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Ma L, Liang B, Hu H, Yang W, Lin S, Cao L, Li K, Kuang Y, Shou L, Jin W, Lan J, Ye X, Le J, Lei H, Fu J, Lin Y, Jiang W, Zheng Z, Jiang S, Fu L, Su C, Yin X, Liu L, Qin J, Jin J, Qian S, Ouyang G, Tong H. A Novel Prognostic Scoring Model for Myelodysplastic Syndrome Patients With SF3B1 Mutation. Front Oncol 2022; 12:905490. [PMID: 35832562 PMCID: PMC9271788 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.905490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The outcomes of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) patients with SF3B1 mutation, despite identified as a favorable prognostic biomarker, are variable. To comprehend the heterogeneity in clinical characteristics and outcomes, we reviewed 140 MDS patients with SF3B1 mutation in Zhejiang province of China. Seventy-three (52.1%) patients diagnosed as MDS with ring sideroblasts (MDS-RS) following the 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) classification and 118 (84.3%) patients belonged to lower risk following the revised International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS-R). Although clonal hematopoiesis-associated mutations containing TET2, ASXL1 and DNMT3A were the most frequent co-mutant genes in these patients, RUNX1, EZH2, NF1 and KRAS/NRAS mutations had significant effects on overall survival (OS). Based on that we developed a risk scoring model as IPSS-R×0.4+RUNX1×1.1+EZH2×0.6+RAS×0.9+NF1×1.6. Patients were categorized into two subgroups: low-risk (L-R, score <= 1.4) group and high risk (H-R, score > 1.4) group. The 3-year OS for the L-R and H-R groups was 91.88% (95% CI, 83.27%-100%) and 38.14% (95% CI, 24.08%-60.40%), respectively (P<0.001). This proposed model distinctly outperformed the widely used IPSS-R. In summary, we constructed and validated a personalized prediction model of MDS patients with SF3B1 mutation that can better predict the survival of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liya Ma
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bin Liang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Huixian Hu
- Department of Hematology, Jinhua Central Hospital, Jinhua, China
| | - Wenli Yang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shengyun Lin
- Department of Hematology, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lihong Cao
- Department of Hematology, Shulan Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kongfei Li
- Department of Hematology, Ningbo Yinzhou People’s Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Yuemin Kuang
- Department of Hematology, Jinhua People’s Hospital, Jinhua, China
| | - Lihong Shou
- Department of Hematology, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, China
| | - Weimei Jin
- Department of Hematology, Lishui People’s Hospital, Lishui, China
| | - Jianping Lan
- Department of Hematology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xingnong Ye
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Hematology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Yiwu, China
| | - Jing Le
- Department of Hematology, Ningbo Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Huyi Lei
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University of Arts and Sciences, Shaoxing, China
| | - Jiaping Fu
- Department of Hematology, Shaoxing People’s Hospital, Shaoxing, China
| | - Ying Lin
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wenhua Jiang
- Department of Hematology, Taizhou First People’s Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Zhiying Zheng
- Department of Hematology, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Songfu Jiang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lijuan Fu
- Department of Hematology, Xinhua Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chuanyong Su
- Department of Hematology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - XiuFeng Yin
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Shaoyifu Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lixia Liu
- Department of Medical Affairs, Acornmed Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China
| | - Jiayue Qin
- Department of Medical Affairs, Acornmed Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Jin
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shenxian Qian
- Department of Hematology, Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Hongyan Tong, ; Guifang Ouyang, ; Shenxian Qian,
| | - Guifang Ouyang
- Department of Hematology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
- *Correspondence: Hongyan Tong, ; Guifang Ouyang, ; Shenxian Qian,
| | - Hongyan Tong
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Hongyan Tong, ; Guifang Ouyang, ; Shenxian Qian,
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Abstract
The majority of virally suppressed individuals will experience rapid viral rebound upon antiretroviral therapy (ART) interruption, providing a strong rationale for the development of cure strategies. Moreover, despite ART virological control, HIV infection is still associated with chronic immune activation, inflammation, comorbidities, and accelerated aging. These effects are believed to be due, in part, to low-grade persistent transcription and trickling production of viral proteins from the pool of latent proviruses constituting the viral reservoir. In recent years there has been an increasing interest in developing what has been termed a functional cure for HIV. This approach entails the long-term, durable control of viral expression in the absence of therapy, preventing disease progression and transmission, despite the presence of detectable integrated proviruses. One such strategy, the block-and-lock approach for a functional cure, proposes the epigenetic silencing of proviral expression, locking the virus in a profound latent state, from which reactivation is very unlikely. The proof-of-concept for this approach was demonstrated with the use of a specific small molecule targeting HIV transcription. Here we review the principles behind the block-and-lock approach and some of the additional strategies proposed to silence HIV expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Mori
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Susana T Valente
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA.
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Xiong B, Xue M, Yu Y, Wu S, Zuo X. SF3B1 Mutation but Not Ring Sideroblasts Identifies a Specific Group of Myelodysplastic Syndrome-Refractory Cytopenia With Multilineage Dysplasia. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk 2020; 20:329-339.e3. [PMID: 32037286 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2020.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Integrating the proportion of ring sideroblasts and SF3B1 mutation status is required for diagnosis of sideroblastic subgroups in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) as proposed by the World Health Organization 2016 classification. However, the clinical implications of SF3B1 mutation and ring sideroblasts in MDS-refractory cytopenia with multilineage dysplasia (MDS-RCMD) remain unclear. PATIENTS AND METHODS Clinical and laboratory features in 238 MDS-RCMD patients were retrospectively analyzed, and the prognostic significance of SF3B1 mutation and ring sideroblasts on overall survival and leukemia-free survival in total MDS-RCMD patients and different subgroups stratified by the percentage of ring sideroblasts or SF3B1 mutation status were evaluated. RESULTS MDS-RCMD patients with ring sideroblasts ≥ 15% showed a significantly higher prevalence of SF3B1 mutation compared to ring sideroblasts 5%-14% or ring sideroblasts < 5% (75.6% vs. 15.1% vs. 6.4%, P < .001). In multivariate analysis, SF3B1 mutation was associated with a significantly prolonged survival (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.430, P = .013) and reduced leukemic transformation (HR = 0.174, P = .021) in total MDS-RCMD patients, while ring sideroblasts showed no independent effect on either survival or leukemic transformation. There were no significant differences in clinical characteristics or survival between MDS-RCMD patients with ring sideroblasts ≥ 15% and ring sideroblasts 5%-14% in the presence of SF3B1 mutation. Furthermore, SF3B1 mutation showed an independent prognostic effect on overall survival in MDS-RCMD patients with ring sideroblasts 5%-14% (HR = 0.195, P = .046). CONCLUSION SF3B1 mutation, not the presence of ring sideroblasts, identifies a distinct subtype and showed independent prognostic value on survival and leukemia transformation in MDS-RCMD patients.
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Kyei GB, Meng S, Ramani R, Niu A, Lagisetti C, Webb TR, Ratner L. Splicing Factor 3B Subunit 1 Interacts with HIV Tat and Plays a Role in Viral Transcription and Reactivation from Latency. mBio 2018; 9:e01423-18. [PMID: 30401776 DOI: 10.1128/mBio.01423-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The reason why HIV cannot be cured by current therapy is because of viral persistence in resting T cells. One approach to permanent HIV remission that has received less attention is the so-called “block and lock” approach. The idea behind this approach is that the virus could be permanently disabled in patients if viral genome or surrounding chromatin could be altered to silence the virus, thus enabling patients to stop therapy. In this work, we have identified splicing factor 3B subunit 1 (SF3B1) as a potential target for this approach. SF3B1 interacts with the viral protein Tat, which is critical for viral transcription. Inhibition of SF3B1 prevents HIV transcription and reactivation from latency. Since there are preclinical inhibitors for this protein, our findings could pave the way to silence HIV transcription, potentially leading to prolonged or permanent remission. The main obstacle to an HIV cure is the transcriptionally inert proviruses that persist in resting CD4 T cells and other reservoirs. None of the current approaches has significantly reduced the size of the viral reservoir. Hence, alternative approaches, such as permanent blocking of viral transcription, to achieve a sustained remission, need urgent attention. To identify cellular factors that may be important for this approach, we sought for host targets that when altered could block HIV transcription and reactivation. Here, we identified splicing factor 3B subunit 1 (SF3B1) as a critical HIV dependency factor required for viral replication. SF3B1 is a splicing factor involved in directing chromatin and nascent gene transcripts to appropriate splice sites. Inhibitors of SF3B1 are currently in development for cancer and have been found to be nontoxic to normal cells compared to malignant cells. Knockdown of SF3B1 abrogated HIV replication in all cell types tested. SF3B1 interacted with viral protein Tat in vitro and in vivo. Genetic or pharmacologic inhibition of SF3B1 prevented Tat-mediated HIV transcription and RNA polymerase II association with the HIV promoter. In addition, an inhibitor of SF3B1 prevented HIV reactivation from latency irrespective of the latency-reversing agent used. The data show that SF3B1 is involved in viral transcription and reactivation from latency and may serve as a therapeutic target in the HIV cure efforts.
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Hwang HM, Heo CK, Lee HJ, Kwak SS, Lim WH, Yoo JS, Yu DY, Lim KJ, Kim JY, Cho EW. Identification of anti-SF3B1 autoantibody as a diagnostic marker in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. J Transl Med 2018; 16:177. [PMID: 29954402 PMCID: PMC6025833 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1546-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor-associated (TA) autoantibodies, which are generated by the immune system upon the recognition of abnormal TA antigens, are promising biomarkers for the early detection of tumors. In order to detect autoantibody biomarkers effectively, antibody-specific epitopes in the diagnostic test should maintain the specific conformations that are as close as possible to those presenting in the body. However, when using patients' serum as a source of TA autoantibodies the characterization of the autoantibody-specific epitope is not easy due to the limited amount of patient-derived serum. METHODS To overcome these limits, we constructed a B cell hybridoma pool derived from a hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) model HBx-transgenic mouse and characterized autoantibodies derived from them as tumor biomarkers. Their target antigens were identified by mass spectrometry and the correlations with HCC were examined. With the assumption that TA autoantibodies generated in the tumor mouse model are induced in human cancer patients, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) based on the characteristics of mouse TA autoantibodies were developed for the detection of autoantibody biomarkers in human serum. To mimic natural antigenic structures, the specific epitopes against autoantibodies were screened from the phage display cyclic random heptapeptide library, and the streptavidin antigens fused with the specific epitopes were used as coating antigens. RESULTS In this study, one of HCC-associated autoantibodies derived from HBx-transgenic mouse, XC24, was characterized. Its target antigen was identified as splicing factor 3b subunit 1 (SF3B1) and the high expression of SF3B1 was confirmed in HCC tissues. The specific peptide epitopes against XC24 were selected and, among them, XC24p11 cyclic peptide (-CDATPPRLC-) was used as an epitope of anti-SF3B1 autoantibody ELISA. With this epitope, we could effectively distinguish between serum samples from HCC patients (n = 102) and healthy subjects (n = 85) with 73.53% sensitivity and 91.76% specificity (AUC = 0.8731). Moreover, the simultaneous detection of anti-XC24p11 epitope autoantibody and AFP enhanced the efficiency of HCC diagnosis with 87.25% sensitivity and 90.59% specificity (AUC = 0.9081). CONCLUSIONS ELISA using XC24p11 peptide epitope that reacts against anti-SF3B1 autoantibody can be used as a novel test to enhance the diagnostic efficiency of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Min Hwang
- Rare Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141 South Korea
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134 South Korea
| | - Chang-Kyu Heo
- Rare Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141 South Korea
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134 South Korea
| | - Hye Jung Lee
- Proteometech Inc., 1101 Wooree Venture Town, 466 Gangseo-ro, Gangseo-gu, Seoul, 07573 South Korea
- Graduate Program for Nanomedical Science, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722 South Korea
| | - Sang-Seob Kwak
- Rare Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141 South Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141 South Korea
| | - Won-Hee Lim
- Rare Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141 South Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141 South Korea
| | - Jong-Shin Yoo
- Biomedical Omics Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, 162 YeonGuDanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28119 South Korea
| | - Dae-Yuel Yu
- Disease Model Research Laboratory, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141 South Korea
| | - Kook Jin Lim
- Proteometech Inc., 1101 Wooree Venture Town, 466 Gangseo-ro, Gangseo-gu, Seoul, 07573 South Korea
- Graduate Program for Nanomedical Science, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722 South Korea
| | - Jeong-Yoon Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134 South Korea
| | - Eun-Wie Cho
- Rare Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141 South Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141 South Korea
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Tanaka T, Ohashi S, Kobayashi S. Four nucleocytoplasmic-shuttling proteins and p53 interact specifically with the YB-NLS and are involved in anticancer reagent-induced nuclear localization of YB-1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 478:1363-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.08.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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An M, Henion PD. The zebrafish sf3b1b460 mutant reveals differential requirements for the sf3b1 pre-mRNA processing gene during neural crest development. Int J Dev Biol 2012; 56:223-37. [PMID: 22562198 DOI: 10.1387/ijdb.113383ma] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The functions of gene regulatory networks that control embryonic cell diversification occur on a background of constitutively active molecular machinery necessary for the elaboration of genetic interactions. The essential roles of subsets of such "housekeeping" genes in the regulation of specific aspects of development have become increasingly clear. Pre-mRNA processing is essential for production of functional transcripts by, for example, excision of introns. We have cloned the zebrafish toast(b460) locus and found that it encodes splicing factor 3b, subunit 1 (sf3b1). The sf3b1(b460) mutation causes aberrant splicing of sf3b1 resulting in functional and predicted non-functional transcripts and a 90% reduction in full-length Sf3b1 protein. The sf3b1(b460) mutation was isolated in a mutagenesis screen based on the absence of neural crest-derived melanophores. Further analysis revealed specific earlier defects in neural crest development, whereas the early development of other ectodermal populations appears unaffected. The expression of essential transcriptional regulators of neural crest development are severely disrupted in sf3b1(b460) mutants, due in part to defects in pre-mRNA processing of a subset of these factors, leading to defects in neural crest sublineage specification, survival and migration. Misexpression of a subset of these factors rescues aspects of neural crest development in mutant embryos. Our results indicate that although sf3b1 is a ubiquitously essential gene, the degree to which it is required exhibits tissue-type specificity during early embryogenesis. Further, the developmental defects caused by the sf3b1(b460) mutation provide insights into genetic interactions among members of the gene regulatory network controlling neural crest development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min An
- Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Yokoi A, Kotake Y, Takahashi K, Kadowaki T, Matsumoto Y, Minoshima Y, Sugi NH, Sagane K, Hamaguchi M, Iwata M, Mizui Y. Biological validation that SF3b is a target of the antitumor macrolide pladienolide. FEBS J 2011; 278:4870-80. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2011.08387.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Manes G, Hebrard M, Bocquet B, Meunier I, Coustes-Chazalette D, Sénéchal A, Bolland-Augé A, Zelenika D, Hamel CP. A novel locus (CORD12) for autosomal dominant cone-rod dystrophy on chromosome 2q24.2-2q33.1. BMC Med Genet 2011; 12:54. [PMID: 21496248 PMCID: PMC3102607 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-12-54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2010] [Accepted: 04/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rod-cone dystrophy, also known as retinitis pigmentosa (RP), and cone-rod dystrophy (CRD) are degenerative retinal dystrophies leading to blindness. To identify new genes responsible for these diseases, we have studied one large non consanguineous French family with autosomal dominant (ad) CRD. METHODS Family members underwent detailed ophthalmological examination. Linkage analysis using microsatellite markers and a whole-genome SNP analysis with the use of Affymetrix 250 K SNP chips were performed. Five candidate genes within the candidate region were screened for mutations by direct sequencing. RESULTS We first excluded the involvement of known adRP and adCRD genes in the family by genotyping and linkage analysis. Then, we undertook a whole-genome scan on 22 individuals in the family. The analysis revealed a 41.3-Mb locus on position 2q24.2-2q33.1. This locus was confirmed by linkage analysis with specific markers of this region. The maximum LOD score was 2.86 at θ = 0 for this locus. Five candidate genes, CERKL, BBS5, KLHL23, NEUROD1, and SF3B1 within this locus, were not mutated. CONCLUSION A novel locus for adCRD, named CORD12, has been mapped to chromosome 2q24.2-2q33.1 in a non consanguineous French family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaël Manes
- INSERM U1051, Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
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Nicassio F, Bianchi F, Capra M, Vecchi M, Confalonieri S, Bianchi M, Pajalunga D, Crescenzi M, Bonapace IM, Di Fiore PP. A cancer-specific transcriptional signature in human neoplasia. J Clin Invest 2005; 115:3015-25. [PMID: 16224537 PMCID: PMC1253624 DOI: 10.1172/jci24862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2005] [Accepted: 07/26/2005] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular anatomy of cancer cells is being explored through unbiased approaches aimed at the identification of cancer-specific transcriptional signatures. An alternative biased approach is exploitation of molecular tools capable of inducing cellular transformation. Transcriptional signatures thus identified can be readily validated in real cancers and more easily reverse-engineered into signaling pathways, given preexisting molecular knowledge. We exploited the ability of the adenovirus early region 1 A protein (E1A) oncogene to force the reentry into the cell cycle of terminally differentiated cells in order to identify and characterize genes whose expression is upregulated in this process. A subset of these genes was activated through a retinoblastoma protein/E2 viral promoter required factor-independent (pRb/E2F-independent) mechanism and was overexpressed in a fraction of human cancers. Furthermore, this overexpression correlated with tumor progression in colon cancer, and 2 of these genes predicted unfavorable prognosis in breast cancer. A proof of principle biological validation was performed on one of the genes of the signature, skeletal muscle cell reentry-induced (SKIN) gene, a previously undescribed gene. SKIN was found overexpressed in some primary tumors and tumor cell lines and was amplified in a fraction of colon adenocarcinomas. Furthermore, knockdown of SKIN caused selective growth suppression in overexpressing tumor cell lines but not in tumor lines expressing physiological levels of the transcript. Thus, SKIN is a candidate oncogene in human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Nicassio
- IFOM, Istituto Fondazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro di Oncologia Molecolare, Milan, Italy
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Isono K, Mizutani-Koseki Y, Komori T, Schmidt-Zachmann MS, Koseki H. Mammalian polycomb-mediated repression of Hox genes requires the essential spliceosomal protein Sf3b1. Genes Dev 2005; 19:536-41. [PMID: 15741318 PMCID: PMC551574 DOI: 10.1101/gad.1284605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Polycomb group (PcG) proteins are responsible for the stable repression of homeotic (Hox) genes by forming multimeric protein complexes. We show (1) physical interaction between components of the U2 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle (U2 snRNP), including Sf3b1 and PcG proteins Zfp144 and Rnf2; and (2) that Sf3b1 heterozygous mice exhibit skeletal transformations concomitant with ectopic Hox expressions. These alterations are enhanced by Zfp144 mutation but repressed by Mll mutation (a trithorax-group gene). Importantly, the levels of Sf3b1 in PcG complexes were decreased in Sf3b1-heterozygous embryos. These findings suggest that Sf3b1-PcG protein interaction is essential for true PcG-mediated repression of Hox genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoichi Isono
- Developmental Genetics Group, RIKEN Research Center for Allergy and Immunology, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
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Abstract
An understanding of the molecular basis of immune regulation will allow development of therapies for diseases caused by immune dysregulation and for therapeutic exploitation of the immune response in transplantation of organ grafts or stem cells. To identify critical regulatory factors in immunity, we have used a mouse model wherein infectious regulatory tolerance is inducible by CD4/CD8 blockade in recipients of vascularised heart grafts. Once established, this transplantation tolerance is robust and isolated "tolerant" spleen cells show powerful immune regulatory properties, being able to impose donor-specific allotolerance upon fully immune competent naive recipients. Here, we present a compound comparison of four gene arrays (tolerance vs. rejection, at 48 h, and at 123 h) where a relatively small number of differentially expressed genes occurred. In rejection, there was a strong progressive amplification of IFNgamma and granzyme B mRNAs. In tolerance, both ELKL motif kinase and axotrophin occurred in the group of upregulated genes. Mice lacking ELKL motif kinase develop autoimmune disease, whilst axotrophin is a newly discovered stem cell gene that has only been explored in the context of neural development. This gene expression data is the first to demonstrate a link between axotrophin and regulatory tolerance and, since axotrophin, LIF, STAT3 and c-kit each function in stem cells, we propose that common mechanisms play a central role both in developmental regulation of stem cells, and in immune regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su M Metcalfe
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Box 202, Level E9, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK.
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Horie A, Isono K, Koseki H. Generation of a monoclonal antibody against the mouse Sf3b1 (SAP155) gene product for U2 snRNP component of spliceosome. Hybrid Hybridomics 2003; 22:117-9. [PMID: 12831537 DOI: 10.1089/153685903321948049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
SAP155 is a subunit of the U2 snRNP, and plays an important role for prespliceosome assembly and splicing catalysis of the major spliceosome. Recently, it was reported that SAP155 was also a subunit of the minor spliceosome. These suggest that SAP155 is essential for the removal of any type of intron. More recently, a homolog of SAP155 cDNA, designated Sf3b1, was isolated from mouse. In this study, we report the generation of a monoclonal antibody (MAb) against murine Sf3b1 protein. This MAb recognizes endogenous Sf3b1 gene product by Western blotting, but less efficiently by immunoprecipitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuya Horie
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
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Abstract
The vertebrate Polycomb Group (PcG) genes encode proteins that form large multimeric and chromatin-associated complexes implicated in the stable repression of developmentally essential genes. Here we have isolated a 2.5-kb cDNA for Edr2, a mouse homolog of the Drosophila PcG gene Ph, although it was originally identified as a 3.8-kb cDNA. However, little is known about molecular basis of the 3.8-kb cDNA. Genomic and RNA analyses have shown that Edr2 locates on Chromosome 4 as a single copy gene and is transcribed into at least two transcript isoforms about 3.0 and 4.4 kb in length, most likely corresponding to the 2.5- and 3.8-kb cDNAs, respectively. The largest open reading frames in the 2.5- and 3.8-kb cDNAs encode 36- and 90-kDa polypeptides, respectively. The 36-kDa protein is a truncated form lacking of the N-terminal region of the 90-kDa protein. Interestingly, it has been demonstrated that the 3.0-kb mRNA accumulates at a much higher level than the 3.8-kb mRNA in mouse embryos and mature tissues. Immunostaining assay of mammalian cells has shown that the 36-kDa form tagged with HA colocalizes with the other PcG protein Mel18 in nuclei, suggesting that the smaller protein is capable of forming maltimeric complex with other PcG proteins. Therefore, the 36-kDa protein might function generally as a PcG protein.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Chromosome Mapping
- DNA, Complementary/chemistry
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- DNA, Complementary/isolation & purification
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Drosophila Proteins
- Embryo, Mammalian/metabolism
- Exons
- Female
- Gene Expression
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Genes/genetics
- Introns
- Male
- Mice
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Molecular Weight
- Nucleoproteins/genetics
- Peptides/chemistry
- Peptides/genetics
- Peptides/metabolism
- Polycomb Repressive Complex 1
- Protein Binding
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Sequence Alignment
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Transcription, Genetic
- Two-Hybrid System Techniques
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Yamaki
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Japan
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