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Soufivand P, Hosseini Torshizi G, Roghani SA, Dastbaz M, Lotfi R, Soleymani B, Heydarpour F, Abdan Z, Allahyari H. Conventional DMARDs therapy decreases disease activity and inflammation in newly diagnosed patients with rheumatoid arthritis by increasing FoxP3, Sema-3A, and Nrp-1 gene expression. Inflammopharmacology 2024:10.1007/s10787-024-01565-1. [PMID: 39231852 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-024-01565-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Semaphorins are axonal guidance molecules involved in neural development and contribute to the regulation of various phases of the immune response. This study aimed to investigate the plasma levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) and the regulatory T (Treg) cell-related cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10), as well as the gene expression levels of forkhead box P3 (FoxP3), Semaphorin-3A (Sema-3A), Neuropilin-1 (Nrp-1), Semaphorin-4A (Sema-4A), and Plexin-D1 (Plxn-D1), in the peripheral blood of newly diagnosed rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients treated with conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) for 6 months compared with healthy controls. METHODS Peripheral blood samples were obtained from 40 newly diagnosed RA patients (before and after treatment) and 40 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects. The plasma concentrations of IL-6 and IL-10 were quantified via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the mRNA expression levels of FoxP3, Sema-3A, Nrp-1, Sema-4A, and Plxn-D1 were assessed via quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS Compared with those in the controls, the plasma IL-6 levels in the RA patients (both pre- and post-treatment) were significantly greater (P < 0.001). Compared with the pre-treatment levels, the plasma IL-6 levels decreased significantly after DMARD therapy (P < 0.05). Moreover, plasma IL-10 levels were significantly greater in post-treatment RA patients than in controls (P < 0.05). The gene expression of FoxP3, Sema-3A, and Nrp-1 was significantly lower in pre-treated RA patients than in controls (P < 0.001). Compared with that in pre-treatment RA patients, the gene expression of FoxP3, Sema-3A, and Nrp-1 in DMARDs-treated RA patients was strongly increased (P < 0.05, P < 0.01, and P < 0.01, respectively). There was a positive correlation between Sema-3A gene expression and the gene expression of FoxP3 (r = 0.292, P < 0.01) and Nrp-1 (r = 0.569, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION Conventional DMARDs therapy effectively reduces disease activity and inflammation in newly diagnosed RA patients by increasing FoxP3, Sema-3A, and Nrp-1 gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parviz Soufivand
- Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | | | - Seyed Askar Roghani
- Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Dastbaz
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ramin Lotfi
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, PO-Box: 6617713446, Tehran, Iran.
- Clinical Research Development Center, Tohid Hospital, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
| | - Bijan Soleymani
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Heydarpour
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Zahra Abdan
- Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hosna Allahyari
- Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Rosik J, Kulpa J, Szczepanik M, Pawlik A. The Role of Semaphorins in the Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Cells 2024; 13:618. [PMID: 38607057 PMCID: PMC11011349 DOI: 10.3390/cells13070618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one of the most common autoimmune diseases. Inflammation of the synovial fluid propagates the pathological process of angiogenesis. Semaphorins play a crucial role in the context of endothelial cell function, and their pleiotropic nature has various effects on the further development of RA. This narrative review summarises the various roles of semaphorins in the pathology of RA and whether they could play a role in developing novel RA treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Rosik
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.R.); (J.K.); (M.S.)
| | | | | | - Andrzej Pawlik
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.R.); (J.K.); (M.S.)
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Naito M, Kumanogoh A. The role of semaphorins in allergic diseases. Allergol Int 2024; 73:31-39. [PMID: 37635021 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2023.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Semaphorins were originally identified as guidance molecules in neural development. However, accumulating evidence indicates that 'immune semaphorins' are critically involved in regulating immune cell activation, differentiation, mobility and migration. Semaphorins are also intimately associated with the pathogenesis of allergic diseases including asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, allergic conjunctivitis, and eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis. Interestingly, reflecting their function in positive or negative regulation of immune cells, levels of some semaphorins are increased while others are decreased in patients with allergic diseases. This review presents the pathogenic functions of immune semaphorins in allergic inflammation and discusses the potential use of these molecules as therapeutic targets for allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiko Naito
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Department of Immunopathology, World Premier International Research Center Initiative (WPI), Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kumanogoh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Department of Immunopathology, World Premier International Research Center Initiative (WPI), Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Center for Infectious Diseases for Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development - Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Center for Advanced Modalities and DDS (CAMaD), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
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Qiu Q, Yu X, Chen Q, He X. Sema3A inactivates the ERK/JNK signalling pathways to alleviate inflammation and oxidative stress in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated rat endothelial cells and lung tissues. Autoimmunity 2023; 56:2200908. [PMID: 37128697 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2023.2200908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Semaphorin 3A (Sema3A) is a secretory member of the semaphorin family of immune response regulators. This research focuses on its effects on inflammation and oxidative stress in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). By analysing the GEO dataset GSE57011, we obtained Sema3A as the most downregulated gene in ARDS samples. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to stimulate rat pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs) and rats to induce ARDS-like symptoms in vitro and in vivo, respectively. LPS induced severe damage in rat lung tissues, in which reduced immunohistochemical staining of Sema3A was detected. Sema3A overexpression reduced apoptosis and angiogenesis of LPS-induced PMVECs and alleviated lung injury and pulmonary edoema of rats. Moreover, ELISA results showed that Sema3A overexpression downregulated the levels of inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress markers both in PMVECs and the rat lung. Activation of ERK/JNK signalling aggravated LPS-induced damage on PMVECs; however, the aggravation was partly blocked by Sema3A, which suppressed phosphorylation of ERK/JNK. Overall, this study demonstrates that Sema3A inactivates the ERK/JNK signalling to ameliorate inflammation and oxidative stress in LPS-induced ARDS models. Sema3A might therefore represent a candidate option for ARDS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianwen Qiu
- Department of Medical Ultrasonics, Lishui People's Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Xiufeng Yu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Lishui People's Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Qingli Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Lishui People's Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Xuwei He
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Lishui People's Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang, P.R. China
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Kayaalp M, Erden A, Apaydin H, Güven SC, Armağan B, Cağlayan Kayaalp M, Andac Uzdogan E, Ala Enli Ş, Omma A, Kucuksahin O. Semaphorin 3A levels in vascular and nonvascular phenotypes in systemic sclerosis. Lab Med 2023; 54:646-651. [PMID: 37100766 DOI: 10.1093/labmed/lmad019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Semaphorin 3A (Sema3A) plays a regulatory role in immune responses. The aim of this study was to evaluate Sema3A levels in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc), especially in major vascular involvements such as digital ulcer (DU), scleroderma renal crisis (SRC), pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), and to compare Sema3A level with SSc disease activity. METHODS In SSc patients, patients with DU, SRC, or PAH were grouped as major vascular involvements and those without as nonvascular, and Sema3A levels were compared between the groups and with a healthy control group. The Sema3A levels and acute phase reactants in SSc patients, as well as their association with the Valentini disease activity index and modified Rodnan skin score, were evaluated. RESULTS The Sema3A values (mean ± SD) were 57.60 ± 19.81 ng/mL in the control group (n = 31), 44.32 ± 5.87 ng/mL in patients with major vascular involvement SSc (n = 21), and 49.96 ± 14.00 ng/mL in the nonvascular SSc group (n = 35). When all SSc patients were examined as a single group, the mean Sema3A value was significantly lower than controls (P = .016). The SSc with major vascular involvement group had significantly lower Sema3A levels than SSc with nonmajor vascular involvement group (P = .04). No correlation was found between Sema3A, acute phase reactants, and disease activity scores. Also, no relationship was observed between Sema3A levels and diffuse (48.36 ± 11.47 ng/mL) or limited (47.43 ± 12.38 ng/mL) SSc types (P = .775). CONCLUSION Our study suggests that Sema3A may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of vasculopathy and can be used as a biomarker in SSc patients with vascular complications such as DU and PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Kayaalp
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Abdulsamet Erden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Ankara City Hospital, Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hakan Apaydin
- Department of Rheumatology, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Serdar Can Güven
- Department of Rheumatology, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Berkan Armağan
- Department of Rheumatology, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | | | - Şeymanur Ala Enli
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Omma
- University of Health Sciences, Rheumatology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Orhan Kucuksahin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Ankara City Hospital, Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
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Sang Y, Tsuji K, Nakanoh H, Fukushima K, Kitamura S, Wada J. Role of Semaphorin 3A in Kidney Development and Diseases. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:3038. [PMID: 37835781 PMCID: PMC10572269 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13193038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidney diseases are worldwide public health problems affecting millions of people. However, there are still limited therapeutic options against kidney diseases. Semaphorin 3A (SEMA3A) is a secreted and membrane-associated protein, which regulates diverse functions, including immune regulation, cell survival, migration and angiogenesis, thus involving in the several pathogeneses of diseases, including eyes and neurons, as well as kidneys. SEMA3A is expressed in podocytes and tubular cells in the normal adult kidney, and recent evidence has revealed that excess SEMA3A expression and the subsequent signaling pathway aggravate kidney injury in a variety of kidney diseases, including nephrotic syndrome, diabetic nephropathy, acute kidney injury, and chronic kidney disease. In addition, several reports have demonstrated that the inhibition of SEMA3A ameliorated kidney injury via a reduction in cell apoptosis, fibrosis and inflammation; thus, SEMA3A may be a potential therapeutic target for kidney diseases. In this review article, we summarized the current knowledge regarding the role of SEMA3A in kidney pathophysiology and their potential use in kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhen Sang
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (Y.S.)
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Kenji Tsuji
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (Y.S.)
| | - Hiroyuki Nakanoh
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (Y.S.)
| | - Kazuhiko Fukushima
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (Y.S.)
- Center for Systems Biology, Program in Membrane Biology, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Shinji Kitamura
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (Y.S.)
- Department of Nursing Science, Faculty of Health and Welfare Science, Okayama Prefectural University, Okayama 719-1197, Japan
| | - Jun Wada
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (Y.S.)
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He R, Tan X, Xiang J, Zhu J, Jiang Y, Liu W, Li Y, Guo B, Xing Y. Semaphorin 4A as a Potential Biomarker for Diagnosis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Immunol Invest 2023; 52:104-116. [PMID: 36239661 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2022.2134024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Semaphorin 4A (Sema4A) is an immunoregulatory molecule that is closely related to the pathogenesis of some autoimmune diseases. However, the relationship between Sema4A and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) remains unknown. We therefore aimed to investigate the expression and clinical value of Sema4A in SLE patients. METHODS Patients with SLE, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and healthy controls (HC) were enrolled. The whole blood samples were collected from SLE (83), RA (29) and HC (85), and the expression of Sema4A on several types of leukocytes in peripheral blood was detected by flow cytometry. The serum samples were collected from SLE(77), RA (23) and HC (63), and the concentrations of soluble Sema4A in plasma were detected by ELISA. The diagnostic value of membrane-bound and soluble Sema4A in SLE patients was evaluated using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. RESULTS The concentration of soluble Sema4A was significantly higher in plasma from SLE patients compared to that from HC and RA patients. In SLE patients, the ratio of CD4+CD11c+ myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs) expressing Sema4A increased significantly, and the levels of soluble Sema4A and membrane-bound Sema4A were negatively correlated with the levels of C3 and C4, respectively. The same result was observed for membrane-bound Sema4A on CD4+CD11c+ mDCs cells. In addition, the level of soluble Sema4A negatively correlated with the concentration of hemoglobin (Hb). Importantly, the expression ratio of membrane-bound Sema4A on CD4+CD11c+ mDCs was positively correlated with systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index (SLEDAI). Finally, we revealed that soluble and membrane- bound Sema4A had high sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis of SLE, and had a greater ability to distinguish between SLE and RA. CONCLUSION Sema4A has potential as a new diagnostic biomarker for SLE, and is promising for distinguishing between SLE and RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rendong He
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, NanChong, P.R. China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, NanChong, P.R. China
| | - Xueling Tan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanchong Central Hospital Affiliated to North Sichuan Medical College, NanChong, P.R. China
| | - Jiangyuan Xiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, NanChong, P.R. China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, NanChong, P.R. China.,Translational Medicine Research Center, North Sichuan Medical College, NanChong, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, NanChong, P.R. China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, NanChong, P.R. China.,Translational Medicine Research Center, North Sichuan Medical College, NanChong, P.R. China
| | - Yao Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, NanChong, P.R. China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, NanChong, P.R. China.,Translational Medicine Research Center, North Sichuan Medical College, NanChong, P.R. China
| | - Wen Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, NanChong, P.R. China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, NanChong, P.R. China.,Translational Medicine Research Center, North Sichuan Medical College, NanChong, P.R. China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, NanChong, P.R. China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, NanChong, P.R. China.,Translational Medicine Research Center, North Sichuan Medical College, NanChong, P.R. China
| | - Bin Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, NanChong, P.R. China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, NanChong, P.R. China.,Translational Medicine Research Center, North Sichuan Medical College, NanChong, P.R. China
| | - Yan Xing
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, NanChong, P.R. China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, NanChong, P.R. China.,Translational Medicine Research Center, North Sichuan Medical College, NanChong, P.R. China
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Urhan E, Urhan AC, Dogan HO, Sahin A. Assessment of semaphorin 3A and semaphorin 7A levels in primary Sjogren's syndrome. Rheumatol Int 2022; 43:1087-1092. [PMID: 36030414 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-022-05197-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sjogren's syndrome (SS) is a chronic autoimmune connective tissue disease. Varying rates of system involvements may be seen in the course of the disease. Semaphorins has multifunctions in several physiological and pathological processes such as immune system regulation. The association of Semaphorin 3A (Sema3A) and Semaphorin 7A (Sema7A), which are immune semaphorins, with autoimmune diseases is interesting for researchers. We aimed to compare serum Sema3A and Sema7A levels between primary SS and control subjects, and investigated Sema3A and Sema7A levels in disease subgroups and associated system involvements. 50 consecutive primary SS patients and 40 healthy subjects followed in the Rheumatology clinic of Cumhuriyet University Medical Faculty between 2017 and 2018 were included in the study. Inclusion criteria of patients were diagnosis of primary SS according to the 2016 ACR/EULAR classification criteria. Serum Sema3A and Sema7A levels were measured by commercial ELISA kit. Both groups were similar in terms of age, gender, and body mass index. Serum Sema3A and Sema7A levels were significantly lower in SS than in the controls (p = 0.001 and p = 0.005, respectively). Serum Sema3A levels were significantly lower in patients with renal involvement than in patients without (p = 0.03). Sema3A and Sema7A may play a role in the etiopathogenesis of SS and may be a potential serological marker for the diagnosis of SS and may be a target for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Urhan
- Department of Endocrinology, Burdur State Hospital, Burdur, Turkey
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sivas Cumhuriyet University Medical School, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Ayse Camci Urhan
- Department of Rheumatology, Numune State Hospital, Sivas, Turkey
- Department of Rheumatology, Sivas Cumhuriyet University Medical School, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Halef Okan Dogan
- Department of Biochemistry, Sivas Cumhuriyet University Medical School, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Ali Sahin
- Department of Rheumatology, Sivas Cumhuriyet University Medical School, Sivas, Turkey.
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Lotfi R, Zamanimehr N. Semaphorin-3A: a promising therapeutic tool in allergic rhinitis. Immunol Res 2022; 70:135-142. [PMID: 35031951 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-022-09264-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Semaphorin-3A (Sema-3A), a secreted member of the semaphorin family, is well known for playing regulatory functions at all stages of the immune response. Sema-3A transduces signals by binding to its cognate receptors, namely, class A plexins (Plxns A1 to A4) and neuropilin-1 (Nrp-1). The downstream diverse signaling pathways induced by connecting Sema-3A to its receptors were found to be involved in the pathogenesis of different immunological disorders, ranging from cancer to autoimmunity and allergies. Recent studies have demonstrated that Sema-3A expression is diminished in the murine models and patients with allergic rhinitis (AR; a chronic inflammatory disorder of the nasal mucosa), suggesting the involvement of Sema-3A in AR pathogenesis. Investigations also revealed that treatment of these mice with exogenous Sema-3A protein alleviates the clinical symptom scores of AR, thereby compensating for the reduced expression of Sema-3A in AR. Indeed, Sema-3A treatment could suppress allergic responses in AR via inhibiting Th2/Th17 responses and boosting Th1/Treg responses. Also, Sema-3A could diminish dendritic cell (DC) maturation and T cell proliferation. Since it is implicated in the pathogenesis of AR; thus, Sema-3A turns to be a promising tool of therapy to be studied and utilized in this disease. This review intends to highlight the recent evidence on the role of Sema-3A in AR pathogenesis and summarizes the recent findings regarding the expression status of Sema-3A, as well as its therapeutic potential for treating this disease. HIGHLIGHTS: Sema-3A plays regulatory functions at all stages of the immune response. Sema-3A receptors are the class A plexins (A1-A4) and neuropilin-1 (Nrp-1). Sema-3A expression is reduced in murine models and patients with allergic rhinitis. Connecting Sema-3A to Nrp-1 increases Foxp3 expression in Treg cells. Injecting Sema-3A protein exerts therapeutic effects in mouse models of allergic diseases. Sema-3A shows promise as a therapeutic tool for the treatment of allergic rhinitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Lotfi
- Clinical Research Development Center, Tohid Hospital, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran. .,Lung Diseases and Allergy Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, 6617713446, Sanandaj, Iran.
| | - Nahid Zamanimehr
- Clinical Research Development Center, Tohid Hospital, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.,Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
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Kanth SM, Gairhe S, Torabi-Parizi P. The Role of Semaphorins and Their Receptors in Innate Immune Responses and Clinical Diseases of Acute Inflammation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:672441. [PMID: 34012455 PMCID: PMC8126651 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.672441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Semaphorins are a group of proteins that have been studied extensively for their critical function in neuronal development. They have been shown to regulate airway development, tumorigenesis, autoimmune diseases, and the adaptive immune response. Notably, emerging literature describes the role of immunoregulatory semaphorins and their receptors, plexins and neuropilins, as modulators of innate immunity and diseases defined by acute injury to the kidneys, abdomen, heart and lungs. In this review we discuss the pathogenic functions of semaphorins in clinical conditions of acute inflammation, including sepsis and acute lung injury, with a focus on regulation of the innate immune response as well as potential future therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya M Kanth
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Salina Gairhe
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Parizad Torabi-Parizi
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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The role of immune semaphorins in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis: Potential therapeutic targets. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 95:107556. [PMID: 33756227 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The immune and nervous systems possess a highly intricate network of synaptic connections, shared messenger molecules, and exquisite communication ways, allowing intercellular signal transduction. The semaphorins (Semas) were initially identified as axonal guidance molecules in the development of the nervous system but later were found to be implicated also in regulating the immune system, known in this case as the "immune Semas" or "immunoregulatory Semas". Increasingly, these molecules are involved in multiple aspects of both physiological and pathological immune responses and were recently indicated to take part in various immunological disorders, encompassing allergy, cancer, and autoimmunity. Semas transduce signals by connecting to their cognate receptors, namely, plexins and neuropilins. Some of them, like Sema-3F, have been found to function as the inducer of the remyelination process whereas some others, like Sema-3A and Sema-4D, act to inhibit this process, either directly or indirectly. Besides, Sema-4A is crucial to the differentiation of T helper type 1 (Th1) and Th17 cells that are potentially involved in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS), an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system. This review aims to reveal the role of immune Semas in the pathogenesis of MS and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, focusing on the therapeutic usages of these molecules to treat this neurodegenerative disease.
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Jiao B, Liu S, Tan X, Lu P, Wang D, Xu H. Class-3 semaphorins: Potent multifunctional modulators for angiogenesis-associated diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 137:111329. [PMID: 33545660 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Semaphorins, the neuronal guidance cues, were shown to have broad influences on pathophysiological processes such as bone remodeling, immune responses, and angiogenesis. In particular, Class-3 Semaphorins (SEMA3) is considered a vital regulator involved in angiogenesis. Scientific evidence has pointed to the role of angiogenesis in many diseases, and numerous efforts have been made to explore the possibilities of curing those diseases by targeting angiogenesis. Nevertheless, the efficacies are limited owing to the complex mechanisms of angiogenesis. Hence, investigating the mechanisms of SEMA3 in angiogenesis may contribute to novel therapeutics for diseases. Previous reviews mainly focused on the various functions of semaphorins in one particular disease, and the specific angiogenesis mechanism of SEMA3 in diverse diseases has not been well elucidated. Additionally, the role of SEMA3 in angiogenesis remains elusive, as contradicting results have been found in different disease types. Some evidence from recent studies implies that, while most SEMA3 molecules inhibit pathological angiogenesis in different diseases, occasionally SEMA3 may also promote angiogenesis. This review summarizes the specific role of SEMA3 in a variety of angiogenesis-associated diseases, and documents SEMA3 may be a promising therapeutic target for treating angiogenesis-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Jiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Shiyang Liu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xi Tan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Pei Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Danning Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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Iragavarapu-Charyulu V, Wojcikiewicz E, Urdaneta A. Semaphorins in Angiogenesis and Autoimmune Diseases: Therapeutic Targets? Front Immunol 2020; 11:346. [PMID: 32210960 PMCID: PMC7066498 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The axonal guidance molecules, semaphorins, have been described to function both physiologically and pathologically outside of the nervous system. In this review, we focus on the vertebrate semaphorins found in classes 3 through 7 and their roles in vascular development and autoimmune diseases. Recent studies indicate that while some of these vertebrate semaphorins promote angiogenesis, others have an angiostatic function. Since some semaphorins are also expressed by different immune cells and are known to modulate immune responses, they have been implicated in autoimmune disorders such as multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and systemic sclerosis. We conclude this review by addressing strategies targeting semaphorins as potential therapeutic agents for angiogenesis and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ewa Wojcikiewicz
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, United States
| | - Alexandra Urdaneta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, United States
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Genetic Interactions Affect Lung Function in Patients with Systemic Sclerosis. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2020; 10:151-163. [PMID: 31694854 PMCID: PMC6945038 DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Scleroderma, or systemic sclerosis (SSc), is an autoimmune disease characterized by progressive fibrosis of the skin and internal organs. The most common cause of death in people with SSc is lung disease, but the pathogenesis of lung disease in SSc is insufficiently understood to devise specific treatment strategies. Developing targeted treatments requires not only the identification of molecular processes involved in SSc-associated lung disease, but also understanding of how these processes interact to drive pathology. One potentially powerful approach is to identify alleles that interact genetically to influence lung outcomes in patients with SSc. Analysis of interactions, rather than individual allele effects, has the potential to delineate molecular interactions that are important in SSc-related lung pathology. However, detecting genetic interactions, or epistasis, in human cohorts is challenging. Large numbers of variants with low minor allele frequencies, paired with heterogeneous disease presentation, reduce power to detect epistasis. Here we present an analysis that increases power to detect epistasis in human genome-wide association studies (GWAS). We tested for genetic interactions influencing lung function and autoantibody status in a cohort of 416 SSc patients. Using Matrix Epistasis to filter SNPs followed by the Combined Analysis of Pleiotropy and Epistasis (CAPE), we identified a network of interacting alleles influencing lung function in patients with SSc. In particular, we identified a three-gene network comprising WNT5A, RBMS3, and MSI2, which in combination influenced multiple pulmonary pathology measures. The associations of these genes with lung outcomes in SSc are novel and high-confidence. Furthermore, gene coexpression analysis suggested that the interactions we identified are tissue-specific, thus differentiating SSc-related pathogenic processes in lung from those in skin.
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Wang P, Mao YM, Liu LN, Zhao CN, Li XM, Pan HF. Decreased Expression of Semaphorin 3A and Semaphorin 7A Levels and Its Association with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Immunol Invest 2019; 49:69-80. [PMID: 31412748 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2019.1649280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of data suggests that semaphorins are involved in both normal and pathological immune responses, as well as autoimmune pathologies. To investigate the plasma semaphorin 3A (Sema3A) and semaphorin 7A (Sema7A) levels in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and their correlation with clinical manifestations and laboratory indexes, a two-step method was applied. First, 80 SLE patients and 80 healthy controls were recruited for comparing serum Sema3A and Sema7A concentrations. Second, 40 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and 40 sjögren's syndrome (SS) patients were then included as disease controls. Plasma Sema3A and Sema7A concentrations were detected by ELISA. There were significant differences in Sema3A and Sema7A among four groups. When compared to healthy controls, both Sema3A and Sema7A levels were decreased in SLE and increased in RA; increased Sema3A level and decreased Sema7A level were found in SS. There were significant differences in Sema3A concentration between SLE and RA, SLE and SS. Moreover, there were significant differences in Sema7A level between SLE and RA, SS and RA. However, no significant differences in Sema3A between SS and RA and no significant differences in Sema7A between SS and SLE were observed. Both plasma Sema3A and Sema7A levels were correlated with anti-SSA and IgM. Area under curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for Sema3A and Sema7A were 0.535 (0.455-0.613) and 0.671 (0.594-0.742), respectively. Aberrant Sema3A and Sema7A expression and their clinical associations in SLE suggest their important role in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan-Mei Mao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Department of Epidemiology, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Li-Na Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Department of Epidemiology, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Chan-Na Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Department of Epidemiology, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hai-Feng Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Department of Epidemiology, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Liu LN, Wang P, Zou YF, Xu Z, Cheng J, Zhang Y, Hu W, Pan HF. Semaphorin-3A, semaphorin-7A gene single nucleotide polymorphisms, and systemic lupus erythematosus susceptibility. Autoimmunity 2019; 52:161-167. [DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2019.1642333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Na Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, PR China
| | - Peng Wang
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, PR China
| | - Yan-Feng Zou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, PR China
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Zhiwei Xu
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jian Cheng
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Yuzhou Zhang
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Wenbiao Hu
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Hai-Feng Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, PR China
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
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Garcia S. Role of Semaphorins in Immunopathologies and Rheumatic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20020374. [PMID: 30654587 PMCID: PMC6359241 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatic diseases are disorders characterized by joint inflammation, in which other organs are also affected. There are more than two hundred rheumatic diseases, the most studied so far are rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, spondyloarthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and systemic sclerosis. The semaphorin family is a large group of proteins initially described as axon guidance molecules involved in nervous system development. Studies have demonstrated that semaphorins play a role in other processes such as the regulation of immunity, angiogenesis, bone remodeling, apoptosis, and cell migration and invasion. Moreover, semaphorins have been related to the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis, asthma, Alzheimer, myocarditis, atherosclerosis, fibrotic diseases, osteopetrosis, and cancer. The aim of this review is to summarize current knowledge regarding the role of semaphorins in rheumatic diseases, and discuss their potential applications as therapeutic targets to treat these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Garcia
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology and Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Frantz C, Auffray C, Avouac J, Allanore Y. Regulatory T Cells in Systemic Sclerosis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2356. [PMID: 30374354 PMCID: PMC6196252 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, accumulating evidence suggest that regulatory T cells (Tregs) are of paramount importance for the maintenance of immunological self-tolerance and immune homeostasis, even though they represent only about 5-10% of the peripheral CD4+ T cells in humans. Their key role is indeed supported by the spontaneous development of autoimmune diseases after Tregs depletion in mice. Moreover, there is also a growing literature that investigates possible contribution of Tregs numbers and activity in various autoimmune diseases. The contribution of Tregs in autoimmune disease has opened up a new therapeutic avenue based on restoring a healthy balance between Tregs and effector T-cells, such as Treg-based cellular transfer or low-dose IL-2 modulation. These therapies hold the promise of modulating the immune system without immunosuppression, while several issues regarding efficacy and safety need to be addressed. Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an orphan connective tissue disease characterized by extensive immune abnormalities but also microvascular injury and fibrosis. Recently, data about the presence and function of Tregs in the pathogenesis of SSc have emerged although they remain scarce so far. First, there is a general agreement in the medical literature with regard to the decreased functional ability of circulating Tregs in SSc. Second the quantification of Tregs in patients have led to contradictory results; although the majority of the studies report reduced frequencies, there are conversely some indications suggesting that in case of disease activity circulating Tregs may increase. This paradoxical situation could be the result of a compensatory, but inefficient, amplification of Tregs in the context of inflammation. Nevertheless, these results must be tempered with regards to the heterogeneity of the studies for the phenotyping of the patients and of the most importance for Tregs definition and activity markers. Therefore, taking into account the appealing developments of Tregs roles in autoimmune diseases, together with preliminary data published in SSc, there is growing interest in deciphering Tregs in SSc, both in humans and mice models, to clarify whether the promises obtained in other autoimmune diseases may also apply to SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camelia Frantz
- INSERM U1016, UMR8104, Cochin Institute, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Cedric Auffray
- INSERM U1016, UMR8104, Cochin Institute, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Jerome Avouac
- INSERM U1016, UMR8104, Cochin Institute, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Yannick Allanore
- INSERM U1016, UMR8104, Cochin Institute, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
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Liu LN, Li XM, Ye DQ, Pan HF. Emerging role of semaphorin-3A in autoimmune diseases. Inflammopharmacology 2018; 26:655-665. [PMID: 29696565 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-018-0484-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases (ADs) are featured by the body's immune responses being directed against its own tissues, resulting in prolonged inflammation and subsequent tissue damage. Currently, the exact pathogenesis of ADs remains not fully elucidated. Semaphorin-3A (Sema3A), a secreted member of semaphorin family, is a potent immunoregulator during all immune response stages. Sema3A has wide expression, such as in bone, connective tissue, kidney, neurons, and cartilage. Sema3A can downregulate ADs by suppressing the over-activity of both T-cell and B-cell autoimmunity. Moreover, Sema3A shows the ability to enhance T-cell and B-cell regulatory properties that control ADs, including systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and systemic sclerosis. However, it can also induce ADs when overexpressed. Together, these data strongly suggest that Sema3A plays a pivotal role in ADs, and it may be a promising treatment target for these diseases. In the present review, we focus on the immunological functions of Sema3A and summarize recent studies on the involvement of Sema3A in the pathogenesis of ADs; the discoveries obtained from recent findings may translate into novel therapeutic agent for ADs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Na Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Li
- Department of Rheumatology, Anhui Provincial Hospital, 17 Lujiang Road, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Dong-Qing Ye
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hai-Feng Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
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Abstract
Several neuronal guidance proteins, known as semaphorin molecules, function in the immune system. This dual tissue performance has led to them being defined as "neuroimmune semaphorins". They have been shown to regulate T cell activation by serving as costimulatory molecules. Similar to classical costimulatory molecules, neuroimmune semaphorins are either constitutively or inducibly expressed on immune cells. In contrast to the classical costimulatory molecule function, the action of neuroimmune semaphorins requires the presence of two signals, the first one provided by TCR/MHC engagement, and the second one provided by B7/CD28 interaction. Thus, neuroimmune semaphorins serve as a "signal three" for immune cell activation and regulate the overall intensity of immune response. The current knowledge on their structures, multiple receptors, specific cell/tissue/organ expression, and distinct functions in different diseases are summarized and discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana P Chapoval
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Program in Oncology at the Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- SemaPlex LLC, Ellicott City, MD, USA.
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Nishide M, Kumanogoh A. The role of semaphorins in immune responses and autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2017; 14:19-31. [DOI: 10.1038/nrrheum.2017.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Vadasz Z, Toubi E. Semaphorin3A: A potential therapeutic tool in immune-mediated diseases. Eur J Rheumatol 2017; 5:58-61. [PMID: 29657877 DOI: 10.5152/eurjrheum.2017.17076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The significance of semaphorin3A (sema3A) in regulating immune-mediated inflammation is widely reported. There are multiple mechanisms involved in the process of sema3A-mediated regulation. One of them is the ability of sema3A to maintain a sufficient regulation of both T-cell and B-cell activation. Because it is involved in the pathogenesis of many autoimmune, infectious, and malignant diseases, sema3A turns to be a promising therapeutic tool to be studied and applied in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahava Vadasz
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Bnai-Zion Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Elias Toubi
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Bnai-Zion Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
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Rezaeepoor M, Ganjalikhani-Hakemi M, Shapoori S, Eskandari N, Sharifi M, Etemadifar M, Mansuorian M. Semaphorin-3A as An Immune Modulator Is Suppressed by MicroRNA-145-5p. CELL JOURNAL 2017; 20:113-119. [PMID: 29308627 PMCID: PMC5759673 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2018.4842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective Semaphorin-3A (SEMA3A) and its receptors are found on some immune cells and act as suppressors of
immune cells over-activation. Considering the role of SEMA3A and its down-regulation in some autoimmune diseases,
as well as our bioinformatics predictions, we assumed that miR-145-5p might affect SEMA3A expression. So, we aimed
to determine the effect of miR-145-5p on SEMA3A gene expression level.
Materials and Methods In this experimental study, we evaluated the effect of miR-145-5p transfection on SEMA3A
expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) using ELISA and quantitative real-time polymerase chain
reaction (PCR) methods.
Results Our results showed that miR-145-5p is able to decrease SEMA3A expression at both protein and mRNA levels.
These data confirmed our previous bioinformatic prediction about the inhibitory effect of miR-145-5p on SEMA3A expression.
Conclusion These results enlightened us about an unknown aspect of SEMA3A role in some autoimmune disorders
like multiple sclerosis (MS) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and also proposed SEMA3A as a potential therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Rezaeepoor
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Shima Shapoori
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nahid Eskandari
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Sharifi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Masoud Etemadifar
- Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Marjan Mansuorian
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
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Liao HT, Lin YF, Chou CT, Tsai CY. Semaphorin 3A in Ankylosing Spondylitis. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2017; 52:151-157. [PMID: 28736223 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE To determine serum semaphorin 3A (Sema 3A) levels in ankylosing spondylitis (AS). METHODS Serum Sema 3A was measured in 46 AS patients and 30 healthy controls (HCs). For the patients, we recorded demographic data, disease activity, functional index & global assessment, detected human leukocyte antigen-B27 (HLA-B27), and measured erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) & C-reactive protein (CRP). RESULTS Sema 3A was higher in AS patients than in HCs (3.98 ± 2.57 vs. 1.34 ± 0.48 ng/ml, p = 0.013). Area under the curve (AUC) of standard receiver operating characteristic (ROC) has suggested that Sema 3A > 2 ng/ml is better to predict the higher Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI, > 4) than ESR or CRP. There were good correlations between higher Sema 3A and uveitis, Schöber's test, as well as interstitial lung disease. AS patients undergoing anti-tumor necrosis factor therapies for 3 months exhibited a positive correlation of change in Sema 3A (ΔSema 3A) with disease activity fluctuation [ΔBASDAI, ΔBath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI) and ΔBath Ankylosing Spondylitis - Global score (BAS-G)]. CONCLUSION Serum Sema 3A level was increased in AS patients and was inversely correlated to Schöber's test. Serum Sema 3A is better as a bio-marker than ESR or CRP to correlate with high disease activity in AS patients, and it is also a good indicator for monitoring disease activity and functional status during anti-TNF treatment. Also, Sema 3A may be taken as a predictor for extra-articular presentations in AS, but this needs further study to elucidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsien-Tzung Liao
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Feng Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang-Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Tei Chou
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Youh Tsai
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Slobodin G, Rimar D. Regulatory T Cells in Systemic Sclerosis: a Comprehensive Review. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2017; 52:194-201. [PMID: 27318947 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-016-8563-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic inflammatory disease with complex pathogenesis, based on the sophisticated interplay of injury to the vascular endothelium, exaggerated tissue regeneration and fibrosis, and extensive immune abnormalities. The role of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the development of SSc has started being studied during the last decade with new aspects being disclosed continuously, in parallel with the better understanding of Tregs physiology. There is a general agreement in the medical literature regarding the decreased functional capacity of circulating Tregs in SSc. Some patients, particularly those with active disease, may have increased numbers of circulating Tregs, representing the inhibitory response of the immune system to its inappropriate activation or occurring as a compensatory move for Tregs' decreased suppressive ability. Decreased pool of circulating Tregs can be seen in other SSc patients, with even lower Treg percentages seen in patients with long-standing disease. Skin-resident Tregs are depleted in advanced SSc but can be active and have a role in earlier disease stages. In addition to diminished suppressive ability, Tregs can contribute to SSc evolution by their microenvironment-dependent transformation to pathogenic effector T cells of Th17 or Th2 lineages with respective pro-inflammatory or pro-fibrotic activity. The current data on the effects of existing treatment modalities, including autologous stem cell transplantation, on Tregs function in SSc, is controversial, not being sufficiently elaborated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gleb Slobodin
- Rheumatology, Bnai Zion Medical Center, Haifa, Israel. .,Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Doron Rimar
- Rheumatology, Bnai Zion Medical Center, Haifa, Israel.,Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
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