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Liu X, Miceli JF, Patton S, Murray M, Evans J, Wei X, Wang P. Agrobacterial Transformation Enhancement by Improved Competent Cell Preparation and Optimized Electroporation. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2217. [PMID: 38004357 PMCID: PMC10671908 DOI: 10.3390/life13112217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The introduction of plasmids into Agrobacterium cells is one of the key steps in the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of plants for gene editing applications. Depending on chromosomal background, some Agrobacterium strains exhibit a very low transformation efficiency, which results in a low number of colonies for subsequent screening and thus limits the potential for automated high-throughput transformation processes, especially with low copy or large plasmids. This study demonstrates improvements of transformation frequency by modifying the competent cell preparation process and optimizing electroporation parameters for two Agrobacterium strains. The competent cell preparation process was modified by prolonging bacterial growth in the log phase and optimizing the endpoint cell density for cell harvest which resulted in a significant cell yield increase and transformation frequency improvement. Optimization of electroporation by fine-tuning the parameters not only resulted in a 30-fold transformation frequency increase but also revealed a strain-dependent requirement for field strength and electric pulse length. To further improve transformation of a recalcitrant strain, different concentrations of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in recovery medium were examined. The study revealed an important role of DMSO in transformed cell recovery, with 5% DMSO resulting in the highest transformation frequency. The significant improvements in Agrobacterium transformation frequency addressed a critical bottleneck towards establishing a high throughput process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Liu
- Seeds Research, Syngenta Crop Protection LLC, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709, USA (S.P.); (M.M.); (J.E.); (X.W.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Pohao Wang
- Seeds Research, Syngenta Crop Protection LLC, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709, USA (S.P.); (M.M.); (J.E.); (X.W.)
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2
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Neelakandan AK, Kabahuma M, Yang Q, Lopez M, Wisser RJ, Balint-Kurti P, Lauter N. Characterization of integration sites and transfer DNA structures in Agrobacterium-mediated transgenic events of maize inbred B104. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2023; 13:jkad166. [PMID: 37523773 PMCID: PMC10542558 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkad166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
In maize, the community-standard transformant line B104 is a useful model for dissecting features of transfer DNA (T-DNA) integration due to its compatibility with Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and the availability of its genome sequence. Knowledge of transgene integration sites permits the analysis of the genomic environment that governs the strength of gene expression and phenotypic effects due to the disruption of an endogenous gene or regulatory element. In this study, we optimized a fusion primer and nested integrated PCR (FPNI-PCR) technique for T-DNA detection in maize to characterize the integration sites of 89 T-DNA insertions in 81 transformant lines. T-DNA insertions preferentially occurred in gene-rich regions and regions distant from centromeres. Integration junctions with and without microhomologous sequences as well as junctions with de novo sequences were detected. Sequence analysis of integration junctions indicated that T-DNA was incorporated via the error-prone repair pathways of nonhomologous (predominantly) and microhomology-mediated (minor) end-joining. This report provides a quantitative assessment of Agrobacterium-mediated T-DNA integration in maize with respect to insertion site features, the genomic distribution of T-DNA incorporation, and the mechanisms of integration. It also demonstrates the utility of the FPNI-PCR technique, which can be adapted to any species of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mercy Kabahuma
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Interdisciplinary Genetics and Genomics Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Qin Yang
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Miriam Lopez
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Randall J Wisser
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
- Laboratoire d’Ecophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress Environmentaux, INRAE, University of Montpellier, L’Institut Agro, Montpellier 34000, France
| | - Peter Balint-Kurti
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
- Plant Science Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Nick Lauter
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Interdisciplinary Genetics and Genomics Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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3
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Nivya VM, Shah JM. Recalcitrance to transformation, a hindrance for genome editing of legumes. Front Genome Ed 2023; 5:1247815. [PMID: 37810593 PMCID: PMC10551638 DOI: 10.3389/fgeed.2023.1247815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant genome editing, a recently discovered method for targeted mutagenesis, has emerged as a promising tool for crop improvement and gene function research. Many genome-edited plants, such as rice, wheat, and tomato, have emerged over the last decade. As the preliminary steps in the procedure for genome editing involve genetic transformation, amenability to genome editing depends on the efficiency of genetic engineering. Hence, there are numerous reports on the aforementioned crops because they are transformed with relative ease. Legume crops are rich in protein and, thus, are a favored source of plant proteins for the human diet in most countries. However, legume cultivation often succumbs to various biotic/abiotic threats, thereby leading to high yield loss. Furthermore, certain legumes like peanuts possess allergens, and these need to be eliminated as these deprive many people from gaining the benefits of such crops. Further genetic variations are limited in certain legumes. Genome editing has the potential to offer solutions to not only combat biotic/abiotic stress but also generate desirable knock-outs and genetic variants. However, excluding soybean, alfalfa, and Lotus japonicus, reports obtained on genome editing of other legume crops are less. This is because, excluding the aforementioned three legume crops, the transformation efficiency of most legumes is found to be very low. Obtaining a higher number of genome-edited events is desirable as it offers the option to genotypically/phenotypically select the best candidate, without the baggage of off-target mutations. Eliminating the barriers to genetic engineering would directly help in increasing genome-editing rates. Thus, this review aims to compare various legumes for their transformation, editing, and regeneration efficiencies and discusses various solutions available for increasing transformation and genome-editing rates in legumes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jasmine M. Shah
- Department of Plant Science, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, Kerala, India
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4
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Azizi-Dargahlou S, Pouresmaeil M. Agrobacterium tumefaciens-Mediated Plant Transformation: A Review. Mol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12033-023-00788-x. [PMID: 37340198 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00788-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated plant transformation is the most dominant technique for the transformation of plants. It is used to transform monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants. A. tumefaciens apply for stable and transient transformation, random and targeted integration of foreign genes, as well as genome editing of plants. The Advantages of this method include cheapness, uncomplicated operation, high reproducibility, a low copy number of integrated transgenes, and the possibility of transferring larger DNA fragments. Engineered endonucleases such as CRISPR/Cas9 systems, TALENs, and ZFNs can be delivered with this method. Nowadays, Agrobacterium-mediated transformation is used for the Knock in, Knock down, and Knock out of genes. The transformation effectiveness of this method is not always desirable. Researchers applied various strategies to improve the effectiveness of this method. Here, a general overview of the characteristics and mechanism of gene transfer with Agrobacterium is presented. Advantages, updated data on the factors involved in optimizing this method, and other useful materials that lead to maximum exploitation as well as overcoming obstacles of this method are discussed. Moreover, the application of this method in the generation of genetically edited plants is stated. This review can help researchers to establish a rapid and highly effective Agrobacterium-mediated transformation protocol for any plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahin Pouresmaeil
- Department of Biotechnology, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
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5
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Liu Y, Li T, Zhang C, Zhang W, Deng N, Dirk LMA, Downie AB, Zhao T. Raffinose positively regulates maize drought tolerance by reducing leaf transpiration. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 114:55-67. [PMID: 36703577 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress is one of the major constraints of global crop production. Raffinose, a non-reducing trisaccharide, has been considered to regulate positively the plant drought stress tolerance; however, evidence that augmenting raffinose production in leaves results in enhanced plant drought stress tolerance is lacking. The biochemical mechanism through which raffinose might act to mitigate plant drought stress remains unidentified. ZmRAFS encodes Zea mays RAFFINOSE SYNTHASE, a key enzyme that transfers galactose from the galactoside galactinol to sucrose for raffinose production. Overexpression of ZmRAFS in maize increased the RAFS protein and the raffinose content and decreased the water loss of leaves and enhanced plant drought stress tolerance. The biomass of the ZmRAFS overexpressing plants was similar to that of non-transgenic control plants when grown under optimal conditions, but was significantly greater than that of non-transgenic plants when grown under drought stress conditions. In contrast, the percentage of water loss of the detached leaves from two independent zmrafs mutant lines, incapable of synthesizing raffinose, was greater than that from null segregant controls and this phenomenon was partially rescued by supplementation of raffinose to detached zmrafs leaves. In addition, while there were differences in water loss among different maize lines, there was no difference in stomata density or aperture. Taken together, our work demonstrated that overexpression of the ZmRAFS gene in maize, in contrast to Arabidopsis, increased the raffinose content in leaves, assisted the leaf to retain water, and enhanced the plant drought stress tolerance without causing a detectable growth penalty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Tao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, China
| | - Chunxia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Nan Deng
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Lynnette M A Dirk
- Department of Horticulture, Seed Biology, College of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA
| | - A Bruce Downie
- Department of Horticulture, Seed Biology, College of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA
| | - Tianyong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
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6
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Zhang Y, Song X, Zhang W, Liu F, Wang C, Liu Y, Dirk LMA, Downie AB, Zhao T. Maize PIMT2 repairs damaged 3-METHYLCROTONYL COA CARBOXYLASE in mitochondria, affecting seed vigor. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 36999611 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
PROTEIN l-ISOASPARTYL O-METHYLTRANSFERASE (PIMT) affects seed vigor by repairing damaged proteins. While PIMT is capable of isoaspartyl (isoAsp) repair in all proteins, those proteins most susceptible to isoAsp formation have not been well characterized, and the mechanisms by which PIMT affects seed vigor remain largely unknown. Using co-immunoprecipitation and LC-MS/MS, we found that maize (Zea mays) PIMT2 (ZmPIMT2) interacted predominantly with both subunits of maize 3-METHYLCROTONYL COA CARBOXYLASE (ZmMCC). ZmPIMT2 is specifically expressed in the maize embryo. Both mRNA and protein levels of ZmPIMT2 increased during seed maturation and declined during imbibition. Maize seed vigor was decreased in the zmpimt2 mutant line, while overexpression of ZmPIMT2 in maize and Arabidopsis thaliana increased seed vigor upon artificial aging. ZmPIMT2 was localized in the mitochondria, as determined by subcellular localization assays using maize protoplasts. ZmPIMT2 binding to ZmMCCα was confirmed by luciferase complementation tests in both tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana) leaves and maize protoplasts. Knockdown of ZmMCCα decreased maize seed aging tolerance. Furthermore, overexpression of ZmPIMT2 decreased the accumulation of isoAsp of ZmMCCα protein in seed embryos that underwent accelerated aging treatment. Taken together, our results demonstrate that ZmPIMT2 binds ZmMCCα in mitochondria, repairs isoAsp damage, and positively affects maize seed vigor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xianbo Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Feijun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Chunmei Wang
- Biology Experimental Teaching Center, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Lynnette M A Dirk
- Department of Horticulture, Seed Biology, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, 40546, USA
| | - A Bruce Downie
- Department of Horticulture, Seed Biology, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, 40546, USA
| | - Tianyong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
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7
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Liu S, Shi Y, Liu F, Guo Y, Lu M. LaCl 3 treatment improves Agrobacterium-mediated immature embryo genetic transformation frequency of maize. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2022; 41:1439-1448. [PMID: 35376997 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-022-02867-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We report an optimized transformation system that uses a LaCl3 pretreatment (a Ca2+ channel blocker) for enhancing Agrobacterium-mediated infection of immature embryos and improving the genetic transformation frequency of maize. Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of immature embryos is important for gene-function studies and molecular breeding of maize. However, the relatively low genetic transformation frequency remains a bottleneck for applicability of this method, especially on commercial scale. We report that pretreatment of immature embryos with LaCl3 (a Ca2+ channel blocker) improves the infection frequency of Agrobacterium tumefaciens, increases the proportion of positive callus, yields more positive regenerated plantlets, and increases the transformation frequency from 8.40 to 17.60% for maize. This optimization is a novel method for improving the frequency of plant genetic transformations mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Liu
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yunlu Shi
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yan Guo
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Minhui Lu
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Aesaert S, Impens L, Coussens G, Van Lerberge E, Vanderhaeghen R, Desmet L, Vanhevel Y, Bossuyt S, Wambua AN, Van Lijsebettens M, Inzé D, De Keyser E, Jacobs TB, Karimi M, Pauwels L. Optimized Transformation and Gene Editing of the B104 Public Maize Inbred by Improved Tissue Culture and Use of Morphogenic Regulators. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:883847. [PMID: 35528934 PMCID: PMC9072829 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.883847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Plant transformation is a bottleneck for the application of gene editing in plants. In Zea mays (maize), a breakthrough was made using co-transformation of the morphogenic transcription factors BABY BOOM (BBM) and WUSCHEL (WUS) to induce somatic embryogenesis. Together with adapted tissue culture media, this was shown to increase transformation efficiency significantly. However, use of the method has not been reported widely, despite a clear need for increased transformation capacity in academic settings. Here, we explore use of the method for the public maize inbred B104 that is widely used for transformation by the research community. We find that only modifying tissue culture media already boosts transformation efficiency significantly and can reduce the time in tissue culture by 1 month. On average, production of independent transgenic plants per starting embryo increased from 1 to 4% using BIALAPHOS RESISTANCE (BAR) as a selection marker. In addition, we reconstructed the BBM-WUS morphogenic gene cassette and evaluated its functionality in B104. Expression of the morphogenic genes under tissue- and development stage-specific promoters led to direct somatic embryo formation on the scutellum of zygotic embryos. However, eight out of ten resulting transgenic plants showed pleiotropic developmental defects and were not fertile. This undesirable phenotype was positively correlated with the copy number of the morphogenic gene cassette. Use of constructs in which morphogenic genes are flanked by a developmentally controlled Cre/LoxP recombination system led to reduced T-DNA copy number and fertile T0 plants, while increasing transformation efficiency from 1 to 5% using HIGHLY-RESISTANT ACETOLACTATE SYNTHASE as a selection marker. Addition of a CRISPR/Cas9 module confirmed functionality for gene editing applications, as exemplified by editing the gene VIRESCENT YELLOW-LIKE (VYL) that can act as a visual marker for gene editing in maize. The constructs, methods, and insights produced in this work will be valuable to translate the use of BBM-WUS and other emerging morphogenic regulators (MRs) to other genotypes and crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stijn Aesaert
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lennert Impens
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Griet Coussens
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Els Van Lerberge
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rudy Vanderhaeghen
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Laurence Desmet
- Plant Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Melle, Belgium
| | - Yasmine Vanhevel
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Shari Bossuyt
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Angeline Ndele Wambua
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mieke Van Lijsebettens
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dirk Inzé
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ellen De Keyser
- Plant Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Melle, Belgium
| | - Thomas B. Jacobs
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mansour Karimi
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Laurens Pauwels
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
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9
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Silva TN, Thomas JB, Dahlberg J, Rhee SY, Mortimer JC. Progress and challenges in sorghum biotechnology, a multipurpose feedstock for the bioeconomy. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:646-664. [PMID: 34644381 PMCID: PMC8793871 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is the fifth most important cereal crop globally by harvested area and production. Its drought and heat tolerance allow high yields with minimal input. It is a promising biomass crop for the production of biofuels and bioproducts. In addition, as an annual diploid with a relatively small genome compared with other C4 grasses, and excellent germplasm diversity, sorghum is an excellent research species for other C4 crops such as maize. As a result, an increasing number of researchers are looking to test the transferability of findings from other organisms such as Arabidopsis thaliana and Brachypodium distachyon to sorghum, as well as to engineer new biomass sorghum varieties. Here, we provide an overview of sorghum as a multipurpose feedstock crop which can support the growing bioeconomy, and as a monocot research model system. We review what makes sorghum such a successful crop and identify some key traits for future improvement. We assess recent progress in sorghum transformation and highlight how transformation limitations still restrict its widespread adoption. Finally, we summarize available sorghum genetic, genomic, and bioinformatics resources. This review is intended for researchers new to sorghum research, as well as those wishing to include non-food and forage applications in their research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tallyta N Silva
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jason B Thomas
- Carnegie Institution for Science, Department of Plant Biology, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jeff Dahlberg
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA
- UC-ANR-KARE, 9240 S. Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA, USA
| | - Seung Y Rhee
- Carnegie Institution for Science, Department of Plant Biology, Stanford, CA, USA
- Correspondence: or
| | - Jenny C Mortimer
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Correspondence: or
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10
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Yassitepe JEDCT, da Silva VCH, Hernandes-Lopes J, Dante RA, Gerhardt IR, Fernandes FR, da Silva PA, Vieira LR, Bonatti V, Arruda P. Maize Transformation: From Plant Material to the Release of Genetically Modified and Edited Varieties. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:766702. [PMID: 34721493 PMCID: PMC8553389 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.766702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decades, advances in plant biotechnology have allowed the development of genetically modified maize varieties that have significantly impacted agricultural management and improved the grain yield worldwide. To date, genetically modified varieties represent 30% of the world's maize cultivated area and incorporate traits such as herbicide, insect and disease resistance, abiotic stress tolerance, high yield, and improved nutritional quality. Maize transformation, which is a prerequisite for genetically modified maize development, is no longer a major bottleneck. Protocols using morphogenic regulators have evolved significantly towards increasing transformation frequency and genotype independence. Emerging technologies using either stable or transient expression and tissue culture-independent methods, such as direct genome editing using RNA-guided endonuclease system as an in vivo desired-target mutator, simultaneous double haploid production and editing/haploid-inducer-mediated genome editing, and pollen transformation, are expected to lead significant progress in maize biotechnology. This review summarises the significant advances in maize transformation protocols, technologies, and applications and discusses the current status, including a pipeline for trait development and regulatory issues related to current and future genetically modified and genetically edited maize varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Erika de Carvalho Teixeira Yassitepe
- Embrapa Informática Agropecuária, Campinas, Brazil
- Genomics for Climate Change Research Center (GCCRC), Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Viviane Cristina Heinzen da Silva
- Genomics for Climate Change Research Center (GCCRC), Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - José Hernandes-Lopes
- Embrapa Informática Agropecuária, Campinas, Brazil
- Genomics for Climate Change Research Center (GCCRC), Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Augusto Dante
- Embrapa Informática Agropecuária, Campinas, Brazil
- Genomics for Climate Change Research Center (GCCRC), Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Isabel Rodrigues Gerhardt
- Embrapa Informática Agropecuária, Campinas, Brazil
- Genomics for Climate Change Research Center (GCCRC), Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Rausch Fernandes
- Embrapa Informática Agropecuária, Campinas, Brazil
- Genomics for Climate Change Research Center (GCCRC), Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Priscila Alves da Silva
- Genomics for Climate Change Research Center (GCCRC), Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Leticia Rios Vieira
- Genomics for Climate Change Research Center (GCCRC), Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Bonatti
- Genomics for Climate Change Research Center (GCCRC), Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Paulo Arruda
- Genomics for Climate Change Research Center (GCCRC), Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Departamento de Genética, Evolução, Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
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11
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Simmons CR, Lafitte HR, Reimann KS, Brugière N, Roesler K, Albertsen MC, Greene TW, Habben JE. Successes and insights of an industry biotech program to enhance maize agronomic traits. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 307:110899. [PMID: 33902858 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.110899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Corteva Agriscience™ ran a discovery research program to identify biotech leads for improving maize Agronomic Traits such as yield, drought tolerance, and nitrogen use efficiency. Arising from many discovery sources involving thousands of genes, this program generated over 3331 DNA cassette constructs involving a diverse set of circa 1671 genes, whose transformed maize events were field tested from 2000 to 2018 under managed environments designed to evaluate their potential for commercialization. We demonstrate that a subgroup of these transgenic events improved yield in field-grown elite maize breeding germplasm. A set of at least 22 validated gene leads are identified and described which represent diverse molecular and physiological functions. These leads illuminate sectors of biology that could guide crop improvement in maize and perhaps other crops. In this review and interpretation, we share some of our approaches and results, and key lessons learned in discovering and developing these maize Agronomic Traits leads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl R Simmons
- Corteva Agriscience, 7300 NW 62nd Avenue, Johnston, IA, 50131, USA.
| | - H Renee Lafitte
- Corteva Agriscience, 7300 NW 62nd Avenue, Johnston, IA, 50131, USA
| | - Kellie S Reimann
- Corteva Agriscience, 7300 NW 62nd Avenue, Johnston, IA, 50131, USA
| | - Norbert Brugière
- Corteva Agriscience, 7300 NW 62nd Avenue, Johnston, IA, 50131, USA
| | - Keith Roesler
- Corteva Agriscience, 7300 NW 62nd Avenue, Johnston, IA, 50131, USA
| | - Marc C Albertsen
- Corteva Agriscience, 7300 NW 62nd Avenue, Johnston, IA, 50131, USA
| | - Thomas W Greene
- Corteva Agriscience, 7300 NW 62nd Avenue, Johnston, IA, 50131, USA
| | - Jeffrey E Habben
- Corteva Agriscience, 7300 NW 62nd Avenue, Johnston, IA, 50131, USA
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12
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Simmons CR, Weers BP, Reimann KS, Abbitt SE, Frank MJ, Wang W, Wu J, Shen B, Habben JE. Maize BIG GRAIN1 homolog overexpression increases maize grain yield. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2020; 18:2304-2315. [PMID: 32356392 PMCID: PMC7589417 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The Zea Mays BIG GRAIN 1 HOMOLOG 1 (ZM-BG1H1) was ectopically expressed in maize. Elite commercial hybrid germplasm was yield tested in diverse field environment locations representing commercial models. Yield was measured in 101 tests across all 4 events, 26 locations over 2 years, for an average yield gain of 355 kg/ha (5.65 bu/ac) above control, with 83% tests broadly showing yield gains (range +2272 kg/ha to -1240 kg/ha), with seven tests gaining more than one metric ton per hectare. Plant and ear height were slightly elevated, and ear and tassel flowering time were delayed one day, but ASI was unchanged, and these traits did not correlate to yield gain. ZM-BG1H1 overexpression is associated with increased ear kernel row number and total ear kernel number and mass, but individual kernels trended slightly smaller and less dense. The ZM-BG1H1 protein is detected in the plasma membrane like rice OS-BG1. Five predominant native ZM-BG1H1 alleles exhibit little structural and expression variation compared to the large increased expression conferred by these ectopic alleles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bo Shen
- Corteva AgriscienceJohnstonIAUSA
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13
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Hu X, Boeckman CJ, Cong B, Steimel JP, Richtman NM, Sturtz K, Wang Y, Walker CA, Yin J, Unger A, Farris C, Lu AL. Characterization of DvSSJ1 transcripts targeting the smooth septate junction (SSJ) of western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera). Sci Rep 2020; 10:11139. [PMID: 32636422 PMCID: PMC7341793 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68014-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Transgenic maize plants expressing dsRNA targeting western corn rootworm (WCR, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) DvSSJ1 mRNA, a Drosophila snakeskin (ssk) ortholog, show insecticidal activity and significant plant protection from WCR damage. The gene encodes a membrane protein associated with the smooth sepate junction (SSJ) which is required for intestinal barrier function. To understand the active RNA form that leads to the mortality of WCR larvae by DvSSJ1 RNA interference (RNAi), we characterized transgenic plants expressing DvSSJ1 RNA transcripts targeting WCR DvSSJ1 mRNA. The expression of the silencing cassette results in the full-length transcript of 901 nucleotides containing a 210 bp inverted fragment of the DvSSJ1 gene, the formation of a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) transcript and siRNAs in transgenic plants. Our artificial diet-feeding study indicates that dsRNAs greater than or equal to approximately 60 base-pairs (bp) are required for DvSSJ1 insecticidal activity. Impact of specificity of dsRNA targeting DvSSJ1 mRNA on insecticidal activities was also evaluated in diet bioassay, which showed a single nucleotide mutation can have a significant impact or abolish diet activities against WCR. These results provide insights as to the functional forms of plant-delivered dsRNA for the protection of transgenic maize from WCR feeding damage and information contributing to the risk assessment of transgenic maize expressing insecticidal dsRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Hu
- Corteva Agriscience, 7300 NW 62nd Ave., Johnston, IA, 50131, USA.
| | - Chad J Boeckman
- Corteva Agriscience, 7300 NW 62nd Ave., Johnston, IA, 50131, USA.
| | - Bin Cong
- Corteva Agriscience, 7300 NW 62nd Ave., Johnston, IA, 50131, USA.
| | - Joe P Steimel
- Corteva Agriscience, 7300 NW 62nd Ave., Johnston, IA, 50131, USA
| | - Nina M Richtman
- Corteva Agriscience, 7300 NW 62nd Ave., Johnston, IA, 50131, USA
| | - Kristine Sturtz
- Corteva Agriscience, 7300 NW 62nd Ave., Johnston, IA, 50131, USA
| | - Yiwei Wang
- Corteva Agriscience, 7300 NW 62nd Ave., Johnston, IA, 50131, USA
| | - Carl A Walker
- Corteva Agriscience, 7300 NW 62nd Ave., Johnston, IA, 50131, USA
| | - Jiaming Yin
- Corteva Agriscience, 7300 NW 62nd Ave., Johnston, IA, 50131, USA
| | - Anita Unger
- Corteva Agriscience, 7300 NW 62nd Ave., Johnston, IA, 50131, USA
| | - Caitlin Farris
- Corteva Agriscience, 7300 NW 62nd Ave., Johnston, IA, 50131, USA
| | - Albert L Lu
- Corteva Agriscience, 7300 NW 62nd Ave., Johnston, IA, 50131, USA
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14
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Manan S. Current status of crops genetic transformation. MINERVA BIOTECNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.23736/s1120-4826.20.02606-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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15
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Elnahal ASM, Li J, Wang X, Zhou C, Wen G, Wang J, Lindqvist-Kreuze H, Meng Y, Shan W. Identification of Natural Resistance Mediated by Recognition of Phytophthora infestans Effector Gene Avr3aEM in Potato. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:919. [PMID: 32636869 PMCID: PMC7318898 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Late blight is considered the most renowned devastating potato disease worldwide. Resistance gene (R)-based resistance to late blight is the most effective method to inhibit infection by the causal agent Phytophthora infestans. However, the limited availability of resistant potato varieties and the rapid loss of R resistance, caused by P. infestans virulence variability, make disease control rely on fungicide application. We employed an Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transient gene expression assay and effector biology approach to understand late blight resistance of Chinese varieties that showed years of promising field performance. We are particularly interested in PiAvr3aEM , the most common virulent allele of PiAvr3aKI that triggers a R3a-mediated hypersensitive response (HR) and late blight resistance. Through our significantly improved A. tumefaciens-mediated transient gene expression assay in potato using cultured seedlings, we characterized two dominant potato varieties, Qingshu9 and Longshu7, in China by transient expression of P. infestans effector genes. Transient expression of 10 known avirulence genes showed that PiAvr4 and PiAvr8 (PiAvrsmira2) could induce HR in Qingshu9, and PiAvrvnt1.1 in Longshu7, respectively. Our study also indicated that PiAvr3aEM is recognized by these two potato varieties, and is likely involved in their significant field performance of late blight resistance. The identification of natural resistance mediated by PiAvr3aEM recognition in Qingshu9 and Longshu7 will facilitate breeding for improved potato resistance against P. infestans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S. M. Elnahal
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Plant Pathology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Jinyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xiaoxia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Chenyao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Guohong Wen
- Institute of Potato Research, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Qinghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xining, China
| | | | - Yuling Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Weixing Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- *Correspondence: Weixing Shan,
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16
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Betts SD, Basu S, Bolar J, Booth R, Chang S, Cigan AM, Farrell J, Gao H, Harkins K, Kinney A, Lenderts B, Li Z, Liu L, McEnany M, Mutti J, Peterson D, Sander JD, Scelonge C, Sopko X, Stucker D, Wu E, Chilcoat ND. Uniform Expression and Relatively Small Position Effects Characterize Sister Transformants in Maize and Soybean. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1209. [PMID: 31708936 PMCID: PMC6821721 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Development of transgenic cell lines or organisms for industrial, agricultural, or medicinal applications involves inserting DNA into the target genome in a way that achieves efficacious transgene expression without a deleterious impact on fitness. The genomic insertion site is widely recognized as an important determinant of success. However, the effect of chromosomal location on transgene expression and fitness has not been systematically investigated in plants. Here we evaluate the importance of transgene insertion site in maize and soybean using both random and site-specific transgene integration. We have compared the relative contribution of genomic location on transgene expression levels with other factors, including cis-regulatory elements, neighboring transgenes, genetic background, and zygosity. As expected, cis-regulatory elements and the presence/absence of nearby transgene neighbors can impact transgene expression. Surprisingly, we determined not only that genomic location had the least impact on transgene expression compared to the other factors that were investigated but that the majority of insertion sites recovered supported transgene expression levels that were statistically not distinguishable. All 68 genomic sites evaluated were capable of supporting high-level transgene expression, which was also consistent across generations. Furthermore, multilocation field evaluation detected no to little decrease in agronomic performance as a result of transgene insertion at the vast majority of sites we evaluated with a single construct in five maize hybrid backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joy Bolar
- Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, IA, United States
| | - Russ Booth
- Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, IA, United States
| | - Shujun Chang
- Benson Hill Biosystems, Inc. St. Louis, MO, United States
| | | | | | - Huirong Gao
- Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, IA, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Lu Liu
- Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, IA, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Chris Scelonge
- KWS Gateway Research Center, LLC, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Xiaoyi Sopko
- Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, IA, United States
| | - Dave Stucker
- Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, IA, United States
| | - Emily Wu
- Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, IA, United States
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17
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Anand A, Wu E, Li Z, TeRonde S, Arling M, Lenderts B, Mutti JS, Gordon‐Kamm W, Jones TJ, Chilcoat ND. High efficiency Agrobacterium-mediated site-specific gene integration in maize utilizing the FLP-FRT recombination system. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2019; 17:1636-1645. [PMID: 30706638 PMCID: PMC6662307 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
An efficient Agrobacterium-mediated site-specific integration (SSI) technology using the flipase/flipase recognition target (FLP/FRT) system in elite maize inbred lines is described. The system allows precise integration of a single copy of a donor DNA flanked by heterologous FRT sites into a predefined recombinant target line (RTL) containing the corresponding heterologous FRT sites. A promoter-trap system consisting of a pre-integrated promoter followed by an FRT site enables efficient selection of events. The efficiency of this system is dependent on several factors including Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain, expression of morphogenic genes Babyboom (Bbm) and Wuschel2 (Wus2) and choice of heterologous FRT pairs. Of the Agrobacterium strains tested, strain AGL1 resulted in higher transformation frequency than strain LBA4404 THY- (0.27% vs. 0.05%; per cent of infected embryos producing events). The addition of morphogenic genes increased transformation frequency (2.65% in AGL1; 0.65% in LBA4404 THY-). Following further optimization, including the choice of FRT pairs, a method was developed that achieved 19%-22.5% transformation frequency. Importantly, >50% of T0 transformants contain the desired full-length site-specific insertion. The frequencies reported here establish a new benchmark for generating targeted quality events compatible with commercial product development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajith Anand
- Agricultural Division of Dow DuPontCorteva Agriscience™JohnstonIAUSA
| | - Emily Wu
- Agricultural Division of Dow DuPontCorteva Agriscience™JohnstonIAUSA
| | - Zhi Li
- Agricultural Division of Dow DuPontCorteva Agriscience™JohnstonIAUSA
| | - Sue TeRonde
- Agricultural Division of Dow DuPontCorteva Agriscience™JohnstonIAUSA
| | - Maren Arling
- Agricultural Division of Dow DuPontCorteva Agriscience™JohnstonIAUSA
| | - Brian Lenderts
- Agricultural Division of Dow DuPontCorteva Agriscience™JohnstonIAUSA
| | - Jasdeep S. Mutti
- Agricultural Division of Dow DuPontCorteva Agriscience™JohnstonIAUSA
| | | | - Todd J. Jones
- Agricultural Division of Dow DuPontCorteva Agriscience™JohnstonIAUSA
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18
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Liu L, Schepers E, Lum A, Rice J, Yalpani N, Gerber R, Jiménez-Juárez N, Haile F, Pascual A, Barry J, Qi X, Kassa A, Heckert MJ, Xie W, Ding C, Oral J, Nguyen M, Le J, Procyk L, Diehn SH, Crane VC, Damude H, Pilcher C, Booth R, Liu L, Zhu G, Nowatzki TM, Nelson ME, Lu AL, Wu G. Identification and Evaluations of Novel Insecticidal Proteins from Plants of the Class Polypodiopsida for Crop Protection against Key Lepidopteran Pests. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:E383. [PMID: 31266212 PMCID: PMC6669613 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11070383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Various lepidopteran insects are responsible for major crop losses worldwide. Although crop plant varieties developed to express Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) proteins are effective at controlling damage from key lepidopteran pests, some insect populations have evolved to be insensitive to certain Bt proteins. Here, we report the discovery of a family of homologous proteins, two of which we have designated IPD083Aa and IPD083Cb, which are from Adiantum spp. Both proteins share no known peptide domains, sequence motifs, or signatures with other proteins. Transgenic soybean or corn plants expressing either IPD083Aa or IPD083Cb, respectively, show protection from feeding damage by several key pests under field conditions. The results from comparative studies with major Bt proteins currently deployed in transgenic crops indicate that the IPD083 proteins function by binding to different target sites. These results indicate that IPD083Aa and IPD083Cb can serve as alternatives to traditional Bt-based insect control traits with potential to counter insect resistance to Bt proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- Corteva Agriscience, Hayward, CA 94545, USA
| | | | - Amy Lum
- Corteva Agriscience, Hayward, CA 94545, USA
| | - Janet Rice
- Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, IA 50131, USA
| | | | - Ryan Gerber
- Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, IA 50131, USA
| | | | - Fikru Haile
- Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, IA 50131, USA
| | | | | | - Xiuli Qi
- Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, IA 50131, USA
| | - Adane Kassa
- Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, IA 50131, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - James Le
- Corteva Agriscience, Hayward, CA 94545, USA
| | - Lisa Procyk
- Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, IA 50131, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Russ Booth
- Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, IA 50131, USA
| | - Lu Liu
- Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, IA 50131, USA
| | - Genhai Zhu
- Corteva Agriscience, Hayward, CA 94545, USA
| | | | | | - Albert L Lu
- Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, IA 50131, USA
| | - Gusui Wu
- Corteva Agriscience, Hayward, CA 94545, USA
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19
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Kausch AP, Nelson-Vasilchik K, Hague J, Mookkan M, Quemada H, Dellaporta S, Fragoso C, Zhang ZJ. Edit at will: Genotype independent plant transformation in the era of advanced genomics and genome editing. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 281:186-205. [PMID: 30824051 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The combination of advanced genomics, genome editing and plant transformation biology presents a powerful platform for basic plant research and crop improvement. Together these advances provide the tools to identify genes as targets for direct editing as single base pair changes, deletions, insertions and site specific homologous recombination. Recent breakthrough technologies using morphogenic regulators in plant transformation creates the ability to introduce reagents specific toward their identified targets and recover stably transformed and/or edited plants which are genotype independent. These technologies enable the possibility to alter a trait in any variety, without genetic disruption which would require subsequent extensive breeding, but rather to deliver the same variety with one trait changed. Regulatory issues regarding this technology will predicate how broadly these technologies will be implemented. In addition, education will play a crucial role for positive public acceptance. Taken together these technologies comprise a platform for advanced breeding which is an imperative for future world food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert P Kausch
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Rhode Island, RI 02892, USA.
| | | | - Joel Hague
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Rhode Island, RI 02892, USA
| | - Muruganantham Mookkan
- Plant Transformation Core Facility, Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | | | - Stephen Dellaporta
- Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Verinomics Inc., New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | | | - Zhanyuan J Zhang
- Plant Transformation Core Facility, Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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20
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Duan X, Zheng L, Sun J, Liu W, Wang W, An H. Co-culturing on dry filter paper significantly increased the efficiency of Agrobacterium-mediated transformations of maize immature embryos. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 25:549-560. [PMID: 30956435 PMCID: PMC6419711 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-018-00641-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In the Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformations of maize immature embryos (IEs), the common co-culturing media used are MS or N6-based (MC). Here, we used a novel co-culturing method in which maize 'Qi319' IEs inoculated with Agrobacterium-harboring target vector were placed on dry filter paper (DC) in a petri dish. To compare the effects of the DC and MC co-culturing methods on transformation efficiency, we designed three experiments: (1) A. tumefaciens strain AGL1 independently carrying two plasmids, pXQD12 and pXQD70; (2) two A. tumefaciens strains, AGL1 and EHA105, carrying pXQD12; and (3) strains AGL1 and EHA105 each independently inoculated with pXQD12 and pXQD70 for different infiltration periods, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 min. We used A. tumefaciens to inoculate IEs derived from maize ears 9-15 d after pollination, and then IEs were placed in petri dishes for co-culturing. The DC treatment significantly increased the percentage of IEs expressing green fluorescence protein (%GFP), indicating positive transformants. DC-treated IEs had ~ 3 to 4 times the %GFP compared with MC-treated IEs at 8 d after inoculation (3 d co-culture and 5 d restoration). The average regeneration frequency (%GFP positive regenerated calli of infected IEs) and stable transformation frequency (%GFP positive T0 plants of infected IEs) significantly increased with the DC treatment. Thus, the DC method may be used to develop a more efficient Agrobacterium-mediated transformation method for maize IEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqing Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 People’s Republic of China
| | - Liru Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinhao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenbo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenqian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 People’s Republic of China
| | - Hailong An
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 People’s Republic of China
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21
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Anand A, Che P, Wu E, Jones TJ. Novel Ternary Vectors for Efficient Sorghum Transformation. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1931:185-196. [PMID: 30652291 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9039-9_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Sorghum has been considered a recalcitrant crop for tissue culture and genetic transformation. A breakthrough in Agrobacterium-mediated sorghum transformation was achieved with the use of super-binary cointegrate vectors based on plasmid pSB1. However, even with pSB1, transformation capability was restricted to certain sorghum genotypes, excluding most of the important African sorghum varieties. We recently developed a ternary vector system incorporating the pVIR accessory plasmid. The ternary vector system not only doubled the transformation frequency (TF) in Tx430, but also extended the transformation capability into an important African sorghum elite variety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajith Anand
- Corteva Agriscience™, Agriculture Division of DowDuPont™, Johnston, IA, USA.
| | - Ping Che
- Corteva Agriscience™, Agriculture Division of DowDuPont™, Johnston, IA, USA
| | - Emily Wu
- Corteva Agriscience™, Agriculture Division of DowDuPont™, Johnston, IA, USA
| | - Todd J Jones
- Corteva Agriscience™, Agriculture Division of DowDuPont™, Johnston, IA, USA
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22
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Abstract
The application of CRISPR/Cas to introduce targeted genomic edits is powering research and discovery across the genetic frontier. Applying CRISPR/Cas in sorghum can facilitate the study of gene function and unlock our understanding of this robust crop that serves as a staple for some of the most food insecure regions on the planet. When paired with recent advances in sorghum tissue culture and Agrobacteria technology, CRISPR/Cas can be used to introduce desirable changes and natural genetic variations directly into agriculturally relevant sorghum lines facilitating product development. This chapter describes CRISPR/Cas gene editing and provides high-level strategies and expectations for applying this technology using Agrobacterium in sorghum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffry D Sander
- Corteva Agriscience™, Agriculture Division of DowDuPont™, Johnston, IA, USA.
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23
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Shi J, Drummond BJ, Habben JE, Brugire N, Weers BP, Hakimi SM, Lafitte HR, Schussler JR, Mo H, Beatty M, Zastrow-Hayes G, O'Neill D. Ectopic expression of ARGOS8 reveals a role for ethylene in root-lodging resistance in maize. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 97:378-390. [PMID: 30326542 PMCID: PMC7379592 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Ethylene plays a critical role in many diverse processes in plant development. Recent studies have demonstrated that overexpression of the maize ARGOS8 gene reduces the plant's response to ethylene by decreasing ethylene signaling and enhances grain yield in transgenic maize plants. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of ethylene on the development of nodal roots, which are primarily responsible for root-lodging resistance in maize. Exogenous application of the ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) was found to promote the emergence of nodal roots. Transcriptome analysis of nodal tissues revealed that the expression of genes involved in metabolic processes and cell wall biogenesis was upregulated in response to ACC treatment, supporting the notion that ethylene is a positive regulator for the outgrowth of young root primordia. In BSV::ARGOS8 transgenic plants with reduced ethylene sensitivity due to constitutive overexpression of ARGOS8, nodal root emergence was delayed and the promotional effect of ACC on nodal root emergence decreased. Field tests showed that the BSV::ARGOS8 plants had higher root lodging relative to non-transgenic controls. When ARGOS8 expression was controlled by the developmentally regulated promoter FTM1, which conferred ARGOS8 overexpression in adult plants but not in the nodal roots and nodes in juvenile plants, the FTM1::ARGOS8 plants had no significant difference in root lodging compared with the wild type but produced a higher grain yield. These results suggest that ethylene has a role in promoting nodal root emergence and that a delay in nodal root development has a negative effect on root-lodging resistance in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinrui Shi
- Corteva Agriscience, Agriculture Division of DowDuPont, 7300 NW 62nd Avenue, Johnston, IA, 50131, USA
| | - Bruce J Drummond
- Corteva Agriscience, Agriculture Division of DowDuPont, 7300 NW 62nd Avenue, Johnston, IA, 50131, USA
| | - Jeffrey E Habben
- Corteva Agriscience, Agriculture Division of DowDuPont, 7300 NW 62nd Avenue, Johnston, IA, 50131, USA
| | - Norbert Brugire
- Corteva Agriscience, Agriculture Division of DowDuPont, 7300 NW 62nd Avenue, Johnston, IA, 50131, USA
| | - Ben P Weers
- Corteva Agriscience, Agriculture Division of DowDuPont, 7300 NW 62nd Avenue, Johnston, IA, 50131, USA
| | - Salim M Hakimi
- Corteva Agriscience, Agriculture Division of DowDuPont, 7300 NW 62nd Avenue, Johnston, IA, 50131, USA
| | - H Renee Lafitte
- Corteva Agriscience, Agriculture Division of DowDuPont, 7300 NW 62nd Avenue, Johnston, IA, 50131, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Schussler
- Corteva Agriscience, Agriculture Division of DowDuPont, 7300 NW 62nd Avenue, Johnston, IA, 50131, USA
| | - Hua Mo
- Corteva Agriscience, Agriculture Division of DowDuPont, 7300 NW 62nd Avenue, Johnston, IA, 50131, USA
| | - Mary Beatty
- Corteva Agriscience, Agriculture Division of DowDuPont, 7300 NW 62nd Avenue, Johnston, IA, 50131, USA
| | - Gina Zastrow-Hayes
- Corteva Agriscience, Agriculture Division of DowDuPont, 7300 NW 62nd Avenue, Johnston, IA, 50131, USA
| | - Dennis O'Neill
- Corteva Agriscience, Agriculture Division of DowDuPont, 7300 NW 62nd Avenue, Johnston, IA, 50131, USA
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24
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Anand A, Bass SH, Wu E, Wang N, McBride KE, Annaluru N, Miller M, Hua M, Jones TJ. An improved ternary vector system for Agrobacterium-mediated rapid maize transformation. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 97:187-200. [PMID: 29687284 PMCID: PMC5945794 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-018-0732-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A simple and versatile ternary vector system that utilizes improved accessory plasmids for rapid maize transformation is described. This system facilitates high-throughput vector construction and plant transformation. The super binary plasmid pSB1 is a mainstay of maize transformation. However, the large size of the base vector makes it challenging to clone, the process of co-integration is cumbersome and inefficient, and some Agrobacterium strains are known to give rise to spontaneous mutants resistant to tetracycline. These limitations present substantial barriers to high throughput vector construction. Here we describe a smaller, simpler and versatile ternary vector system for maize transformation that utilizes improved accessory plasmids requiring no co-integration step. In addition, the newly described accessory plasmids have restored virulence genes found to be defective in pSB1, as well as added virulence genes. Testing of different configurations of the accessory plasmids in combination with T-DNA binary vector as ternary vectors nearly doubles both the raw transformation frequency and the number of transformation events of usable quality in difficult-to-transform maize inbreds. The newly described ternary vectors enabled the development of a rapid maize transformation method for elite inbreds. This vector system facilitated screening different origins of replication on the accessory plasmid and T-DNA vector, and four combinations were identified that have high (86-103%) raw transformation frequency in an elite maize inbred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajith Anand
- Corteva Agriscience™, Agriculture Division of DowDuPont™, 8305 NW 62nd Avenue, Johnston, IA 50131 USA
| | - Steven H. Bass
- Corteva Agriscience™, Agriculture Division of DowDuPont™, 4010 Point Eden Way, Hayward, CA 94545 USA
| | - Emily Wu
- Corteva Agriscience™, Agriculture Division of DowDuPont™, 8305 NW 62nd Avenue, Johnston, IA 50131 USA
| | - Ning Wang
- Corteva Agriscience™, Agriculture Division of DowDuPont™, 8305 NW 62nd Avenue, Johnston, IA 50131 USA
| | - Kevin E. McBride
- Corteva Agriscience™, Agriculture Division of DowDuPont™, 4010 Point Eden Way, Hayward, CA 94545 USA
| | - Narayana Annaluru
- Corteva Agriscience™, Agriculture Division of DowDuPont™, 8305 NW 62nd Avenue, Johnston, IA 50131 USA
| | - Michael Miller
- Corteva Agriscience™, Agriculture Division of DowDuPont™, 8305 NW 62nd Avenue, Johnston, IA 50131 USA
- Present Address: 1969 West Grand Canyon Drive, Chandler, AZ 85248 USA
| | - Mo Hua
- Corteva Agriscience™, Agriculture Division of DowDuPont™, 8305 NW 62nd Avenue, Johnston, IA 50131 USA
| | - Todd J. Jones
- Corteva Agriscience™, Agriculture Division of DowDuPont™, 8305 NW 62nd Avenue, Johnston, IA 50131 USA
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25
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Wei J, O'Rear J, Schellenberger U, Rosen BA, Park Y, McDonald MJ, Zhu G, Xie W, Kassa A, Procyk L, Perez Ortega C, Zhao J, Yalpani N, Crane VC, Diehn SH, Sandahl GA, Nelson ME, Lu AL, Wu G, Liu L. A selective insecticidal protein from Pseudomonas mosselii for corn rootworm control. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2018; 16:649-659. [PMID: 28796437 PMCID: PMC5787824 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The coleopteran insect western corn rootworm (WCR, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) is an economically important pest in North America and Europe. Transgenic corn plants producing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) insecticidal proteins have been useful against this devastating pest, but evolution of resistance has reduced their efficacy. Here, we report the discovery of a novel insecticidal protein, PIP-47Aa, from an isolate of Pseudomonas mosselii. PIP-47Aa sequence shows no shared motifs, domains or signatures with other known proteins. Recombinant PIP-47Aa kills WCR, two other corn rootworm pests (Diabrotica barberi and Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) and two other beetle species (Diabrotica speciosa and Phyllotreta cruciferae), but it was not toxic to the spotted lady beetle (Coleomegilla maculata) or seven species of Lepidoptera and Hemiptera. Transgenic corn plants expressing PIP-47Aa show significant protection from root damage by WCR. PIP-47Aa kills a WCR strain resistant to mCry3A and does not share rootworm midgut binding sites with mCry3A or AfIP-1A/1B from Alcaligenes that acts like Cry34Ab1/Cry35Ab1. Our results indicate that PIP-47Aa is a novel insecticidal protein for controlling the corn rootworm pests.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ute Schellenberger
- DuPont PioneerHaywardCAUSA
- Present address:
TeneoBio Inc.1490 O'Brien DriveMenlo ParkCA94025USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lu Liu
- DuPont PioneerHaywardCAUSA
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26
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Zhong H, Elumalai S, Nalapalli S, Richbourg L, Prairie A, Bradley D, Dong S, Su XJ, Gu W, Strebe T, Shi L, Que Q. Advances in Agrobacterium-mediated Maize Transformation. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1676:41-59. [PMID: 28986903 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7315-6_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
One of the major limitations of maize transformation is the isolation of a large number of immature embryos using the time-consuming manual extraction method. In this article, we describe a novel bulk embryo extraction method for fast isolation of a large number of embryos suitable for both biolistic- and Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Optimal gene delivery and tissue culture conditions are also described for achieving high efficiency in Agrobacterium-mediated maize transformation using phosphomannose isomerase (PMI) as a selectable marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Zhong
- Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC, 9 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Sivamani Elumalai
- Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC, 9 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Samson Nalapalli
- Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC, 9 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Lee Richbourg
- Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC, 9 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Anna Prairie
- Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC, 9 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27709, USA
| | - David Bradley
- Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC, 9 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Shujie Dong
- Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC, 9 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Xiujuan Jenny Su
- Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC, 9 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Weining Gu
- Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC, 9 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Tim Strebe
- Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC, 9 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Liang Shi
- Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC, 9 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Qiudeng Que
- Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC, 9 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27709, USA.
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27
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Advancing Agrobacterium-Based Crop Transformation and Genome Modification Technology for Agricultural Biotechnology. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2018; 418:489-507. [PMID: 29959543 DOI: 10.1007/82_2018_97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The last decade has seen significant strides in Agrobacterium-mediated plant transformation technology. This has not only expanded the number of crop species that can be transformed by Agrobacterium, but has also made it possible to routinely transform several recalcitrant crop species including cereals (e.g., maize, sorghum, and wheat). However, the technology is limited by the random nature of DNA insertions, genotype dependency, low frequency of quality events, and variation in gene expression arising from genomic insertion sites. A majority of these deficiencies have now been addressed by improving the frequency of quality events, developing genotype-independent transformation capability in maize, developing an Agrobacterium-based site-specific integration technology for precise gene targeting, and adopting Agrobacterium-delivered CRISPR-Cas genes for gene editing. These improved transformation technologies are discussed in detail in this chapter.
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28
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Niu X, Kassa A, Hu X, Robeson J, McMahon M, Richtman NM, Steimel JP, Kernodle BM, Crane VC, Sandahl G, Ritland JL, Presnail JK, Lu AL, Wu G. Control of Western Corn Rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) Reproduction through Plant-Mediated RNA Interference. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12591. [PMID: 28974735 PMCID: PMC5626700 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12638-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) in transgenic maize has recently emerged as an alternative mode of action for western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) control which can be combined with protein-based rootworm control options for improved root protection and resistance management. Currently, transgenic RNAi-based control has focused on suppression of genes that when silenced lead to larval mortality. We investigated control of western corn rootworm reproduction through RNAi by targeting two reproductive genes, dvvgr and dvbol, with the goal of reducing insect fecundity as a new tool for pest management. The results demonstrated that exposure of adult beetles, as well as larvae to dvvgr or dvbol dsRNA in artificial diet, caused reduction of fecundity. Furthermore, western corn rootworm beetles that emerged from larval feeding on transgenic maize roots expressing dvbol dsRNA also showed significant fecundity reduction. This is the first report of reduction of insect reproductive fitness through plant-mediated RNAi, demonstrating the feasibility of reproductive RNAi as a management tool for western corn rootworm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiping Niu
- DuPont Pioneer, 7300 NW 62nd Ave., Johnston, IA, USA
| | - Adane Kassa
- DuPont Pioneer, 7300 NW 62nd Ave., Johnston, IA, USA
| | - Xu Hu
- DuPont Pioneer, 7300 NW 62nd Ave., Johnston, IA, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gary Sandahl
- DuPont Pioneer, 7300 NW 62nd Ave., Johnston, IA, USA
| | | | - James K Presnail
- DuPont Pioneer, 7300 NW 62nd Ave., Johnston, IA, USA.,Evogene Ltd, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Albert L Lu
- DuPont Pioneer, 7300 NW 62nd Ave., Johnston, IA, USA
| | - Gusui Wu
- DuPont Pioneer, 7300 NW 62nd Ave., Johnston, IA, USA
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29
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Niu X, Kassa A, Hu X, Robeson J, McMahon M, Richtman NM, Steimel JP, Kernodle BM, Crane VC, Sandahl G, Ritland JL, Presnail JK, Lu AL, Wu G. Control of Western Corn Rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) Reproduction through Plant-Mediated RNA Interference. Sci Rep 2017. [PMID: 28974735 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12638-12633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) in transgenic maize has recently emerged as an alternative mode of action for western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) control which can be combined with protein-based rootworm control options for improved root protection and resistance management. Currently, transgenic RNAi-based control has focused on suppression of genes that when silenced lead to larval mortality. We investigated control of western corn rootworm reproduction through RNAi by targeting two reproductive genes, dvvgr and dvbol, with the goal of reducing insect fecundity as a new tool for pest management. The results demonstrated that exposure of adult beetles, as well as larvae to dvvgr or dvbol dsRNA in artificial diet, caused reduction of fecundity. Furthermore, western corn rootworm beetles that emerged from larval feeding on transgenic maize roots expressing dvbol dsRNA also showed significant fecundity reduction. This is the first report of reduction of insect reproductive fitness through plant-mediated RNAi, demonstrating the feasibility of reproductive RNAi as a management tool for western corn rootworm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiping Niu
- DuPont Pioneer, 7300 NW 62nd Ave., Johnston, IA, USA
| | - Adane Kassa
- DuPont Pioneer, 7300 NW 62nd Ave., Johnston, IA, USA
| | - Xu Hu
- DuPont Pioneer, 7300 NW 62nd Ave., Johnston, IA, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gary Sandahl
- DuPont Pioneer, 7300 NW 62nd Ave., Johnston, IA, USA
| | | | - James K Presnail
- DuPont Pioneer, 7300 NW 62nd Ave., Johnston, IA, USA
- Evogene Ltd, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Albert L Lu
- DuPont Pioneer, 7300 NW 62nd Ave., Johnston, IA, USA
| | - Gusui Wu
- DuPont Pioneer, 7300 NW 62nd Ave., Johnston, IA, USA
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30
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Mookkan M, Nelson-Vasilchik K, Hague J, Zhang ZJ, Kausch AP. Selectable marker independent transformation of recalcitrant maize inbred B73 and sorghum P898012 mediated by morphogenic regulators BABY BOOM and WUSCHEL2. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2017; 36:1477-1491. [PMID: 28681159 PMCID: PMC5565672 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-017-2169-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Discriminatory co-expression of maize BBM and WUS transcriptional factor genes promoted somatic embryogenesis and efficient Agrobacterium -mediated transformation of recalcitrant maize inbred B73 and sorghum P898012 genotypes without use of a selectable marker gene. The use of morphogenic regulators to overcome barriers in plant transformation is a revolutionary breakthrough for basic plant science and crop applications. Current standard plant transformation systems are bottlenecks for genetic, genomic, and crop improvement studies. We investigated the differential use of co-expression of maize transcription factors BABY BOOM and WUSCHEL2 coupled with a desiccation inducible CRE/lox excision system to enable regeneration of stable transgenic recalcitrant maize inbred B73 and sorghum P898012 without a chemical selectable marker. The PHP78891 expression cassette contains CRE driven by the drought inducible maize RAB17M promoter with lox P sites which bracket the CRE, WUS, and BBM genes. A constitutive maize UBI M promoter directs a ZsGreen GFP expression cassette as a reporter outside of the excision sites and provides transient, transgenic, and developmental analysis. This was coupled with evidence for molecular integration and analysis of stable integration and desiccation inducible CRE-mediated excision. Agrobacterium-mediated transgenic introduction of this vector showed transient expression of GFP and induced somatic embryogenesis in maize B73 and sorghum P898012 explants. Subjection to desiccation stress in tissue culture enabled the excision of CRE, WUS, and BBM, leaving the UBI M::GFP cassette and allowing subsequent plant regeneration and GFP expression analysis. Stable GFP expression was observed in the early and late somatic embryos, young shoots, vegetative plant organs, and pollen. Transgene integration and expression of GFP positive T0 plants were also analyzed using PCR and Southern blots. Progeny segregation analysis of primary events confirmed correlation between functional GFP expression and presence of the GFP transgene in T1 plants generated from self pollinations, indicating good transgene inheritance. This study confirms and extends the use of morphogenic regulators to overcome transformation barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muruganantham Mookkan
- Plant Transformation Core Facility, Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, 1-33 Agriculture Building, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Kimberly Nelson-Vasilchik
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Rhode Island, 530 Liberty Lane, West Kingston, RI, 02892, USA
| | - Joel Hague
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Rhode Island, 530 Liberty Lane, West Kingston, RI, 02892, USA
| | - Zhanyuan J Zhang
- Plant Transformation Core Facility, Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, 1-33 Agriculture Building, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
| | - Albert P Kausch
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Rhode Island, 530 Liberty Lane, West Kingston, RI, 02892, USA.
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31
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Yalpani N, Altier D, Barry J, Kassa A, Nowatzki TM, Sethi A, Zhao JZ, Diehn S, Crane V, Sandahl G, Guan R, Poland B, Perez Ortega C, Nelson ME, Xie W, Liu L, Wu G. An Alcaligenes strain emulates Bacillus thuringiensis producing a binary protein that kills corn rootworm through a mechanism similar to Cry34Ab1/Cry35Ab1. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3063. [PMID: 28596570 PMCID: PMC5465095 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03544-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Crops expressing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)-derived insecticidal protein genes have been commercially available for over 15 years and are providing significant value to growers. However, there remains the need for alternative insecticidal actives due to emerging insect resistance to certain Bt proteins. A screen of bacterial strains led to the discovery of a two-component insecticidal protein named AfIP-1A/1B from an Alcaligenes faecalis strain. This protein shows selectivity against coleopteran insects including western corn rootworm (WCR). Transgenic maize plants expressing AfIP-1A/1B demonstrate strong protection from rootworm injury. Surprisingly, although little sequence similarity exists to known insecticidal proteins, efficacy tests using WCR populations resistant to two different Cry proteins show that AfIP-1A/1B and mCry3A differ in their mode of action while AfIP-1A/1B and the binary Cry34Ab1/Cry35Ab1 protein share a similar mode. These findings are supported by results of competitive binding assays and the similarity of the x-ray structure of AfIP-1A to Cry34Ab1. Our work indicates that insecticidal proteins obtained from a non-Bt bacterial source can be useful for developing genetically modified crops and can function similarly to familiar proteins from Bt.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dan Altier
- DuPont Pioneer, Johnston, IA, 50131, USA
| | | | | | | | - Amit Sethi
- DuPont Pioneer, Johnston, IA, 50131, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Rongjin Guan
- Nexomics Biosciences, Bordentown, NJ, 08505, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Lu Liu
- DuPont Pioneer, Hayward, CA, 94545, USA
| | - Gusui Wu
- DuPont Pioneer, Johnston, IA, 50131, USA
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Ratanasut K, Rod-In W, Sujipuli K. In planta Agrobacterium -Mediated Transformation of Rice. RICE SCIENCE 2017; 24:181-186. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1016/j.rsci.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
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Zhang J, Yu D, Zhang Y, Liu K, Xu K, Zhang F, Wang J, Tan G, Nie X, Ji Q, Zhao L, Li C. Vacuum and Co-cultivation Agroinfiltration of (Germinated) Seeds Results in Tobacco Rattle Virus (TRV) Mediated Whole-Plant Virus-Induced Gene Silencing (VIGS) in Wheat and Maize. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:393. [PMID: 28382049 PMCID: PMC5360694 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco rattle virus (TRV)-mediated virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) has been frequently used in dicots. Here we show that it can also be used in monocots, by presenting a system involving use of a novel infiltration solution (containing acetosyringone, cysteine, and Tween 20) that enables whole-plant level VIGS of (germinated) seeds in wheat and maize. Using the established system, phytoene desaturase (PDS) genes were successfully silenced, resulting in typical photo-bleaching symptoms in the leaves of treated wheat and maize. In addition, three wheat homoeoalleles of MLO, a key gene repressing defense responses to powdery mildew in wheat, were simultaneously silenced in susceptible wheat with this system, resulting in it becoming resistant to powdery mildew. The system has the advantages generally associated with TRV-mediated VIGS systems (e.g., high-efficiency, mild virus infection symptoms, and effectiveness in different organs). However, it also has the following further advantages: (germinated) seed-stage agroinfiltration; greater rapidity and convenience; whole-plant level gene silencing; adequately stable transformation; and suitability for studying functions of genes involved in seed germination and early plant development stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal University, ZhoukouChina
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding and Bioreactor, ZhoukouChina
| | - Deshui Yu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal University, ZhoukouChina
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding and Bioreactor, ZhoukouChina
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal University, ZhoukouChina
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding and Bioreactor, ZhoukouChina
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, ZhengzhouChina
| | - Kun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal University, ZhoukouChina
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding and Bioreactor, ZhoukouChina
| | - Kedong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal University, ZhoukouChina
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding and Bioreactor, ZhoukouChina
| | - Fuli Zhang
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, ZhoukouChina
| | - Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal University, ZhoukouChina
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding and Bioreactor, ZhoukouChina
| | - Guangxuan Tan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal University, ZhoukouChina
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding and Bioreactor, ZhoukouChina
| | - Xianhui Nie
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal University, ZhoukouChina
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding and Bioreactor, ZhoukouChina
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, ZhoukouChina
| | - Qiaohua Ji
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal University, ZhoukouChina
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding and Bioreactor, ZhoukouChina
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, ZhoukouChina
| | - Lu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal University, ZhoukouChina
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding and Bioreactor, ZhoukouChina
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, ZhoukouChina
| | - Chengwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal University, ZhoukouChina
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding and Bioreactor, ZhoukouChina
- College of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, XinxiangChina
- *Correspondence: Chengwei Li,
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Abstract
Visualization of the intact embryo sac within the ovular/gynoecial tissues and clear identification of cell types can be logistically difficult and subject to interpretation. Cellular marker technologies have been available for the embryo sac, but have typically labeled only one cell type in a particular line. Here, we describe techniques for simultaneous labeling each cell type in the embryo sac and visualization methods for such in Arabidopsis, soybean, maize, and sorghum.
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Liu Y, Zhang Z, Fu J, Wang G, Wang J, Liu Y. Transcriptome Analysis of Maize Immature Embryos Reveals the Roles of Cysteine in Improving Agrobacterium Infection Efficiency. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1778. [PMID: 29089955 PMCID: PMC5651077 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Maize Agrobacterium-mediated transformation efficiency has been greatly improved in recent years. Antioxidants, such as, cysteine, can significantly improve maize transformation frequency through improving the Agrobacterium infection efficiency. However, the mechanism underlying the transformation improvement after cysteine exposure has not been elucidated. In this study, we showed that the addition of cysteine to the co-cultivation medium significantly increased the Agrobacterium infection efficiency of hybrid HiII and inbred line Z31 maize embryos. Reactive oxygen species contents were higher in embryos treated with cysteine than that without cysteine. We further investigated the mechanism behind cysteine-related infection efficiency increase using transcriptome analysis. The results showed that the cysteine treatment up-regulated 939 genes and down-regulated 549 genes in both Z31 and HiII. Additionally, more differentially expressed genes were found in HiII embryos than those in Z31 embryos, suggesting that HiII was more sensitive to the cysteine treatment than Z31. GO analysis showed that the up-regulated genes were mainly involved in the oxidation reduction process. The up-regulation of these genes could help maize embryos to cope with the oxidative stress stimulated by Agrobacterium infection. The down-regulated genes were mainly involved in the cell wall and membrane metabolism, such as, aquaporin and expansin genes. Decreased expression of these cell wall integrity genes could loosen the cell wall, thereby improving the entry of Agrobacterium into plant cells. This study offers insight into the role of cysteine in improving Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of maize immature embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junjie Fu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guoying Wang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jianhua Wang
| | - Yunjun Liu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Yunjun Liu
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Do PT, Lee H, Mookkan M, Folk WR, Zhang ZJ. Rapid and efficient Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) employing standard binary vectors and bar gene as a selectable marker. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2016; 35:2065-2076. [PMID: 27350252 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-016-2019-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A rapid and efficient Agrobacterium -mediated transformation system in sorghum has been developed employing standard binary vectors and bar gene as a selectable marker. Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) is an important food and biofuel crop worldwide, for which improvements in genetic transformation are needed to study its biology and facilitate agronomic and commercial improvement. Here, we report optimization of regeneration and transformation of public sorghum genotype P898012 using standard binary vectors and bar gene as a selectable marker. The tissue culture regeneration time frame has been reduced to 7-12 weeks with a yield of over 18 plants per callus, and the optimized transformation system employing Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain AGL1 and the bar with a MAS promoter achieved an average frequency over 14 %. Of randomly analyzed independent transgenic events, 40-50 % carry single copy of integrated T-DNA. Some independent transgenic events were derived from the same embryogenic callus lines, but a 3:1 Mendelian segregation ratio was found in all transgenic events with single copy as estimated by Southern blots. The system described here should facilitate studies of sorghum biology and agronomic improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phat T Do
- Plant Transformation Core Facility, Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, 1-33 Agriculture Building, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Hyeyoung Lee
- Plant Transformation Core Facility, Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, 1-33 Agriculture Building, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Muruganantham Mookkan
- Plant Transformation Core Facility, Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, 1-33 Agriculture Building, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - William R Folk
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Zhanyuan J Zhang
- Plant Transformation Core Facility, Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, 1-33 Agriculture Building, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
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37
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Schellenberger U, Oral J, Rosen BA, Wei JZ, Zhu G, Xie W, McDonald MJ, Cerf DC, Diehn SH, Crane VC, Sandahl GA, Zhao JZ, Nowatzki TM, Sethi A, Liu L, Pan Z, Wang Y, Lu AL, Wu G, Liu L. A selective insecticidal protein from Pseudomonas for controlling corn rootworms. Science 2016; 354:634-637. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aaf6056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Hu X, Richtman NM, Zhao JZ, Duncan KE, Niu X, Procyk LA, Oneal MA, Kernodle BM, Steimel JP, Crane VC, Sandahl G, Ritland JL, Howard RJ, Presnail JK, Lu AL, Wu G. Discovery of midgut genes for the RNA interference control of corn rootworm. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30542. [PMID: 27464714 PMCID: PMC4964579 DOI: 10.1038/srep30542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) is a promising new technology for corn rootworm control. This paper presents the discovery of new gene targets - dvssj1 and dvssj2, in western corn rootworm (WCR). Dvssj1 and dvssj2 are orthologs of the Drosophila genes snakeskin (ssk) and mesh, respectively. These genes encode membrane proteins associated with smooth septate junctions (SSJ) which are required for intestinal barrier function. Based on bioinformatics analysis, dvssj1 appears to be an arthropod-specific gene. Diet based insect feeding assays using double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) targeting dvssj1 and dvssj2 demonstrate targeted mRNA suppression, larval growth inhibition, and mortality. In RNAi treated WCR, injury to the midgut was manifested by "blebbing" of the midgut epithelium into the gut lumen. Ultrastructural examination of midgut epithelial cells revealed apoptosis and regenerative activities. Transgenic plants expressing dsRNA targeting dvssj1 show insecticidal activity and significant plant protection from WCR damage. The data indicate that dvssj1 and dvssj2 are effective gene targets for the control of WCR using RNAi technology, by apparent suppression of production of their respective smooth septate junction membrane proteins located within the intestinal lining, leading to growth inhibition and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Hu
- DuPont Pioneer, Johnston, IA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gusui Wu
- DuPont Pioneer, Johnston, IA, USA
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39
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Singh RK, Prasad M. Advances in Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated genetic transformation of graminaceous crops. PROTOPLASMA 2016; 253:691-707. [PMID: 26660352 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-015-0905-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Steady increase in global population poses several challenges to plant science research, including demand for increased crop productivity, grain yield, nutritional quality and improved tolerance to different environmental factors. Transgene-based approaches are promising to address these challenges by transferring potential candidate genes to host organisms through different strategies. Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer is one such strategy which is well known for enabling efficient gene transfer in both monocot and dicots. Due to its versatility, this technique underwent several advancements including development of improved in vitro plant regeneration system, co-cultivation and selection methods, and use of hyper-virulent strains of Agrobacterium tumefaciens harbouring super-binary vectors. The efficiency of this method has also been enhanced by the use of acetosyringone to induce the activity of vir genes, silver nitrate to reduce the Agrobacterium-induced necrosis and cysteine to avoid callus browning during co-cultivation. In the last two decades, extensive efforts have been invested towards achieving efficient Agrobacterium-mediated transformation in cereals. Though high-efficiency transformation systems have been developed for rice and maize, comparatively lesser progress has been reported in other graminaceous crops. In this context, the present review discusses the progress made in Agrobacterium-mediated transformation system in rice, maize, wheat, barley, sorghum, sugarcane, Brachypodium, millets, bioenergy and forage and turf grasses. In addition, it also provides an overview of the genes that have been recently transferred to these graminaceous crops using Agrobacterium, bottlenecks in this technique and future possibilities for crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshan Kumar Singh
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, JNU Campus, New Delhi, 110 067, India
| | - Manoj Prasad
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, JNU Campus, New Delhi, 110 067, India.
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40
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Wang R, Yang X, Wang N, Liu X, Nelson RS, Li W, Fan Z, Zhou T. An efficient virus-induced gene silencing vector for maize functional genomics research. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 86:102-15. [PMID: 26921244 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Maize is a major crop whose rich genetic diversity provides an advanced resource for genetic research. However, a tool for rapid transient gene function analysis in maize that may be utilized in most maize cultivars has been lacking, resulting in reliance on time-consuming stable transformation and mutation studies to obtain answers. We developed an efficient virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) vector for maize based on a naturally maize-infecting cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) strain, ZMBJ-CMV. An infectious clone of ZMBJ-CMV was constructed, and a vascular puncture inoculation method utilizing Agrobacterium was optimized to improve its utility for CMV infection of maize. ZMBJ-CMV was then modified to function as a VIGS vector. The ZMBJ-CMV vector induced mild to moderate symptoms in many maize lines, making it useful for gene function studies in critically important maize cultivars, such as the sequenced reference inbred line B73. Using this CMV VIGS system, expression of two endogenous genes, ZmPDS and ZmIspH, was found to be decreased by 75% and 78%, respectively, compared with non-silenced tissue. Inserts with lengths of 100-300 bp produced the most complete transcriptional and visual silencing phenotypes. Moreover, genes related to autophagy, ZmATG3 and ZmATG8a, were also silenced, and it was found that they function in leaf starch degradation. These results indicate that our ZMBJ-CMV VIGS vector provides a tool for rapid and efficient gene function studies in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology and Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xinxin Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology and Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Nian Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology and Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xuedong Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology and Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Richard S Nelson
- Plant Biology Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation Inc., 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK 73401, USA
| | - Weimin Li
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 South Zhongguancun Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zaifeng Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology and Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology and Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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41
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Abstract
Maize has a long history of genetic and genomic tool development and is considered one of the most accessible higher plant systems. With a fully sequenced genome, a suite of cytogenetic tools, methods for both forward and reverse genetics, and characterized phenotype markers, maize is amenable to studying questions beyond plant biology. Major discoveries in the areas of transposons, imprinting, and chromosome biology came from work in maize. Moving forward in the post-genomic era, this classic model system will continue to be at the forefront of basic biological study. In this review, we outline the basics of working with maize and describe its rich genetic toolbox.
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Enhancing T-DNA Transfer Efficiency in Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Cells Using Extracellular Cellulose and Lectin. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 176:1203-16. [PMID: 25935223 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1640-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A major limitation of transforming barley tissues by Agrobacterium tumefaciens is the low frequency of T-DNA transfer due to recalcitrance of barley as a host. The effect of extracellular cellulose and lectin on Agrobacterium transformation efficiency was investigated in this study. Barley callus cultures were transformed with the AGL1 strain containing the vector pBI121 in the presence of 10 mg mL(-1) cellulose or 0.001, 0.05 and 0.1 mg mL(-1) lectin. Addition of cellulose significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased the number of GUS spots by 50 % compared to standard conditions in the presence of only 200 μM acetosyringone (AS). Frequency of G418-resistant aggregates on the surfaces of callus cultures was 29 and 71.5 %, following AS and AS + cellulose treatments, respectively, after 4 weeks of selection. Presence of 0.05 or 0.1 mg mL(-1) lectin also increased the number of GUS spots and frequency of G418-resistant cells in the selection period, but the increase in blue spots was not significant. We examined the effect of lectin and cellulose on bacterial attachment to callus tissues. Both cellulose and lectin were found to have a significant positive effect on the numbers of bacteria attached to barley callus. Epifluorescence microscopy revealed that Agrobacterium cells had accumulated in the scaffolds of irregular fibrous cellulose with a mean particle size of 200 μm. Expression of nptII in transformed callus lines confirmed the stable transformation of the gene. Our study showed for the first time the binding of Agrobacterium cells to fibrous cellulose and also demonstrated how polysaccharides and glycoproteins can be used to improve T-DNA transfer in monocotyledon transformation procedures.
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Zhi L, TeRonde S, Meyer S, Arling ML, Register JC, Zhao ZY, Jones TJ, Anand A. Effect of Agrobacterium strain and plasmid copy number on transformation frequency, event quality and usable event quality in an elite maize cultivar. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2015; 34:745-54. [PMID: 25558819 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-014-1734-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Improving Agrobacterium -mediated transformation frequency and event quality by increasing binary plasmid copy number and appropriate strain selection is reported in an elite maize cultivar. Agrobacterium-mediated maize transformation is a well-established method for gene testing and for introducing useful traits in a commercial biotech product pipeline. To develop a highly efficient maize transformation system, we investigated the effect of two Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains and three different binary plasmid origins of replication (ORI) on transformation frequency, vector backbone insertion, single copy event frequency (percentage of events which are single copy for all transgenes), quality event frequency (percentage of single copy events with no vector backbone insertions among all events generated; QE) and usable event quality frequency (transformation frequency times QE frequency; UE) in an elite maize cultivar PHR03. Agrobacterium strain AGL0 gave a higher transformation frequency, but a reduced QE frequency than LBA4404 due to a higher number of vector backbone insertions. Higher binary plasmid copy number positively correlated with transformation frequency and usable event recovery. The above findings can be exploited to develop high-throughput transformation protocols, improve the quality of transgenic events in maize and other plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhi
- DuPont Agricultural Biotechnology, DuPont-Pioneer, 8305 NW 62nd Avenue, P. O. Box 7060, Johnston, IA, 50131, USA
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