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Jossart Q, Bauman D, Moreau CV, Saucède T, Christiansen H, Brasier MJ, Convey P, Downey R, Figuerola B, Martin P, Norenburg J, Rosenfeld S, Verheye M, Danis B. A pioneer morphological and genetic study of the intertidal fauna of the Gerlache Strait (Antarctic Peninsula). ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:514. [PMID: 36973586 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11066-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The underexplored intertidal ecosystems of Antarctica are facing rapid changes in important environmental factors. Associated with temperature increase, reduction in coastal ice will soon expose new ice-free areas that will be colonized by local or distant biota. To enable detection of future changes in faunal composition, a biodiversity baseline is urgently required. Here, we evaluated intertidal faunal diversity at 13 locations around the Gerlache Strait (western Antarctic Peninsula), using a combination of a quadrat approach, morphological identification and genetic characterization. Our data highlight a community structure comprising four generally distributed and highly abundant species (the flatworm Obrimoposthia wandeli, the bivalve Kidderia subquadrata, and the gastropods Laevilitorina umbilicata and Laevilitorina caliginosa) as well as 79 rarer and less widely encountered species. The most abundant species thrive in the intertidal zone due to their ability to either survive overwinter in situ or to rapidly colonize this zone when conditions allow. In addition, we confirmed the presence of multiple trophic levels at nearly all locations, suggesting that complex inter-specific interactions occur within these communities. Diversity indices contrasted between sampling locations (from 3 to 32 species) and multivariate approaches identified three main groups. This confirms the importance of environmental heterogeneity in shaping diversity patterns within the investigated area. Finally, we provide the first genetic and photographic baseline of the Antarctic intertidal fauna (106 sequences, 137 macrophotographs), as well as preliminary insights on the biogeography of several species. Taken together, these results provide a timely catalyst to assess the diversity and to inform studies of the potential resilience of these intertidal communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Jossart
- Marine Biology, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.
- Marine Biology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium.
- UMR CNRS 6282, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France.
| | - David Bauman
- AMAP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier, IRD, France
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Camille Ve Moreau
- Marine Biology, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Henrik Christiansen
- Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Genomics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, Nuuk, Greenland
| | - Madeleine J Brasier
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Peter Convey
- British Antarctic Survey, NERC, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Millenium Institute Biodiversity of Antarctic and Subantarctic Ecosystems (MI-BASE), Santiago, Chile
| | - Rachel Downey
- Fenner School of Environment & Society, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | | | - Patrick Martin
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jon Norenburg
- Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History, Washington, United States of America
| | - Sebastian Rosenfeld
- Millenium Institute Biodiversity of Antarctic and Subantarctic Ecosystems (MI-BASE), Santiago, Chile
- Laboratorio de Ecosistemas Marinos Antarticos y Subantarticos, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
- Centro de Investigación Gaia‑Antártica, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Marie Verheye
- Laboratory of Trophic and Isotopes Ecology (LETIS), Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Ecology, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Bruno Danis
- Marine Biology, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
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Jossart Q, Kochzius M, Danis B, Saucède T, Moreau CVE. Diversity of the Pterasteridae (Asteroidea) in the Southern Ocean: a molecular and morphological approach. Zool J Linn Soc 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
An integrative approach is crucial in discrimination of species, especially for taxa that are difficult to identify based on morphological characters. In this study, we combine genetics and morphology to assess the diversity of Pterasteridae, a sea star family diversified in deep-sea and polar environments. Because of their derived anatomy and the frequent loss of characters during preservation, Pterasteridae are a suitable case for an integrative study. The molecular identification of 191 specimens (mostly from the Southern Ocean) suggests 26–33 species in three genera (Diplopteraster, Hymenaster and Pteraster), which match the morphological identification in 54–62% of cases. The mismatches are either different molecular units that are morphologically indistinguishable (e.g. Pteraster stellifer units 2 and 4) or, conversely, nominal species that are genetically identical (e.g. Hymenaster coccinatus/densus/praecoquis). Several species are shared between the Northern and Southern Hemispheres (e.g. Pteraster jordani/affinis). In conclusion, the taxonomic status of some groups is confirmed, but for others we find the need to re-evaluate the taxonomy at both genus and species levels. This work significantly increases the DNA barcode library of the Southern Ocean species and merges taxonomic information into an identification key that could become a baseline for future studies (pterasteridae-so.identificationkey.org).
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Jossart
- Marine Biology, Ecology and Biodiversity, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marc Kochzius
- Marine Biology, Ecology and Biodiversity, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bruno Danis
- Laboratoire de Biologie Marine, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thomas Saucède
- Biogéosciences, Université Bourgogne Franche Comté (UBFC), Dijon, France
| | - Camille V E Moreau
- Laboratoire de Biologie Marine, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- Biogéosciences, Université Bourgogne Franche Comté (UBFC), Dijon, France
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Krasnobaev A, ten Dam G, Boerrigter-Eenling R, Peng F, van Leeuwen SPJ, Morley SA, Peck LS, van den Brink NW. Legacy and Emerging Persistent Organic Pollutants in Antarctic Benthic Invertebrates near Rothera Point, Western Antarctic Peninsula. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:2763-2771. [PMID: 31950826 PMCID: PMC7057541 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b06622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Pollutant levels in polar regions are gaining progressively more attention from the scientific community. This is especially so for pollutants that persist in the environment and can reach polar latitudes via a wide range of routes, such as some persistent organic pollutants (POPs). In this study, samples of Antarctic marine benthic organisms were analyzed for legacy and emerging POPs (polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and organochlorine pesticides) to comprehensively assess their current POP concentrations and infer the potential sources of the pollutants. Specimens of five benthic invertebrate species were collected at two distinct locations near Rothera research station on the Antarctic Peninsula (67°35'8 ̋ S and 68°7'59 ̋ W). Any impact of the nearby Rothera station as a local source of pollution appeared to be negligible. The most abundant chemicals detected were hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and BDE-209. The highest concentrations detected were in limpets and sea urchins, followed by sea stars, ascidians, and sea cucumbers. The relative congener patterns of PCBs and PBDEs were similar in all of the species. Some chemicals (e.g., heptachlor, oxychlordane, and mirex) were detected in the Antarctic invertebrates for the first time. Statistical analyses revealed that the distribution of the POPs was not only driven by the feeding traits of the species but also by the physicochemical properties of the specific compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem Krasnobaev
- Sub-Department
of Toxicology, Wageningen University, PO Box 8000, NL 6700 EA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Guillaume ten Dam
- Wageningen
Research, Wageningen Food Safety Research
(WFSR), PO Box 230, NL 6700 AE Wageningen, the Netherlands
- DSP-systems, Food Valley
BTA12, Darwinstraat 7a, 6718 XR Ede, the Netherlands
| | - Rita Boerrigter-Eenling
- Wageningen
Research, Wageningen Food Safety Research
(WFSR), PO Box 230, NL 6700 AE Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Fang Peng
- Luxembourg
Institute of Health, Rue Thomas Edison 1A−B, 1445 Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Stefan P. J. van Leeuwen
- Wageningen
Research, Wageningen Food Safety Research
(WFSR), PO Box 230, NL 6700 AE Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Simon A. Morley
- Natural
Environment Research Council (NERC), British
Antarctic Survey, Cambridge CB3 0ET, United Kingdom
| | - Lloyd S. Peck
- Natural
Environment Research Council (NERC), British
Antarctic Survey, Cambridge CB3 0ET, United Kingdom
| | - Nico W. van den Brink
- Sub-Department
of Toxicology, Wageningen University, PO Box 8000, NL 6700 EA Wageningen, the Netherlands
- E-mail:
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Moreau C, Danis B, Jossart Q, Eléaume M, Sands C, Achaz G, Agüera A, Saucède T. Is reproductive strategy a key factor in understanding the evolutionary history of Southern Ocean Asteroidea (Echinodermata)? Ecol Evol 2019; 9:8465-8478. [PMID: 31410254 PMCID: PMC6686340 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Life traits such as reproductive strategy can be determining factors of species evolutionary history and explain the resulting diversity patterns. This can be investigated using phylogeographic analyses of genetic units. In this work, the genetic structure of five asteroid genera with contrasting reproductive strategies (brooding: Diplasterias, Notasterias and Lysasterias versus broadcasting: Psilaster and Bathybiaster) was investigated in the Southern Ocean. Over 1,400 mtDNA cytochrome C oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences were analysed using five species delineation methods (ABGD, ASAP, mPTP, sGMYC and mGMYC), two phylogenetic reconstructions (ML and BA), and molecular clock calibrations, in order to examine the weight of reproductive strategy in the observed differences among phylogeographic patterns. We hypothesised that brooding species would show higher levels of genetic diversity and species richness along with a clearer geographic structuring than broadcasting species. In contrast, genetic diversity and species richness were not found to be significantly different between brooders and broadcasters, but broadcasters are less spatially structured than brooders supporting our initial hypothesis and suggesting more complex evolutionary histories associated to this reproductive strategy. Broadcasters' phylogeography can be explained by different scenarios including deep-sea colonisation routes, bipolarity or cosmopolitanism, and sub-Antarctic emergence for the genus Bathybiaster; Antarctic- New Zealand faunal exchanges across the Polar Front for the genus Psilaster. Brooders' phylogeography could support the previously formulated hypothesis of a past trans-Antarctic seaway established between the Ross and the Weddell seas during the Plio-Pleistocene. Our results also show, for the first time, that the Weddell Sea is populated by a mixed asteroid fauna originating from both the East and West Antarctic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Moreau
- Marine Biology LabUniversité Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)Belgium
- Biogéosciences, UMR 6282 CNRSUniversité Bourgogne Franche‐ComtéDijonFrance
| | - Bruno Danis
- Marine Biology LabUniversité Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)Belgium
| | - Quentin Jossart
- Marine Biology LabUniversité Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)Belgium
- Marine BiologyVrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)BrusselsBelgium
| | - Marc Eléaume
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRSSorbonne UniversitéParisFrance
| | - Chester Sands
- Natural Environment Research CouncilBritish Antarctic SurveyCambridgeUK
| | - Guillaume Achaz
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRSSorbonne UniversitéParisFrance
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche en Biologie (CIRB), CNRSINSERM, Collège de FranceParisFrance
| | - Antonio Agüera
- Marine Biology LabUniversité Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)Belgium
| | - Thomas Saucède
- Biogéosciences, UMR 6282 CNRSUniversité Bourgogne Franche‐ComtéDijonFrance
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