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Whelan S, Hatch SA, Gaston AJ, Gilchrist HG, Elliott KH. Opposite, but insufficient, phenological responses to climate in two circumpolar seabirds: relative roles of phenotypic plasticity and selection. Funct Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Whelan
- Department of Natural Resources Sciences McGill University Ste‐Anne‐de‐Bellevue QC Canada
| | - Scott A. Hatch
- Institute for Seabird Research and Conservation Anchorage AK USA
| | | | - H. Grant Gilchrist
- National Wildlife Research Centre, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada Ottawa ON Canada
| | - Kyle H. Elliott
- Department of Natural Resources Sciences McGill University Ste‐Anne‐de‐Bellevue QC Canada
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Lameris TK, Tomkovich PS, Johnson JA, Morrison RIG, Tulp I, Lisovski S, DeCicco L, Dementyev M, Gill RE, Ten Horn J, Piersma T, Pohlen Z, Schekkerman H, Soloviev M, Syroechkovsky EE, Zhemchuzhnikov MK, van Gils JA. Mismatch-induced growth reductions in a clade of Arctic-breeding shorebirds are rarely mitigated by increasing temperatures. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:829-847. [PMID: 34862835 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In seasonal environments subject to climate change, organisms typically show phenological changes. As these changes are usually stronger in organisms at lower trophic levels than those at higher trophic levels, mismatches between consumers and their prey may occur during the consumers' reproduction period. While in some species a trophic mismatch induces reductions in offspring growth, this is not always the case. This variation may be caused by the relative strength of the mismatch, or by mitigating factors like increased temperature-reducing energetic costs. We investigated the response of chick growth rate to arthropod abundance and temperature for six populations of ecologically similar shorebirds breeding in the Arctic and sub-Arctic (four subspecies of Red Knot Calidris canutus, Great Knot C. tenuirostris and Surfbird C. virgata). In general, chicks experienced growth benefits (measured as a condition index) when hatching before the seasonal peak in arthropod abundance, and growth reductions when hatching after the peak. The moment in the season at which growth reductions occurred varied between populations, likely depending on whether food was limiting growth before or after the peak. Higher temperatures led to faster growth on average, but could only compensate for increasing trophic mismatch for the population experiencing the coldest conditions. We did not find changes in the timing of peaks in arthropod availability across the study years, possibly because our series of observations was relatively short; timing of hatching displayed no change over the years either. Our results suggest that a trend in trophic mismatches may not yet be evident; however, we show Arctic-breeding shorebirds to be vulnerable to this phenomenon and vulnerability to depend on seasonal prey dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas K Lameris
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Den Burg, The Netherlands
| | - Pavel S Tomkovich
- Zoological Museum, MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - James A Johnson
- Migratory Bird Management, US Fish and Wildlife Service, Anchorage, Alaska, USA
| | - R I Guy Morrison
- National Wildlife Research Centre, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ingrid Tulp
- Wageningen Marine Research, Wageningen University, IJmuiden, The Netherlands
| | - Simeon Lisovski
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Lucas DeCicco
- Migratory Bird Management, US Fish and Wildlife Service, Anchorage, Alaska, USA
| | - Maksim Dementyev
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Robert E Gill
- U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center, Anchorage, Alaska, USA
| | - Job Ten Horn
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Den Burg, The Netherlands
| | - Theunis Piersma
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Den Burg, The Netherlands
- Conservation Ecology Group, Groningen Inst. for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Zachary Pohlen
- Migratory Bird Management, US Fish and Wildlife Service, Anchorage, Alaska, USA
| | - Hans Schekkerman
- Sovon Dutch Centre for Field Ornithology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mikhail Soloviev
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - Jan A van Gils
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Den Burg, The Netherlands
- Conservation Ecology Group, Groningen Inst. for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Kubelka V, Sandercock BK, Székely T, Freckleton RP. Animal migration to northern latitudes: environmental changes and increasing threats. Trends Ecol Evol 2021; 37:30-41. [PMID: 34579979 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2021.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Every year, many wild animals undertake long-distance migration to breed in the north, taking advantage of seasonally high pulses in food supply, fewer parasites, and lower predation pressure in comparison with equatorial latitudes. Growing evidence suggests that climate-change-induced phenological mismatches have reduced food availability. Furthermore, novel pathogens and parasites are spreading northwards, and nest or offspring predation has increased at many Arctic and northern temperate locations. Altered trophic interactions have decreased the reproductive success and survival of migratory animals. Reduced advantages for long-distance migration have potentially serious consequences for community structure and ecosystem function. Changes in the benefits of migration need to be integrated into projections of population and ecosystem dynamics and targeted by innovative conservation actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vojtěch Kubelka
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Alfred Denny Building, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK; Department of Zoology and Centre for Polar Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, České Budějovice, 370 05, Czech Republic; Department of Evolutionary Zoology and Human Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen, Hungary; Department of Biodiversity Research, Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, Brno, 603 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Brett K Sandercock
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Høgskoleringen 9, Trondheim, 7485, Norway
| | - Tamás Székely
- Department of Evolutionary Zoology and Human Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen, Hungary; Milner Centre for Evolution, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Robert P Freckleton
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Alfred Denny Building, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK.
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Meltofte H, Hansen J, Rigét F. Trends in breeding performance in wader populations at Zackenberg, high Arctic Greenland, in relation to environmental drivers 1996–2018. Polar Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-021-02922-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Warming Arctic summers unlikely to increase productivity of shorebirds through renesting. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15277. [PMID: 34315998 PMCID: PMC8316457 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94788-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change in the Arctic is leading to earlier summers, creating a phenological mismatch between the hatching of insectivorous birds and the availability of their invertebrate prey. While phenological mismatch would presumably lower the survival of chicks, climate change is also leading to longer, warmer summers that may increase the annual productivity of birds by allowing adults to lay nests over a longer period of time, replace more nests that fail, and provide physiological relief to chicks (i.e., warmer temperatures that reduce thermoregulatory costs). However, there is little information on how these competing ecological processes will ultimately impact the demography of bird populations. In 2008 and 2009, we investigated the survival of chicks from initial and experimentally-induced replacement nests of arcticola Dunlin (Calidris alpina) breeding near Utqiaġvik, Alaska. We monitored survival of 66 broods from 41 initial and 25 replacement nests. Based on the average hatch date of each group, chick survival (up to age 15 days) from replacement nests (Ŝi = 0.10; 95% CI = 0.02–0.22) was substantially lower than initial nests (Ŝi = 0.67; 95% CI = 0.48–0.81). Daily survival rates were greater for older chicks, chicks from earlier-laid clutches, and during periods of greater invertebrate availability. As temperature was less important to daily survival rates of shorebird chicks than invertebrate availability, our results indicate that any physiological relief experienced by chicks will likely be overshadowed by the need for adequate food. Furthermore, the processes creating a phenological mismatch between hatching of shorebird young and invertebrate emergence ensures that warmer, longer breeding seasons will not translate into abundant food throughout the longer summers. Thus, despite having a greater opportunity to nest later (and potentially replace nests), young from these late-hatching broods will likely not have sufficient food to survive. Collectively, these results indicate that warmer, longer summers in the Arctic are unlikely to increase annual recruitment rates, and thus unable to compensate for low adult survival, which is typically limited by factors away from the Arctic-breeding grounds.
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