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Kenee PRM, Zimmer MS, Kamath RR, Son S, Gulde CH, Campbell JR, Jaffery SS, Patel BT. Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agents: Rationale for Use in Patients with Iodine Contrast or Shellfish Allergy? Anesth Analg 2024:00000539-990000000-00826. [PMID: 38833554 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000006976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Parker R M Kenee
- From the University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, Texas
| | - Mark S Zimmer
- From the University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, Texas
| | - Rohit R Kamath
- From the University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, Texas
| | - Sumin Son
- From the University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, Texas
| | - Christian H Gulde
- Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Management, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, Texas
| | - Jarrett R Campbell
- Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Management, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, Texas
| | - Syed S Jaffery
- Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Management, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, Texas
| | - Biral T Patel
- Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Management, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, Texas
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Gadolinium Enhances Dual-energy Computed Tomography Scan of Pulmonary Artery. Curr Med Sci 2022; 42:1310-1318. [PMID: 36190598 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-022-2621-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the feasibility of using gadopentetate dimeglumine (Gd-DTPA) for dual-energy computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA). METHODS Sixty-six patients were randomly divided into three groups and underwent CTPA. Group A had a turbo flash scan using an iohexol injection, Group B had a turbo flash scan using Gd-DTPA, and Group C had a dual-energy scan using Gd-DTPA. The original images of Group C were linearly blended with a blending factor of 0.5 or reconstructed at 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, and 110 keV, respectively. The groups were compared in terms of pulmonary artery CT value, image quality, and radiation dose. RESULTS The pulmonary artery CT values were significantly higher in Group C40keV than in Groups B and C, but lower than in Group A. There was no significant difference in the image noise of Groups C40keV, B, and C. Moreover, Group A had the largest beam hardening artifacts of the superior vena cava (SVC), followed by Groups B and C. Group C40keV showed better vascular branching than the other three groups, among which Group B was superior to Group A. The subjective score of the image quality of Groups A, B, and C showed no significant difference, but the score was significantly higher in Group C40keV than in Groups A and B. The radiation dose was significantly lower in Group B than in Groups A and C. CONCLUSION Gd-CTPA is recommended to patients who are unsuitable for receiving an iodine-based CTPA. Furthermore, a turbo flash scan could surpass a dual-energy scan without consideration for virtual monoenergetic imaging.
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Jawahar A, El-Bulbul J, Adams W, Joyce C, Yacoub J, Goldberg A. Safety profile of Gadoterate meglumine on the renal function of patients with severe kidney disease. Clin Imaging 2022; 91:126-131. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2022.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Gallo-Bernal S, Patino-Jaramillo N, Calixto CA, Higuera SA, Forero JF, Lara Fernandes J, Góngora C, Gee MS, Ghoshhajra B, Medina HM. Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease after the Use of Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agents: A Review for the Cardiovascular Imager. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12081816. [PMID: 36010167 PMCID: PMC9406537 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12081816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gadolinium-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance has revolutionized cardiac imaging in the last two decades and has emerged as an essential and powerful tool for the characterization and treatment guidance of a wide range of cardiovascular diseases. However, due to the high prevalence of chronic renal dysfunction in patients with cardiovascular conditions, the risk of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) after gadolinium exposure has been a permanent concern. Even though the newer macrocyclic agents have proven to be much safer in patients with chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal failure, clinicians must fully understand the clinical characteristics and risk factors of this devastating pathology and maintain a high degree of suspicion to prevent and recognize it. This review aimed to summarize the existing evidence regarding the physiopathology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and prevention of NSF related to the use of gadolinium-based contrast agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Gallo-Bernal
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA;
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
- Correspondence:
| | - Nasly Patino-Jaramillo
- Division of Cardiology, Fundacion Cardioinfantil-LaCardio, Bogota 110131, Colombia; (N.P.-J.); (S.A.H.); (H.M.M.)
| | - Camilo A. Calixto
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
- Department of Radiology Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sergio A. Higuera
- Division of Cardiology, Fundacion Cardioinfantil-LaCardio, Bogota 110131, Colombia; (N.P.-J.); (S.A.H.); (H.M.M.)
| | - Julian F. Forero
- Division of Radiology, Fundacion Cardioinfantil-LaCardio, Bogota 110131, Colombia;
| | - Juliano Lara Fernandes
- Jose Michel Kalaf Research Institute, Radiologia Clinica de Campinas, São Paulo 13092-123, Brazil;
| | - Carlos Góngora
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
- Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center (CIRC), Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (C.G.); (B.G.)
| | - Michael S. Gee
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA;
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Brian Ghoshhajra
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
- Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center (CIRC), Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (C.G.); (B.G.)
| | - Hector M. Medina
- Division of Cardiology, Fundacion Cardioinfantil-LaCardio, Bogota 110131, Colombia; (N.P.-J.); (S.A.H.); (H.M.M.)
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Systematic review: investigating the added diagnostic value of gadolinium contrast agents for osteomyelitis in the appendicular skeleton. Skeletal Radiol 2022; 51:1285-1296. [PMID: 34643771 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-021-03915-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osteomyelitis is an infection of the bone marrow. MRI with gadolinium-based contrast is frequently performed for cases of suspected osteomyelitis. The objective of this systematic review is to examine the diagnostic accuracy of contrast-enhanced vs non-contrast-enhanced MRI for osteomyelitis in the appendicular skeleton. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a systematic review of MRI in the diagnosis of osteomyelitis by searching MEDLINE and EMBASE from January 2000 to March 2020. There were 21 studies that met the inclusion criteria for the systematic review for a total of 1095 patients. Analytic methods were based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Evidence was evaluated using the STARD criteria for evaluation of completeness and transparency of reporting. RESULTS For diagnosing osteomyelitis in the appendicular skeleton, MRI with gadolinium-based contrast has 89% sensitivity (95% CI, 86-92%), 79% specificity (95% CI, 75-83%), and 90% overall diagnostic accuracy ([SE] = 0.03). For diagnosing osteomyelitis in the appendicular skeleton, MRI without gadolinium-based contrast has a 92% sensitivity (95% CI, 87-96%), 89% specificity (95% CI, 84-93%), and 96% overall diagnostic accuracy ([SE] = 0.03). The median score of included studies was 85% utilizing the STARD criteria with excellent interobserver agreement of 83.4%. Limitations included small sample size of studies, with retrospective designs. CONCLUSION No evidence was found to suggest an added diagnostic value of gadolinium contrast for the diagnosis of osteomyelitis in the appendicular skeleton. For routine cases of suspected non-spinal osteomyelitis, non-contrast MRI of the area of interest is the next most appropriate study after radiographs.
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Bassir F, Varghese S, Wang L, Chin YP, Zhou L. The Use of Electronic Health Records to Study Drug-Induced Hypersensitivity Reactions from 2000 to 2021. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2022; 42:453-497. [PMID: 35469629 PMCID: PMC9267416 DOI: 10.1016/j.iac.2022.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Electronic health records (EHRs) have revolutionized the field of drug hypersensitivity reaction (DHR) research. In this systematic review, we assessed 140 articles from 2000-2021, classifying them under six themes: observational studies (n=61), clinical documentation (n=27), case management (n=22), clinical decision support (CDS) (n=18), case identification (n=9), and genetic studies (n=3). EHRs provide convenient access to millions of medical records, facilitating epidemiological studies of DHRs. Though the goal of CDS is to promote safe drug prescribing, allergy alerts must be designed and used in a way that supports this effort. Ultimately, accurate allergy documentation is essential for DHR prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Bassir
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Primary Care, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 399 Revolution Drive, Suite 1315, Somerville, MA 02145, USA; Division of General Internal Medicine and Primary Care, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 399 Revolution Drive, Suite 1315, Somerville, MA 02145, USA.
| | - Sheril Varghese
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Primary Care, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 399 Revolution Drive, Suite 1315, Somerville, MA 02145, USA
| | - Liqin Wang
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Primary Care, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 399 Revolution Drive, Suite 1315, Somerville, MA 02145, USA
| | - Yen Po Chin
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Primary Care, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 399 Revolution Drive, Suite 1315, Somerville, MA 02145, USA
| | - Li Zhou
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Primary Care, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 399 Revolution Drive, Suite 1315, Somerville, MA 02145, USA
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Hicks CW, Clark TW, Cooper CJ, de Bhailís ÁM, De Carlo M, Green D, Małyszko J, Miglinas M, Textor SC, Herzog CA, Johansen KL, Reinecke H, Kalra PA. Atherosclerotic Renovascular Disease: A KDIGO (Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes) Controversies Conference. Am J Kidney Dis 2022; 79:289-301. [PMID: 34384806 PMCID: PMC9834909 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2021.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The diagnosis and management of atherosclerotic renovascular disease (ARVD) is complex and controversial. Despite evidence from the ASTRAL (2009) and CORAL (2013) randomized controlled trials showing that percutaneous renal artery revascularization did not improve major outcomes compared with best medical therapy alone over 3-5 years, several areas of uncertainty remain. Medical therapy, including statin and antihypertensive medications, has evolved in recent years, and the use of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockers is now considered the primary means to treat hypertension in the setting of ARVD. However, the criteria to identify kidneys with renal artery stenosis that have potentially salvageable function are evolving. There are also data suggesting that certain high-risk populations with specific clinical manifestations may benefit from revascularization. Here, we provide an overview of the epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of ARVD based on consensus recommendations from a panel of physician experts who attended the recent KDIGO (Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes) Controversies Conference on central and peripheral arterial diseases in chronic kidney disease. Most focus is provided for contentious issues, and we also outline aspects of investigation and management of ARVD that require further research.
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Bradu A, Penescu M, Pitrou C, Hao J, Bourrinet P. Pharmacokinetics, Dialysability, and Safety of Gadopiclenol, a New Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agent, in Patients With Impaired Renal Function. Invest Radiol 2021; 56:486-493. [PMID: 34197356 DOI: 10.1097/rli.0000000000000764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to evaluate the pharmacokinetics (PK) of gadopiclenol, a new macrocyclic gadolinium based-contrast agent, in subjects with impaired renal function, and to assess its dialysability in subjects with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). METHODS AND MATERIALS This 2-center, open-label, phase 1 study included 5 successive cohorts of 8 adult subjects: healthy subjects (cohort 1), subjects with mild (cohort 2), moderate (cohort 3), severe (cohort 4) renal impairment, or ESRD (cohort 5), who received a single intravenous injection of gadopiclenol (0.1 mmol/kg). Blood and urine samples were collected at different time points in cohorts 1 to 4, and blood and dialysate samples were collected at each hemodialysis session (4-hour session on day 1, day 3, and day 5) in cohort 5. Gadopiclenol elimination and safety were assessed for up to 6 months. Pharmacokinetics parameters were calculated using noncompartmental analysis. RESULTS A total of 40 subjects were included, with a mean age of 51.5 years (range, 18-71 years). No significant difference in the mean maximum concentration values and the distribution volume was observed among cohorts 1 to 4. Urinary excretion of unchanged gadopiclenol was delayed with the degree of renal impairment and ranged between 96% and 84% in subjects with mild to severe renal impairment. Compared with that of healthy subjects, the mean area under the plasma concentration curve was 54%, 148%, and 769% higher in subjects with mild, moderate, or severe renal impairment, respectively. The mean terminal half-life was prolonged with the degree of renal impairment (1.9, 3.3, 3.8, and 11.7 hours for cohorts 1-4). In ESRD subjects, gadopiclenol was effectively removed from the plasma (95% to 98%) after the first hemodialysis session. Gadopiclenol concentration in plasma was below the limit of quantification for all subjects after the second hemodialysis session. Gadopiclenol concentration was below limit of quantification in all plasma and urine samples collected at 1, 3, and 6 months. Five subjects (12.5%) experienced adverse events related to gadopiclenol, none serious and all resolved. Laboratory measurements, vital signs, and electrocardiography did not raise any safety concern. CONCLUSIONS Gadopiclenol elimination half-life was prolonged in subjects with mild to severe renal impairment, yet its renal clearance remains complete or nearly complete. In ESRD subjects, gadopiclenol was effectively removed from the plasma after 1 hemodialysis session, and up to 3 hemodialysis sessions were sufficient to completely clear it. No safety concern was raised. Therefore, no dose adjustment seems necessary in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Bradu
- From the Department of Urology and Surgical Nephrology, Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chișinău, Republic of Moldova
| | - Mircea Penescu
- Department of Nephrology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Jing Hao
- Guerbet, Roissy CDG Cedex, France
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Strimaite M, Harman CLG, Duan H, Wang Y, Davies GL, Williams GR. Layered terbium hydroxides for simultaneous drug delivery and imaging. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:10275-10290. [PMID: 34254077 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt01251g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Layered rare-earth hydroxides have begun to gather increasing attention as potential theranostic platforms owing to their extensive intercalation chemistry combined with magnetic and fluorescent properties. In this work, the potential of layered terbium hydroxide (LTbH) as a platform for simultaneous drug delivery and fluorescence imaging was evaluated. LTbH-Cl ([Tb2(OH)5]Cl·yH2O) was loaded with three nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (diclofenac, ibuprofen, and naproxen) via ion-exchange. Drug release studies in phosphate buffered saline (pH = 7.4) revealed all three formulations release their drug cargo rapidly over the course of approximately 5 hours. In addition, solid state fluorescence studies indicated that fluorescence intensity is strongly dependent on the identity of the guest anion. It was postulated that this feature may be used to track the extent of drug release from the formulation, which was subsequently successfully demonstrated for the ibuprofen loaded LTbH. Overall, LTbH exhibits good biocompatibility, high drug loading, and a strong, guest-dependent fluorescence signal, all of which are desirable qualities for theranostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Strimaite
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK.
| | - Clarissa L G Harman
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK.
| | - Huan Duan
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK.
| | - Yuwei Wang
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK.
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, P.O. Box 98, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Gemma-Louise Davies
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon St, Bloomsbury, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Gareth R Williams
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK.
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Raffort J, Lareyre F, Katsiki N, Mikhailidis DP. Contrast-induced nephropathy in non-cardiac vascular procedures, a narrative review: Part 2. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2021; 20:16-26. [PMID: 34238195 DOI: 10.2174/1570161119666210708165748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This is Part 2 of a narrative review summarizing the literature on CIN after non-cardiac vascular diagnostic or therapeutic procedures, focusing on peripheral artery disease (PAD) and renal artery stenosis (RAS). Part 1 discussed CIN in relation to aortic aneurysms and carotid stenosis. We comment on the incidence, biomarkers, risk factors, and consequences of CIN in patients with PAD or RAS, as well as on strategies to prevent CIN. Future perspectives in the field of CIN in relation to non-cardiac vascular procedures are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Raffort
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, University Hospital of Nice. France
| | - Fabien Lareyre
- Université Côte d'Azur, CHU, Inserm U1065, C3M, Nice. France
| | - Niki Katsiki
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes Center, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, AHEPA University Hospital, 1st Stilponos Kyriakidi, 546 21, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitri P Mikhailidis
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London Medical School, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom
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Ian Paterson D, White JA, Butler CR, Connelly KA, Guerra PG, Hill MD, James MT, Kirpalani A, Lydell CP, Roifman I, Sarak B, Sterns LD, Verma A, Wan D, Crean AM, Grosse-Wortmann L, Hanneman K, Leipsic J, Manlucu J, Nguyen ET, Sandhu RK, Villemaire C, Wald RM, Windram J. 2021 Update on Safety of Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Joint Statement From Canadian Cardiovascular Society/Canadian Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance/Canadian Heart Rhythm Society. Can J Cardiol 2021; 37:835-847. [PMID: 34154798 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2021.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is often considered the gold-standard test for characterizing cardiac as well as noncardiac structure and function. However, many patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) and/or severe renal dysfunction are unable to undergo this test because of safety concerns. In the past 10 years, newer-generation CIEDs and gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) as well as coordinated care between imaging and heart rhythm device teams have mitigated risk to patients and improved access to MRI at many hospitals. The purpose of this statement is to review published data on safety of MRI in patients with conditional and nonconditional CIEDs in addition to patient risks from older and newer GBCAs. This statement was developed through multidisciplinary collaboration of pan-Canadian experts after a relevant and independent literature search by the Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health. All recommendations align with the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system. Key recommendations include: (1) the development of standardized protocols for patients with a CIED undergoing MRI; (2) patients with MRI nonconditional pacemakers and pacemaker dependency should be programmed to asynchronous mode and those with MRI nonconditional transvenous defibrillators should have tachycardia therapies turned off during the scan; and (3) macrocyclic or newer linear GBCAs should be used in preference to older GBCAs because of their better safety profile in patients at higher risk of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - D Ian Paterson
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
| | - James A White
- Calgary Foothills Medical Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Craig R Butler
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kim A Connelly
- St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter G Guerra
- Institut de Cardiologie de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Michael D Hill
- Calgary Foothills Medical Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Matthew T James
- Calgary Foothills Medical Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Anish Kirpalani
- St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carmen P Lydell
- Calgary Foothills Medical Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Idan Roifman
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bradley Sarak
- St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laurence D Sterns
- Royal Jubilee Hospital, University of British Columbia, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Atul Verma
- Southlake Regional Health Centre, Newmarket, Ontario, Canada
| | - Douglas Wan
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Andrew M Crean
- Ottawa Heart Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lars Grosse-Wortmann
- Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Kate Hanneman
- Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathon Leipsic
- St Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jaimie Manlucu
- London Health Sciences Centre, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elsie T Nguyen
- Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Roopinder K Sandhu
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Christine Villemaire
- Institut de Cardiologie de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Rachel M Wald
- Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathan Windram
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Petronek MS, Steinbach EJ, Kalen AL, Builta ZJ, Callaghan CM, Hyer DE, Spitz DR, Flynn RT, Buatti JM, Magnotta VA, Zepeda-Orozco D, St-Aubin JJ, Allen BG. Assessment of Gadobutrol Safety in Combination with Ionizing Radiation Using a Preclinical MRI-Guided Radiotherapy Model. Radiat Res 2021; 195:230-234. [PMID: 33347596 DOI: 10.1667/rade-20-00199.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
MR-linac technology enhances the precision of therapeutic radiation by clarifying the tumor-normal tissue interface and provides the potential for adaptive treatment planning. Accurate delineation of tumors on diagnostic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) frequently requires gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs). Despite generally being considered safe, previous literature suggests that GBCAs are capable of contrast-induced acute kidney injury (AKI). It is unclear if the risk for AKI is enhanced when GBCAs are administered concurrently with ionizing radiotherapy. During irradiation, gadolinium may be liberated from its chelator which may induce AKI. The goal of this work was to determine if radiation combined with GBCAs increased the incidence of AKI. Using a preclinical MRI-guided irradiation system, where MRI acquisitions and radiation delivery are performed in rapid succession, tumor-bearing mice with normal kidney function were injected with GBCA and treated with 2, 8 or 18 Gy irradiation. Renal function was assessed on days three and seven postirradiation to assess for AKI. No clinically relevant changes in blood urea nitrogen and creatinine were observed in any combination of GBCA and radiation dose. From these data, we conclude that GBCA in combination with radiation does not increase the risk for AKI in mice. Additional investigation of multiple doses of GBCA administered concurrently with irradiation is warranted to evaluate the risk of chronic kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily J Steinbach
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Amanda L Kalen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | | | | | - Dan E Hyer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Douglas R Spitz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Ryan T Flynn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - John M Buatti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | | | | | - Joël J St-Aubin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Bryan G Allen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
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Panich AM, Salti M, Prager O, Swissa E, Kulvelis YV, Yudina EB, Aleksenskii AE, Goren SD, Vul' AY, Shames AI. PVP-coated Gd-grafted nanodiamonds as a novel and potentially safer contrast agent for in vivo MRI. Magn Reson Med 2021; 86:935-942. [PMID: 33724543 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Testing the potential use of saline suspension of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-coated gadolinium(Gd)-grafted detonation nanodiamonds (DND) as a novel contrast agent in MRI. METHODS Stable saline suspensions of highly purified de-agglomerated Gd-grafted DND particles coated by a PVP protective shell were prepared. T1 and T2 proton relaxivities of the suspensions with varying gadolinium concentration were measured at 8 Tesla. A series of ex vivo (phantom) and in vivo dynamic scans were obtained in 3 Tesla MRI using PVP-coated Gd-grafted DND and gadoterate meglumin in equal concentrations of gadolinium, and then T1 -weighted hyperintensity was compared. RESULTS The proton relaxivities of PVP-coated Gd-grafted DND were found to be r1 = 15.9 ± 0.8 s-1 mM-1 and r2 = 262 ± 15 s-1 mM-1 , respectively, which are somewhat less than those for uncoated Gd-grafted DND but still high enough. Ex vivo MRI evaluation of PVP-coated Gd-grafted DND results with a dose-dependent T1 -weighted hyperintensity with a significant advantage over the same for gadoterate meglumin. The same was found when the 2 contrast agents were tested in vivo. CONCLUSION The novel MRI contrast agent - saline suspensions of PVP-coated Gd-grafted DND - provides significantly higher signal intensities than the common tracer gadoterate meglumin, therefore increasing its potential for a safer use in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Panich
- Department of Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Moti Salti
- Brain Imaging Research Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Ofer Prager
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Evyatar Swissa
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Yuri V Kulvelis
- Department of Neutron Research, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Gatchina, Russia
| | - Elena B Yudina
- Division of Solid State Electronics, Ioffe Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Shaul D Goren
- Department of Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Alexander Ya Vul'
- Division of Solid State Electronics, Ioffe Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexander I Shames
- Department of Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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14
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Rudnick MR, Wahba IM, Leonberg-Yoo AK, Miskulin D, Litt HI. Risks and Options With Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agents in Patients With CKD: A Review. Am J Kidney Dis 2020; 77:517-528. [PMID: 32861792 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2020.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) improve the diagnostic capabilities of magnetic resonance imaging. Although initially believed to be without major adverse effects, GBCA use in patients with severe chronic kidney disease (CKD) was demonstrated to cause nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF). Restrictive policies of GBCA use in CKD and selective use of GBCAs that bind free gadolinium more strongly have resulted in the virtual elimination of NSF cases. Contemporary studies of the use of GBCAs with high binding affinity for free gadolinium in severe CKD demonstrate an absence of NSF. Despite these observations and the limitations of contemporary studies, physicians remain concerned about GBCA use in severe CKD. Concerns of GBCA use in severe CKD are magnified by recent observations demonstrating gadolinium deposition in brain and a possible systemic syndrome attributed to GBCAs. Radiologic advances have resulted in several new imaging modalities that can be used in the severe CKD population and that do not require GBCA administration. In this article, we critically review GBCA use in patients with severe CKD and provide recommendations regarding GBCA use in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Rudnick
- Division of Nephrology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, PA.
| | - Ihab M Wahba
- Division of Nephrology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, PA; Corporal Michael J Crescenz Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Hospital Philadelphia, PA
| | - Amanda K Leonberg-Yoo
- Division of Nephrology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, PA
| | - Dana Miskulin
- Division of Nephrology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Harold I Litt
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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15
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16
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Lunyera J, Mohottige D, Alexopoulos AS, Campbell H, Cameron CB, Sagalla N, Amrhein TJ, Crowley MJ, Dietch JR, Gordon AM, Kosinski AS, Cantrell S, Williams JW, Gierisch JM, Ear B, Goldstein KM. Risk for Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis After Exposure to Newer Gadolinium Agents: A Systematic Review. Ann Intern Med 2020; 173:110-119. [PMID: 32568573 PMCID: PMC7847719 DOI: 10.7326/m20-0299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The risk for nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) after exposure to newer versus older gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) remains unclear. PURPOSE To synthesize evidence about NSF risk with newer versus older GBCAs across the spectrum of kidney function. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Web of Science for English-language references from inception to 5 March 2020. STUDY SELECTION Randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, and case-control studies that assessed NSF occurrence after GBCA exposure. DATA EXTRACTION Data were abstracted by 1 investigator and verified by a second. Investigator pairs assessed risk of bias by using validated tools. DATA SYNTHESIS Of 32 included studies, 20 allowed for assessment of NSF risk after exposure to newer GBCAs and 12 (11 cohort studies and 1 case-control study) allowed for comparison of NSF risk between newer and older GBCAs. Among 83 291 patients exposed to newer GBCAs, no NSF cases developed (exact 95% CI, 0.0001 to 0.0258 case). Among the 12 studies (n = 118 844) that allowed risk comparison between newer and older GBCAs, 37 NSF cases developed after exposure to older GBCAs (exact CI, 0.0001 to 0.0523 case) and 4 occurred (3 confounded) after exposure to newer GBCAs (exact CI, 0.0018 to 0.0204 case). Data were scant for patients with acute kidney injury or those at risk for chronic kidney disease. LIMITATIONS Study heterogeneity prevented meta-analysis. Risk of bias was high in most studies because of inadequate exposure and outcome ascertainment. CONCLUSION Although NSF occurrence after exposure to newer GBCAs is very rare, the relatively scarce data among patients with acute kidney injury and those with risk factors for chronic kidney disease limit conclusions about safety in these populations. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. (PROSPERO: CRD42019135783).
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Lunyera
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina (J.L., C.B.C.)
| | - Dinushika Mohottige
- Duke University School of Medicine and Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina (D.M.)
| | - Anastasia-Stefania Alexopoulos
- Duke University Medical Center and Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Durham, North Carolina (A.A., T.J.A., M.J.C.)
| | - Hilary Campbell
- Margolis Center for Health Policy at Duke University, Durham, North Carolina (H.C.)
| | - C Blake Cameron
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina (J.L., C.B.C.)
| | - Nicole Sagalla
- Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System and Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina (N.S.)
| | - Timothy J Amrhein
- Duke University Medical Center and Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Durham, North Carolina (A.A., T.J.A., M.J.C.)
| | - Matthew J Crowley
- Duke University Medical Center and Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Durham, North Carolina (A.A., T.J.A., M.J.C.)
| | - Jessica R Dietch
- Stanford University and Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California (J.R.D.)
| | - Adelaide M Gordon
- Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Durham, North Carolina (A.M.G., B.E.)
| | - Andrzej S Kosinski
- Duke University Medical Center and Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina (A.S.K.)
| | - Sarah Cantrell
- Duke University School of Medicine and Duke University Medical Center Library and Archives, Durham, North Carolina (S.C.)
| | - John W Williams
- Duke University School of Medicine and Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Durham, North Carolina (J.W.W., K.M.G.)
| | - Jennifer M Gierisch
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, and Duke University, Durham, North Carolina (J.M.G.)
| | - Belinda Ear
- Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Durham, North Carolina (A.M.G., B.E.)
| | - Karen M Goldstein
- Duke University School of Medicine and Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Durham, North Carolina (J.W.W., K.M.G.)
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17
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Braun J, Busse R, Darmon-Kern E, Heine O, Auer J, Meyl T, Maurer M, Hamm B, de Bucourt M. Baseline characteristics, diagnostic efficacy, and peri-examinational safety of IV gadoteric acid MRI in 148,489 patients. Acta Radiol 2020; 61:910-920. [PMID: 31739672 DOI: 10.1177/0284185119883390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations with intravenous (IV) contrast are performed worldwide in routine daily practice. In order to detect and enumerate even rare adverse events (AE) and serious adverse events (SAE), and to relate them with patients' baseline characteristics and diagnostic effectiveness, high quantity sample size is necessary. PURPOSE To assess safety, diagnostic effectiveness, and baseline characteristics of patients undergoing IV gadoteric acid (Dotarem®) MRI in routine practice. MATERIAL AND METHODS Data from two observational post-marketing surveillance (PMS) databases compiled by 139 and 52 German centers in 2004-2011 and 2011-2013, respectively, were pooled, yielding data on a total of 148,489 patients examined over a 10-year period. Radiologists used a standardized questionnaire to report data including patient demographics, characteristics of MR examinations, and results in terms of diagnosis and patient safety. RESULTS Overall, 712 AEs were reported in 467 (0.3%) patients, mainly nausea (n = 224, 0.2%), vomiting (n = 29, <0.1%), urticaria (n = 20, <0.1%), and feeling hot (n = 13, <0.1%). AEs were considered related to gadoteric acid in 362 (0.2%) patients. Higher frequencies of AEs were observed among patients with a previous reaction to a contrast agent (2.0%), liver dysfunction (0.7%), bronchial asthma (0.7%), and a history of allergies (0.6%). There were 49 SAEs in 18 (<0.1%) patients, including two children. No fatal SAE was reported. Examinations were diagnostic in 99.8% of all patients, and image quality was excellent or good in 97.7% of the patients. CONCLUSION Gadoteric acid is a safe peri-examinational and effective contrast agent for MRI in routine practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Braun
- Department of Radiology, Charité – University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Reinhard Busse
- Department of Health Care Management, Faculty of Economics and Management, Berlin University of Technology, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Jonas Auer
- Department of Radiology, Charité – University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Meyl
- Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin Maurer
- Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Bernd Hamm
- Department of Radiology, Charité – University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
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18
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Mallio CA, Rovira À, Parizel PM, Quattrocchi CC. Exposure to gadolinium and neurotoxicity: current status of preclinical and clinical studies. Neuroradiology 2020; 62:925-934. [DOI: 10.1007/s00234-020-02434-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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19
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Woolen SA, Shankar PR, Gagnier JJ, MacEachern MP, Singer L, Davenport MS. Risk of Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis in Patients With Stage 4 or 5 Chronic Kidney Disease Receiving a Group II Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agent: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Intern Med 2020; 180:223-230. [PMID: 31816007 PMCID: PMC6902198 DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.5284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Risk of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) to individual patients with stage 4 or 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD; defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate of <30 mL/min/1.73 m2) who receive a group II gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA) is not well understood or summarized in the literature. OBJECTIVE To assess the pooled risk of NSF in patients with stage 4 or 5 CKD receiving a group II GBCA. DATA SOURCES A health sciences informationist searched the Ovid (MEDLINE and MEDLINE Epub Ahead of Print, In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citation, and Daily and Versions), Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, and Open Grey databases from inception to January 29, 2019, yielding 2700 citations. STUDY SELECTION Citations were screened for inclusion in a multistep process. Agreement for final cohort inclusion was determined by 2 blinded screeners using Cohen κ. Inclusion criteria consisted of stage 4 or 5 CKD with or without dialysis, administration of an unconfounded American College of Radiology classification group II GBCA (gadobenate dimeglumine, gadobutrol, gadoterate meglumine, or gadoteridol), and incident NSF as an outcome. Conference abstracts, retracted manuscripts, narrative reviews, editorials, case reports, and manuscripts not reporting total group II GBCA administrations were excluded. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Data extraction was performed for all studies by a single investigator, including publication details, study design and time frame, patient characteristics, group II GBCA(s) administered, total exposures for patients with stage 4 or stage 5 CKD, total cases of unconfounded NSF, reason for GBCA administration, follow-up duration, loss to follow-up, basis for NSF screening, and diagnosis. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Pooled incidence of NSF and the associated upper bound of a 2-sided 95% CI (risk estimate) for the pooled data and each of the 4 group II GBCAs. RESULTS Sixteen unique studies with 4931 patients were included (κ = 0.68) in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The pooled incidence of NSF was 0 of 4931 (0%; upper bound of 95% CI, 0.07%). The upper bound varied owing to different sample sizes for gadobenate dimeglumine (0 of 3167; upper bound of 95% CI, 0.12%), gadoterate meglumine (0 of 1204; upper bound of 95% CI, 0.31%), gadobutrol (0 of 330; upper bound of 95% CI, 1.11%), and gadoteridol (0 of 230; upper bound of 95% CI, 1.59%). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This study's findings suggest that the risk of NSF from group II GBCA administration in stage 4 or 5 CKD is likely less than 0.07%. The potential diagnostic harms of withholding group II GBCA for indicated examinations may outweigh the risk of NSF in this population. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO identifier: CRD42019123284.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean A Woolen
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.,Michigan Radiology Quality Collaborative, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Prasad R Shankar
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.,Michigan Radiology Quality Collaborative, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Joel J Gagnier
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.,Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | | | - Lisa Singer
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Matthew S Davenport
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.,Michigan Radiology Quality Collaborative, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.,Department of Urology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor
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20
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Rodríguez-Rodríguez A, Shuvaev S, Rotile N, Jones CM, Probst CK, Dos Santos Ferreira D, Graham-O′Regan K, Boros E, Knipe RS, Griffith JW, Tager AM, Bogdanov A, Caravan P. Peroxidase Sensitive Amplifiable Probe for Molecular Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Pulmonary Inflammation. ACS Sens 2019; 4:2412-2419. [PMID: 31397156 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b01010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
An amplifiable magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) probe that combines the stability of the macrocyclic Gd-DOTAGA core with a peroxidase-reactive 5-hydroxytryptamide (5-HT) moiety is reported. The incubation of the complex under enzymatic oxidative conditions led to a 1.7-fold increase in r1 at 1.4 T that was attributed to an oligomerization of the probe upon oxidation. This probe, Gd-5-HT-DOTAGA, provided specific detection of lung inflammation by MRI in bleomycin-injured mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- The Institute for Innovation in Imaging, A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Sergey Shuvaev
- The Institute for Innovation in Imaging, A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Nicholas Rotile
- The Institute for Innovation in Imaging, A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Chloe M. Jones
- The Institute for Innovation in Imaging, A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Clemens K. Probst
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and the Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Diego Dos Santos Ferreira
- The Institute for Innovation in Imaging, A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Katherine Graham-O′Regan
- The Institute for Innovation in Imaging, A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Eszter Boros
- The Institute for Innovation in Imaging, A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Rachel S. Knipe
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and the Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Jason W. Griffith
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and the Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Andrew M. Tager
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and the Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Alexei Bogdanov
- Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, United States
| | - Peter Caravan
- The Institute for Innovation in Imaging, A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
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21
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Abstract
Contrast agents have become an indispensable part of everyday life in diagnostic radiology. In multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), they provide essential diagnostic information, especially for vascular, inflammatory or oncologic diseases, which otherwise could not be answered. The two most important groups are iodine- and gadolinium-containing contrast agents. Rare side effects include PC-AKI (post-contrast acute kidney injury); more common are allergic and chemotoxic reactions. Since the introduction of guidelines, nephrogenic fibrosis has not been reported anymore, whereas gadolinium deposition in the central nervous system (CNS) has become a new topic. Concerning contrast media use in patients with reduced renal function, at a eGFR threshold of <45 ml/min or <30 ml/min, hydration and a review of indication for enhanced MDCT, depending on the application, is recommended. Low kV and DE-scan protocols with MDCT can help to reduce the amount of iodinated contrast agents. In MRI examinations, only macrocyclic contrast agents should be used for enhanced MRI exams. There has to be a careful risk-benefit analysis with enhanced studies in pregnancy, during lactation and in the pediatric population. Patient information and legal aspects with nonapproved indications are indispensable parts of daily clinical routine. The continuous updating and broadening of knowledge regarding the appropriate use of the various contrast agents has to be an integral part of clinical diagnostic radiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Krestan
- Abteilung für Allgemeine- und Kinderradiologie, Universitätsklinik für Radiologie und Nuklearmedizin, Medizinische Universität Wien, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Wien, Österreich.
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