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Margenot AJ, Zhou S, McDowell R, Hebert T, Fox G, Schilling K, Richmond S, Kovar JL, Wickramarathne N, Lemke D, Boomer K, Golovay S. Streambank erosion and phosphorus loading to surface waters: Knowns, unknowns, and implications for nutrient loss reduction research and policy. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2023; 52:1063-1079. [PMID: 37725393 DOI: 10.1002/jeq2.20514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
To monitor and meet water quality objectives, it is necessary to understand and quantify the contribution of nonpoint sources to total phosphorus (P) loading to surface waters. However, the contribution of streambank erosion to surface water P loads remains unclear and is typically unaccounted for in many nutrient loading assessments and policies. As a result, agricultural contributions of P are overestimated, and a potentially manageable nonpoint source of P is missed in strategies to reduce loads. In this perspective, we review and synthesize the results of a special symposium at the 2022 ASA-CSSA-SSSA annual meeting in Baltimore, MD, that focused on streambank erosion and its contributions to P loading of surface waters. Based on discussions among researchers and policy experts, we overview the knowns and unknowns, propose next steps to understand streambank erosion contribution to P export budgets, and discuss implications of the science of streambank erosion for policy and nutrient loss reduction strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Margenot
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Institute for Sustainability, Energy and Environment, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Shengnan Zhou
- Institute for Sustainability, Energy and Environment, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Richard McDowell
- Department of Soil & Physical Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Thomas Hebert
- Agricultural Nutrient Policy Council, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Garey Fox
- Biological & Agricultural Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Keith Schilling
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | | | - John L Kovar
- USDA ARS National Laboratory for Agriculture and the Environment, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Niranga Wickramarathne
- Institute for Sustainability, Energy and Environment, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Dean Lemke
- Lemke Engineering and Environmental Services, Dows, Iowa, USA
| | - Kathy Boomer
- Foundation for Food & Agriculture Research, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Shani Golovay
- Illinois Nutrient Research and Education Council, Springfield, Illinois, USA
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Ma B, Dong F, Peng W, Liu X, Huang A, Zhang X, Liu J. Evaluation of impact of spur dike designs on enhancement of aquatic habitats in urban streams using 2D habitat numerical simulations. Glob Ecol Conserv 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Griffith MB, McManus MG. Consideration of spatial and temporal scales in stream restorations and biotic monitoring to assess restoration outcomes: A literature review, Part 2. RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS 2020; 36:1398-1415. [PMID: 33363446 PMCID: PMC7754979 DOI: 10.1002/rra.3694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Stream and river restoration practices have become common in many parts of the world. To answer the question whether such restoration measures improve freshwater biotic assemblages or functions over time, and if not, can general reasons be identified for such outcomes, we conducted a literature survey and review of studies in which different types of stream restorations were conducted and outcomes assessed. In the first paper, we reviewed studies of culvert restorations, acid mine drainage or industrial pollution restoration; and urban stream restoration projects. Here, we review studies of restoration via dam removal, changes in dam operation or fish passage structures; instream habitat modification; riparian restoration or woody material addition; channel restoration and multiple restoration measures and develop some general conclusions from these reviews. Biomonitoring in different studies detected improvements for some restoration measures; other studies found minimal or no statistically significant increases in biotic assemblage richness, abundances or functions. In some cases, untreated stressors may have influenced the outcomes of the restoration, but in many cases, there were mismatches in the temporal or spatial scale of the restoration measure undertaken and associated monitoring. For example, either biomonitoring to measure restoration effects was conducted over a too short a time period after restoration for effects to be observed, or the sources and stressors needing remediation occurred at a larger catchment scale than the restoration. Also, many restoration measures lack observations from unimpaired reference sites for use in predicting how much of a beneficial effect might be expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B. Griffith
- U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research
and Development, National Center for Environmental Assessment, Cincinnati,
Ohio
- Current affiliation: U. S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Measurement and
Modeling, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Michael G. McManus
- U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research
and Development, National Center for Environmental Assessment, Cincinnati,
Ohio
- Current affiliation: U. S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Measurement and
Modeling, Cincinnati, Ohio
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4
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Roughness Effect of Submerged Groyne Fields with Varying Length, Groyne Distance, and Groyne Types. WATER 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/w11061253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Design guidelines were developed for a number of in-stream structures; however, the knowledge about their morphological and hydraulic function is still incomplete. A variant is submerged groynes, which aim to be applicable for bank protection especially in areas with restricted flood water levels due to their shallow height. Laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the backwater effect and the flow resistance of submerged groyne fields with varying and constant field length and groyne distance. The effect of the shape of a groyne model was investigated using two types of groynes. The validity of different flow types, from “isolated roughness” to “quasi smooth”, was analyzed in relation to the roughness density of the groyne fields. The results show a higher backwater effect for simplified groynes made of multiplex plates, compared to groynes made of gravel. The relative increase of the upstream water level was lower at high initial water levels, for short length of the groyne field, and for larger distance between the single groynes. The highest roughness of the groyne fields was found at roughness densities, which indicated wake interference flow. Considering a mobile bed, the flow resistance was reduced significantly.
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Colm J, Mandrak N, Tufts B. Local habitat features explain the distribution of the imperiled grass pickerel ( Esox americanus vermiculatus). CAN J ZOOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2018-0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We investigated patterns of grass pickerel (Esox americanus vermiculatus Lesueur, 1846) distribution in three watersheds in Ontario, Canada, using site- and reach-scale habitat variables and fish community assemblage data to determine why this species occurs sporadically throughout watersheds despite abundant seemingly suitable, but unoccupied, habitat. Habitat and fish community data were collected using conventional field sampling methods, and reach-scale habitat data were compiled with the aid of a geographic information system. We found that occupied sites had lower baseflow indices and reach slopes but higher conductivity and agricultural land uses than unoccupied sites. More grass pickerel were detected when conductivity, channel cover, and wetlands in the floodplain were highest and bank slopes lowest; this is consistent with habitat preferences described elsewhere in its range. Habitat features at the site scale appeared more important than reach-scale features suggesting that grass pickerel may be using small habitat patches. This study identifies habitat elements important to grass pickerel and offers insights into management implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.E. Colm
- Department of Biology, Queen’s University, 116 Barrie Street, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - N.E. Mandrak
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - B.L. Tufts
- Department of Biology, Queen’s University, 116 Barrie Street, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
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Xie L, Zhu Y, Li Y, Su TC. Experimental study on bed pressure around geotextile mattress with sloping plate. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211312. [PMID: 30682145 PMCID: PMC6347254 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A geotextile mattress with sloping curtain is a newly proposed countermeasure against river and estuarine scour. In previous laboratory experiments, a geotextile mattress with sloping curtain was capable of protecting the bed downstream from scour and stimulating sediment deposition on both sides. However, the seepage scour under its geotextile mattress is inadequately researched at present. In this study, the Geotextile Mattress with Sloping Plate (GMSP) is proposed based on the simplification of the geotextile mattress with sloping curtain with the construction feasibility considered. A series of experiments was conducted to investigate the pressure distribution around the GMSP and the averaged seepage hydraulic gradient beneath its mattress. The results indicate remarkable pressure difference on two sides of the GMSP. The minimum bed pressure appears about 1.3 times the plate height downstream to the GMSP. The averaged seepage hydraulic gradient beneath the mattress increases with the sloping angle increasing from 35° to 60° in general. The averaged hydraulic gradient also ascends as the relative plate height increases, but reduces as the opening ratio increases at opening ratios greater than 0.143. The safety boundary for the averaged hydraulic gradient under the geotextile mattress of the GMSP could get much smaller than the critical hydraulic gradient of piping and can easily be overwhelmed. This phenomenon can mainly be attributed to the discontinuous contact between the mattress and the seabed. A suggestion for the parametric design of the GMSP is to extend the width of the mattress to reduce the risk of seepage failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liquan Xie
- College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Yehui Zhu
- College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - YanHong Li
- School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tsung-Chow Su
- Department of Ocean and Mechanical Engineering, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, United States of America
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Nuttle T, Logan MN, Parise DJ, Foltz DA, Silvis JM, Haibach MR. Restoration of macroinvertebrates, fish, and habitats in streams following mining subsidence: replicated analysis across 18 mitigation sites. Restor Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.12502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Nuttle
- Ecological Services Practice; Civil & Environmental Consultants, Inc; 333 Baldwin Road Pittsburgh PA 15205 U.S.A
| | - Marisa N. Logan
- Ecological Services Practice; Civil & Environmental Consultants, Inc; 333 Baldwin Road Pittsburgh PA 15205 U.S.A
| | - David J. Parise
- Ecological Services Practice; Civil & Environmental Consultants, Inc; 333 Baldwin Road Pittsburgh PA 15205 U.S.A
| | - David A. Foltz
- Ecological Services Practice; Civil & Environmental Consultants, Inc; 333 Baldwin Road Pittsburgh PA 15205 U.S.A
| | - Joshua M. Silvis
- PA Operations Engineering, CONSOL Pennsylvania Coal Company LLC.; 1000 Consol Energy Drive Canonsburg PA 15317 U.S.A
| | - Mark R. Haibach
- Ecological Services Practice; Civil & Environmental Consultants, Inc; 333 Baldwin Road Pittsburgh PA 15205 U.S.A
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Navigation disturbance and its impact on fish assemblage in the East Tiaoxi River, China. LANDSCAPE AND ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11355-011-0181-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Shields FD, Knight SS, Cooper CM. Can warmwater streams be rehabilitated using watershed-scale standard erosion control measures alone? ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2007; 40:62-79. [PMID: 17464528 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-006-0191-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2006] [Accepted: 11/11/2006] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Degradation of warmwater streams in agricultural landscapes is a pervasive problem, and reports of restoration effectiveness based on monitoring data are rare. Described is the outcome of rehabilitation of two deeply incised, unstable sand-and-gravel-bed streams. Channel networks of both watersheds were treated using standard erosion control measures, and aquatic habitats within 1-km-long reaches of each stream were further treated by addition of instream structures and planting woody vegetation on banks ("habitat rehabilitation"). Fish and their habitats were sampled semiannually during 1-2 years before rehabilitation, 3-4 years after rehabilitation, and 10-11 years after rehabilitation. Reaches with only erosion control measures located upstream from the habitat measure reaches and in similar streams in adjacent watersheds were sampled concurrently. Sediment concentrations declined steeply throughout both watersheds, with means > or = 40% lower during the post-rehabilitation period than before. Physical effects of habitat rehabilitation were persistent through time, with pool habitat availability much higher in rehabilitated reaches than elsewhere. Fish community structure responded with major shifts in relative species abundance: as pool habitats increased after rehabilitation, small-bodied generalists and opportunists declined as certain piscivores and larger-bodied species such as centrarchids and catostomids increased. Reaches without habitat rehabilitation were significantly shallower, and fish populations there were similar to the rehabilitated reaches prior to treatment. These findings are applicable to incised, warmwater streams draining agricultural watersheds similar to those we studied. Rehabilitation of warmwater stream ecosystems is possible with current knowledge, but a major shift in stream corridor management strategies will be needed to reverse ongoing degradation trends. Apparently, conventional channel erosion controls without instream habitat measures are ineffective tools for ecosystem restoration in incised, warmwater streams of the Southeastern U.S., even if applied at the watershed scale and accompanied by significant reductions in suspended sediment concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Douglas Shields
- Water Quality and Ecology Research Unit, National Sedimentation Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service, P.O. Box 1157, Oxford, MS 38655-1157, USA.
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