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Wild CM, Garrido F, Dannecker C, Köpke MB, Chateau MC, Boissière-Michot F, Heidegger HH, Vattai A, Kessler M, Jeschke U, Cavaillès V. Prognostic Relevance of Tumor-Infiltrating Immune Cells in Cervix Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4952. [PMID: 37894319 PMCID: PMC10605287 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15204952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
There exists a variety of studies about tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) in cervical cancer, but their prognostic value in correlation with the histopathological subtype has never been investigated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to quantify TIICs in a panel of 238 sporadic cervical cancers and investigate the correlation with cervical cancer subtype and patient survival. TIICs levels were significantly increased in the subgroup of CSCC (191 samples) in comparison to CAC (47 samples). In CSCC, TIICs' infiltration showed a negative correlation with age, FIGO stage and with the histone protein modification H3K4me3. Moreover, in CAC, it was positively correlated with p16 and with the glucocorticoid receptor and inversely correlated with the MDM2 protein and with H3K4me3. Interestingly, immune infiltration was an independent positive prognosticator for disease-free survival (DFS) in patients with CSCC, those bearing tumors with the strongest TIICs infiltration showing the better DFS. Altogether, the present study provides a differentiated overview of the relations between TIIC levels and prognosis in patients with CSCC vs. patients with CAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Mathis Wild
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Augsburg, Stenglinstrasse 2, 86156 Augsburg, Germany; (C.M.W.); (F.G.); (C.D.); (M.B.K.)
- Department of Data Management and Clinical Decision Support, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, 86159 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Garrido
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Augsburg, Stenglinstrasse 2, 86156 Augsburg, Germany; (C.M.W.); (F.G.); (C.D.); (M.B.K.)
| | - Christian Dannecker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Augsburg, Stenglinstrasse 2, 86156 Augsburg, Germany; (C.M.W.); (F.G.); (C.D.); (M.B.K.)
| | - Melitta B. Köpke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Augsburg, Stenglinstrasse 2, 86156 Augsburg, Germany; (C.M.W.); (F.G.); (C.D.); (M.B.K.)
| | - Marie-Christine Chateau
- Translational Research Unit, Montpellier Cancer Institute Val d’Aurelle, 208 rue des Apothicaires, F-34298 Montpellier, France; (M.-C.C.); (F.B.-M.)
| | - Florence Boissière-Michot
- Translational Research Unit, Montpellier Cancer Institute Val d’Aurelle, 208 rue des Apothicaires, F-34298 Montpellier, France; (M.-C.C.); (F.B.-M.)
| | - Helene H. Heidegger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; (H.H.H.); (A.V.); (M.K.)
| | - Aurelia Vattai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; (H.H.H.); (A.V.); (M.K.)
| | - Mirjana Kessler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; (H.H.H.); (A.V.); (M.K.)
| | - Udo Jeschke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Augsburg, Stenglinstrasse 2, 86156 Augsburg, Germany; (C.M.W.); (F.G.); (C.D.); (M.B.K.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; (H.H.H.); (A.V.); (M.K.)
| | - Vincent Cavaillès
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), INSERM U1194, Université Montpellier, CNRS, F-34298 Montpellier, France;
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Sarier M, Ceyhan AM, Sepin N, Ozel E, Inal MM, Kukul E, Soylu A. HPV infection in urology practice. Int Urol Nephrol 2019; 52:1-8. [PMID: 31583581 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-019-02302-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common pathogen of sexually transmitted disease worldwide. While HPV is responsible for low-grade benign lesions in the anogenital area such as condyloma acuminatum, it is also strongly associated with cervical, anal, vulvar/vaginal, and penile carcinomas. In addition to being an oncogenic virus, HPV causes a substantial socioeconomic burden due to the recurrence of benign lesions, the lack of a definitive treatment option that provides a complete cure, and the high cost of treatment. The global incidence of HPV infection is rising, especially among young and sexually active individuals; as a result, in recent years these infections have also become increasingly conspicuous in urology practice, both as incidental findings and primary complaints. The aim of this review is to evaluate the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment modalities of HPV infections in light of the current literature from the urologist's perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Sarier
- Department of Urology, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey. .,Department of Urology, Medical Park Hospital, Muratpaşa, Antalya, Turkey.
| | - Ali Murat Ceyhan
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Park Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Nevgun Sepin
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Education and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Esin Ozel
- Department of Pathology, Antalya Pathology Laboratories, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Murat Inal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Memorial Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Erdal Kukul
- Department of Urology, Medical Park Hospital, Muratpaşa, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Soylu
- Department of Urology, Gozde Academy Hospital, Malatya, Turkey
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3
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Stiasny A, Freier CP, Kuhn C, Schulze S, Mayr D, Alexiou C, Janko C, Wiest I, Dannecker C, Jeschke U, Kost BP. The involvement of E6, p53, p16, MDM2 and Gal-3 in the clinical outcome of patients with cervical cancer. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:4467-4476. [PMID: 29085443 PMCID: PMC5649573 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
High-risk human papilloma virus (HPV) is the leading cause of cervical cancer. HPV oncogenes are responsible for the development of malignancy, and the E6 oncoprotein that HPV expresses induces the degradation of tumour suppressor protein p53 (p53). This degradation leads to the upregulation of p16; however, unidentified proteins may also serve a role in the development and progression of cervical cancer. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to analyse the expression levels of E6, p53, p16, MDM2 proto-oncogene (MDM2) and galectin-3 (gal-3) in cervical cancer specimens. A total of 250 cervical cancer tissue slides were used. The expression of E6, p53, p16, MDM2 and gal-3 was analysed with immunohistochemical methods and a semi-quantitative scoring. SPSS software was used for the statistical evaluation of staining results and survival analysis of patients with cervical cancer. Cervical cancer specimens demonstrated significantly increased E6 staining with advanced T-status and increased International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics classification. E6, p53 and p16 demonstrated significantly different expression levels in squamous epithelial tissue compared with adenocarcinomas. MDM2 and gal-3 demonstrated positively correlated expression levels in cervical cancer. In addition, gal-3 expression was correlated with poor prognosis in p16-negative cases. A negative correlation between the expression of E6 and a mutated form of p53 was also identified in cervical cancer. p53 mutation was demonstrated to be common in cervical cancer, and gal-3 and MDM2 appeared to act in a combined manner in this type of tumour. As gal-3 is overexpressed in the cervical cancer tissue of patients with poor prognosis, the use of gal-3 inhibitors should be investigated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Stiasny
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, D-80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph P Freier
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, D-80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Christina Kuhn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, D-80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Sandra Schulze
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, D-80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Doris Mayr
- Department of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, D-80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph Alexiou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine, Else Kröner-Fresenius Foundation Professorship, University Hospital Erlangen, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christina Janko
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine, Else Kröner-Fresenius Foundation Professorship, University Hospital Erlangen, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Irmi Wiest
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, D-80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Dannecker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, D-80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Udo Jeschke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, D-80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Bernd P Kost
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, D-80337 Munich, Germany
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Pantham G, Ganesan S, Einstadter D, Jin G, Weinberg A, Fass R. Assessment of the incidence of squamous cell papilloma of the esophagus and the presence of high-risk human papilloma virus. Dis Esophagus 2017; 30:1-5. [PMID: 27001250 DOI: 10.1111/dote.12475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS There has been a recent increase in the incidence of oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) associated with high-risk human papilloma virus (HPV) infection. We investigated the incidence of esophageal papilloma and the presence of high-risk HPV infection. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study conducted at a County teaching hospital. Patients with esophageal papilloma between January 2000 and December 2013 were identified. Patients with sufficient specimens were tested for the HPV virus. RESULTS Sixty patients with esophageal papilloma lesions were identified from 2000 to 2013. (31 males, age 51 ± 13 years). The incidence was 0.13% in 2000 and increased to 0.57% in 2013 (P < 0.0001). Twenty-nine patients (48.3%) had a papilloma that was more than 5 mm in size, and 20% had multiple lesions. The papilloma was located in the distal esophagus in 35 (58.3%) patients, mid esophagus in 17 (28.3%) patients, and proximal in 8 (13.3%) patients. Three (5%) patients had associated OPC, and 9 (47.4%) of the 19 patients tested were positive for high-risk HPV serotype 16. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of esophageal papilloma has increased by fourfolds over the past 14 years. About half of the tested patients demonstrated high risk HPV. This may suggest a potential growing risk for esophageal squamous cell cancer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh Pantham
- Department of Medicine, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio,USA
| | - Santhi Ganesan
- Department of Pathology, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio,USA
| | - Douglas Einstadter
- Department of Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio,USA
| | - Ge Jin
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio,USA
| | - Aaron Weinberg
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio,USA
| | - Ronnie Fass
- The Esophageal and Swallowing Center, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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5
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Marzouki HZ, Biron VL, Harris J, O'Connell D, Seikaly H. Human papillomavirus-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma and anogenital cancers in men: Epidemiologic evaluation of association. Head Neck 2016; 38 Suppl 1:E2100-2. [PMID: 26849535 DOI: 10.1002/hed.24388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible epidemiological association between oropharyngeal carcinoma and anogenital tumors. METHODS Population-based demographic and pathologic data on all male patients diagnosed with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) and anogenital cancer between 1980 and 2011 in the province of Alberta was collected. The risk of association between anogenital cancers and OPSCCs was estimated. RESULTS Between 1980 and 2011, a total of 2105 male patients were diagnosed with OPSCC and 914 with anogenital cancers. Only 5 patients were diagnosed with both. CONCLUSION In our male population, there was no significant association between anogenital and OPSCCs. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E2100-E2102, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani Z Marzouki
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vincent L Biron
- Division of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jeffrey Harris
- Division of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Daniel O'Connell
- Division of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Hadi Seikaly
- Division of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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6
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Mechanisms of carcinogenesis in human skin against the background of papillomavirus infection. Bull Exp Biol Med 2014; 157:628-33. [PMID: 25257428 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-014-2631-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The cells in the skin tumor developing under conditions of persisting papillomavirus infection are morphologically identical to blast cells in a blood smear from a leukemia patient. The cells filling the lesion focus are morphologically and immunohistochemically related to blood stem cells. A mechanism of epithelial layer modification under conditions of papillomavirus infection leading to carcinogenesis is proposed. The dynamics of structural changes in the skin is characterized by disturbed interactions between the epithelium and adjacent connective tissue, destruction of the basal membrane, disorders in the cambial keratinocyte differentiation, and absence of the spinous and granular layers. We conclude that detection of blast leukocytes in the human skin lesion can be explained by disorders in the cell-cell interactions in the epithelium-mesenchymal tissue system. High proliferative activity followed by death of cambial keratinocytes, migration of effector antigen-presenting CD68 cells to the adjacent connective tissue are the factors inducing migration of blast leukocytic forms to the focus. Not only keratinocyte restitution capacity, but also epithelium-dependent differentiation of young leukocytes disappeared. Undifferentiated cells are migrated from the blood to the epithelium alteration zone, but not in the reverse direction. The insufficiency or the absence of blood blast cell differentiation of the in the focus of epidermal injury and adjacent tissue triggers carcinogenesis. The authors suggest their model of carcinogenesis. The conclusions offer a new concept of cancer pathogenesis and suggest a new strategy in the search for methods for early diagnosis of carcinogenesis.
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7
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Reva IV, Reva GV, Yamamoto T, Girya OY, Grakhova NV, Maloman NY, Danilenko MV. Distribution of antigen-presenting cells CD68 in papillomavirus infection in the skin. Bull Exp Biol Med 2014; 157:56-61. [PMID: 24915947 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-014-2491-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We analyzed local reactions of immune homeostasis in the human skin, in particular, effector immune cells CD68 responsible for antigen presentation, during human papillomavirus infection. Under conditions of long-term papillomavirus infection, CD68 markers were identifi ed only in the connective tissue of the skin (derma) and were completely absent in the epidermis, where they were found during physiological and reparative regeneration after thermal injury. We concluded that hypertrophy of the epidermis and connective tissue of the dermal papillary layer in human papillomavirus infection is related to the absence of CD68 immune cells in the epithelial plate and their accumulation in the connective tissue adjacent to the basement membrane of the epidermis. The possibility of epithelium contamination with the virus depends on local immune homeostasis. Therefore, induction of proper CD68 distribution in appropriate structures can contribute to normalization of epithelial-connective tissue interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- I V Reva
- School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia,
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8
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Chen Z, Ozbun L, Chong N, Wallecha A, Berzofsky JA, Khleif SN. Episomal expression of truncated listeriolysin O in LmddA-LLO-E7 vaccine enhances antitumor efficacy by preferentially inducing expansions of CD4+FoxP3- and CD8+ T cells. Cancer Immunol Res 2014; 2:911-22. [PMID: 24872025 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-13-0197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Studies have shown that Listeria monocytogenes (Lm)-based vaccine expressing a fusion protein comprising truncated listeriolysin O (LLO) and human papilloma virus (HPV) E7 protein (Lm-LLO-E7) induces a decrease in regulatory T cells (Treg) and complete regression of established, transplanted HPV-TC-1 tumors in mice. However, how the Lm-based vaccine causes a decrease in Tregs remains unclear. Using a highly attenuated Lm dal dat ΔactA strain (LmddA)-based vaccine, we report here that the vector LmddA was sufficient to induce a decrease in the proportion of Tregs by preferentially expanding CD4(+)FoxP3(-) T cells and CD8(+) T cells by a mechanism dependent on and directly mediated by LLO. Episomal expression of a nonhemolytic truncated LLO in Lm (LmddA-LLO) significantly augmented the expansion, thus further decreasing Treg frequency. Although adoptive transfer of Tregs compromised the antitumor efficacy of the LmddA-LLO-E7 vaccine, a combination of LmddA-LLO and an Lm-based vaccine expressing E7 protein (Lm-E7) induced complete regression against established TC-1 tumors. An engineered LLO-minus Lm expressing perfringolysin O (PFO) that enables the recombinant bacteria to exit from the phagolysosome without LLO confirmed that the adjuvant effect was dependent on LLO. These results suggest that LLO may serve as a promising adjuvant by preferentially inducing the expansions of CD4(+)FoxP3(-) T cells and CD8(+) T cells, thus reducing the ratio of Tregs to CD4(+)FoxP3(-) T cells and to CD8(+) T cells favoring immune responses to eradicate tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhisong Chen
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Laurent Ozbun
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Namju Chong
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Jay A Berzofsky
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland;
| | - Samir N Khleif
- GRU Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
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9
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Cobos C, Figueroa JA, Mirandola L, Colombo M, Summers G, Figueroa A, Aulakh A, Konala V, Verma R, Riaz J, Wade R, Saadeh C, Rahman RL, Pandey A, Radhi S, Nguyen DD, Jenkins M, Chiriva-Internati M, Cobos E. The role of human papilloma virus (HPV) infection in non-anogenital cancer and the promise of immunotherapy: a review. Int Rev Immunol 2014; 33:383-401. [PMID: 24811210 DOI: 10.3109/08830185.2014.911857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Over the past 30 years, human papilloma virus (HPV) has been shown to play a role in the development of various cancers. Most notably, HPV has been linked to malignant progression in neoplasms of the anogenital region. However, high-risk HPV has also been suggested to play a significant role in the development of cancers in other anatomic locations, such as the head and neck, lung, breast and bladder. In 2006, the first vaccine for HPV, Gardasil, was approved for the prevention of subtypes 6, 11, 16 and 18. A few years later, Cevarix was approved for the prevention of subtypes 16 and 18, the HPV subtypes most frequently implicated in malignant progression. Although increased awareness and vaccination could drastically decrease the incidence of HPV-positive cancers, these approaches do not benefit patients who have already contracted HPV and developed cancer as a result. For this reason, researchers need to continue developing treatment modalities, such as targeted immunotherapies, for HPV-positive lesions. Here, we review the potential evidence linking HPV infection with the development of non-anogenital cancers and the potential role of immunotherapy in the prevention and eradication of HPV infection and its oncogenic sequela.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Cobos
- 1Department of Internal Medicine at the Division of Hematology & Oncology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center and Southwest Cancer Treatment and Research Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
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11
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Maier M, Kraft K, Steinestel K, Schramm A, Lorenz KJ, Tisch M, Schwerer M, Maier H. [Human papillomavirus in squamous cell cancer of the head and neck. A study at the Ulm Military Hospital, Germany]. HNO 2014; 61:593-601. [PMID: 23842698 DOI: 10.1007/s00106-013-2676-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence worldwide that human papillomavirus is a major risk factor for head and neck cancer. Only few studies on this association have been performed in Germany to date. For the purposes of the present study, tumor specimens from 223 patients with squamous cell cancer of the oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx and larynx were analyzed for HPV DNA and p16INK4a expression. The prevalence of HPV genotype 16 (HPV16) DNA in the study population was 17.5%. Further high-risk HPV types were not detected. All HPV16-positive tumors showed intense p16INK4a expression. HPV16 prevalence was highest in tonsillar carcinoma (37.5%) and lowest in laryngeal cancer (2.8%). We observed a significantly higher incidence of cervical lymph node metastases in patients with HPV16-positive tonsillar carcinoma in comparison to HPV-negative tumors (p < 0.016). Tobacco and/or alcohol consumption was significantly lower in patients with HPV-positive tumors (p < 0.0001).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Maier
- Univ.-HNO-Klinik Heidelberg.
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12
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Schumann H, Roth W, Has C, Volz A, Erfurt-Berge C, Magin TM, Bruckner-Tuderman L. Verrucous carcinoma in epidermolysis bullosa simplex is possibly associated with a novel mutation in the keratin 5 gene. Br J Dermatol 2012; 167:929-36. [PMID: 22639907 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2012.11075.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS) is mainly caused by mutations in the KRT5 and KRT14 genes. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) represents the second most frequent skin neoplasia with complex aetiology. The molecular events disrupting the orchestrated interplay between the cytoskeleton, cell adhesion molecules and signalling proteins are ill understood in SCC. We describe the molecular background and the unusual course of the disease in a patient with EBS Dowling-Meara, severe keratoderma and a massive verrucous carcinoma. Skin and tumour samples from the patient were analysed using light microscopy, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence mapping. Mutation analysis of the KRT5 and KRT14 genes identified the novel KRT5 mutation p.E477D. Invasive tumour areas were characterized by downregulation of keratins 5 and 14, reduced and irregular desmocollin-2 expression and increased expression of keratins 6, 16 and 17. Levels of Ki-67 were increased and levels of E-cadherin strongly reduced in the tumour tissue. In this case a novel KRT5 mutation led to increased fragility of keratinocytes. Desmosome and adherens junctions were destabilized, which may trigger keratinocyte-mediated inflammation, possibly via p120-catenin-dependent signalling, suggesting a link between a keratin mutation and SCC, which adds weight to the hypothesis that disturbance of the cytoskeleton represents a major cause in the appearance of the malignant phenotype. Some individuals with EBS may be at risk of developing secondary SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Schumann
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany.
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