. EFORT Open Rev 2024; 9:94-106. [PMID: 38308953 PMCID: PMC10873244 DOI: 10.1530/eor-23-0129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of the study was to analyze the effects of functional or biomechanical bandages, whether elastic or inelastic, in Chronic Ankle Instability (CAI). Methods This review used PubMed, WoS, SCOPUS, and CINAHL following PRISMA and registering in Prospero. Main PICOS: (1) CAI; (2) intervention, functional/biomechanical bandages; (3) comparison, taping effect versus placebo/no taping, or another functional taping; (4) outcomes, improvement of CAI functionality (dynamic/static balance, ankle kinematic, perception, agility and motor control, endurance and strength; (5) experimental and preexperimental studies. The meta-analyses considered mean and s.d. of the results per variable; effect size (ES) of each study and for each type of intervention. Homogeneity (Q), heterogeneity (H 2 and I 2), and 95% CI were calculated. Results In total, 28 studies were selected. Significant differences were found for dynamic balance (66.66%) and static balance (87.5%), ankle kinematics (75.00%), perceptions (88.88%), plantar flexor strength (100%), muscle activity (66.6%), endurance (100%), functional performance (100%), and gait (66.6%). The main results of meta-analyses (eight studies) are as follows - h/M ratio soleus, ES: 0.080, 95% CI: -5.219-5.379; h/M ratio peroneus, ES: 0.070, 95% CI: -6.151-6.291; posteromedial KT, ES: 0.042 95% CI: -0.514-0.598; posteromedial-overall, ES: -0.006 95% CI: -1.071-0.819; mSEBT-KT, ES: 0.057 95% CI: -0.281-0.395; mSEBT-overall, ES: -0.035 95% CI: -0.190-0.590. Conclusions All biomechanical or functional bandages, whether elastic or inelastic, applied in CAI were favorable, highlighting patient perception, dynamic and static balance, kinematics and agility and motor control, for its effectiveness and evidence. Thus, bandages increase ankle functionality. The meta-analyses found no statistical significance. Clinically, soleus muscle activity, h-reflex/M-responses using fibular reposition with rigid tape, and dynamic balance with combined kinesiotaping during the modified star excursion balance test and with the posteromedial direction found improvements. Level of evidence Level of evidence according to Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network: 1+. Level of evidence according to the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine 2011: 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gema Chamorro-Moriana
- Department of Physiotherapy, Research Group “Area of Physiotherapy CTS-305”, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Veronica Perez-Cabezas
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Research Group MOVEIT (eMpOwering health by physical actiVity, Exercise and nutrition) CTS-1038, University of Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Marisa Benitez-Lugo
- Department of Physiotherapy, Research Group “Area of Physiotherapy CTS-305”, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
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Benitez-Lugo ML, Vazquez-Marrufo M, Pinero-Pinto E, Chamorro-Moriana G, Perez-Cabezas V, Suarez-Serrano C. Analysis of Physical-Cognitive Tasks Including Feedback-Based Technology for Alzheimer's Disorder in a Randomized Experimental Pilot Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5484. [PMID: 37685549 PMCID: PMC10488299 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12175484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alzheimer's disease causes great changes, with the prefrontal cortex being the most frequently damaged zone; these changes affect physical and cognitive behavior and compromise autonomy. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of physical-cognitive tasks on memory, attention, balance, gait, and risk of falling in Alzheimer's by using feedback-based technology. METHODS Forty patients with Alzheimer's were recruited from an Alzheimer's Association; of these, 15 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the pilot RCT (eight in the control group; seven in the experimental group). ASSESSMENT TOOLS The Cognitive Mini-Examination Scale, Oddball Test and Attention Network, Berg Scale, Tinetti, Timed Up and Go, and Geriatric Deterioration Scale. The experimental group was treated with physical-cognitive tasks by using combined feedback-based technology (visual, acoustic, simultaneous, immediate, and terminal feedback, as well as knowledge of the results and performance) under the supervision of physiotherapists twice per week for 16 thirty-minute sessions. The control group underwent their usual care (pharmacological treatment, mobility exercises, and cognitive stimulation sessions). RESULT In the experimental group, the contrast tests showed differences for the re-test (except in attention), with the significative Timed Up and Go test being significant (p = 0.020). The interaction between groups showed significant differences for the experimental group according to the MEC (p = 0.029; d = 0.14) and Tinetti (p = 0.029; d = 0.68). DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION Memory, balance, gait, and risk of falling improved in the Alzheimer's patients through the use of physical-cognitive tasks involving combined feedback-based technology. The effects on attention were inconclusive. The outcomes should be treated with caution due to the sample. This can promote intergenerational bonds, use at home, and adherence to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Luisa Benitez-Lugo
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Nursery, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain; (M.-L.B.-L.); (C.S.-S.)
| | - Manuel Vazquez-Marrufo
- Department of Experimental Phycology, Faculty of Phycology, University of Seville, 41018 Seville, Spain
| | - Elena Pinero-Pinto
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Nursery, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain; (M.-L.B.-L.); (C.S.-S.)
| | - Gema Chamorro-Moriana
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Nursery, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain; (M.-L.B.-L.); (C.S.-S.)
| | - Veronica Perez-Cabezas
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Nursery and Physiotherapy, University of Cadiz, 11009 Cadiz, Spain;
| | - Carmen Suarez-Serrano
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Nursery, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain; (M.-L.B.-L.); (C.S.-S.)
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Benitez-Lugo ML, Suárez-Serrano C, Galvao-Carmona A, Vazquez-Marrufo M, Chamorro-Moriana G. Effectiveness of feedback-based technology on physical and cognitive abilities in the elderly. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:1050518. [PMID: 36438005 PMCID: PMC9686288 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1050518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging raises a social and health challenge because the passing of time causes changes in cognitive and physical functions that impair functionality and quality of life. In addition, advancements in technology and information technology have led to the development of new techniques for retraining based on the feedback technology provides. To solve the negative consequences of aging, a randomized clinical trial was carried out to assess the effectiveness of a protocol using feedback-based technology to improve physical and cognitive functions in older adults. For the purpose of this study, 200 patients were selected from a Social and Community Services Center in the province of Seville and only 46 of them became participants of the study (after applying the inclusion criteria). These patients were divided into two groups: control and experimental. Physical and cognitive abilities were assessed using the Miniexamen cognoscitivo Test (an adaptation of the MiniMental examination test), Yesevage's Depression Scale, Oddball Test, Attention Network Test, Berg Scale, Tinetti Scale, and Timed Up and Go Test. The intervention applied to the experimental group consisted of a supervised protocol using the Nintendo® Wii video game console and the Wii-Fit© video game during 16 sessions, 2 times a week with a duration of 30 min per session. The control group did not receive any treatment. The experimental group showed statistically significant improvements in all the physical variables (balance, gait, autonomy, and fall risk), as other authors had proven, and in memory and reaction times; there were no improvements in attention networks. The control group (placebo) even showed a decrease in their functions, with worse results on the Timed up and Go test Scale. The intervention using feedback-based technology has been proven effective in improving physical and cognitive abilities and in preventing and promoting healthy aging.
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Chamorro-Moriana G, Perez-Cabezas V, Espuny-Ruiz F, Torres-Enamorado D, Ridao-Fernández C. Assessing knee functionality: systematic review of validated outcome measures. Ann Phys Rehabil Med 2021; 65:101608. [PMID: 34808424 DOI: 10.1016/j.rehab.2021.101608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional rating scales allow clinicians to document and quantify alterations and progression of recovery processes. There is neither awareness of numerous knee scales nor are they easy to find or compare to select the most suitable. OBJECTIVES We aimed to compile validated knee functional rating tools and analyse the methodological quality of their validation studies. Also, we aimed to provide an operational document of the outcome measures addressing descriptions of parameters, implementations, instructions, interpretations and languages, to identify the most appropriate for future interventions. METHODS A systematic review involved a search of PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, Scopus, and Dialnet databases from inception through September 2020. The main inclusion criteria were available functional rating scales/questionnaires/indexes for knees and validation studies. Methodological quality was analyzed with the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2) and COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments Risk of Bias (COSMIN-RB). RESULTS We selected 73 studies. The studies investigated 41 knee rating tools (general, 46%, and specific, 54%) and 71 validations, including 29,742 individuals with knee disorders. QUADAS-2 obtained the best results in patient selection and index test (applicability section). COSMIN-RB showed the highest quality in construct validity (most analyzed metric property). The specific tools were mainly designed for prosthesis and patellofemoral and anterior cruciate ligament injuries. More considered issues were specific function (93%), especially gait, pain/sensitivity (81%), and physical activity/sports (56%). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS We conducted a necessary, useful, unlimited-by-time and feasible compilation of validated tools for assessing knee functional recovery. The methodological quality of the validations was limited. The best validations were for the Copenhagen Knee Range of Motion Scale in osteoarthritis and arthroplasties, Knee Outcome Survey Activities of Daily Living and Lysholm Knee Score for general knee disorders and the Tegner Activity Score for anterior cruciate ligament injuries. The operational document for the scales provides necessary data to identify the most appropriate.
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Gonzalez-Medina G, Perez-Cabezas V, Ruiz-Molinero C, Chamorro-Moriana G, Jimenez-Rejano JJ, Galán-Mercant A. Effectiveness of Global Postural Re-Education in Chronic Non-Specific Low Back Pain: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10225327. [PMID: 34830609 PMCID: PMC8624945 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10225327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the global postural re-education (GPR) program’s effectiveness compared to other exercise programs in subjects with persistent chronic low back pain. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were carried out using PRISMA2020. An electronic search of scientific databases was performed from their inception to January 2021. Randomized controlled trials that analyzed pain and patient-reported outcomes were included in this review. Four meta-analyses were performed. The outcomes analyzed were disability due to back pain and pain. The risk of bias and quality of evidence were evaluated. The final search was conducted in March. Results: Seven trials were included, totaling 334 patients. The results showed improvement in pain measured by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) (Standardised Mean Difference (SMD) = −0.69; 95% Confidence Interval (CI), −1.01 to −0.37; p < 0.0001), Numerical Pain Scale (NRS) (SMD = −0.40; 95% CI, −0.87 to 0.06); p = 0.022), VAS + NRS (SMD = −1.32; 95% CI, −1.87 to −0.77; p < 0.0001) and function (Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ)) (SMD = −0.55; 95% CI, −0.83 to −0.27; p < 0.0001) after GPR treatment. Conclusion: This meta-analysis provides reliable evidence that GPR may be an effective method for treating LBP by decreasing pain and improving function, with strong evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Gonzalez-Medina
- Department Nursing and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Cadiz, 11009 Cadiz, Spain; (G.G.-M.); (C.R.-M.); (A.G.-M.)
- Research Group: CTS-986 Physical Therapy and Health (FISA), Institute of Research in Social Sustainable Development (INDESS), 11009 Cadiz, Spain
| | - Veronica Perez-Cabezas
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA), Research Group: [CTS1038] eMpOwering Health by Physical Activity, Exercise and Nutrition (MOVEIT), Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, 11009 Cadiz, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-676-719-119
| | - Carmen Ruiz-Molinero
- Department Nursing and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Cadiz, 11009 Cadiz, Spain; (G.G.-M.); (C.R.-M.); (A.G.-M.)
- Research Group: CTS-986 Physical Therapy and Health (FISA), Institute of Research in Social Sustainable Development (INDESS), 11009 Cadiz, Spain
| | - Gema Chamorro-Moriana
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain; (G.C.-M.); (J.J.J.-R.)
- Research Group [CTS305] “Area of Physiotherapy CTS305”, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Jose Jesus Jimenez-Rejano
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain; (G.C.-M.); (J.J.J.-R.)
- Research Group [CTS305] “Area of Physiotherapy CTS305”, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Alejandro Galán-Mercant
- Department Nursing and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Cadiz, 11009 Cadiz, Spain; (G.G.-M.); (C.R.-M.); (A.G.-M.)
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA), Research Group: [CTS1038] eMpOwering Health by Physical Activity, Exercise and Nutrition (MOVEIT), Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, 11009 Cadiz, Spain
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Chamorro-Moriana G, Sevillano JL, Perez-Cabezas V. Versatile GCH Control Software for Correction of Loads Applied to Forearm Crutches During Gait Recovery Through Technological Feedback: Development and Implementation Study. J Med Internet Res 2021; 23:e27602. [PMID: 34550073 PMCID: PMC8495581 DOI: 10.2196/27602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Measuring weight bearing is an essential aspect of clinical care for lower limb injuries such as sprains or meniscopathy surgeries. This care often involves the use of forearm crutches for partial loads progressing to full loads. Therefore, feasible methods of load monitoring for daily clinical use are needed. Objective The main objective of this study was to design an innovative multifunctional desktop load-measuring software that complements GCH System 2.0–instrumented forearm crutches and monitors the applied loads, displaying real-time graphical and numerical information, and enabling the correction of inaccuracies through feedback technology during assisted gait. The secondary objective was to perform a preliminary implementation trial. Methods The software was designed for indoor use (clinics/laboratories). This software translates the crutch sensor signal in millivolts into force units, records and analyzes data (10-80 Hz), and provides real-time effective curves of the loads exerted on crutches. It covers numerous types of extrinsic feedback, including visual, acoustic (verbal/beeps), concurrent, terminal, and descriptive feedback, and includes a clinical and research use database. An observational descriptive pilot study was performed with 10 healthy subjects experienced in bilateral assisted gait. The Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank test was used to evaluate the load accuracy evolution of each subject (ie, changes in the loads exerted on crutches for each support) among various walks, which was interpreted at the 95% confidence level. Results GCH Control Software was developed as a multifunctional desktop tool complementing GCH System 2.0–instrumented forearm crutches. The pilot implementation of the feedback mechanism observed 96/100 load errors at baseline (walk 0, no feedback) with 7/10 subjects exhibiting crutch overloading. Errors ranged from 61.09% to 203.98%, demonstrating heterogeneity. The double-bar feedback found 54/100 errors in walk 1, 28/100 in walk 2, and 14/100 in walk 3. The first walk with double-bar feedback (walk 1) began with errors similar to the baseline walk, generally followed by attempts at correction. The Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank test used to evaluate each subject’s progress showed that all participants steadily improved the accuracy of the loads applied to the crutches. In particular, Subject 9 required extra feedback with two single-bar walks to focus on the total load. The participants also corrected the load balance between crutches and fluency errors. Three subjects made one error of load balance and one subject made six fluctuation errors during the three double-bar walks. The latter subject performed additional feedback with two balance-bar walks to focus on the load balance. Conclusions GCH Control Software proved to be useful for monitoring the loads exerted on forearm crutches, providing a variety of feedback for correcting load accuracy, load balance between crutches, and fluency. The findings of the complementary implementation were satisfactory, although clinical trials with larger samples are needed to assess the efficacy of the different feedback mechanisms and to select the best alternatives in each case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gema Chamorro-Moriana
- Department of Physiotherapy, Area of Physiotherapy Research Group CTS-305, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Sevillano
- Department of Architecture and Technology of Computers, Robotics and Technology of Computers Research Group TEP-108, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - V Perez-Cabezas
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Empowering Health by Physical Activity, Exercise and Nutrition Research Group CTS-1038, University of Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain
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Rodriguez Gonzalez P, Perez-Cabezas V, Chamorro-Moriana G, Ruiz Molinero C, Vazquez-Casares AM, Gonzalez-Medina G. Effectiveness of Oral Sensory-Motor Stimulation in Premature Infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) Systematic Review. Children (Basel) 2021; 8:children8090758. [PMID: 34572190 PMCID: PMC8465336 DOI: 10.3390/children8090758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify and to assess the best evidence currently available on the effectiveness of oral sensory-motor stimulation in preterm infants in the neonatal intensive care unit. We performed a systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) statements. The search was conducted using the Pubmed, Web of Science (WOS), PEDro and Scopus databases. Clinical trials were reviewed and PEDro rating scale was used to assess the methodological quality of these studies. Results: 1267 studies were found and 11 were relevant and included in this review. Improvements were obtained in achieving independent feeding, maturation of the sucking pattern, transition to full feeding, motor function and length of hospital stay in most studies. Conclusions: there is evidence to support the benefits of the use of oral sensorimotor stimulation to achieve independent oral feeding in preterm infants, thereby reducing their stay in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Veronica Perez-Cabezas
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Cadiz, Avda. Ana de Viya, 52, 11009 Cadiz, Spain; (C.R.M.); (G.G.-M.)
- Investigation Group, [CTS1038] eMpOwering Health by Physical Activity, Exercise and Nutrition, University of Cadiz, 11009 Cadiz, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-676-719-119
| | - Gema Chamorro-Moriana
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Seville, Avenzoar, 6, 41009 Seville, Spain;
| | - Carmen Ruiz Molinero
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Cadiz, Avda. Ana de Viya, 52, 11009 Cadiz, Spain; (C.R.M.); (G.G.-M.)
| | | | - Gloria Gonzalez-Medina
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Cadiz, Avda. Ana de Viya, 52, 11009 Cadiz, Spain; (C.R.M.); (G.G.-M.)
- Investigation Group CTS-986, Physical Therapy and Health (FISA), University Institute of Research in Social Sustainable Development (INDESS), University of Cadiz, 11009 Cadiz, Spain
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Aldon-Villegas R, Perez-Cabezas V, Chamorro-Moriana G. Efficacy of management of associated dysfunctions on rotator cuff and long head of the biceps: systematic review. J Orthop Surg Res 2021; 16:501. [PMID: 34399799 PMCID: PMC8365915 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-021-02621-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The important functional role the rotator cuff (RC) and biceps play in the shoulder, the close anatomical relationship between them and the high incidence of injuries require an appropriate multidisciplinary therapeutic approach after a rigorous assessment. The objective is to identify and analyze surgical interventions, whether or not followed by a postsurgical one, of associated dysfunctions on the RC and long head of the biceps (LHB) and their effectiveness in improving shoulder functionality. Methods A systematic review based on PRISMA protocol was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, PEDro, Scopus, CINAHL, and Dialnet until 22 April 2021. The main inclusion criteria were as follows: randomized clinical trials including subjects diagnosed with RC and LHB lesions who had surgical and/not post-surgical treatments. The methodological quality of trials was evaluated by the PEDro scale. Data were shown in 3 pre-established tables: (1)sample data, diagnostic methods, dysfunctions and injury frequency, interventions, outcome measures and results; (2)significance and effectiveness of interventions; and (3)comparison of the effectiveness of interventions. Results Eleven studies were selected. The methodological quality of ten of them was assessed as good and one excellent (PEDro scale). All articles had surgical treatments and ten had postoperative management. All trials used arthroscopy and two open surgery too. Single-row, double-row and transosseous repair were used for RC lesions, while SLAP repair, tenotomy, and tenodesis were applied to LHB injuries. Measured parameters were functionality, pain, Popeye’s sign, strength, range of motion, satisfaction degree, biceps cramping, and quality of life. All approaches in general, surgical plus postsurgical, were always effective to the parameters measured in each study. Seven trials compared tenotomy and tenodesis: four of them obtained statistically significant differences in favor of tenodesis in Popeye’s sign, cramping, satisfaction degree, and/or forearm supination strength; and one, in favor of tenotomy in cramping. All studies measured functionality using functional assessment scales. The most widely used was the Constant Score. Conclusions Surgical plus post-surgical interventions in associated dysfunctions on RC and LHB were effective. Tenodesis obtained better results than tenotomy in Popeye’s sign, satisfaction, and forearm supination strength. However, there was no difference regarding biceps cramping. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13018-021-02621-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio Aldon-Villegas
- Department of Physiotherapy, Research Group "Area of Physiotherapy" CTS-305, University of Seville, 41009, Seville, Spain
| | - Veronica Perez-Cabezas
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Research Group "Empowering Health by Physical Activity, Exercise and Nutrition" CTS-1038, University of Cadiz, 11009, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Gema Chamorro-Moriana
- Department of Physiotherapy, Research Group "Area of Physiotherapy" CTS-305, University of Seville, 41009, Seville, Spain.
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Rosado-Portillo A, Chamorro-Moriana G, Gonzalez-Medina G, Perez-Cabezas V. Acute Hamstring Injury Prevention Programs in Eleven-a-Side Football Players Based on Physical Exercises: Systematic Review. J Clin Med 2021; 10:2029. [PMID: 34065138 PMCID: PMC8125962 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10092029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Objective: To analyze the exercise programs used to prevent of acute hamstring injuries in eleven-a-side football players, and their effectiveness. (2) Methods: A systematic review (PRISMA) was conducted (2008-2020), including RCTs, that exclusively used physical exercises as a prevention method. (3) Results: Ten studies were selected considering 14 interventions, including nine different programs: FIFA11+ (11+), Harmoknee, eccentric Nordic Hamstring Exercise (NHE) exclusively, with eccentric exercises, with stretching or with proprioceptive, New Warm-up Program (NWP), Bounding Exercise Program (BEP), the only one with no positive results, and proprioceptive exercises. Incidence of injuries and strength were the most considered variables, both with favorable evidences. Programs including NHE, which assessed injury incidence, were always effective. The 11+ program was effective in injury incidence and strength; NWP was effective in balance, stability, and strength. (4) Conclusions: The exercise programs discussed were effective to prevent acute hamstring injuries in football players except BEP and partially Harmoknee. Exercises mostly used to reduce the risk of hamstring injuries are those of eccentric force due to its functionality, especially NHE. Only concentric contractions and isometric contractions obtained significant favorable results. The most complete and promising programs were 11+ (in injury incidence and strength) and NWP (strength, balance, and stability). NWP was the best in strength.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gema Chamorro-Moriana
- Head of Research Group “Area of Physiotherapy” CTS-305, Department of Physiotherapy, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Gloria Gonzalez-Medina
- Research Group “Physiotherapy and Health” CTS 986, Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Cadiz, 11009 Cadiz, Spain;
| | - Veronica Perez-Cabezas
- Research Group “Empowering Health by Physical Activity, Exercise and Nutrition” [CTS1038], Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Cadiz, 11009 Cadiz, Spain;
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Aldon-Villegas R, Ridao-Fernández C, Torres-Enamorado D, Chamorro-Moriana G. How to Assess Shoulder Functionality: A Systematic Review of Existing Validated Outcome Measures. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:845. [PMID: 34066777 PMCID: PMC8151204 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11050845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this review was to compile validated functional shoulder assessment tools and analyse the methodological quality of their validations. Secondarily, we aimed to provide a comparison of the tools, including parameter descriptions, indications/applications, languages and operating instructions, to choose the most suitable for future clinical and research approaches. A systematic review (PRISMA) was conducted using: PubMed, WoS Scopus, CINHAL, Dialnet and reference lists until 2020. The main criteria for inclusion were that papers were original studies of validated tools or validation studies. Pre-established tables showed tools, validations, items/components, etc. The QUADAS-2 and COSMIN-RB were used to assess the methodological quality of validations. Ultimately, 85 studies were selected, 32 tools and 111 validations. Risk of bias scored lower than applicability, and patient selection got the best scores (QUADAS-2). Internal consistency had the highest quality and PROMs development the lowest (COSMIN-RB). Responsiveness was the most analysed metric property. Modified UCLA and SST obtained the highest quality in shoulder instability surgery, and SPADI in pain. The most approached topic was activities of daily living (81%). We compiled 32 validated functional shoulder assessment tools, and conducted an analysis of the methodological quality of 111 validations associated with them. Modified UCLA and SST showed the highest methodological quality in instability surgery and SPADI in pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio Aldon-Villegas
- Research Group “Area of Physiotherapy” CTS-305, Department of Physiotherapy, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain; (R.A.-V.); (G.C.-M.)
| | - Carmen Ridao-Fernández
- Research Group “Area of Physiotherapy” CTS-305, Department of Physiotherapy, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain; (R.A.-V.); (G.C.-M.)
| | - Dolores Torres-Enamorado
- Research Group “Women, Well-Being and Citizenship” SEJ066, Department of Nursing, University of Seville, 41930 Bormujos, Spain;
| | - Gema Chamorro-Moriana
- Research Group “Area of Physiotherapy” CTS-305, Department of Physiotherapy, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain; (R.A.-V.); (G.C.-M.)
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Dominguez-Romero JG, Jiménez-Rejano JJ, Ridao-Fernández C, Chamorro-Moriana G. Exercise-Based Muscle Development Programmes and Their Effectiveness in the Functional Recovery of Rotator Cuff Tendinopathy: A Systematic Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:529. [PMID: 33809604 PMCID: PMC8002167 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11030529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Rotator cuff (RC) tendinopathy causes pain and functional limitation of the shoulder. Physical exercises are effective therapies but there is no consensus on which exercise programme is the most appropriate. Objective: To analyze and compare the effectiveness of different intervention modalities-based exclusively on physical exercise muscle-development programs to improve shoulder pain and function in RC tendinopathy. (2) Methods: Systematic review (PRISMA) through a search in PubMed, WOS, PEDro, Cinahl, Scopus and Dialnet. The PEDro Scale and the Cochrane Risk of Bias analyzed the methodological quality. A pre-established table collected data on: patients, interventions, outcome measures and results. A narrative synthesis of the results was conducted. (3) Results: eight articles were selected (Cochrane: low risk of bias; PEDro: good quality). All assessed programs were effective. Only one study found statistically and clinically significant differences in favour of eccentric training. The exercises used were: eccentric/concentric/conventional, open/closed kinetic chain, with/without co-activation of glenohumeral muscle, with/without pain, and in clinic/at home. (4) Conclusions: All exercise programs were effective in RC tendinopathy, improving pain and shoulder function. No solid results were obtained when the interventions were compared due to their heterogeneity. Patients perception assessment tools were the most widely used. Amount of load applied should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gema Chamorro-Moriana
- Research Group “Area of Physiotherapy” CTS-305, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain; (J.G.D.-R.); (J.J.J.-R.); (C.R.-F.)
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Ridao-Fernández C, Ojeda J, Chamorro-Moriana G. Analysis of Spatial and Temporal Step Parameters During Crutch-Assisted Gait as a Dual-Task: A Pilot Study. J Biomech Eng 2018; 140:2679582. [PMID: 30029235 DOI: 10.1115/1.4040020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The main objective was to analyze the changes in the spatial and temporal step parameters during a dual-task: walking with a forearm crutch to partially unload the body weight of the subject. The secondary objective was to determine the influence of the use of the crutch with the dominant or nondominant hand in the essential gait parameters. Seven healthy subjects performed gait without crutches (GWC) and unilateral assisted gait (UAG) with the crutch carried out by dominant hand (dominant crutch (DC)) and nondominant hand (nondominant crutch (NDC)). Gait was recorded using a Vicon System; the GCH System 2.0 and the GCH Control Software 1.0 controlled the loads. The variables were step length, step period, velocity, step width, and step angle. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test compared GWC and UAG while also analyzing the parameters measured for both legs with DC and NDC in general and in each subject. Wilcoxon test only found significant differences in 1 of the 15 general comparisons between both legs. In the analysis by subject, step length, step period, and velocity showed significant differences between GWC and UAG. These parameters obtained less differences in DC. The effect of a forearm crutch on UAG caused a reduction in step length and velocity, and an increase in step period. However, it did not entail changes in step angle and step width. UAG was more effective when the DC carried the crutch. The unloading of 10% body weight produced an assisted gait which closely matched GWC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Ridao-Fernández
- Department of Physiotherapy, Research Group "Area of Physiotherapy CTS-305," University of Seville, Seville 41009, Spain e-mail:
| | - Joaquín Ojeda
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Manufacture, Research Group "Mechanical Engineering," University of Seville, Seville 41092, Spain e-mail:
| | - Gema Chamorro-Moriana
- Department of Physiotherapy, Research Group "Area of Physiotherapy CTS-305," University of Seville, Seville 41009, Spain e-mail:
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Ridao-Fernández C, Chamorro-Moriana G, Ojeda J. Influence of the load exerted over a forearm crutch in spatiotemporal step parameters during assisted gait: pilot study. Biomed Eng Online 2018; 17:98. [PMID: 30021612 PMCID: PMC6052579 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-018-0527-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Assisted gait with forearm crutches is frequently performed during the recovery of musculoskeletal injuries of the lower limb. The amount of body weight applied to the crutch or crutches depends on the pathology and the treatment phase. The transition from assisted gait with two crutches to a single crutch is usually recommended when the subject is able to load the 50% of the body weight upon the affected member. An altered assisted gait will cause biomechanic alterations and, therefore, longer treatments and relapses. The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of 10, 25 and 50% of body weight applied to a forearm crutch during a unilateral assisted gait in the spatial and temporal step parameters to determine the load that produces alterations in gait biomechanics and the load that does not. METHODS Eleven healthy subjects performed normal gait (NG) and assisted gait with a forearm crutch, in which the applied loads were: comfortable (C), 25 and 50% of their body weight. Vicon System was employed for gait recording. GCH System 2.0 and GCH Control Software 1.0 controlled the loads. The variables were: step length, step period, velocity, step width and step angle. Friedman test compared all the gait modalities: NG and the different loads. Wilcoxon signed-rank test analyzed ipsilateral and contralateral step parameters to the crutch globally and for each subject. RESULTS Friedman test showed significant differences between NG, C, 25 and 50%, especially for step period and velocity. Wilcoxon test had significant differences only in 4 of the 20 general comparisons between ipsilateral and contralateral steps to the crutch. In the analysis by subjects, step length, step period and velocity showed 79/132, 110/132 and 58/66 significant differences, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The increase in the load exerted over a forearm crutch produced an increase in the step period, accompanied by a reduction of step length and gait velocity. Step width and step angle were not modified. The unloading of 25 and 50% of body weight on a single crutch is incorrect from the biomechanical point of view. Two crutches should be employed when the body weight to unload exceeds 10%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Ridao-Fernández
- Department of Physiotherapy, Research Group “Area of Physiotherapy CTS-305”, University of Seville, C/Avicena s/n, C.P. 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Gema Chamorro-Moriana
- Department of Physiotherapy, Research Group “Area of Physiotherapy CTS-305”, University of Seville, C/Avicena s/n, C.P. 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Joaquín Ojeda
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Manufacture, Research Group “Mechanical Engineering”, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
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Chamorro-Moriana G, Sevillano JL, Ridao-Fernández C. A Compact Forearm Crutch Based on Force Sensors for Aided Gait: Reliability and Validity. Sensors (Basel) 2016; 16:s16060925. [PMID: 27338396 PMCID: PMC4934350 DOI: 10.3390/s16060925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Frequently, patients who suffer injuries in some lower member require forearm crutches in order to partially unload weight-bearing. These lesions cause pain in lower limb unloading and their progression should be controlled objectively to avoid significant errors in accuracy and, consequently, complications and after effects in lesions. The design of a new and feasible tool that allows us to control and improve the accuracy of loads exerted on crutches during aided gait is necessary, so as to unburden the lower limbs. In this paper, we describe such a system based on a force sensor, which we have named the GCH System 2.0. Furthermore, we determine the validity and reliability of measurements obtained using this tool via a comparison with the validated AMTI (Advanced Mechanical Technology, Inc., Watertown, MA, USA) OR6-7-2000 Platform. An intra-class correlation coefficient demonstrated excellent agreement between the AMTI Platform and the GCH System. A regression line to determine the predictive ability of the GCH system towards the AMTI Platform was found, which obtained a precision of 99.3%. A detailed statistical analysis is presented for all the measurements and also segregated for several requested loads on the crutches (10%, 25% and 50% of body weight). Our results show that our system, designed for assessing loads exerted by patients on forearm crutches during assisted gait, provides valid and reliable measurements of loads.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José Luis Sevillano
- Department of Computer Technology and Architecture, University of Seville, Sevilla 41012, Spain.
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Chamorro-Moriana G, Ridao-Fernández C, Ojeda J, Benítez-Lugo M, Sevillano JL. Reliability and Validity Study of the Chamorro Assisted Gait Scale for People with Sprained Ankles, Walking with Forearm Crutches. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155225. [PMID: 27168236 PMCID: PMC4864073 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to design and validate a functional assessment scale for assisted gait with forearm crutches (Chamorro Assisted Gait Scale—CHAGS) and to assess its reliability in people with sprained ankles. Design Thirty subjects who suffered from sprained ankle (anterior talofibular ligament first and second degree) were included in the study. A modified Delphi technique was used to obtain the content validity. The selected items were: pelvic and scapular girdle dissociation(1), deviation of Center of Gravity(2), crutch inclination(3), steps rhythm(4), symmetry of step length(5), cross support(6), simultaneous support of foot and crutch(7), forearm off(8), facing forward(9) and fluency(10). Two raters twice visualized the gait of the sample subjects which were recorded. The criterion-related validity was determined by correlation between CHAGS and Coding of eight criteria of qualitative gait analysis (Viel Coding). Internal consistency and inter and intra-rater reliability were also tested. Results CHAGS obtained a high and negative correlation with Viel Coding. We obtained a good internal consistency and the intra-class correlation coefficients oscillated between 0.97 and 0.99, while the minimal detectable changes were acceptable. Conclusion CHAGS scale is a valid and reliable tool for assessing assisted gait with crutches in people with sprained ankles to perform partial relief of lower limbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gema Chamorro-Moriana
- Department of Physiotherapy, Research Group “Area of Physiotherapy CTS-305,” University of Seville, Seville, Spain
- * E-mail: (GC)
| | - Carmen Ridao-Fernández
- Department of Physiotherapy, Research Group “Area of Physiotherapy CTS-305,” University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Joaquín Ojeda
- Department of Mechanics and Manufacture, Research Group “Mechanical Engineering,” University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Marisa Benítez-Lugo
- Department of Physiotherapy, Research Group “Area of Physiotherapy CTS-305,” University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - José Luis Sevillano
- Department of Architecture and Technology of Computers, Research Group “Robotics and Technology of Computers,” University of Seville, Seville, Spain
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Redondo-Alonso L, Chamorro-Moriana G, Jiménez-Rejano JJ, López-Tarrida P, Ridao-Fernández C. Relationship between chronic pathologies of the supraspinatus tendon and the long head of the biceps tendon: systematic review. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2014; 15:377. [PMID: 25408141 PMCID: PMC4247626 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-15-377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic supraspinatus tendinopathy is a common clinical problem that causes functional and labor disabilities in the population. It is the most frequent cause of shoulder pain. This pathology may be frequently associated to the affectation of the long head of biceps tendon (LHBT), the main stabilizer of the glenohumeral joint together with the supraspinatus. The main aim of this work is to study the prevalence of lesions in LHBT associated to the chronic pathology of the supraspinatus tendon. METHODS A systematic review was carried out between May to July 2013 in the electronic databases: CINAHL, WOK, Medline, Scopus, PEDro, IME (CSIC) and Dialnet. The keywords used were: 1) in English: chronic, supraspinatus "long head of the biceps tendon", biceps, rotator cuff, tendinosis, tendinopathy, evaluation, examination; 2) in Spanish: supraespinoso, biceps, tendinopatía. Inclusion criteria of the articles included subjects with a previously diagnosed chronic pathology of rotator cuff (RC) without previous surgery or any other pathologies of the shoulder complex. The total number of articles included in the study were five. RESULTS The results show an epidemiological relationship between both tendons. The age of the subjects included in the review was between 35 and 80 years, and some of the studies seem to indicate that the tendinopathy is more frequent in men than in women. The sample size of the studies varies according to the design, the highest being composed of 229 subjects, and the minimum of 28. Not all the articles selected specify the diagnostic testing, though the ones most normally used are arthroscopy, ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging and assessment tests. The percentage of associated lesions of LHBT and supraspinatus tendon is between 78.5% and 22%, with a major prevalence in the studies with a smaller sample. CONCLUSIONS The review of literature corroborates an association between the chronic pathology of the supraspinatus tendon and LHBT due to the epidemiological data. In addition, some authors confirm the existence of an anatomical and functional relationship between LHBT and the supraspinatus tendon, the latter being part of the LHBT pulley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Redondo-Alonso
- Research group "Area of Physiotherapy CTS-305", Department of Physiotherapy, University of Seville, C/ Rotonda de Santa Eufemia, n 35, Tomares, Seville, Spain.
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