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Radoszkiewicz K, Hribljan V, Isakovic J, Mitrecic D, Sarnowska A. Critical points for optimizing long-term culture and neural differentiation capacity of rodent and human neural stem cells to facilitate translation into clinical settings. Exp Neurol 2023; 363:114353. [PMID: 36841464 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Despite several decades of research on the nature and functional properties of neural stem cells, which brought great advances in regenerative medicine, there is still a plethora of ambiguous protocols and interpretations linked to their applications. Here, we present a whole spectrum of protocol elements that should be standardized in order to obtain viable cell cultures and facilitate their translation into clinical settings. Additionally, this review also presents outstanding limitations and possible problems to be encountered when dealing with protocol optimization. Most importantly, we also outline the critical points that should be considered before starting any experiments utilizing neural stem cells or interpreting their results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Radoszkiewicz
- Translational Platform for Regenerative Medicine, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5 Street, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Valentina Hribljan
- Laboratory for Stem Cells, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Šalata 12, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jasmina Isakovic
- Omnion Research International Ltd, Heinzelova 4, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dinko Mitrecic
- Laboratory for Stem Cells, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Šalata 12, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anna Sarnowska
- Translational Platform for Regenerative Medicine, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5 Street, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
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Subburayan K, Thayyullathil F, Pallichankandy S, Cheratta AR, Galadari S. Superoxide-mediated ferroptosis in human cancer cells induced by sodium selenite. Transl Oncol 2020; 13:100843. [PMID: 32805675 PMCID: PMC7453065 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.100843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a novel form of programmed cell death characterized by an iron-dependent increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the role of ROS in the regulation of ferroptosis remains elusive. In this study, for the first time, we demonstrate that sodium selenite (SS), a well-established redox-active selenium compound, is a novel inducer of ferroptosis in a variety of human cancer cells. Potent ferroptosis inhibitors, such as ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) and deferoxamine (DFO), rescue cells from SS-induced ferroptosis. Furthermore, SS down-regulates ferroptosis regulators; solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11), glutathione (GSH), and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4), while it up-regulates iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation (LPO). These SS-induced ferroptotic responses are achieved via ROS, in particular superoxide (O2•−) generation. Antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Tiron not only scavenged O2•− production, but also markedly rescued SLC7A11 down-regulation, GSH depletion, GPx4 inactivation, iron accumulation, LPO, and ferroptosis. Moreover, iron chelator DFO significantly reduces the O2•− production, indicating a positive feedback regulation between O2•− production and iron accumulation. Taken together, we have identified SS as a novel ferroptosis inducing agent in various human cancer models. Sodium selenite selectively induces ferroptosis in multiple human cancer cells. Sodium selenite inhibits system Xc− function and altered GSH homeostasis. Superoxide is the ROS molecule responsible for the sodium selenite-induced ferroptosis. Sodium selenite induces iron accumulation via superoxide dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthikeyan Subburayan
- Cell Death Signaling Laboratory, Division of Science (Biology), Experimental Research Building, New York University Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188, Saadiyat Island Campus, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Faisal Thayyullathil
- Cell Death Signaling Laboratory, Division of Science (Biology), Experimental Research Building, New York University Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188, Saadiyat Island Campus, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Siraj Pallichankandy
- Cell Death Signaling Laboratory, Division of Science (Biology), Experimental Research Building, New York University Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188, Saadiyat Island Campus, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Anees Rahman Cheratta
- Cell Death Signaling Laboratory, Division of Science (Biology), Experimental Research Building, New York University Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188, Saadiyat Island Campus, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Sehamuddin Galadari
- Cell Death Signaling Laboratory, Division of Science (Biology), Experimental Research Building, New York University Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188, Saadiyat Island Campus, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
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Gheorghiu ML, Badiu C. Selenium involvement in mitochondrial function in thyroid disorders. Hormones (Athens) 2020; 19:25-30. [PMID: 31960358 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-020-00173-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Selenium (Se), an important oligoelement, is a component of the antioxidant system. Over the last decade, it has been ever more frequently discussed in the context of thyroid disorders. Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis, differentiated thyroid cancer, and even endemic goiter may have common triggers that are activated by excess reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are involved in various stages of the pathogenesis of thyroid disorders. Most oxidative events occur in mitochondria, organelles that contain enzymes with Se as a cofactor. Mitochondria are responsible for the production of ATP in the cell and are also a major site of ROS production. Thyroid hormone status (the thyroid being the organ with the highest concentration of Se in the body) has a profound impact on mitochondria biogenesis. In this review, we focus on the role of Se in mitochondrial function in thyroid disorders with impaired oxidative stress, since both thyroid hormone synthesis and thyroid dysfunction involve ROS. The role of Se deficiency or its excess in relation to mitochondrial dysfunction in the context of thyroid disorders is therefore of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Livia Gheorghiu
- Department of Endocrinology, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Endemic Goiter and Its Complications, "C.I. Parhon" National Institute of Endocrinology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Corin Badiu
- Department of Endocrinology, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.
- Department of Thyroid Related Disorders, "C.I. Parhon" National Institute of Endocrinology, Bucharest, Romania.
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Lipinski B. Redox-Active Selenium in Health and Disease: A Conceptual Review. Mini Rev Med Chem 2019; 19:720-726. [PMID: 27823560 DOI: 10.2174/1389557517666161104125022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Although it is generally accepted that selenium (Se) is important for life, it is not well known which forms of organic and/or inorganic Se compound are the most biologically active. In nature Se exists mostly in two forms, namely as selenite with fourvalent and selenate with sixvalent cations, from which all other inorganic and organic species are derived. Despite a small difference in their electronic structure, these two inorganic parent compounds differ significantly in their redox properties. Hence, only selenite can act as an oxidant, particularly in the reaction with free and/or protein- bound sulhydryl (SH) groups. For example, selenite was shown to inhibit the hydroxyl radicalinduced reduction and scrambled reoxidation of disulfides in human fibrinogen thus preventing the formation of highly hydrophobic polymer, termed parafibrin. Such a polymer, when deposited within peripheral and/or cerebral circulation, may cause irreversible damage resulting in the development of cardiovascular, neurological and other degenerative diseases. In addition, parafibrin deposited around tumor cells produces a protease-resistant coat protecting them against immune recognition and elimination. On the other hand, parafibrin generated by Ebola's protein disulfide isomerase can form a hydrophobic 'spike' that facilitates virus attachment and entry to the host cell. In view of these specific properties of selenite this compound is a potential candidate as an inexpensive and readily available food supplement in the prevention and/or treatment of cardiovascular, neoplastic, neurological and infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boguslaw Lipinski
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States
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Collery P. Strategies for the development of selenium-based anticancer drugs. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2018; 50:498-507. [PMID: 29548612 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2018.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Many experimental models demonstrated that inorganic and organic selenium (Se) compounds may have an anticancer activity. However, large clinical studies failed to demonstrate that Se supplementations may prevent the outcome of cancers. Moreover, there are few randomized trials in cancer patients and there is not yet any Se compound recognized as anticancer drug. There is still a need to develop new Se compounds with new strategies. For that, it may be necessary to consider that Se compounds may have a dual role, either as anti-oxidant or as pro-oxidant. Experimental studies demonstrated that it is as pro-oxidant that Se compounds have anticancer effects, even though cancer cells have a pro-oxidant status. The oxidative status differs according to the type of cancer, the stage of the disease and to other parameters. We propose to adapt the doses of the Se compounds to markers of the oxidative stress, but also to markers of angiogenesis, which is strongly related with the oxidative status. A dual role of Se on angiogenesis has also been noted, either as pro-angiogenesis or as anti-angiogenesis. The objective for the development of new Se compounds, having a great selectivity on cancer cells, could be to try to normalize these oxidative and angiogenic markers in cancer patients, with an individual adaptation of doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Collery
- Society for the Coordination of Therapeutic Researches, 20220 Algajola, France.
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Sodium selenite attenuates lung adenocarcinoma progression by repressing SOX2-mediated stemness. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2018; 81:885-895. [PMID: 29546459 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-018-3561-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sodium selenite (SS) has been widely reported to induce apoptosis in various cancer cell types. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms governing SS-mediated repression of lung cancer stem cells remain largely undefined. METHODS In vitro assays of cell proliferation, clonal formation, apoptosis, migration and cancer stemness cell sphere formation were performed to examine the inhibitory effects of SS on lung adenocarcinoma (LAD) cells with or without the overexpression of SRY-related high-mobility-group box 2 (SOX2). RESULTS SS significantly inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis in LAD cells in a dose-dependent manner with marginal effects on normal epithelial cell HBEC. SS dramatically repressed expression of SOX2 and its upstream regulator GLI1 and strongly decreased stemness sphere formation in LAD cells at 10 µM. Forced expression of SOX2 significantly buffered anti-cancer effects of SS. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that SS attenuates lung adenocarcinoma progression by repressing SOX2 and its upstream regulator GLI1, which suggests that SS may be a potential therapeutic drug candidate for lung cancer patients.
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Díaz M, González R, Plano D, Palop JA, Sanmartín C, Encío I. A diphenyldiselenide derivative induces autophagy via JNK in HTB-54 lung cancer cells. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 22:289-301. [PMID: 28922542 PMCID: PMC5742718 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Symmetric aromatic diselenides are potential anticancer agents with strong cytotoxic activity. In this study, the in vitro anticancer activities of a novel series of diarylseleno derivatives from the diphenyldiselenide (DPDS) scaffold were evaluated. Most of the compounds exhibited high efficacy for inducing cytotoxicity against different human cancer cell lines. DPDS 2, the compound with the lowest mean GI50 value, induced both caspase-dependent apoptosis and arrest at the G0 /G1 phase in acute lymphoblastic leucemia CCRF-CEM cells. Consistent with this, PARP cleavage; enhanced caspase-2, -3, -8 and -9 activity; reduced CDK4 expression and increased levels of p53 were detected in these cells upon DPDS 2 treatment. Mutated p53 expressed in CCRF-CEM cells retains its transactivating activity. Therefore, increased levels of p21CIP1 and BAX proteins were also detected. On the other hand, DPDS 6, the compound with the highest selectivity index for cancer cells, resulted in G2 /M cell cycle arrest and caspase-independent cell death in p53 deficient HTB-54 lung cancer cells. Autophagy inhibitors 3-methyladenine, wortmannin and chloroquine inhibited DPDS 6-induced cell death. Consistent with autophagy, increased LC3-II and decreased SQSTM1/p62 levels were detected in HTB-54 cells in response to DPDS 6. Induction of JNK phosphorylation and a reduction in phospho-p38 MAPK were also detected. Moreover, the JNK inhibitor SP600125-protected HTB-54 cells from DPDS 6-induced cell death indicating that JNK activation is involved in DPDS 6-induced autophagy. These results highlight the anticancer effects of these derivatives and warrant future studies examining their clinical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Díaz
- Department of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Roncesvalles González
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Daniel Plano
- Department of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Palop
- Department of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carmen Sanmartín
- Department of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Encío
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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Qi X, Li C, Wu C, Yu C, Liu M, Gao M, Li C, Yan H, Ren J. Dephosphorylation of Tak1 at Ser412 greatly contributes to the spermatocyte-specific testis toxicity induced by (5R)-5-hydroxytriptolide in C57BL/6 mice. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2016; 5:594-601. [PMID: 30090373 PMCID: PMC6062262 DOI: 10.1039/c5tx00409h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
(5R)-5-Hydroxytriptolide (LLDT-8), a novel triptolide derivative, will proceed to phase II clinical trials for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and cancer. However, the selection of disease and patients is largely limited by the testis toxicity, yet toxicity mechanisms are still poorly understood. In this study, LLDT-8 dose and time-dependently decreased the testes weight, germinal cell layers and induced abnormal spermatid development. Analysis of the germ cell-specific marker showed that spermatocytes were more sensitive to LLDT-8, which was confirmed by the in vitro sensitivity assay with spermatocyte-like GC-2spd and sertoli-like TM4 cells. In GC-2spd, LLDT-8 induced G1/S arrest and apoptosis. MAPK activity screening identified that TGF-β activated kinase 1 (Tak1) is critical in LLDT-8 induced apoptosis. LLDT-8 reduced the Tak1 protein and dephosphorylated Tak1 at Ser412 in GC-2spd and the testes, but not in TM4. RNAi mediated depletion or pharmacologic inhibition of Tak1 induced apoptosis in GC-2spd. Meanwhile, activating Tak1 rescued up to 50% of the GC-2spd cells from the apoptosis induced by LLDT-8. Altogether, our study firstly revealed the important role of Tak1 in the survival of spermatocytes, and dephosphorylation of Tak1 at Ser412 may contribute to the spermatocyte-specific testis toxicity induced by LLDT-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinming Qi
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research , State Key Laboratory of New Drug Research , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 501 Haike Road , Shanghai 201203 , China . ; #1303 ; Tel: +86-21-20231000#1303
| | - Chunzhu Li
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research , State Key Laboratory of New Drug Research , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 501 Haike Road , Shanghai 201203 , China . ; #1303 ; Tel: +86-21-20231000#1303
| | - Chunyong Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis , School of Pharmacy , China Pharmaceutical University , China
| | - Cunzhi Yu
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research , State Key Laboratory of New Drug Research , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 501 Haike Road , Shanghai 201203 , China . ; #1303 ; Tel: +86-21-20231000#1303
| | - Mingxia Liu
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research , State Key Laboratory of New Drug Research , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 501 Haike Road , Shanghai 201203 , China . ; #1303 ; Tel: +86-21-20231000#1303
| | - Man Gao
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research , State Key Laboratory of New Drug Research , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 501 Haike Road , Shanghai 201203 , China . ; #1303 ; Tel: +86-21-20231000#1303
| | - Chenggang Li
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research , State Key Laboratory of New Drug Research , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 501 Haike Road , Shanghai 201203 , China . ; #1303 ; Tel: +86-21-20231000#1303
| | - Hong Yan
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research , State Key Laboratory of New Drug Research , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 501 Haike Road , Shanghai 201203 , China . ; #1303 ; Tel: +86-21-20231000#1303
| | - Jin Ren
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research , State Key Laboratory of New Drug Research , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 501 Haike Road , Shanghai 201203 , China . ; #1303 ; Tel: +86-21-20231000#1303
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Mohamed MF, Darweesh AF, Elwahy AHM, Abdelhamid IA. Synthesis, characterization and antitumor activity of novel tetrapodal 1,4-dihydropyridines: p53 induction, cell cycle arrest and low damage effect on normal cells induced by genotoxic factor H2O2. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra04974e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthesis of novel tetrakis(2,6-dimethyl-4-phenyl-1,4-dihydropyridinyl)methanes5a–dby acid-catalyzed condensation of the tetrakis-aldehydes6a–dwith eight equivalents of 3-aminobut-2-enenitrile2is reported. Antitumor activities of compounds5a–dwere also investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda F. Mohamed
- Chemistry Department (Biochemistry Branch)
- Faculty of Science
- Cairo University
- Giza
- Egypt
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10
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Gong J, Li L. Sodium Selenite Inhibits Proliferation of Gastric Cancer Cells by Inducing SBP1 Expression. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2016; 239:279-85. [DOI: 10.1620/tjem.239.279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhuang Gong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University
| | - Li Li
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University
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Vieira MLDS, Fonseca FLA, Costa LG, Beltrame RL, Chaves CMDS, Cartum J, Alves SIPMDN, Azzalis LA, Junqueira VBC, Pereria EC, Rocha KC. Supplementation with selenium can influence nausea, fatigue, physical, renal, and liver function of children and adolescents with cancer. J Med Food 2015; 18:109-17. [PMID: 25379637 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2014.0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The drugs used in chemotherapy treatments have little specificity, attack tumor cells, and also injure proliferative tissues. Knowledge of the functions of micronutrients has greatly increased, especially of Selenium (Se) that presents immunomodulatory and antitumor functions. The present study evaluated the health-related quality of life of patients undergoing chemotherapy for the treatment of leukemias and lymphomas (LL) and solid tumors (ST) while receiving Selenium (Se) supplementation. This is a randomized, double-blind, crossover study that evaluated the quality of life (EORTC-QLQ-C30 questionnaire), renal and liver functions of patients supplemented with Se. There was no statistically significant alteration in LL patients. However, the fatigue and nausea scores after 30 days did decrease in this group as well as in the ST group. After 1 year supplementation with Selenium, a more noticeable decrease in the scores concerning fatigue and nausea could be observed in the ST group, when compared with the beginning of the study. The LL patients also presented a decrease in the fatigue scores and physical functions. The kidney function as well as liver function has improved after Selenium supplementation when compared with the placebo intake in LL and ST patients, more remarkably in the LL group. Supplementation with Selenium promotes the reduction of chemotherapy side effects in cancer patients, especially by improving the conditions of patients with fatigue, nausea, and impaired physical function. Renal and liver functions have also improved.
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Abdel-Aziz AK, Azab SSE, Youssef SS, El-Sayed AM, El-Demerdash E, Shouman S. Modulation of imatinib cytotoxicity by selenite in HCT116 colorectal cancer cells. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2015; 116:37-46. [PMID: 24930392 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Imatinib is a principal therapeutic agent for targeting colorectal tumours. However, mono-targeting by imatinib does not always achieve complete cancer eradication. Selenite, a well-known chemopreventive agent, is commonly used in cancer patients. In this study, we aimed to explore whether selenite can modulate imatinib cytotoxicity in colorectal cancer cells. HCT116 cells were treated with different concentrations of imatinib and/or selenite for 24, 48 and 72 hr. Imatinib-selenite interaction was analysed using isobologram equation. As indicators of apoptosis, DNA fragmentation, caspase-3 activity, Bcl-2 expression were explored. Autophagic machinery was also checked by visualizing acidic vesicular organelles and measuring Beclin-1 expression. Furthermore, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species were also examined. This study demonstrated that selenite synergistically augmented imatinib cytotoxicity in HCT116 cells as demonstrated by combination and dose reduction indices. Supranutritional dose of selenite when combined with imatinib induced apoptotic machinery by decreasing Bcl-2 expression, increasing caspase-3 activity and subsequently fragmenting DNA and blunted cytoprotective autophagy by decreasing Beclin-1 expression and autophagosomes formation. Moreover, their combination induced cell cycle S-phase block, increased total thiol content and reduced nitric oxide levels. In conclusion, selenite synergizes imatinib cytotoxicity through multi-barrelled molecular targeting, providing a novel therapeutic approach for colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Kamal Abdel-Aziz
- Pharmacology & Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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13
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Yu D, Zhang ZW, Yao HD, Li S, Xu SW. Antioxidative role of selenoprotein W in oxidant-induced chicken splenic lymphocyte death. Biometals 2014; 27:277-91. [DOI: 10.1007/s10534-014-9708-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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14
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The ROS/JNK/ATF2 pathway mediates selenite-induced leukemia NB4 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e973. [PMID: 24357804 PMCID: PMC3877548 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Revised: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
It has previously been shown that selenite can act as an antitumor agent and inhibit cancer cell growth, although the mechanism responsible for this effect is not well understood. In this study, we have shown that selenite can induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in NB4 cells. Selenite treatment of these cells also inhibited the JNK/ATF2 axis. Further experiments demonstrated that selenite-induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) worked as an upstream of the JNK/ATF2 axis, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Inactivation of ATF2 resulted in decreased affinity of this transcription factor for the promoters of cyclin A, cyclin D3 and CDK4, which led to the arrest of the NB4 cells in the G0/G1 phase. Finally, in vivo experiments confirmed the antitumor activity of selenite and the mechanisms that were described in vitro. Taken together, our results indicate that selenite-induced ROS arrest NB4 cells at G0/G1 phase through inhibiting the JNK/ATF2 axis in vitro and in vivo.
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PTEN-regulated AKT/FoxO3a/Bim signaling contributes to reactive oxygen species-mediated apoptosis in selenite-treated colorectal cancer cells. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e481. [PMID: 23392169 PMCID: PMC3734838 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Mounting evidence shows that selenium possesses chemotherapeutic potential against tumor cells, including leukemia, prostate cancer and colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. However, the detailed mechanism by which sodium selenite specifically kills tumor cells remains unclear. Herein, we demonstrated that supranutritional doses of selenite-induced apoptosis in CRC cells through reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent modulation of the PI3K/AKT/FoxO3a signaling pathway. First, we found that selenite treatment in HCT116 and SW480 CRC cells caused inhibition of AKT and the nuclear accumulation of FoxO3a by western blot and immunofluorescence analyses, respectively, thereby facilitating transcription of the target genes bim and PTEN. Modulation of the AKT/FoxO3a/Bim signaling pathway by chemical inhibitors or RNA interference revealed that these events were critical for selenite-induced apoptosis in CRC cells. Additionally, we discovered that FoxO3a-mediated upregulation of PTEN exerted a further inhibitory effect on the AKT survival pathway. We also corroborated our findings in vivo by performing immunohistochemistry experiments. In summary, our results show that selenite could induce ROS-dependent FoxO3a-mediated apoptosis in CRC cells and xenograft tumors through PTEN-mediated inhibition of the PI3K/AKT survival axis. These results help to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying selenite-induced cell death in tumor cells and provide a theoretical basis for translational applications of selenium.
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Shi K, Jiang Q, Li Z, Shan L, Li F, An J, Yang Y, Xu C. Sodium selenite alters microtubule assembly and induces apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. J Hematol Oncol 2013; 6:7. [PMID: 23327530 PMCID: PMC3561191 DOI: 10.1186/1756-8722-6-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies demonstrated that selenite induced cancer-cell apoptosis through multiple mechanisms; however, effects of selenite on microtubules in leukemic cells have not been demonstrated. Methods The toxic effect of selenite on leukemic HL60 cells was performed with cell counting kit 8. Selenite effects on cell cycle distribution and apoptosis induction were determined by flow cytometry. The contents of cyclin B1, Mcl-1, AIF, cytochrome C, insoluble and soluble tubulins were detected with western blotting. Microtubules were visualized with indirect immunofluorescence microscopy. The interaction between CDK1 and Mcl-1 was assessed with immunoprecipitation. Decreasing Mcl-1 and cyclin B1 expression were carried out through siRNA interference. The alterations of Mcl-1 and cyclin B1 in animal model were detected with either immunohistochemical staining or western blotting. In situ detection of apoptotic ratio was performed with TUNEL assay. Results Our current results showed that selenite inhibited the growth of HL60 cells and induced mitochondrial-related apoptosis. Furthermore, we found that microtubule assembly in HL60 cells was altered, those cells were arrested at G2/M phase, and Cyclin B1 was up-regulated and interacted with CDK1, which led to down-regulation of the anti-apoptotic protein Mcl-1. Finally, in vivo experiments confirmed the in vitro microtubule disruption effect and alterations in Cyclin B1 and Mcl-1 levels by selenite. Conclusions Taken together, the results from our study indicate that microtubules are novel targets of selenite in leukemic HL60 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kejian Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, CAMS & PUMC, Beijing 100005, China
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17
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Luo H, Yang Y, Huang F, Li F, Jiang Q, Shi K, Xu C. Selenite induces apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells via AKT-mediated inhibition of β-catenin survival axis. Cancer Lett 2012; 315:78-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2011.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2011] [Revised: 10/10/2011] [Accepted: 10/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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18
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Chen XJ, Duan FD, Zhang HH, Xiong Y, Wang J. Sodium selenite-induced apoptosis mediated by ROS attack in human osteosarcoma U2OS cells. Biol Trace Elem Res 2012; 145:1-9. [PMID: 21826611 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-011-9154-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 07/15/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Sodium selenite (Na(2)SeO(3), SSE) is an inorganic Se compound that is widely used in cancer chemoprevention studies. SSE has been shown to have anti-proliferative effects on several types of human cancer cells, but its effect on osteosarcoma cells has thus far not been reported. In this study, the cytotoxic effect of SSE on osteosarcoma cells U2OS was investigated in vitro and found to be higher than on comparable non-cancer cell lines 293 and L6. Treatment with SSE decreased cell growth in a dose- and time-dependent manner and altered cellular morphology. SSE also inhibited cell viability by inducing apoptosis, as evidenced by the formation of apoptotic bodies, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and accumulation of cells during the advanced phase of apoptosis. SSE-induced apoptosis correlated with the activation of CASP 3, downregulation of BCL-2, and upregulation of P53 and PTEN in U2OS cells. These results indicated that SSE induces apoptosis in U2OS cells mainly through an ROS-mediated caspase pathway. This is the first report to show a possible mechanism of the anti-proliferative effect of SSE for the prevention of osteosarcoma in cell culture models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jia Chen
- National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Bioengineering Institute of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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19
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Synthesis, characterization, crystal structure and cytotoxicity of 2,4-bis(selenomethyl)quinazoline. Struct Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-011-9816-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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20
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Computational characterization of sodium selenite using density functional theory. J Mol Model 2011; 17:701-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-010-0766-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2010] [Accepted: 05/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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21
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Plano D, Moreno E, Font M, Encío I, Palop JA, Sanmartín C. Synthesis and in vitro Anticancer Activities of some Selenadiazole Derivatives. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2010; 343:680-91. [PMID: 21110339 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201000014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Plano
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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22
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Li Z, Shi K, Guan L, Cao T, Jiang Q, Yang Y, Xu C. ROS leads to MnSOD upregulation through ERK2 translocation and p53 activation in selenite-induced apoptosis of NB4 cells. FEBS Lett 2010; 584:2291-7. [PMID: 20353787 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2010.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2010] [Revised: 03/25/2010] [Accepted: 03/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Following our previous finding that sodium selenite induces apoptosis in human leukemia NB4 cells, we now show that the expression of the critical antioxidant enzyme manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is remarkably elevated during this process. We further reveal that reactive oxygen species (ROS), especially superoxide radicals, play a crucial role in selenite-induced MnSOD upregulation, with extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) and p53 closely implicated. Specifically, ERK2 translocates into the nucleus driven by ROS, where it directly phosphorylates p53, leading to dissociation of p53 from its inhibitory protein mouse double minute 2 (MDM2). Active p53 directly mediates the expression of MnSOD, serving as the link between ERK2 translocation and MnSOD upregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhushi Li
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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23
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Hawkes WC, Wang TTY, Alkan Z, Richter BD, Dawson K. Selenoprotein W modulates control of cell cycle entry. Biol Trace Elem Res 2009; 131:229-44. [PMID: 19387567 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-009-8367-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2008] [Accepted: 03/16/2009] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to identify targets of selenium (Se) provided to cultured human cells in physiologically relevant doses and forms. Breast and prostate epithelial cells were supplemented with Se provided as 100 nM sodium selenite or high-Se serum and gene expression was profiled with DNA microarrays. Pure sodium selenite affected expression of 560 genes in MCF-10A breast cells, including 60 associated with the cell cycle (p = 2.8 x 10(-16)). Selenoprotein W (SEPW1) was the only selenoprotein messenger RNA (mRNA) increased by both sodium selenite (specific) and high-Se serum (physiologic). SEPW1 small interfering RNA inhibited G1-phase progression and increased G1-phase gene transcripts, while decreasing S-phase and G2/M-phase gene transcripts, indicating the cell cycle was interrupted at the G1/S transition. SEPW1 mRNA levels were maximal during G1-phase, dropped after the G1/S transition and increased again after G2/M-phase. SEPW1-underexpressing prostate cells had increased mRNA for BCL2, which can induce a G1 arrest, and decreased mRNA for RBBP8 and KPNA2, which modulate the Rb/p53 checkpoint pathway. These results suggest that SEPW1 and the G1/S transition are physiological targets of Se in breast and prostate epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne Chris Hawkes
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
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Asfour IA, El-kholy NM, Ayoub MS, Ahmed MB, Bakarman AA. Selenium and glutathione peroxidase status in adult Egyptian patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Biol Trace Elem Res 2009; 132:85-92. [PMID: 19458925 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-009-8401-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2009] [Accepted: 04/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study was undertaken to evaluate selenium (Se) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) status in patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) before and after induction therapy. Twenty-five patients with newly diagnosed AML and 15 healthy age- and sex-matched control subjects were included in this study. Serum Se level by the graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometric technique and GPX activity by an adaptation of Beutler method was performed for the patients before and after receiving the induction therapy. Serum Se level was significantly lower in patients with AML versus control subjects (63.1 ± 8.8 versus 77 ± 8.8 μg/L before therapy with a P value <0.01 and 69 ± 6.8 versus 77 ± 8.8 μg/L after therapy with a P value <0.01).GPX activity was significantly lower in patients with AML versus control subjects (1.6 ± 0.4 versus 3.4 ± 0.7 μ/g protein pretreatment with a P value <0.01 and 1.9 ± 0.6 versus 3.4 ± 0.7 μ/g protein post induction treatment with P value <0.01).Se level and GPX activity significantly increased in AML patients after treatment. Patients who accomplished complete remission after induction harbored significantly higher Se levels than resistant patients before and after treatment. There was no significant correlation between serum Se level and GPX activity. Decreased Se level and reduced GPX activity in AML patients support the association of carcinogenesis and subnormal Se states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inas A Asfour
- Clinical Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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25
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Huang F, Nie C, Yang Y, Yue W, Ren Y, Shang Y, Wang X, Jin H, Xu C, Chen Q. Selenite induces redox-dependent Bax activation and apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2009; 46:1186-96. [PMID: 19439215 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2009.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2008] [Revised: 01/21/2009] [Accepted: 01/22/2009] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that selenium has chemotherapeutic potential by inducing cancer cell apoptosis with minimal side effects to normal cells. However, the mechanism by which selenium induces apoptosis is not well understood. We have investigated the role of Bax, a Bcl-2 family protein and a critical regulator of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, in selenite-induced apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells. We found that supranutritional doses of selenite could induce typical apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells in vitro and in xenograft tumors. Selenite triggers a conformational change in Bax, as detected by the 6A7 antibody, and leads to Bax translocation into the mitochondria, where Bax forms oligomers to mediate cytochrome c release. Importantly, we show that the two conserved cysteine residues of Bax seem to be critical for sensing the intracellular ROS to initiate Bax conformational changes and subsequent apoptosis. Our results show for the first time that selenite can activate the apoptotic machinery through redox-dependent activation of Bax and further suggest that selenite could be useful in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Huang
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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26
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Guan L, Han B, Li J, Li Z, Huang F, Yang Y, Xu C. Exposure of human leukemia NB4 cells to increasing concentrations of selenite switches the signaling from pro-survival to pro-apoptosis. Ann Hematol 2009; 88:733-42. [DOI: 10.1007/s00277-008-0676-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2008] [Accepted: 12/16/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Hesketh J. Nutrigenomics and Selenium: Gene Expression Patterns, Physiological Targets, and Genetics. Annu Rev Nutr 2008; 28:157-77. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev.nutr.28.061807.155446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John Hesketh
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom, NE1 4HH;
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28
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Pagmantidis V, Méplan C, van Schothorst EM, Keijer J, Hesketh JE. Supplementation of healthy volunteers with nutritionally relevant amounts of selenium increases the expression of lymphocyte protein biosynthesis genes. Am J Clin Nutr 2008; 87:181-9. [PMID: 18175754 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/87.1.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Selenium is incorporated into 25 selenoproteins in humans. Low dietary selenium has deleterious effects on health and may result in cancer, cardiovascular disease, and immune dysfunction. The underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Lymphocytes are a target tissue; they can be assessed in healthy persons, and their response has not been explored by using global gene expression profiling techniques. OBJECTIVES The objectives of the study were to assess the overall effect of selenium supplementation within a normal physiological range on the pattern of lymphocyte gene expression and to identify downstream processes affected by selenium intake. DESIGN Gene expression was assessed in lymphocytes isolated from 39 healthy persons before and after a 6-wk supplementation with 100 microg Se/d as sodium selenite. Presupplementation and postsupplementation RNA samples from 16 subjects were chosen at random for microarray analysis. Differential gene expression was analyzed by using individual labeling and hybridization with human whole-genome microarrays. Array data were validated by quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS The study subjects had an average 19% increase in plasma selenium concentration, which was within a normal range. Fold changes in gene expression were small, but data analysis using biological process identification showed that selenium predominantly affected the genes that encode proteins functioning in protein biosynthesis. Gene expression changes were confirmed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction for 3 representative target genes (RPL37A, RPL30, and EEF1E1). CONCLUSIONS Ribosomal protein and translation factor genes were up-regulated in response to increased selenium intake. We hypothesize that this up-regulation is linked to increased selenoprotein production and enhanced lymphocyte function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios Pagmantidis
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University Medical School, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
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29
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Zou Y, Niu P, Gong Z, Yang J, Yuan J, Wu T, Chen X. Relationship between reactive oxygen species and sodium-selenite-induced DNA damage in HepG2 cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 1:327-32. [DOI: 10.1007/s11684-007-0063-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2007] [Accepted: 04/30/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Baliga MS, Wang H, Zhuo P, Schwartz JL, Diamond AM. Selenium and GPx-1 overexpression protect mammalian cells against UV-induced DNA damage. Biol Trace Elem Res 2007; 115:227-42. [PMID: 17625244 DOI: 10.1007/bf02685998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2006] [Revised: 08/02/2006] [Accepted: 08/11/2006] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Supplementation of the culture media of human MCF-7 breast carcinoma cells or mouse fibroblasts with low levels of selenium (30 nM) provided as sodium selenite was shown to protect these cells from ultraviolet (UV)-induced chromosome damage, as quantified by micronucleus assay. Selenium supplementation was also effective in reducing UV-induced gene mutations as measured in the lacI shuttle vector model. Protection was dependent on functional BRCA1 activity, a protein implicated in breast cancer risk and DNA damage repair. In addition, overexpression of GPx-1, a selenoprotein with antioxidant activity, also attenuated UV induced micronuclei formation in the absence of selenium supplementation. Combining selenium supplementation with GPx-1 overexpression further reduced UV-induced micronucleus frequency. These data provide evidence that the benefits of selenium supplementation might be either through the prevention or repair of DNA damage, and they implicate at least one selenoprotein (GPx-1) in the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjeshwar S Baliga
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Chaichana K, Zamora-Berridi G, Camara-Quintana J, Quiñones-Hinojosa A. Neurosphere assays: growth factors and hormone differences in tumor and nontumor studies. Stem Cells 2006; 24:2851-7. [PMID: 16945995 DOI: 10.1634/stemcells.2006-0399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The "no new neuron" dogma that the brain is quiescent throughout adult life has been challenged by the discovery of cells with stem cell-like qualities of self-renewal and multipotency in the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricles and the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus in adults. This self-renewing capacity also makes these neural stem cells a possible source of brain tumors, which was supported by the discovery of self-sustaining brain tumor stem-like cells in cancers such as glioblastoma multiforme. Neurosphere assays are the standard for studying these stem-like cells in both normal and cancer tissues. Despite the importance of these assays, there is no standardized protocol to allow for a comparison of results because several studies use different growth factors and hormones at different concentrations. The primary objective of this study is to review the literature for both nontumor and tumor studies to assess their respective neurosphere assay components. We found significant variation in assay components, namely hormones and growth factors, as well as their respective concentrations. This illustrates the need for a standardized protocol to allow proper comparison among studies and a better assessment of the effects of different factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaisorn Chaichana
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA
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