1
|
Emphysema Quantification Using Ultra-Low-Dose Chest CT: Efficacy of Deep Learning-Based Image Reconstruction. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:medicina58070939. [PMID: 35888658 PMCID: PMC9317892 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58070939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Although reducing the radiation dose level is important during diagnostic computed tomography (CT) applications, effective image quality enhancement strategies are crucial to compensate for the degradation that is caused by a dose reduction. We performed this prospective study to quantify emphysema on ultra-low-dose CT images that were reconstructed using deep learning-based image reconstruction (DLIR) algorithms, and compared and evaluated the accuracies of DLIR algorithms versus standard-dose CT. Materials and Methods: A total of 32 patients were prospectively enrolled, and all underwent standard-dose and ultra-low-dose (120 kVp; CTDIvol < 0.7 mGy) chest CT scans at the same time in a single examination. A total of six image datasets (filtered back projection (FBP) for standard-dose CT, and FBP, adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction (ASIR-V) 50%, DLIR-low, DLIR-medium, DLIR-high for ultra-low-dose CT) were reconstructed for each patient. Image noise values, emphysema indices, total lung volumes, and mean lung attenuations were measured in the six image datasets and compared (one-way repeated measures ANOVA). Results: The mean effective doses for standard-dose and ultra-low-dose CT scans were 3.43 ± 0.57 mSv and 0.39 ± 0.03 mSv, respectively (p < 0.001). The total lung volume and mean lung attenuation of five image datasets of ultra-low-dose CT scans, emphysema indices of ultra-low-dose CT scans reconstructed using ASIR-V 50 or DLIR-low, and the image noise of ultra-low-dose CT scans that were reconstructed using DLIR-low were not different from those of standard-dose CT scans. Conclusions: Ultra-low-dose CT images that were reconstructed using DLIR-low were found to be useful for emphysema quantification at a radiation dose of only 11% of that required for standard-dose CT.
Collapse
|
2
|
Muramatsu S, Sato K, Yamashiro T, Doi K. Quantitative measurements of emphysema in ultra-high resolution computed tomography using model-based iterative reconstruction in comparison to that using hybrid iterative reconstruction. Phys Eng Sci Med 2022; 45:115-124. [PMID: 35023075 DOI: 10.1007/s13246-021-01091-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The percentage of low attenuation volume ratio (LAVR), which is measured using computed tomography (CT), is an index of the severity of emphysema. For LAVR evaluation, ultra-high-resolution (U-HR) CT images are useful. To improve the image quality of U-HRCT, iterative reconstruction is used. There are two types of iterative reconstruction: hybrid iterative reconstruction (HIR) and model-based iterative reconstruction (MBIR). In this study, we physically and clinically evaluated U-HR images reconstructed with HIR and MBIR, and demonstrated the usefulness of U-HR images with MBIR for quantitative measurements of emphysema. Both images were reconstructed with a slice thickness of 0.25 mm and an image matrix size of 1024 × 1024 pixels. For physical evaluation, the modulation transfer function (MTF) and noise power spectrum (NPS) of HIR and MBIR were compared. For clinical evaluation, LAVR calculated from HIR and MBIR were compared using the Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank test. In addition, the correlation between LAVR and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1%) was evaluated using the Spearman rank correlation test. The MTFs of HIR and MBIR were comparable. The NPS of MBIR was lower than that of HIR. The mean LAVR values calculated from HIR and MBIR were 19.5 ± 12.6% and 20.4 ± 11.7%, respectively (p = 0.84). The correlation coefficients between LAVR and FEV1% that were taken from HIR and MBIR were 0.64 and 0.74, respectively (p < 0.01). MBIR is more useful than HIR for the quantitative measurements of emphysema with U-HR images.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shun Muramatsu
- Department of Radiology, Ohara General Hospital, 6-1 Ue-machi, Fukushima-shi, Fukushima, 960-8611, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiro Sato
- Health Sciences, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Tsuneo Yamashiro
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Kunio Doi
- Department of Radiology, University of Chicago, 5841 Maryland Av, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.,Gunma Prefectural College of Health Sciences, 323-1, Kamioki-machi, Maebashi-shi, Gunma-ken, 371-0052, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Muramatsu S, Sato K. [Quantitative Analysis of Emphysema in Ultra-high-resolution CT by Using Deep Learning Reconstruction: Comparison with Hybrid Iterative Reconstruction]. Nihon Hoshasen Gijutsu Gakkai Zasshi 2020; 76:1163-1172. [PMID: 33229846 DOI: 10.6009/jjrt.2020_jsrt_76.11.1163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The noise generated in ultra-high-resolution computed tomography (U-HRCT) images affects the quantitative analysis of emphysema. In this study, we compared the physical properties of reconstructed images for hybrid iterative reconstruction (HIR) and deep learning reconstruction (DLR), which are reconstruction methods for reducing image noise. Using clinical evaluation, we evaluated the correlation between low attenuation volume (LAV) % obtained by CT and forced expiratory volume in 1 s per forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) obtained by respiratory function tests. MATERIALS AND METHODS CT data obtained by HIR and DLR were used for analysis (matrix size: 1024´1024, slice thickness: 0.25 mm). The physical characteristics were evaluated for the modulation transfer function (MTF) and noise power spectrum (NPS). Display-field of view (D-FOV) was analyzed by varying between 300 mm and 400 mm. The clinical data evaluated the relationship between LAV% and FEV1/FVC by Spearman's correlation coefficient. RESULT The 10% MTFs were 1.3 cycles/mm (HIR) and 1.3 cycles/mm (DLR) at D-FOV 300 mm, and 1.2 cycles/mm (HIR) and 1.1 cycles/mm (DLR) at D-FOV 400 mm. The NPS had less noise in DLR than HIR in all frequency ranges. The correlation coefficients between LAV% and FEV1/FVC were 0.64 and 0.71, respectively, in HIR and DLR. CONCLUSION There was no difference in the resolution characteristics of HIR and DLR. DLR had better noise characteristics than HIR. The correlation between LAV% measured by HIR and DLR and FEV1/FVC is equivalent. The noise characteristics of the DLR enable the reduction of exposure to emphysema quantitative analysis by CT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kazuhiro Sato
- Health Sciences, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang L, Pelgrim GJ, Yan J, Zhang H, Vliegenthart R, Xie X. Feasibility of bronchial wall quantification in low- and ultralow-dose third-generation dual-source CT: An ex vivo lung study. J Appl Clin Med Phys 2020; 21:218-226. [PMID: 32991062 PMCID: PMC7592972 DOI: 10.1002/acm2.13032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate image quality and bronchial wall quantification in low- and ultralow-dose third-generation dual-source computed tomography (CT). METHODS A lung specimen from a formerly healthy male was scanned using third-generation dual-source CT at standard-dose (51 mAs/120 kV, CTDIvol 3.41 mGy), low-dose (1/4th and 1/10th of standard dose), and ultralow-dose setting (1/20th). Low kV (70, 80, 90, and Sn100 kV) scanning was applied in each low/ultralow-dose setting, combined with adaptive mAs to keep a constant dose. Images were reconstructed at advanced modeled iterative reconstruction (ADMIRE) levels 1, 3, and 5 for each scan. Bronchial wall were semi-automatically measured from the lobar level to subsegmental level. Spearman correlation analysis was performed between bronchial wall quantification (wall thickness and wall area percentage) and protocol settings (dose, kV, and ADMIRE). ANOVA with a post hoc pairwise test was used to compare signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), noise and bronchial wall quantification values among standard- and low/ultralow-dose settings, and among ADMIRE levels. RESULTS Bronchial wall quantification had no correlation with dose level, kV, or ADMIRE level (|correlation coefficients| < 0.3). SNR and noise showed no statistically significant differences at different kV in the same ADMIRE level (1, 3, or 5) and in the same dose group (P > 0.05). Generally, there were no significant differences in bronchial wall quantification among the standard- and low/ultralow-dose settings, and among different ADMIRE levels (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION The combined use of low/ultralow-dose scanning and ADMIRE does not influence bronchial wall quantification compared to standard-dose CT. This specimen study suggests the potential that an ultralow-dose scan can be used for bronchial wall quantification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Radiology Department, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Radiology Department, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gert Jan Pelgrim
- Department of Radiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jing Yan
- Siemens Healthcare Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Radiology Department, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rozemarijn Vliegenthart
- Department of Radiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Xueqian Xie
- Radiology Department, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
I S, C A, H S, P T, T F. Comparisons of Hounsfield Unit Linearity between Images Reconstructed using an Adaptive Iterative Dose Reduction (AIDR) and a Filter Back-Projection (FBP) Techniques. J Biomed Phys Eng 2020; 10:215-224. [PMID: 32337189 PMCID: PMC7166214 DOI: 10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.1912-1013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background: The HU linearity is an essential parameter in a quantitative imaging and the treatment planning systems of radiotherapy. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the linearity of Hounsfield unit (HU) in applying the adaptive iterative dose reduction (AIDR)
on CT scanner and its comparison to the filtered back-projection (FBP). Material and Methods: In this experimental phantom study, a TOS-phantom was scanned using a Toshiba Alexion 6 CT scanner. The images were reconstructed
using the FBP and AIDR. Measurements of HU and noise values were performed on images of the “HU linearity” module of the TOS-phantom.
The module had five embedded objects, i.e., air, polypropylene, nylon, acrylic, and Delrin. On each object, a circle area of 4.32
cm2 was drawn and used to measure HU and noise values. The R2 of the relation between mass densities vs. HU values was used to
measure HU linearities at four different tube voltages. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare unpaired data and p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The AIDR method produced a significant smaller image noise than the FBP method (p-value < 0.05).
There were no significant differences in HU values of images reconstructed using FBP and AIDR methods (p-value > 0.05).
The HU values acquired by the methods showed the same linearity marked by coinciding linear lines with the same R2 value (> 0.999). Conclusion: AIDR methods produce the HU linearity as FBP methods with a smaller image noise level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suyudi I
- BSc, Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University, Indonesia
| | - Anam C
- PhD, Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University, Indonesia
| | - Sutanto H
- PhD, Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University, Indonesia
| | - Triadyaksa P
- PhD, Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University, Indonesia
| | - Fujibuchi T
- PhD, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wressnegger A, Prosch H, Moser B, Klepetko W, Jaksch P, Lambers C, Hoetzenecker K, Schestak C, De Bettignies A, Beer L, Apfaltrer G, Ringl H, Apfaltrer P. Chest CT in patients after lung transplantation: A retrospective analysis to evaluate impact on image quality and radiation dose using spectral filtration tin-filtered imaging. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228376. [PMID: 32023294 PMCID: PMC7001933 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of a 150kV spectral filtration chest imaging protocol (Sn150kVp) combined with advanced modeled iterative reconstruction (ADMIRE) on radiation dose and image quality in patients after lung-transplantation. METHODS This study included 102 patients who had unenhanced chest-CT examinations available on both, a second-generation dual-source CT (DSCT) using standard protocol (100kVp, filtered-back-projection) and, on a third-generation DSCT using Sn150kVp protocol with ADMIRE. Signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) was measured in 6 standardized regions. A 5-point Likert scale was used to evaluate subjective image quality. Radiation metrics were compared. RESULTS The mean time interval between the two acquisitions was 1.1±0.7 years. Mean-volume-CT-dose-index, dose-length-product and effective dose were significantly lower for Sn150kVp protocol (2.1±0.5mGy;72.6±16.9mGy*cm;1.3±0.3mSv) compared to 100kVp protocol (6.2±1.8mGy;203.6±55.6mGy*cm;3.7±1.0mSv) (p<0.001), equaling a 65% dose reduction. All studies were considered of diagnostic quality. SNR measured in lung tissue, air inside trachea, vertebral body and air outside the body was significantly higher in 100kVp protocol compared to Sn150kVp protocol (12.5±2.7vs.9.6±1.5;17.4±3.6vs.11.8±1.8;0.7±0.3vs.0.4±0.2;25.2±6.9vs.14.9±3.3;p<0.001). SNR measured in muscle tissue was significantly higher in Sn150kVp protocol (3.2±0.9vs.2.6±1.0;p<0.001). For SNR measured in descending aorta there was a trend towards higher values for Sn150kVp protocol (2.8±0.6 vs. 2.7±0.9;p = 0.3). Overall SNR was significantly higher in 100kVp protocol (5.0±4.0vs.4.0±4.0;p<0.001). On subjective analysis both protocols achieved a median Likert rating of 1 (25th-75th-percentile:1-1;p = 0.122). Interobserver agreement was good (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.73). CONCLUSIONS Combined use of 150kVp tin-filtered chest CT protocol with ADMIRE allows for significant dose reduction while maintaining highly diagnostic image quality in the follow up after lung transplantation when compared to a standard chest CT protocol using filtered back projection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Wressnegger
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Helmut Prosch
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard Moser
- Division of Surgery, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Walter Klepetko
- Division of Surgery, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Jaksch
- Division of Surgery, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christopher Lambers
- Division of Surgery, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Konrad Hoetzenecker
- Division of Surgery, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Schestak
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Albert De Bettignies
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lucian Beer
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Apfaltrer
- Division of Pediatric Radiology, Department of Radiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Helmut Ringl
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Paul Apfaltrer
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mikayama R, Shirasaka T, Yabuuchi H, Sakai Y, Kojima T, Kondo M, Yoshikawa H, Kato T. Effect of scan mode and focal spot size in airway dimension measurements for ultra-high-resolution computed tomography of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A COPDGene phantom study. Phys Med 2020; 70:102-108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2019.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
|
8
|
Xu Y, Yamashiro T, Moriya H, Muramatsu S, Murayama S. Quantitative Emphysema Measurement On Ultra-High-Resolution CT Scans. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2019; 14:2283-2290. [PMID: 31631998 PMCID: PMC6790117 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s223605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the advantages of ultra-high-resolution computed tomography (U-HRCT) scans for the quantitative measurement of emphysematous lesions over conventional HRCT scans. Materials and methods This study included 32 smokers under routine clinical care who underwent chest CT performed by a U-HRCT scanner. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was diagnosed in 13 of the 32 participants. Scan data were reconstructed by 2 different protocols: i) U-HRCT mode with a 1024×1024 matrix and 0.25-mm slice thickness and ii) conventional HRCT mode with a 512×512 matrix and 0.5-mm slice thickness. On both types of scans, lesions of emphysema were quantitatively assessed as percentage of low attenuation volume (LAV%, <-950 Hounsfield units). LAV% values determined for scan data from the U-HRCT and conventional HRCT modes were compared by the Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test. The association between LAV% and forced expiratory volume in 1 s per forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) was assessed by the Spearman rank correlation test. Results Mean values for LAV% determined for the U-HRCT and conventional HRCT modes were 8.9 ± 8.8% and 7.3 ± 8.4%, respectively (P<0.0001). The correlation coefficients for LAV% and FEV1/FVC on the U-HRCT and conventional HRCT modes were 0.50 and 0.49, respectively (both P<0.01). Conclusion Compared with conventional HRCT scans, U-HRCT scans reveal emphysematous lesions in greater detail, and provide slightly increased correlation with airflow limitation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Xu
- Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan.,Department of Radiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tsuneo Yamashiro
- Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan.,Department of Radiology, Ohara General Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Moriya
- Department of Radiology, Ohara General Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Shun Muramatsu
- Department of Radiology, Ohara General Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Sadayuki Murayama
- Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
de Boer E, Nijholt IM, Jansen S, Edens MA, Walen S, van den Berg JWK, Boomsma MF. Optimization of pulmonary emphysema quantification on CT scans of COPD patients using hybrid iterative and post processing techniques: correlation with pulmonary function tests. Insights Imaging 2019; 10:102. [PMID: 31591646 PMCID: PMC6779684 DOI: 10.1186/s13244-019-0776-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to assess the effect of hybrid iterative reconstruction and post processing on emphysema quantification in low-dose CT scans of COPD patients using pulmonary function tests (PFT) as a reference. Methods CT scans of 23 COPD patients diagnosed with GOLD I or higher were reconstructed with iDose4 level 1 to 7 in IntelliSpace Portal (ISP) 6 and 7. ISP7 was used with and without specific denoising filter for COPD. The extent of emphysema was measured as percentage of lung voxels with attenuation < − 950 Hounsfield units (%LAA-950). The correlation between %LAA-950 and PFT, age, BMI, pack years, and the Clinical COPD Questionnaire (CCQ) and Medical Research Council dyspnea scale (MRC) was determined. Results Denoising significantly reduced %LAA-950 as was demonstrated by lower %LAA-950 in ISP7 with denoising filter and a significant reduction in %LAA-950 with higher iDose4 levels. All PFT except forced vital capacity (FVC) were significantly inversely correlated with %LAA-950. There was a trend toward a stronger correlation at higher iDose4 levels. %LAA-950 was also significantly correlated with BMI, GOLD class, and CCQ scores. Conclusions Our study showed that hybrid iterative reconstruction and use of post processing denoising can optimize the use of emphysema quantification in CT scans as a complimentary diagnostic tool to stage COPD in addition to PFT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E de Boer
- Department of Radiology, Isala hospital, Dr. van Heesweg 2, 8025 AB, Zwolle, The Netherlands
| | - I M Nijholt
- Department of Radiology, Isala hospital, Dr. van Heesweg 2, 8025 AB, Zwolle, The Netherlands
| | - S Jansen
- Department of Radiology, Isala hospital, Dr. van Heesweg 2, 8025 AB, Zwolle, The Netherlands
| | - M A Edens
- Department of Innovation and Science, Isala hospital, Zwolle, The Netherlands
| | - S Walen
- Department of Pulmonology, Isala hospital, Zwolle, The Netherlands
| | | | - M F Boomsma
- Department of Radiology, Isala hospital, Dr. van Heesweg 2, 8025 AB, Zwolle, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhao T, McNitt-Gray M, Ruan D. A convolutional neural network for ultra-low-dose CT denoising and emphysema screening. Med Phys 2019; 46:3941-3950. [PMID: 31220358 DOI: 10.1002/mp.13666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Reducing dose level to achieve ALARA is an important task in diagnostic and therapeutic applications of computed tomography (CT) imaging. Effective image quality enhancement strategies are crucial to compensate for the degradation caused by dose reduction. In the past few years, deep learning approaches have demonstrated promising denoising performance on natural/synthetic images. This study tailors a neural network model for (ultra-)low-dose CT denoising, and assesses its performance in enhancing CT image quality and emphysema quantification. METHODS The noise statistics in low-dose CT images has its unique characteristics and differs from that used in general denoising models. In this study, we first simulate the paired ultra-low-dose and targeted high-quality image of reference, with a well-validated pipeline. These paired images are used to train a denoising convolutional neural network (DnCNN) with residual mapping. The performance of the DnCNN tailored to CT denoising (DnCNN-CT) is assessed over various dose reduction levels, with respect to both image quality and emphysema scoring quantification. The possible over-smoothing behavior of DnCNN and its impact on different subcohort of patients are also investigated. RESULTS Performance evaluation results showed that DnCNN-CT provided significant image quality enhancement, especially for very-low-dose level. With DnCNN-CT denoising on 3%-dose cases, the peak signal-to-noise ratio improved by 8 dB and the structure similarity index increased by 0.15. This outperformed the original DnCNN and the state-of-the-art nonlocal-mean-type denoising scheme. Emphysema mask was also investigated, where lung voxels of abnormally low attenuation coefficient were marked as potential emphysema. Emphysema mask generated after DnCNN-CT denoising on 3%-dose image was demonstrated to agree well with that from the full-dose reference. Despite over-smoothing in DnCNN denoising, which contributed to slight underestimation of emphysema score compared to the reference, such minor overcorrection did not affect clinical conclusions. The proposed method provided effective detection for cases with appreciable emphysema while serving as a reasonable correction for normal cases without emphysema. CONCLUSIONS This work provides a tailored DnCNN for (ultra-)low-dose CT denoising, and demonstrates significant improvement on both the image quality and the clinical emphysema quantification accuracy over various dose levels. The clinical conclusion of emphysema obtained from the denoised low-dose images agrees well with that from the full-dose ones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Michael McNitt-Gray
- Departments of Biomedical Physics and Radiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Dan Ruan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hoffman J, Emaminejad N, Wahi-Anwar M, Kim GH, Brown M, Young S, McNitt-Gray M. Technical Note: Design and implementation of a high-throughput pipeline for reconstruction and quantitative analysis of CT image data. Med Phys 2019; 46:2310-2322. [PMID: 30677145 DOI: 10.1002/mp.13401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE With recent substantial improvements in modern computing, interest in quantitative imaging with CT has seen a dramatic increase. As a result, the need to both create and analyze large, high-quality datasets of clinical studies has increased as well. At present, no efficient, widely available method exists to accomplish this. The purpose of this technical note is to describe an open-source high-throughput computational pipeline framework for the reconstruction and analysis of diagnostic CT imaging data to conduct large-scale quantitative imaging studies and to accelerate and improve quantitative imaging research. METHODS The pipeline consists of two, primary "blocks": reconstruction and analysis. Reconstruction is carried out via a graphics processing unit (GPU) queuing framework developed specifically for the pipeline that allows a dataset to be reconstructed using a variety of different parameter configurations such as slice thickness, reconstruction kernel, and simulated acquisition dose. The analysis portion then automatically analyzes the output of the reconstruction using "modules" that can be combined in various ways to conduct different experiments. Acceleration of analysis is achieved using cluster processing. Efficiency and performance of the pipeline are demonstrated using an example 142 subject lung screening cohort reconstructed 36 different ways and analyzed using quantitative emphysema scoring techniques. RESULTS The pipeline reconstructed and analyzed the 5112 reconstructed datasets in approximately 10 days, a roughly 72× speedup over previous efforts using the scanner for reconstructions. Tightly coupled pipeline quality assurance software ensured proper performance of analysis modules with regard to segmentation and emphysema scoring. CONCLUSIONS The pipeline greatly reduced the time from experiment conception to quantitative results. The modular design of the pipeline allows the high-throughput framework to be utilized for other future experiments into different quantitative imaging techniques. Future applications of the pipeline being explored are robustness testing of quantitative imaging metrics, data generation for deep learning, and use as a test platform for image-processing techniques to improve clinical quantitative imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Hoffman
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| | - Nastaran Emaminejad
- Physics and Biology in Medicine Graduate Program, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| | - Muhammad Wahi-Anwar
- Physics and Biology in Medicine Graduate Program, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| | - Grace H Kim
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA.,Physics and Biology in Medicine Graduate Program, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| | - Matthew Brown
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA.,Physics and Biology in Medicine Graduate Program, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| | - Stefano Young
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| | - Michael McNitt-Gray
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA.,Physics and Biology in Medicine Graduate Program, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang L, Li Z, Meng J, Xie X, Zhang H. Airway quantification using adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction-V on wide-detector low-dose CT: a validation study on lung specimen. Jpn J Radiol 2019; 37:390-398. [PMID: 30820822 DOI: 10.1007/s11604-019-00818-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the accuracy of airway quantification of adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction (ASIR)-V on low-dose CT using a human lung specimen. METHOD A lung specimen was scanned on Revolution CT with low-dose settings (20 mAs, 40 mAs and 60 mAs/100 kV) and standard-dose setting (100 mAs/120 kV). CT images were reconstructed using lung kernel with eleven ASIR-V levels from 0 to 100% with 10% interval. ASIR-V level from 0 to 100% with 10% interval was reconstructed on lung kernel. Wall area percentage (%WA) and wall thickness (WT) were measured. RESULTS Radiation dose of 20 mAs, 40 mAs and 60 mAs low-dose settings reduced by 87.6%, 75.2% and 62.8% compared to that on standard dose, respectively. Low-dose settings significantly decreased image SNR (p < 0.05) and increased noise (p < 0.001). ASIR-V level exponentially improved image SNR and linearly decreased image noise (all p < 0.001). The mean airway measurement ratios of low-dose to standard-dose were within 2% variation for %WA and within 3% variation for WT. Most %WA and WT values showed no obvious correlation with ASIR-V levels. CONCLUSION ASIR-V showed to improve image quality in low radiation dose. However, low-dose settings and ASIR-V strength did not significantly influence airway quantification values, although variation in measurements slightly increased with dose reduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengyu Li
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Meng
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueqian Xie
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Effect of Reconstruction Parameters on the Quantitative Analysis of Chest Computed Tomography. J Thorac Imaging 2019; 34:92-102. [DOI: 10.1097/rti.0000000000000389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
14
|
Martin SP, Gariani J, Feutry G, Adler D, Karenovics W, Becker CD, Montet X. Emphysema quantification using hybrid versus model-based generations of iterative reconstruction: SAFIRE versus ADMIRE. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e14450. [PMID: 30762757 PMCID: PMC6408015 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000014450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
To compare 2 incompatible generations of iterative reconstructions from the same raw dataset based on automatic emphysema quantification and noise reduction: a hybrid algorithm called sinogram affirmed iterative reconstruction (SAFIRE) versus a model-based algorithm called advanced modeled iterative reconstruction (ADMIRE).Raw datasets of 40 non-contrast thoracic computed tomography scanners obtained from a single acquisition on a SOMATOM Definition Flash unit (Siemens Healthcare, Forchheim) were reconstructed with 3 levels of SAFIRE and ADMIRE algorithms resulting in a total of 240 datasets. Emphysema index (EI) and image noise were compared using repeated analysis of variance (ANOVA) analysis with a P value <.05 considered statistically significant.EI and image noise were stable between both generations of IR when reconstructed with the same level (P ≥0.31 and P ≥0.06, respectively).SAFIRE and ADMIRE perform equally in terms of emphysema quantification and noise reduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dan Adler
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonology
| | - Wolfram Karenovics
- Department of Surgery, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Li Y, Dai Y, Duan X, Zhang W, Guo Y, Wang J. Application of automated bronchial 3D-CT measurement in pulmonary contusion complicated with acute respiratory distress syndrome. JOURNAL OF X-RAY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2019; 27:641-654. [PMID: 31177259 DOI: 10.3233/xst-180486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDQuantitative measurement of bronchial morphological changes in pulmonary contusion with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) has important clinical implications.OBJECTIVETo investigate the morphological changes in bronchus before and after treatment in patients with pulmonary contusion combined with ARDS using an automated bronchial three-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT) measurement method.METHODSThe study involves a dataset of CT images of 62 patients diagnosed with pulmonary contusion combined with ARDS. The volume of pulmonary contusion lesions was calculated as a percentage of the total lung volume using the automated 3D-CT method. The bronchial luminal cross-sectional area, wall cross-sectional area, the maximum and average wall thickness, the maximum and average luminal densities, intraluminal and extraluminal diameters, and circumferences of generations 2-4 bronchi before and after treatment were measured. Furthermore, the corresponding differences were analyzed statistically.RESULTSThe luminal cross-sectional area, wall cross-sectional area, intraluminal and extraluminal diameters, and circumferences of generations 2-4 bronchi were all significantly lower before treatment than after treatment (P < 0.05). However, the maximum and average wall thicknesses were both significantly higher before treatment than after treatment (P < 0.05). No significant difference was found in the maximum and average luminal densities before and after treatment (P > 0.05). The percentage of the pulmonary contusion lesion volume to the total lung volume correlated positively with the thoracic trauma severity score (r = 0.74, P < 0.01).CONCLUSIONSQuantitative bronchial CT image analysis enables to detect and assess bronchial morphological changes in patients diagnosed with pulmonary contusion combined with ARDS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Medical Image, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yongliang Dai
- Department of CT, The Weapons Industry of 521 Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoyi Duan
- Department of Medical Image, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Weishan Zhang
- Department of Medical Image, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Youmin Guo
- Department of Medical Image, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiansheng Wang
- The Second Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhao T, Hoffman J, McNitt-Gray M, Ruan D. Ultra-low-dose CT image denoising using modified BM3D scheme tailored to data statistics. Med Phys 2018; 46:190-198. [PMID: 30351450 DOI: 10.1002/mp.13252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE It is important to enhance image quality for low-dose CT acquisitions to push the ALARA boundary. Current state-of-the-art block-matching three-dimensional (BM3D) denoising scheme assumes white Gaussian noise (WGN) model. This study proposes a novel filtering module to be incorporated into the BM3D framework for ultra-low-dose CT denoising, by accounting for its specific power spectral properties. METHODS In the current BM3D algorithm, the Wiener filtering is applied in the transform domain to a post-thresholding signal for enhanced denoising. However, unlike most natural/synthetic images, low-dose CTs do not obey the ideal Gaussian noise model. Based on the specific noise properties of ultra-low-dose CT, we derive the optimal transform-domain coefficients of Wiener filter based on the minimum mean-square-error (MMSE) criterion, taking the noise spectrum and the signal/noise cross spectrum into consideration. In the absence of ground-truth signal, the hard-thresholding denoising module in the previous stage is used as a plug-in estimator. We evaluate the denoising performance on thoracic CT image datasets containing paired full-dose and ultra-low-dose images simulated by a well-validated clinical engine (or pipeline). We also assess its clinical implication by applying the denoising methods to the emphysema quantification task. Our modified BM3D method is compared with the current one, using peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and emphysema scoring results as evaluation metrics. RESULTS The noise in ultra-low-dose CT presented distinct non-Gaussian characteristics and was correlated with image intensity. Performance evaluation showed that the current Wiener filter in basic BM3D algorithm yielded little denoising enhancement on ultra-low-dose CT images. In contrast, the proposed Wiener filter achieved (1.46, 1.91) dB performance gain in mean and median peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) for 5%-dose image denoising and (0.93, 0.95) dB improvement for 10% dose. A paired t-test of the PSNRs between denoising using the current and the proposed Wiener filters demonstrated statistically significant improvement, yielding P-values of 1.45E-12 and 1.34E-7 on 5% and 10%-dose images, respectively. In addition, emphysema quantification on the denoised images using the modified BM3D method also had statistically significant advantage over that using the current BM3D scheme, resulting in a P-value of 6.30E-5 with the commonly used measure. CONCLUSIONS This work tailors the Wiener filter in BM3D algorithm to data statistics and demonstrates statistically significant performance improvement on ultra-low-dose CT image denoising and a subsequent emphysema quantification task. Such performance gain is more pronounced with a lower dose level. The development and rationale are generally enough for other image denoising tasks when the WGN assumption is violated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - John Hoffman
- Departments of Biomedical Physics and Radiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Michael McNitt-Gray
- Departments of Biomedical Physics and Radiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Dan Ruan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
den Harder AM, de Boer E, Lagerweij SJ, Boomsma MF, Schilham AMR, Willemink MJ, Milles J, Leiner T, Budde RPJ, de Jong PA. Emphysema quantification using chest CT: influence of radiation dose reduction and reconstruction technique. Eur Radiol Exp 2018; 2:30. [PMID: 30402740 PMCID: PMC6220000 DOI: 10.1186/s41747-018-0064-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Computed tomography (CT) emphysema quantification is affected by both radiation dose (i.e. image noise) and reconstruction technique. At reduced dose, filtered back projection (FBP) results in an overestimation of the amount of emphysema due to higher noise levels, while the use of iterative reconstruction (IR) can result in an underestimation due to reduced noise. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of dose reduction and hybrid IR (HIR) or model-based IR (MIR) on CT emphysema quantification. METHODS Twenty-two patients underwent inspiratory chest CT scan at routine radiation dose and at 45%, 60% and 75% reduced radiation dose. Acquisitions were reconstructed with FBP, HIR and MIR. Emphysema was quantified using the 15th percentile of the attenuation curve and the percentage of voxels below -950 HU. To determine whether the use of a different percentile or HU threshold is more accurate at reduced dose levels and with IR, additional measurements were performed using different percentiles and HU thresholds to determine the optimal combination. RESULTS Dose reduction resulted in a significant overestimation of emphysema, while HIR and MIR resulted in an underestimation. Lower HU thresholds with FBP at reduced dose and higher HU thresholds with HIR and MIR resulted in emphysema percentages comparable to the reference. The 15th percentile quantification method showed similar results as the HU threshold method. CONCLUSIONS This within-patients study showed that CT emphysema quantification is significantly affected by dose reduction and IR. This can potentially be solved by adapting commonly used thresholds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Erwin de Boer
- Department of Radiology, Isala hospital, Zwolle, The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne J Lagerweij
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Arnold M R Schilham
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Martin J Willemink
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Tim Leiner
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ricardo P J Budde
- Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pim A de Jong
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kim DJ, Kim C, Shin C, Lee SK, Ko CS, Lee KY. Impact of Model-Based Iterative Reconstruction on the Correlation between Computed Tomography Quantification of a Low Lung Attenuation Area and Airway Measurements and Pulmonary Function Test Results in Normal Subjects. Korean J Radiol 2018; 19:1187-1195. [PMID: 30386150 PMCID: PMC6201968 DOI: 10.3348/kjr.2018.19.6.1187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To compare correlations between pulmonary function test (PFT) results and different reconstruction algorithms and to suggest the optimal reconstruction protocol for computed tomography (CT) quantification of low lung attenuation areas and airways in healthy individuals. Materials and Methods A total of 259 subjects with normal PFT and chest CT results were included. CT scans were reconstructed using filtered back projection, hybrid-iterative reconstruction, and model-based IR (MIR). For quantitative analysis, the emphysema index (EI) and wall area percentage (WA%) were determined. Subgroup analysis according to smoking history was also performed. Results The EIs of all the reconstruction algorithms correlated significantly with the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) (all p < 0.001). The EI of MIR showed the strongest correlation with FEV1/FVC (r = -0.437). WA% showed a significant correlation with FEV1 in all the reconstruction algorithms (all p < 0.05) correlated significantly with FEV1/FVC for MIR only (p < 0.001). The WA% of MIR showed the strongest correlations with FEV1 (r = -0.205) and FEV1/FVC (r = -0.250). In subgroup analysis, the EI of MIR had the strongest correlation with PFT in both ever-smoker and never-smoker subgroups, although there was no significant difference in the EI between the reconstruction algorithms. WA% of MIR showed a significantly thinner airway thickness than the other algorithms (49.7 ± 7.6 in ever-smokers and 49.5 ± 7.5 in never-smokers, all p < 0.001), and also showed the strongest correlation with PFT in both ever-smoker and never-smoker subgroups. Conclusion CT quantification of low lung attenuation areas and airways by means of MIR showed the strongest correlation with PFT results among the algorithms used, in normal subjects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Da Jung Kim
- Department of Radiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan 15355, Korea
| | - Cherry Kim
- Department of Radiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan 15355, Korea
| | - Chol Shin
- Department of Pulmonology, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan 15355, Korea
| | - Seung Ku Lee
- Institute for Human Genomic Study, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan 15355, Korea
| | - Chang Sub Ko
- Department of Radiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan 15355, Korea
| | - Ki Yeol Lee
- Department of Radiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan 15355, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kim C, Lee KY, Shin C, Kang EY, Oh YW, Ha M, Ko CS, Cha J. Comparison of Filtered Back Projection, Hybrid Iterative Reconstruction, Model-Based Iterative Reconstruction, and Virtual Monoenergetic Reconstruction Images at Both Low- and Standard-Dose Settings in Measurement of Emphysema Volume and Airway Wall Thickness: A CT Phantom Study. Korean J Radiol 2018; 19:809-817. [PMID: 29962888 PMCID: PMC6005943 DOI: 10.3348/kjr.2018.19.4.809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the accuracy of emphysema volume (EV) and airway measurements (AMs) produced by various iterative reconstruction (IR) algorithms and virtual monoenergetic images (VME) at both low- and standard-dose settings. Materials and Methods Computed tomography (CT) images were obtained on phantom at both low- (30 mAs at 120 kVp) and standard-doses (100 mAs at 120 kVp). Each CT scan was reconstructed using filtered back projection, hybrid IR (iDose4; Philips Healthcare), model-based IR (IMR-R1, IMR-ST1, IMR-SP1; Philips Healthcare), and VME at 70 keV (VME70). The EV of each air column and wall area percentage (WA%) of each airway tube were measured in all algorithms. Absolute percentage measurement errors of EV (APEvol) and AM (APEWA%) were then calculated. Results Emphysema volume was most accurately measured in IMR-R1 (APEvol in low-dose, 0.053 ± 0.002; APEvol in standard-dose, 0.047 ± 0.003; all p < 0.001) and AM was the most accurate in IMR-SP1 on both low- and standard-doses CT (APEWA% in low-dose, 0.067 ± 0.002; APEWA% in standard-dose, 0.06 ± 0.003; all p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in the APEvol of IMR-R1 between low- and standard-doses (all p > 0.05). VME70 showed a significantly higher APEvol than iDose4, IMR-R1, and IMR-ST1 (all p < 0.004). VME70 also showed a significantly higher APEWA% compared with the other algorithms (all p < 0.001). Conclusion IMR was the most accurate technique for measurement of both EV and airway wall thickness. However, VME70 did not show a significantly better accuracy compared with other algorithms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cherry Kim
- Department of Radiology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan 15355, Korea
| | - Ki Yeol Lee
- Department of Radiology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan 15355, Korea
| | - Chol Shin
- Department of Pulmonology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan 15355, Korea
| | - Eun-Young Kang
- Department of Radiology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 08308, Korea
| | - Yu-Whan Oh
- Department of Radiology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Moin Ha
- Department of Radiology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan 15355, Korea
| | - Chang Sub Ko
- Department of Radiology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan 15355, Korea
| | - Jaehyung Cha
- Medical Science Research Center, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan 15355, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kandathil A, Kay F, Batra K, Saboo SS, Rajiah P. Advances in Computed Tomography in Thoracic Imaging. Semin Roentgenol 2018; 53:157-170. [PMID: 29861007 DOI: 10.1053/j.ro.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asha Kandathil
- Cardiothoracic Imaging, Radiology Department, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Fernando Kay
- Cardiothoracic Imaging, Radiology Department, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Kiran Batra
- Cardiothoracic Imaging, Radiology Department, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Sachin S Saboo
- Cardiothoracic Imaging, Radiology Department, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Prabhakar Rajiah
- Cardiothoracic Imaging, Radiology Department, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Vegas-Sánchez-Ferrero G, Ledesma-Carbayo MJ, Washko GR, Estépar RSJ. Autocalibration method for non-stationary CT bias correction. Med Image Anal 2017; 44:115-125. [PMID: 29247875 DOI: 10.1016/j.media.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Computed tomography (CT) is a widely used imaging modality for screening and diagnosis. However, the deleterious effects of radiation exposure inherent in CT imaging require the development of image reconstruction methods which can reduce exposure levels. The development of iterative reconstruction techniques is now enabling the acquisition of low-dose CT images whose quality is comparable to that of CT images acquired with much higher radiation dosages. However, the characterization and calibration of the CT signal due to changes in dosage and reconstruction approaches is crucial to provide clinically relevant data. Although CT scanners are calibrated as part of the imaging workflow, the calibration is limited to select global reference values and does not consider other inherent factors of the acquisition that depend on the subject scanned (e.g. photon starvation, partial volume effect, beam hardening) and result in a non-stationary noise response. In this work, we analyze the effect of reconstruction biases caused by non-stationary noise and propose an autocalibration methodology to compensate it. Our contributions are: 1) the derivation of a functional relationship between observed bias and non-stationary noise, 2) a robust and accurate method to estimate the local variance, 3) an autocalibration methodology that does not necessarily rely on a calibration phantom, attenuates the bias caused by noise and removes the systematic bias observed in devices from different vendors. The validation of the proposed methodology was performed with a physical phantom and clinical CT scans acquired with different configurations (kernels, doses, algorithms including iterative reconstruction). The results confirmed the suitability of the proposed methods for removing the intra-device and inter-device reconstruction biases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Vegas-Sánchez-Ferrero
- Applied Chest Imaging Laboratory (ACIL), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 1249 Boylston St. 02115, Boston, MA, USA; Biomedical Image Technologies Laboratory (BIT), ETSI Telecomunicacion, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, and CIBER-BBN, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Maria J Ledesma-Carbayo
- Biomedical Image Technologies Laboratory (BIT), ETSI Telecomunicacion, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, and CIBER-BBN, Madrid, Spain
| | - George R Washko
- Applied Chest Imaging Laboratory (ACIL), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 1249 Boylston St. 02115, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Raúl San José Estépar
- Applied Chest Imaging Laboratory (ACIL), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 1249 Boylston St. 02115, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Leutz-Schmidt P, Weinheimer O, Jobst BJ, Dinkel J, Biederer J, Kauczor HU, Puderbach MU, Wielpütz MO. Influence of exposure parameters and iterative reconstruction on automatic airway segmentation and analysis on MDCT-An ex vivo phantom study. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182268. [PMID: 28767732 PMCID: PMC5540604 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the influence of exposure parameters and raw-data-based iterative reconstruction (IR) on computer-aided segmentation and quantitative analysis of the tracheobronchial tree on multidetector computed tomography (MDCT). MATERIAL AND METHODS 10 porcine heart-lung-explants were mounted inside a dedicated chest phantom. MDCT was performed at 120kV and 80kV with 120, 60, 30 and 12 mAs each. All scans were reconstructed with filtered back projection (FBP) or IR, resulting in a total of 160 datasets. The maximum number of detected airway segments, most peripheral airway generation detected, generation-specific airway wall thickness (WT), total diameter (TD) and normalized wall thickness (pi10) were compared. RESULTS The number of detected airway segments decreased slightly with dose (324.8±118 at 120kV/120mAs vs. 288.9±130 at 80kV/30mAs with FBP, p<0.05) and was not changed by IR. The 20th generation was constantly detected as most peripheral. WT did not change significantly with exposure parameters and reconstruction algorithm across all generations: range 1st generation 2.4-2.7mm, 5th 1.0-1.1mm, and 10th 0.7mm with FBP; 1st 2.3-2.4mm, 5th 1.0-1.1mm, and 10th 0.7-0.8mm with IR. pi10 was not affected as well (range 0.32-0.34mm). CONCLUSIONS Exposure parameters and IR had no relevant influence on measured airway parameters even for WT <1mm. Thus, no systematic errors would be expected using automatic airway analysis with low-dose MDCT and IR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Leutz-Schmidt
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC) Heidelberg, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology with Nuclear Medicine, Thoraxklinik at University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Oliver Weinheimer
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC) Heidelberg, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology with Nuclear Medicine, Thoraxklinik at University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bertram J. Jobst
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC) Heidelberg, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology with Nuclear Medicine, Thoraxklinik at University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julien Dinkel
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC) Heidelberg, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology with Nuclear Medicine, Thoraxklinik at University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Biederer
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC) Heidelberg, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
- Radiologie Darmstadt, Gross-Gerau County Hospital, Gross-Gerau, Germany
- Department of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (dkfz), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Kauczor
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC) Heidelberg, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology with Nuclear Medicine, Thoraxklinik at University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael U. Puderbach
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC) Heidelberg, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology with Nuclear Medicine, Thoraxklinik at University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (dkfz), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mark O. Wielpütz
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC) Heidelberg, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology with Nuclear Medicine, Thoraxklinik at University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (dkfz), Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hammond E, Sloan C, Newell JD, Sieren JP, Saylor M, Vidal C, Hogue S, De Stefano F, Sieren A, Hoffman EA, Sieren JC. Comparison of low- and ultralow-dose computed tomography protocols for quantitative lung and airway assessment. Med Phys 2017; 44:4747-4757. [PMID: 28657201 DOI: 10.1002/mp.12436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Quantitative computed tomography (CT) measures are increasingly being developed and used to characterize lung disease. With recent advances in CT technologies, we sought to evaluate the quantitative accuracy of lung imaging at low- and ultralow-radiation doses with the use of iterative reconstruction (IR), tube current modulation (TCM), and spectral shaping. METHODS We investigated the effect of five independent CT protocols reconstructed with IR on quantitative airway measures and global lung measures using an in vivo large animal model as a human subject surrogate. A control protocol was chosen (NIH-SPIROMICS + TCM) and five independent protocols investigating TCM, low- and ultralow-radiation dose, and spectral shaping. For all scans, quantitative global parenchymal measurements (mean, median and standard deviation of the parenchymal HU, along with measures of emphysema) and global airway measurements (number of segmented airways and pi10) were generated. In addition, selected individual airway measurements (minor and major inner diameter, wall thickness, inner and outer area, inner and outer perimeter, wall area fraction, and inner equivalent circle diameter) were evaluated. Comparisons were made between control and target protocols using difference and repeatability measures. RESULTS Estimated CT volume dose index (CTDIvol) across all protocols ranged from 7.32 mGy to 0.32 mGy. Low- and ultralow-dose protocols required more manual editing and resolved fewer airway branches; yet, comparable pi10 whole lung measures were observed across all protocols. Similar trends in acquired parenchymal and airway measurements were observed across all protocols, with increased measurement differences using the ultralow-dose protocols. However, for small airways (1.9 ± 0.2 mm) and medium airways (5.7 ± 0.4 mm), the measurement differences across all protocols were comparable to the control protocol repeatability across breath holds. Diameters, wall thickness, wall area fraction, and equivalent diameter had smaller measurement differences than area and perimeter measurements. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the use of IR with low- and ultralow-dose CT protocols with CT volume dose indices down to 0.32 mGy maintains selected quantitative parenchymal and airway measurements relevant to pulmonary disease characterization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Hammond
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, 1402 Seamans Center, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Chelsea Sloan
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - John D Newell
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, 1402 Seamans Center, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Jered P Sieren
- Department of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Melissa Saylor
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Craig Vidal
- Department of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Shayna Hogue
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Frank De Stefano
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Alexa Sieren
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Eric A Hoffman
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, 1402 Seamans Center, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.,Imaging services, VIDA Diagnostics, Inc., 2500 Crosspark Road, W250 BioVentures Center, Coralville, IA, 52241, USA
| | - Jessica C Sieren
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, 1402 Seamans Center, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Katsura M, Sato J, Akahane M, Mise Y, Sumida K, Abe O. Effects of pure and hybrid iterative reconstruction algorithms on high-resolution computed tomography in the evaluation of interstitial lung disease. Eur J Radiol 2017; 93:243-251. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
25
|
Rodriguez A, Ranallo FN, Judy PF, Fain SB. The effects of iterative reconstruction and kernel selection on quantitative computed tomography measures of lung density. Med Phys 2017; 44:2267-2280. [PMID: 28376262 DOI: 10.1002/mp.12255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the effects of iterative reconstruction (IR) and high-frequency kernels on quantitative computed tomography (qCT) density measures at reduced X-ray dose. MATERIALS AND METHODS The COPDGene 2 Phantom (CTP 698, The Phantom Laboratory, Salem, NY) with four embedded lung mimicking foam densities (12lb, 20lb, and 4lb), as well as water, air, and acrylic reference inserts, was imaged using a GE 64 slice CT750 HD scanner in helical mode with four current-time products ranging from 12 to 100 mAs. The raw acquired data were reconstructed using standard (STD - low frequency) and Bone (high frequency) kernels with filtered back projection (FBP), 100% ASiR, and Veo reconstruction algorithms. The reference density inserts were manually segmented using Slicer3D (www.slicer.org), and the mean, standard deviation, and histograms of the segmented regions were generated using Fiji (http://fiji.sc/Fiji) for each reconstruction. Measurements of threshold values placed on the cumulative frequency distribution of voxels determined by these measured histograms at 5%, PD5phant , and 15%, PD15phant , (analogous to the relative area below -950 HU (RA-950) and percent density 15 (PD15) in human lung emphysema quantification, respectively), were also performed. RESULTS The use of high-resolution kernels in conjunction with ASiR and Veo did not significantly affect the mean Hounsfield units (HU) of each of the density standards (< 4 HU deviation) and current-time products within the phantom when compared with the STD+FBP reconstruction conventionally used in clinical applications. A truncation of the scanner reported HU values at -1024 that shifts the mean toward more positive values was found to cause a systematic error in lower attenuating regions. Use of IR drove convergence toward the mean of measured histograms (~100-137% increase in the number measured voxels at the mean of the histogram), while the combination of Bone+ASiR preserved the standard deviation of HU values about the mean compared to STD+FBP, with the added effect of improved spatial resolution and accuracy in airway measures. PD5phant and PD15phant were most similar between the Bone+ASiR and STD+FBP in all regions except those affected by the -1024 truncation artifact. CONCLUSIONS Extension of the scanner reportable HU values below the present limit of -1024 will mitigate discrepancies found in qCT lung densitometry in low-density regions. The density histogram became more sharply peaked, and standard deviation was reduced for IR, directly effecting density thresholds, PD5phant and PD15phant, placed on the cumulative frequency distribution of each region in the phantom, which serve as analogs to RA-950 and PD15 typically used in lung density quantitation. The combination of high-frequency kernels (Bone) with ASiR mitigates this effect and preserves density measures derived from the image histogram. Moreover, previous studies have shown improved accuracy of qCT airway measures of wall thickness (WT) and wall area percentage (WA%) when using high-frequency kernels in combination with ASiR to better represent airway walls. The results therefore suggest an IR approach for accurate assessment of airway and parenchymal density measures in the lungs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Rodriguez
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Frank N Ranallo
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Sean B Fain
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin School of Engineering, Madison, WI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kubo T, Ohno Y, Seo JB, Yamashiro T, Kalender WA, Lee CH, Lynch DA, Kauczor HU, Hatabu H. Securing safe and informative thoracic CT examinations—Progress of radiation dose reduction techniques. Eur J Radiol 2017; 86:313-319. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2016.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
27
|
Impact of iterative reconstructions on objective and subjective emphysema assessment with computed tomography: a prospective study. Eur Radiol 2016; 27:2950-2956. [DOI: 10.1007/s00330-016-4641-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
28
|
Barras H, Dunet V, Hachulla AL, Grimm J, Beigelman-Aubry C. Influence of model based iterative reconstruction algorithm on image quality of multiplanar reformations in reduced dose chest CT. Acta Radiol Open 2016; 5:2058460116662299. [PMID: 27635253 PMCID: PMC5012508 DOI: 10.1177/2058460116662299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Model-based iterative reconstruction (MBIR) reduces image noise and improves image quality (IQ) but its influence on post-processing tools including maximal intensity projection (MIP) and minimal intensity projection (mIP) remains unknown. Purpose To evaluate the influence on IQ of MBIR on native, mIP, MIP axial and coronal reformats of reduced dose computed tomography (RD-CT) chest acquisition. Material and Methods Raw data of 50 patients, who underwent a standard dose CT (SD-CT) and a follow-up RD-CT with a CT dose index (CTDI) of 2–3 mGy, were reconstructed by MBIR and FBP. Native slices, 4-mm-thick MIP, and 3-mm-thick mIP axial and coronal reformats were generated. The relative IQ, subjective IQ, image noise, and number of artifacts were determined in order to compare different reconstructions of RD-CT with reference SD-CT. Results The lowest noise was observed with MBIR. RD-CT reconstructed by MBIR exhibited the best relative and subjective IQ on coronal view regardless of the post-processing tool. MBIR generated the lowest rate of artefacts on coronal mIP/MIP reformats and the highest one on axial reformats, mainly represented by distortions and stairsteps artifacts. Conclusion The MBIR algorithm reduces image noise but generates more artifacts than FBP on axial mIP and MIP reformats of RD-CT. Conversely, it significantly improves IQ on coronal views, without increasing artifacts, regardless of the post-processing technique.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heloise Barras
- Department of Radiodiagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Dunet
- Division of Radiology, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Jochen Grimm
- Department of Radiodiagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Catherine Beigelman-Aubry
- Department of Radiodiagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Pompe E, van Rikxoort EM, Mets OM, Charbonnier JP, Kuhnigk JM, de Koning HJ, Oudkerk M, Vliegenthart R, Zanen P, Lammers JWJ, van Ginneken B, de Jong PA, Mohamed Hoesein FAA. Follow-up of CT-derived airway wall thickness: Correcting for changes in inspiration level improves reliability. Eur J Radiol 2016; 85:2008-2013. [PMID: 27776653 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2016.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Airway wall thickness (AWT) is affected by changes in lung volume. This study evaluated whether correcting AWT on computed tomography (CT) for differences in inspiration level improves measurement agreement, reliability, and power to detect changes over time. METHODS Participants of the Dutch-Belgian lung cancer screening trial who underwent 3-month repeat CT for an indeterminate pulmonary nodule were included. AWT on CT was calculated by the square root of the wall area at a theoretical airway with an internal perimeter of 10mm (Pi10). The scan with the highest lung volume was labelled as the reference scan and the scan with the lowest lung volume was labelled as the comparison scan. Pi10 derived from the comparison scan was corrected by multiplying it with the ratio of CT lung volume of the comparison scan to CT lung volume on the reference scan. Agreement of uncorrected and corrected Pi10 was studied with the Bland-Altman method, reliability with intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC), and power to detect changes over time was calculated. RESULTS 315 male participants were included. Limit of agreement and reliability for Pi10 was -0.61 to 0.57mm (ICC=0.87), which improved to -0.38 to 0.37mm (ICC=0.94) after correction for inspiration level. To detect a 15% change over 3 months, 71 subjects are needed for Pi10 and 26 subjects for Pi10 adjusted for inspiration level. CONCLUSIONS Correcting Pi10 for differences in inspiration level improves reliability, agreement, and power to detect changes over time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esther Pompe
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Eva M van Rikxoort
- Department of Radiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Onno M Mets
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jean-Paul Charbonnier
- Department of Radiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan-Martin Kuhnigk
- Institute for Medical Image Computing, Fraunhofer MEVIS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Harry J de Koning
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matthijs Oudkerk
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Department of Radiology, The Netherlands
| | - Rozemarijn Vliegenthart
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Department of Radiology, The Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Medical Imaging-North East Netherlands, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter Zanen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan-Willem J Lammers
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bram van Ginneken
- Department of Radiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Pim A de Jong
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Emphysema Quantification Using Ultralow-Dose CT With Iterative Reconstruction and Filtered Back Projection. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2016; 206:1184-92. [PMID: 27058307 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.15.15684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate agreement between standard-dose CT (SDCT) and ultralow-dose CT (ULDCT) findings with respect to emphysema quantification. ULDCT images were reconstructed with and without iterative reconstruction (IR). Adaptive iterative dose reduction with 3D processing was used for IR. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty patients who underwent SDCT and ULDCT were included. The tube current for SDCT was 250 mA, and that for ULDCT was 10 mA. SDCT, ULDCT without IR, and ULDCT with IR were used for emphysema quantification. The low-attenuation volume percentage (LAV%) in the lungs at four thresholds (-970, -950, -930, and -910 HU), mean lung attenuation, and total lung volume were computed. Concordance correlation coefficients (CCC) were used to assess the agreement of emphysema quantification between SDCT and ULDCT. RESULTS The LAV% CCC values were 0.310-0.789 between SDCT and ULDCT without IR and 0.934-0.966 between SDCT and ULDCT with IR. The agreement of LAV% improved when IR was used for ULDCT. The mean lung attenuation CCC value between SDCT and ULDCT without IR was substantial (0.957), whereas that between SDCT and ULDCT with IR was poor (0.890). The total lung volume CCC values were substantial (0.982 with IR, 0.983 without IR). CONCLUSION ULDCT with and without IR can substitute for SDCT in emphysema quantification.
Collapse
|
31
|
Zhou Y, Xu H, Hou P, Dong JQ, Wang MY, Gao JB. Monochromatic Spectral Computed Tomography with Low Iodine Concentration Contrast Medium in a Rabbit VX2 Liver Model:: Investigation of Image Quality and Detection Rate. Acad Radiol 2016; 23:486-95. [PMID: 26795435 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES This study aimed to validate the feasibility of using virtual monochromatic spectral computed tomography (CT) with isotonic low iodine concentration contrast medium for VX2 hepatic tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty New Zealand white rabbits with implanted VX2 hepatic tumors underwent two-phase contrast-enhanced spectral CT imaging on the 14th day after tumor implantation. They were randomly divided into groups A, B, and C, with 20 rabbits each (group A: 270 mg I/mL, monochromatic spectral images; group B: 370 mg I/mL, conventional 120 kVp images, 100% filtered back projection [FBP]; group C: 270 mg I/mL, conventional 120 kVp images, 100% FBP). Group A was further divided into two subgroups (subgroup A1: 100% FBP; subgroup A2: 50% FBP + 50% adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction). Objective evaluation (signal-to-noise ratio [SNR], contrast-to-noise ratio [CNR], and image noise), subjective rating score (image noise score, anatomical details score, overall image quality score, and lesion conspicuity score), CT dose index volume, and dose length product were compared between groups during two-phase contrast enhancement. The detection rates of the four groups were calculated as percentages. RESULTS Image noise (SNR and CNR) among the four groups was statistically significant (P <0.05). The image noise in group A2 was lower than in group A1, but higher than that in groups B and C (P <0.05). SNR and CNR in group A2 were the highest, followed by group A1, and group C was the lowest (P <0.05 for all). The image noise score of group A2 was higher than that of the other three groups. In terms of the anatomic details score, the overall image quality score, and the lesion conspicuity score, the images of group A2 were superior to that of groups A1 and C. For hepatic tumor diameters more than or equal to 1.0 cm and less than 3.0 cm, group A achieved a higher detection rate than groups B and C. The CT dose index volume, dose length product, and effective dose in group A were significantly lower than that in groups B and C (P <0.05). On average, group A reduced the effective radiation dose by 27.2% compared to group B, whereas group B reduced the effective radiation dose by 28% compared to group C. Group A reduced the iodine load by 22.86% compared to group B. CONCLUSIONS The use of monochromatic images combined with 50% adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction with an isotonic low concentration contrast medium of 270 mg I/mL can optimize image quality, reduce image noise, increase detection rate for small tumors, and decrease radiation dose and iodine load in hepatic tumor CT examinations.
Collapse
|
32
|
Influence of Sinogram-Affirmed Iterative Reconstruction on Computed Tomography–Based Lung Volumetry and Quantification of Pulmonary Emphysema. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2016; 40:96-101. [DOI: 10.1097/rct.0000000000000313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
33
|
Koyama H, Ohno Y, Fujisawa Y, Seki S, Negi N, Murakami T, Yoshikawa T, Sugihara N, Nishimura Y, Sugimura K. 3D lung motion assessments on inspiratory/expiratory thin-section CT: Capability for pulmonary functional loss of smoking-related COPD in comparison with lung destruction and air trapping. Eur J Radiol 2015; 85:352-9. [PMID: 26781140 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2015.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 11/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the utility of three-dimensional (3D) lung motion on inspiratory and expiratory CT for pulmonary functional loss in smoking-related COPD in comparison with lung destruction and air trapping assessments. METHOD AND MATERIALS Forty-four consecutive smokers and COPD patients prospectively underwent inspiratory and expiratory CT. A 3D motion vector map was generated from these CTs, and regional motion magnitudes were measured at the horizontal axis (X-axis), the ventrodorsal axis (Y-axis), and the craniocaudal axis (Z-axis). All mean magnitudes within the entire lung (MMLX, MMLY, and MMLZ) were normalized by expiratory CT lung volume. Moreover, CT-based functional lung volume (FLV) on inspiratory CT and air trapping lung volume (ATLV) on expiratory CT were assessed quantitatively. To evaluate the capability for pulmonary function loss assessment, all MMLs were correlated with pulmonary function tests. Then, discrimination analysis was performed to determine the concordance capability for clinical stage, and correct classification capabilities were compared by means of McNemar's test. RESULTS Multiple regression analysis showed MMLY (β=0.657, p<0.001) and FLV (β=0.375, p=0.019) were correlated with percentage of predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second. Correct classification capabilities using patient characteristics and MMLs (68.2 (30/44)%) were significantly higher than those obtained by patient characteristics, FLV, and ATLV (54.5 (24/44)%), p=0.031). CONCLUSION 3D lung motion parameter assessment is useful for smoking-related COPD assessment as well as lung parenchymal destruction and/or air trapping evaluations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hisanobu Koyama
- Division of Radiology, Department of Radiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.
| | - Yoshiharu Ohno
- Advanced Biomedical Imaging Research Center, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan; Division of Functional and Diagnostic Imaging Research, Department of Radiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yasuko Fujisawa
- Toshiba Medical Systems Corporation, Otawara, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Seki
- Division of Radiology, Department of Radiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Negi
- Center for Radiology and Radiation Oncology, Kobe University Hospital, Japan
| | - Tohru Murakami
- Center for Radiology and Radiation Oncology, Kobe University Hospital, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yoshikawa
- Advanced Biomedical Imaging Research Center, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan; Division of Functional and Diagnostic Imaging Research, Department of Radiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Naoki Sugihara
- Toshiba Medical Systems Corporation, Otawara, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Nishimura
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kazuro Sugimura
- Division of Radiology, Department of Radiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Ohno Y, Koyama H, Fujisawa Y, Yoshikawa T, Inokawa H, Sugihara N, Seki S, Sugimura K. Hybrid Type iterative reconstruction method vs. filter back projection method: Capability for radiation dose reduction and perfusion assessment on dynamic first-pass contrast-enhanced perfusion chest area-detector CT. Eur J Radiol 2015; 85:164-175. [PMID: 26724662 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2015.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To directly compare the capability of hybrid-type iterative reconstruction (i.e., adaptive iterative dose reduction using 3D processing: AIDR 3D) and filter back projection (FBP) for radiation dose reduction during dynamic contrast-enhanced (CE-) perfusion area-detector CT (ADCT) for lung and nodule perfusion assessment. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-six patients with lung cancers who underwent perfusion ADCT (SD-ADCT) at 120 mA and were enrolled in this study. ADCT data at 80 mA (reduced-dose ADCT: RD-ADCT), 60 mA (low-dose ADCT: LD-ADCT) and 40 mA (very low-dose ADCT: VLD-ADCT) were computationally simulated using SD-ADCT data, and reconstructed with and without AIDR 3D. Image noise and lung and nodule perfusion parameters were evaluated using ROI measurements. To determine the utility of AIDR 3D for dose reduction, image noise was compared between each protocol with and without AIDR 3D by means of the t-test. Correlations and limits of agreement for parameters obtained with SD-ADCT and other protocols were also evaluated. RESULTS Image noise of all protocols with AIDR 3D was significantly lower than that of LD-ADCT and VLD-ADCT without AIDR 3D (p<0.05). Significant correlations for image noise between SD-ADCT and all protocols with AIDR 3D (0.45 ≤ r ≤ 0.99, p<0.0001) were equal to or better than that without AIDR 3D (0.28 ≤ r ≤ 0.99, p<0.0001). The limits of agreement for perfusion parameters with AIDR 3D were smaller than those without AIDR 3D for each tube current. CONCLUSION AIDR 3D is more effective than FBP for dose reduction of perfusion ADCT while maintaining image quality and reducing measurement errors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiharu Ohno
- Division of Functional and Diagnostic Imaging Research, Department of Radiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan; Advanced Biomedical Imaging Research Center, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.
| | - Hisanobu Koyama
- Division of Radiology, Department of Radiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yasuko Fujisawa
- Toshiba Medical Systems Corporation, Otawara, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yoshikawa
- Division of Functional and Diagnostic Imaging Research, Department of Radiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan; Advanced Biomedical Imaging Research Center, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | | | - Naoki Sugihara
- Toshiba Medical Systems Corporation, Otawara, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Seki
- Division of Radiology, Department of Radiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Kazuro Sugimura
- Division of Radiology, Department of Radiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
|
36
|
CT Dose Reduction for Visceral Adipose Tissue Measurement: Effects of Model-Based and Adaptive Statistical Iterative Reconstructions and Filtered Back Projection. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2015; 204:W677-83. [PMID: 26001256 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.14.13411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of our study was to evaluate the effects of radiation dose reduction and the reconstruction algorithm used--filtered back projection (FBP), adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction (ASIR), or model-based iterative reconstruction (MBIR)--on the measurement of abdominal visceral fat using CT. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Standard-dose and low-dose abdominal CT examinations were performed simultaneously with automatic exposure control in 59 patients; the noise index for a 5-mm slice thickness was 12 for routine-dose CT and 24 for low-dose CT. The routine-dose CT images were reconstructed using FBP (reference standard), and the low-dose CT images were reconstructed using FBP, ASIR (so-called hybrid iterative reconstruction [IR]), and MBIR (so-called pure IR). In the 236 image series obtained, the visceral fat area was measured. Data were analyzed by the Pearson correlation coefficient test and a Bland-Altman difference analysis. RESULTS The radiation dose of the low-dose abdominal CT examinations was 73.0% (mean) lower than that of routine-dose CT examinations. Excellent correlations were observed between the visceral fat areas measured on the routine-dose FBP images and those measured on the low-dose FBP, low-dose ASIR, and low-dose MBIR images (r = 0.998, 0.998, and 0.998, respectively; p < 0.001). A Bland-Altman difference analysis revealed excellent agreements, with mean biases of -0.47, -0.41, and 0.18 cm(2) for the visceral fat area between the routine-dose FBP images and the low-dose FBP, low-dose ASIR, and low-dose MBIR images, respectively. CONCLUSION A 73.0% reduction of the radiation dose would be possible in CT for the measurement of the abdominal visceral fat regardless of which reconstruction algorithm is used (i.e., FBP, hybrid IR, or pure IR).
Collapse
|
37
|
Qualitative and quantitative assessment of smoking-related lung disease: effect of iterative reconstruction on low-dose computed tomographic examinations. J Thorac Imaging 2015; 29:350-6. [PMID: 25314025 DOI: 10.1097/rti.0000000000000118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this research is to examine the role that differing levels of adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction (ASIR) have on the qualitative and quantitative assessment of smoking-related lung disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS Institutional board review approval was obtained. A total of 52 patients undergoing clinically indicated low-dose computed tomographic (CT) examinations of the chest (100 kVp, 65 mAs, mean radiation dose 1.0±0.12 mSv), with reconstruction of data with different levels of blended ASIR (0%, 40%, and 100%), were consented. Qualitative assessment of CT data sets was performed by 2 trained thoracic radiologists blinded to clinical history, spirometry, and quantitative data for the presence of emphysema (%/lung zone) and the degree of respiratory bronchiolitis. Quantitative analysis was performed (Apollo Image analysis, VIDA Diagnostics) to assess emphysema and airway measures of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. RESULTS The application of ASIR results in alterations in both qualitative and quantitative assessment of smoking-related lung disease. As levels of ASIR increased, both readers scored more respiratory bronchiolitis (P<0.05). At increased levels of ASIR (ie, 100% vs. 0%), the amount of emphysema measured (% below -950 HU) decreased, the number of airways measured diminished, and the airway thickness (Pi10mm) increased (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS The use of ASIR alters both the qualitative and quantitative assessment of smoking-related lung disease. Although a powerful tool to allow dose reduction, caution must be exercised when iterative reconstruction techniques are utilized when evaluating CT examinations for findings of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Collapse
|
38
|
Visual vs Fully Automatic Histogram-Based Assessment of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) Progression Using Sequential Multidetector Computed Tomography (MDCT). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130653. [PMID: 26110421 PMCID: PMC4482435 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To describe changes over time in extent of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) at multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) assessed by semi-quantitative visual scores (VSs) and fully automatic histogram-based quantitative evaluation and to test the relationship between these two methods of quantification. Methods Forty IPF patients (median age: 70 y, interquartile: 62-75 years; M:F, 33:7) that underwent 2 MDCT at different time points with a median interval of 13 months (interquartile: 10-17 months) were retrospectively evaluated. In-house software YACTA quantified automatically lung density histogram (10th-90th percentile in 5th percentile steps). Longitudinal changes in VSs and in the percentiles of attenuation histogram were obtained in 20 untreated patients and 20 patients treated with pirfenidone. Pearson correlation analysis was used to test the relationship between VSs and selected percentiles. Results In follow-up MDCT, visual overall extent of parenchymal abnormalities (OE) increased in median by 5 %/year (interquartile: 0 %/y; +11 %/y). Substantial difference was found between treated and untreated patients in HU changes of the 40th and of the 80th percentiles of density histogram. Correlation analysis between VSs and selected percentiles showed higher correlation between the changes (Δ) in OE and Δ 40th percentile (r=0.69; p<0.001) as compared to Δ 80th percentile (r=0.58; p<0.001); closer correlation was found between Δ ground-glass extent and Δ 40th percentile (r=0.66, p<0.001) as compared to Δ 80th percentile (r=0.47, p=0.002), while the Δ reticulations correlated better with the Δ 80th percentile (r=0.56, p<0.001) in comparison to Δ 40th percentile (r=0.43, p=0.003). Conclusions There is a relevant and fully automatically measurable difference at MDCT in VSs and in histogram analysis at one year follow-up of IPF patients, whether treated or untreated: Δ 40th percentile might reflect the change in overall extent of lung abnormalities, notably of ground-glass pattern; furthermore Δ 80th percentile might reveal the course of reticular opacities.
Collapse
|
39
|
Normalizing computed tomography data reconstructed with different filter kernels: effect on emphysema quantification. Eur Radiol 2015; 26:478-86. [PMID: 26002132 PMCID: PMC4712239 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-015-3824-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Objectives To propose and evaluate a method to reduce variability in emphysema quantification among different computed tomography (CT) reconstructions by normalizing CT data reconstructed with varying kernels. Methods We included 369 subjects from the COPDGene study. For each subject, spirometry and a chest CT reconstructed with two kernels were obtained using two different scanners. Normalization was performed by frequency band decomposition with hierarchical unsharp masking to standardize the energy in each band to a reference value. Emphysema scores (ES), the percentage of lung voxels below -950 HU, were computed before and after normalization. Bland-Altman analysis and correlation between ES and spirometry before and after normalization were compared. Two mixed cohorts, containing data from all scanners and kernels, were created to simulate heterogeneous acquisition parameters. Results The average difference in ES between kernels decreased for the scans obtained with both scanners after normalization (7.7 ± 2.7 to 0.3 ± 0.7; 7.2 ± 3.8 to -0.1 ± 0.5). Correlation coefficients between ES and FEV1, and FEV1/FVC increased significantly for the mixed cohorts. Conclusions Normalization of chest CT data reduces variation in emphysema quantification due to reconstruction filters and improves correlation between ES and spirometry. Key Points • Emphysema quantification is sensitive to the reconstruction kernel used. • Normalization allows comparison of emphysema quantification from images reconstructed with varying kernels. • Normalization allows comparison of emphysema quantification obtained with scanners from different manufacturers. • Normalization improves correlation of emphysema quantification with spirometry. • Normalization can be used to compare data from different studies and centers.
Collapse
|
40
|
Yamashiro T, Miyara T, Honda O, Tomiyama N, Ohno Y, Noma S, Murayama S. Iterative reconstruction for quantitative computed tomography analysis of emphysema: consistent results using different tube currents. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2015; 10:321-7. [PMID: 25709426 PMCID: PMC4334310 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s74810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To assess the advantages of iterative reconstruction for quantitative computed tomography (CT) analysis of pulmonary emphysema. Materials and methods Twenty-two patients with pulmonary emphysema underwent chest CT imaging using identical scanners with three different tube currents: 240, 120, and 60 mA. Scan data were converted to CT images using Adaptive Iterative Dose Reduction using Three Dimensional Processing (AIDR3D) and a conventional filtered-back projection mode. Thus, six scans with and without AIDR3D were generated per patient. All other scanning and reconstruction settings were fixed. The percent low attenuation area (LAA%; < −950 Hounsfield units) and the lung density 15th percentile were automatically measured using a commercial workstation. Comparisons of LAA% and 15th percentile results between scans with and without using AIDR3D were made by Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. Associations between body weight and measurement errors among these scans were evaluated by Spearman rank correlation analysis. Results Overall, scan series without AIDR3D had higher LAA% and lower 15th percentile values than those with AIDR3D at each tube current (P<0.0001). For scan series without AIDR3D, lower tube currents resulted in higher LAA% values and lower 15th percentiles. The extent of emphysema was significantly different between each pair among scans when not using AIDR3D (LAA%, P<0.0001; 15th percentile, P<0.01), but was not significantly different between each pair among scans when using AIDR3D. On scans without using AIDR3D, measurement errors between different tube current settings were significantly correlated with patients’ body weights (P<0.05), whereas these errors between scans when using AIDR3D were insignificantly or minimally correlated with body weight. Conclusion The extent of emphysema was more consistent across different tube currents when CT scans were converted to CT images using AIDR3D than using a conventional filtered-back projection method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsuneo Yamashiro
- Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiro Miyara
- Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Osamu Honda
- Department of Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Tomiyama
- Department of Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Ohno
- Department of Radiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Noma
- Department of Radiology, Tenri Hospital, Tenri, Nara, Japan
| | - Sadayuki Murayama
- Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Variation of densitometry on computed tomography in COPD--influence of different software tools. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112898. [PMID: 25386874 PMCID: PMC4227864 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Quantitative multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) as a potential biomarker is increasingly used for severity assessment of emphysema in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Aim of this study was to evaluate the user-independent measurement variability between five different fully-automatic densitometry software tools. Material and Methods MDCT and full-body plethysmography incl. forced expiratory volume in 1s and total lung capacity were available for 49 patients with advanced COPD (age = 64±9 years, forced expiratory volume in 1s = 31±6% predicted). Measurement variation regarding lung volume, emphysema volume, emphysema index, and mean lung density was evaluated for two scientific and three commercially available lung densitometry software tools designed to analyze MDCT from different scanner types. Results One scientific tool and one commercial tool failed to process most or all datasets, respectively, and were excluded. One scientific and another commercial tool analyzed 49, the remaining commercial tool 30 datasets. Lung volume, emphysema volume, emphysema index and mean lung density were significantly different amongst these three tools (p<0.001). Limits of agreement for lung volume were [−0.195, −0.052l], [−0.305, −0.131l], and [−0.123, −0.052l] with correlation coefficients of r = 1.00 each. Limits of agreement for emphysema index were [−6.2, 2.9%], [−27.0, 16.9%], and [−25.5, 18.8%], with r = 0.79 to 0.98. Correlation of lung volume with total lung capacity was good to excellent (r = 0.77 to 0.91, p<0.001), but segmented lung volume (6.7±1.3 – 6.8±1.3l) were significantly lower than total lung capacity (7.7±1.7l, p<0.001). Conclusions Technical incompatibilities hindered evaluation of two of five tools. The remaining three showed significant measurement variation for emphysema, hampering quantitative MDCT as a biomarker in COPD. Follow-up studies should currently use identical software, and standardization efforts should encompass software as well.
Collapse
|
42
|
Notohamiprodjo S, Deak Z, Meurer F, Maertz F, Mueck FG, Geyer LL, Wirth S. Image quality of iterative reconstruction in cranial CT imaging: comparison of model-based iterative reconstruction (MBIR) and adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction (ASiR). Eur Radiol 2014; 25:140-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s00330-014-3374-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
43
|
Lynch DA. Progress in Imaging COPD, 2004 - 2014. CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASES (MIAMI, FLA.) 2014; 1:73-82. [PMID: 28848813 PMCID: PMC5559143 DOI: 10.15326/jcopdf.1.1.2014.0125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Computed tomography (CT) has contributed substantially to our understanding of COPD over the past decade. Visual and quantitative assessments of CT in COPD are complementary. Visual assessment should provide assessment of centrilobular, panlobular and paraseptal emphysema, airway wall thickening, bronchiectasis, findings of respiratory bronchiolitis, and enlargement of the pulmonary artery. Quantitative CT permits evaluation of severity of emphysema, airway wall thickening, and expiratory air trapping, and is now being used for longitudinal evaluation of the progression of COPD. Innovative techniques are being developed to use CT to characterize the pattern of emphysema and smoking- related respiratory bronchiolitis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography PET-CT are useful research tools in the evaluation of COPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David A Lynch
- Department of Radiology. National Jewish Health. Denver, CO
| |
Collapse
|