1
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Alaimo A, Genovesi S, Annesi N, De Felice D, Subedi S, Macchia A, La Manna F, Ciani Y, Vannuccini F, Mugoni V, Notarangelo M, Libergoli M, Broso F, Taulli R, Ala U, Savino A, Cortese M, Mirzaaghaei S, Poli V, Bonapace IM, Papotti MG, Molinaro L, Doglioni C, Caffo O, Anesi A, Nagler M, Bertalot G, Carbone FG, Barbareschi M, Basso U, Dassi E, Pizzato M, Romanel A, Demichelis F, Kruithof-de Julio M, Lunardi A. Sterile inflammation via TRPM8 RNA-dependent TLR3-NF-kB/IRF3 activation promotes antitumor immunity in prostate cancer. EMBO J 2024; 43:780-805. [PMID: 38316991 PMCID: PMC10907604 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-024-00040-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a common condition of prostate tissue, whose impact on carcinogenesis is highly debated. Microbial colonization is a well-documented cause of a small percentage of prostatitis cases, but it remains unclear what underlies the majority of sterile inflammation reported. Here, androgen- independent fluctuations of PSA expression in prostate cells have lead us to identify a prominent function of the Transient Receptor Potential Cation Channel Subfamily M Member 8 (TRPM8) gene in sterile inflammation. Prostate cells secret TRPM8 RNA into extracellular vesicles (EVs), which primes TLR3/NF-kB-mediated inflammatory signaling after EV endocytosis by epithelial cancer cells. Furthermore, prostate cancer xenografts expressing a translation-defective form of TRPM8 RNA contain less collagen type I in the extracellular matrix, significantly more infiltrating NK cells, and larger necrotic areas as compared to control xenografts. These findings imply sustained, androgen-independent expression of TRPM8 constitutes as a promoter of anticancer innate immunity, which may constitute a clinically relevant condition affecting prostate cancer prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Alaimo
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy.
| | - Sacha Genovesi
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Nicole Annesi
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Dario De Felice
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Saurav Subedi
- Department for BioMedical Research, Urology Research Laboratory, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alice Macchia
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Federico La Manna
- Department for BioMedical Research, Urology Research Laboratory, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Yari Ciani
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Federico Vannuccini
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Vera Mugoni
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Michela Notarangelo
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Michela Libergoli
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Francesca Broso
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Riccardo Taulli
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CeRMS), AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Ugo Ala
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Aurora Savino
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Martina Cortese
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Somayeh Mirzaaghaei
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC) "Guido Tarone", University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Valeria Poli
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC) "Guido Tarone", University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Ian Marc Bonapace
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Busto Arsizio, VA, Italy
| | - Mauro Giulio Papotti
- Department of Pathology, University of Torino and AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Luca Molinaro
- Department of Pathology, University of Torino and AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Claudio Doglioni
- Division of Pathology, Pancreas Translational and Clinical Research Center, San Raffaele Scientific Institute IRCCS Vita Salute, San Raffaele University, Milano, Italy
| | - Orazio Caffo
- Medical Oncology Department, Santa Chiara Hospital-APSS, Trento, Italy
| | - Adriano Anesi
- Operative Unit of Clinical Pathology, Santa Chiara Hospital-APSS, Trento, Italy
| | - Michael Nagler
- Department of Urology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni Bertalot
- Operative Unit of Anatomy Pathology, Santa Chiara Hospital-APSS, Trento, Italy
- Centre for Medical Sciences-CISMed, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | | | - Mattia Barbareschi
- Operative Unit of Anatomy Pathology, Santa Chiara Hospital-APSS, Trento, Italy
- Centre for Medical Sciences-CISMed, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Umberto Basso
- Oncology 1 Unit, Department of Oncology, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Erik Dassi
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Massimo Pizzato
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Alessandro Romanel
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Francesca Demichelis
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Marianna Kruithof-de Julio
- Department for BioMedical Research, Urology Research Laboratory, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Urology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Lunardi
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy.
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2
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Mancini M, Grasso M, Muccillo L, Babbio F, Precazzini F, Castiglioni I, Zanetti V, Rizzo F, Pistore C, De Marino MG, Zocchi M, Del Vescovo V, Licursi V, Giurato G, Weisz A, Chiarugi P, Sabatino L, Denti MA, Bonapace IM. DNMT3A epigenetically regulates key microRNAs involved in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in prostate cancer. Carcinogenesis 2021; 42:1449-1460. [PMID: 34687205 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgab101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) is involved in prostate cancer metastatic progression, and its plasticity suggests epigenetic implications. Deregulation of DNMTs and several miRNAs plays a relevant role in EMT, but their interplay has not been clarified yet. In this study we provide evidence that DNMT3A interaction with several miRNAs has a central role in an ex-vivo EMT prostate cancer model obtained via exposure of PC3 cells to conditioned media from cancer-associated fibroblasts (CM-CAFs). The analysis of the alterations of the miRNA profile shows that miR-200 family (miR-200a/200b/429, miR-200c/141), miR-205, and miR-203, known to modulate key EMT factors, are downregulated and hyper-methylated at their promoters. DNMT3A (mainly isoform a) is recruited onto these miRNA promoters, coupled with the increase of H3K27me3/H3K9me3 and/or the decrease of H3K4me3/H3K36me3. Most interestingly, our results reveal the differential expression of two DNMT3A isoforms (a and b) during ex-vivo EMT and a regulatory feedback loop between miR-429 and DNMT3A that can promote and sustain the transition toward a more mesenchymal phenotype. We demonstrate the ability of miR-429 to target DNMT3A 3'UTR and modulate the expression of EMT factors, in particular ZEB1. Survey of the PRAD-TCGA data set shows that patients expressing an EMT-like signature are indeed characterized by down-regulation of the same miRNAs with a diffused hyper-methylation at miR-200c/141 and miR-200a/200b/429 promoters. Finally, we show that miR-1260a also targets DNMT3A, although it does not seem involved in EMT in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Mancini
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21052 Busto Arsizio (VA), Italy
| | - Margherita Grasso
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Povo (TN), Italy
| | - Livio Muccillo
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Federica Babbio
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21052 Busto Arsizio (VA), Italy
| | - Francesca Precazzini
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Povo (TN), Italy
| | - Ilaria Castiglioni
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21052 Busto Arsizio (VA), Italy
| | - Valentina Zanetti
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21052 Busto Arsizio (VA), Italy
| | - Francesca Rizzo
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry 'Scuola Medica Salernitana', University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy.,Genome Research Center for Health, c/o University of Salerno Campus of Medicine, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy
| | - Christian Pistore
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21052 Busto Arsizio (VA), Italy
| | - Maria Giovanna De Marino
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21052 Busto Arsizio (VA), Italy
| | - Michele Zocchi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21052 Busto Arsizio (VA), Italy
| | - Valerio Del Vescovo
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Povo (TN), Italy
| | - Valerio Licursi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Giurato
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry 'Scuola Medica Salernitana', University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy.,Genome Research Center for Health, c/o University of Salerno Campus of Medicine, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy
| | - Alessandro Weisz
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry 'Scuola Medica Salernitana', University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy.,Genome Research Center for Health, c/o University of Salerno Campus of Medicine, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy
| | - Paola Chiarugi
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences 'Mario Serio', University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Lina Sabatino
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Michela Alessandra Denti
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Povo (TN), Italy
| | - Ian Marc Bonapace
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21052 Busto Arsizio (VA), Italy
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3
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Mancini M, Magnani E, Macchi F, Bonapace IM. The multi-functionality of UHRF1: epigenome maintenance and preservation of genome integrity. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:6053-6068. [PMID: 33939809 PMCID: PMC8216287 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
During S phase, the cooperation between the macromolecular complexes regulating DNA synthesis, epigenetic information maintenance and DNA repair is advantageous for cells, as they can rapidly detect DNA damage and initiate the DNA damage response (DDR). UHRF1 is a fundamental epigenetic regulator; its ability to coordinate DNA methylation and histone code is unique across proteomes of different species. Recently, UHRF1’s role in DNA damage repair has been explored and recognized to be as important as its role in maintaining the epigenome. UHRF1 is a sensor for interstrand crosslinks and a determinant for the switch towards homologous recombination in the repair of double-strand breaks; its loss results in enhanced sensitivity to DNA damage. These functions are finely regulated by specific post-translational modifications and are mediated by the SRA domain, which binds to damaged DNA, and the RING domain. Here, we review recent studies on the role of UHRF1 in DDR focusing on how it recognizes DNA damage and cooperates with other proteins in its repair. We then discuss how UHRF1’s epigenetic abilities in reading and writing histone modifications, or its interactions with ncRNAs, could interlace with its role in DDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Mancini
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Busto Arsizio, VA 21052, Italy
| | - Elena Magnani
- Program in Biology, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, United Arab Emirates
| | - Filippo Macchi
- Program in Biology, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ian Marc Bonapace
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Busto Arsizio, VA 21052, Italy
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4
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Montano L, Donato F, Bianco PM, Lettieri G, Guglielmino A, Motta O, Bonapace IM, Piscopo M. Semen quality as a potential susceptibility indicator to SARS-CoV-2 insults in polluted areas. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:37031-37040. [PMID: 34053043 PMCID: PMC8164491 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14579-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The epidemic of the new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has impacted worldwide with its infectious spread and mortality rate. Thousands of articles have been published to tackle this crisis and many of these have indicated that high air pollution levels may be a contributing factor to high outbreak rates of COVID-19. Atmospheric pollutants, indeed, producing oxidative stress, inflammation, immuno-unbalance, and systemic coagulation, may be a possible significant co-factor of further damage, rendering the body prone to infections by a variety of pathogens, including viruses. Spermatozoa are extremely responsive to prooxidative effects produced by environmental pollutants and may serve as a powerful alert that signals the extent that environmental pressure, in a specific area, is doing damage to humans. In order to improve our current knowledge on this topic, this review article summarizes the relevant current observations emphasizing the weight that environmental pollution has on the sensitivity of a given population to several diseases and how semen quality, may be a potential indicator of sensitivity for virus insults (including SARS-CoV-2) in high polluted areas, and help to predict the risk for harmful effects of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic. In addition, this review focused on the potential routes of virus transmission that may represent a population health risk and also identified the areas of critical importance that require urgent research to assess and manage the COVID-19 outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Montano
- Andrology Unit, EcoFoodFertility Project, Coordination Unit, Local Health Authority (ASL) Salerno, Oliveto Citra, Via M. Clemente, 84020 Oliveto Citra, SA Italy
| | - Francesco Donato
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties Radiological Sciences and Public Health, Unit of Hygiene, Epidemiology, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Pietro Massimiliano Bianco
- ISPRA, Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, Via Vitaliano Brancati 60, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Gennaro Lettieri
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 21, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Oriana Motta
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Ian Marc Bonapace
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria (VA), Varese, Italy
| | - Marina Piscopo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 21, 80126 Napoli, Italy
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5
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Montano L, Donato F, Bianco PM, Lettieri G, Guglielmino A, Motta O, Bonapace IM, Piscopo M. Air Pollution and COVID-19: A Possible Dangerous Synergy for Male Fertility. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph18136846. [PMID: 34202243 PMCID: PMC8297116 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18136846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Several studies indicate that semen quality has strongly declined in the last decades worldwide. Air pollution represents a significant co-factor with the COVID-19 impact and has negative effects on the male reproductive system, through pro-oxidant, inflammatory and immune-dysregulating mechanisms. It has recently been reported that chronic exposure to PM2.5 causes overexpression of the alveolar ACE2 receptor, the entry route of SARS-CoV-2 into the organism shared by the lungs and testis where expression is highest in the body. In the testis, the ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/MasR pathway plays an important role in the regulation of spermatogenesis and an indirect mechanism of testicular damage could be due to the blockade of the ACE2 receptor by SARS-CoV-2. This prevents the conversion of specific angiotensins, and their excess causes inflammation with the overproduction of cytokines. PM2.5-induced overexpression of the alveolar ACE2 receptor, in turn, could increase local viral load in patients exposed to pollutants, producing ACE2 receptor depletion and compromising host defenses. By presenting an overall view of epidemiological data and molecular mechanisms, this manuscript aims to interpret the possible synergistic effects of both air pollution and COVID-19 on male reproductive function, warning that the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in the fertile years may represent a significant threat to global reproductive health. All of this should be of great concern, especially for men of the age of maximum reproductive capacity, and an important topic of debate for policy makers. Altered environmental conditions, together with the direct and indirect short- and long-term effects of viral infection could cause a worsening of semen quality with important consequences for male fertility, especially in those areas with higher environmental impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Montano
- Andrology Unit and Service of Lifestyle Medicine in UroAndrology, Local Health Authority (ASL) Salerno, Coordination Unit of the Network for Environmental and Reproductive Health (EcoFoodFertility Project), “Oliveto Citra Hospital”, 84020 Oliveto Citra, Italy
- PhD Program in Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (L.M.); (I.M.B.); (M.P.); Tel.: +39-0331-339452 (I.M.B.); +39-0816-79081 (M.P.)
| | - Francesco Donato
- Unit of Hygiene, Epidemiology, and Public Health, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, 21100 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Pietro Massimiliano Bianco
- ISPRA, Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, Via Vitaliano Brancati 60, 00144 Roma, Italy;
| | - Gennaro Lettieri
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Napoli, Italy;
| | | | - Oriana Motta
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy;
| | - Ian Marc Bonapace
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
- Correspondence: (L.M.); (I.M.B.); (M.P.); Tel.: +39-0331-339452 (I.M.B.); +39-0816-79081 (M.P.)
| | - Marina Piscopo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Napoli, Italy;
- Correspondence: (L.M.); (I.M.B.); (M.P.); Tel.: +39-0331-339452 (I.M.B.); +39-0816-79081 (M.P.)
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6
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Ferrandi A, Castani F, Pitaro M, Tagliaferri S, de la Tour CB, Alduina R, Sommer S, Fasano M, Barbieri P, Mancini M, Bonapace IM. Deinococcus radiodurans' SRA-HNH domain containing protein Shp (Dr1533) is involved in faithful genome inheritance maintenance following DNA damage. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1863:118-129. [PMID: 30308220 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deinococcus radiodurans R1 (DR) survives conditions of extreme desiccation, irradiation and exposure to genotoxic chemicals, due to efficient DNA breaks repair, also through Mn2+ protection of DNA repair enzymes. METHODS Possible annotated domains of the DR1533 locus protein (Shp) were searched by bioinformatic analysis. The gene was cloned and expressed as fusion protein. Band-shift assays of Shp or the SRA and HNH domains were performed on oligonucleotides, genomic DNA from E. coli and DR. shp knock-out mutant was generated by homologous recombination with a kanamycin resistance cassette. RESULTS DR1533 contains an N-terminal SRA domain and a C-terminal HNH motif (SRA-HNH Protein, Shp). Through its SRA domain, Shp binds double-strand oligonucleotides containing 5mC and 5hmC, but also unmethylated and mismatched cytosines in presence of Mn2+. Shp also binds to Escherichia coli dcm+ genomic DNA, and to cytosine unmethylated DR and E. coli dcm- genomic DNAs, but only in presence of Mn2+. Under these binding conditions, Shp displays DNAse activity through its HNH domain. Shp KO enhanced >100 fold the number of spontaneous mutants, whilst the treatment with DNA double strand break inducing agents enhanced up to 3-log the number of survivors. CONCLUSIONS The SRA-HNH containing protein Shp binds to and cuts 5mC DNA, and unmethylated DNA in a Mn2+ dependent manner, and might be involved in faithful genome inheritance maintenance following DNA damage. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Our results provide evidence for a potential role of DR Shp protein for genome integrity maintenance, following DNA double strand breaks induced by genotoxic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Ferrandi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via Manara 7, Busto Arsizio, VA, Italy
| | - Federica Castani
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via Manara 7, Busto Arsizio, VA, Italy
| | - Mauro Pitaro
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via Manara 7, Busto Arsizio, VA, Italy
| | - Sara Tagliaferri
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via Manara 7, Busto Arsizio, VA, Italy
| | - Claire Bouthier de la Tour
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, France and Institut de Génétique et Microbiologie - Université Paris-Sud, Paris, France
| | - Rosa Alduina
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Palermo, Italy
| | - Suzanne Sommer
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, France and Institut de Génétique et Microbiologie - Université Paris-Sud, Paris, France
| | - Mauro Fasano
- Department of Sciences and High technology, University of Insubria, Via Manara 7, Busto Arsizio, VA, Italy
| | - Paola Barbieri
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via Manara 7, Busto Arsizio, VA, Italy
| | - Monica Mancini
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via Manara 7, Busto Arsizio, VA, Italy.
| | - Ian Marc Bonapace
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via Manara 7, Busto Arsizio, VA, Italy.
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7
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Magnani E, Macchi F, Mancini M, Lomazzi V, Cogliati S, Pistore C, Mandruzzato M, Dock-Bregeon AC, Bonapace IM. UHRF1 regulates CDH1 via promoter associated non-coding RNAs in prostate cancer cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Gene Regul Mech 2018; 1861:258-270. [PMID: 29466696 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) transcribed from the promoter and the downstream region can affect the expression of the corresponding coding genes. It has been shown that sense-directed ncRNAs arising from the promoter region of the E-cadherin gene (CDH1) mediate its repression. Here, we show that an antisense-directed ncRNA (paRCDH1-AS) transcribed from the CDH1 promoter is necessary for its expression. paRCDH1-AS acts as a hooking scaffold by recruiting the epigenetic regulators, UHRF1, DNMT3A, SUV39H1 and SUZ12, involved in CDH1 repression. The binding of epigenetic regulators to paCRDH1-AS, indeed, prevents their localization to the chromatin on CDH1 promoter. Moreover, paRCDH1-AS silencing induces CDH1 repression and a switch of the epigenetic profile on the promoter towards a more closed chromatin. Using bioinformatic and experimental approaches we defined that the promoter of the paRCDH1-AS is shared with the E-cadherin gene, showing a bidirectional promoter activity. We found that UHRF1 controls both CDH1 and paRCDH1-AS by directly binding this bidirectional promoter region. Our study provides evidences, for the first time, that UHRF1 recruitment can be affected by promoter-associated non-coding RNAs, opening new perspective regarding the role of UHRF1 in these complex regulatory networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Magnani
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21052 Busto Arsizio, VA, Italy
| | - Filippo Macchi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21052 Busto Arsizio, VA, Italy
| | - Monica Mancini
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21052 Busto Arsizio, VA, Italy
| | - Vanessa Lomazzi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21052 Busto Arsizio, VA, Italy
| | - Sara Cogliati
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21052 Busto Arsizio, VA, Italy; IGBMC, BP10142, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Christian Pistore
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21052 Busto Arsizio, VA, Italy
| | - Martina Mandruzzato
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21052 Busto Arsizio, VA, Italy
| | | | - Ian Marc Bonapace
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21052 Busto Arsizio, VA, Italy.
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De Lerma Barbaro A, Perletti G, Bonapace IM, Monti E. Inflammatory cues acting on the adult intestinal stem cells and the early onset of cancer (review). Int J Oncol 2014; 45:959-68. [PMID: 24920319 PMCID: PMC4121412 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The observation that cancer often arises at sites of chronic inflammation has prompted the idea that carcinogenesis and inflammation are deeply interwoven. In fact, the current literature highlights a role for chronic inflammation in virtually all the steps of carcinogenesis, including tumor initiation, promotion and progression. The aim of the present article is to review the current literature on the involvement of chronic inflammation in the initiation step and in the very early phases of tumorigenesis, in a type of cancer where adult stem cells are assumed to be the cells of origin of neoplasia. Since the gastrointestinal tract is regarded as the best-established model system to address the liaison between chronic inflammation and neoplasia, the focus of this article will be on intestinal cancer. In fact, the anatomy of the intestinal epithelial lining is uniquely suited to study adult stem cells in their niche, and the bowel crypt is an ideal developmental biology system, as proliferation, differentiation and cell migration are all distributed linearly along the long axis of the crypt. Moreover, crypt stem cells are regarded today as the most likely targets of neoplastic transformation in bowel cancer. More specifically, the present review addresses the molecular mechanisms whereby a state of chronic inflammation could trigger the neoplastic process in the intestine, focusing on the generation of inflammatory cues evoking enhanced proliferation in cells not initiated but at risk of neoplastic transformation because of their stemness. Novel experimental approaches, based on triggering an inflammatory stimulus in the neighbourhood of adult intestinal stem cells, are warranted to address some as yet unanswered questions. A possible approach, the targeted transgenesis of Paneth cells, may be aimed at 'hijacking' the crypt stem cell niche from a status characterized by the maintenance of homeostasis to local chronic inflammation, with the prospect of initiating neoplastic transformation in that site.
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Affiliation(s)
- A De Lerma Barbaro
- Biomedical Research Division, Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, Busto Arsizio, Varese, Italy
| | - G Perletti
- Biomedical Research Division, Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, Busto Arsizio, Varese, Italy
| | - I M Bonapace
- Biomedical Research Division, Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, Busto Arsizio, Varese, Italy
| | - E Monti
- Biomedical Research Division, Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, Busto Arsizio, Varese, Italy
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De Vos M, El Ramy R, Quénet D, Wolf P, Spada F, Magroun N, Babbio F, Schreiber V, Leonhardt H, Bonapace IM, Dantzer F. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) associates with E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase UHRF1 and modulates UHRF1 biological functions. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:16223-38. [PMID: 24782312 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.527424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1, also known as ARTD1) is an abundant nuclear enzyme that plays important roles in DNA repair, gene transcription, and differentiation through the modulation of chromatin structure and function. In this work we identify a physical and functional poly(ADP-ribose)-mediated interaction of PARP1 with the E3 ubiquitin ligase UHRF1 (also known as NP95, ICBP90) that influences two UHRF1-regulated cellular processes. On the one hand, we uncovered a cooperative interplay between PARP1 and UHRF1 in the accumulation of the heterochromatin repressive mark H4K20me3. The absence of PARP1 led to reduced accumulation of H4K20me3 onto pericentric heterochromatin that coincided with abnormally enhanced transcription. The loss of H4K20me3 was rescued by the additional depletion of UHRF1. In contrast, although PARP1 also seemed to facilitate the association of UHRF1 with DNMT1, its absence did not impair the loading of DNMT1 onto heterochromatin or the methylation of pericentric regions, possibly owing to a compensating interaction of DNMT1 with PCNA. On the other hand, we showed that PARP1 controls the UHRF1-mediated ubiquitination of DNMT1 to timely regulate its abundance during S and G2 phase. Together, this report identifies PARP1 as a novel modulator of two UHRF1-regulated heterochromatin-associated events: the accumulation of H4K20me3 and the clearance of DNMT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike De Vos
- From the Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation and Genome Integrity Group, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Laboratoire d'Excellence Medalis, Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, UMR7242, Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique/Université de Strasbourg, Boulevard Sebastien Brant, BP10413, 67412 Illkirch, France
| | - Rosy El Ramy
- From the Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation and Genome Integrity Group, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Laboratoire d'Excellence Medalis, Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, UMR7242, Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique/Université de Strasbourg, Boulevard Sebastien Brant, BP10413, 67412 Illkirch, France
| | - Delphine Quénet
- From the Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation and Genome Integrity Group, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Laboratoire d'Excellence Medalis, Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, UMR7242, Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique/Université de Strasbourg, Boulevard Sebastien Brant, BP10413, 67412 Illkirch, France
| | - Patricia Wolf
- the Department of Biology II, Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany, and
| | - Fabio Spada
- the Department of Biology II, Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany, and
| | - Najat Magroun
- From the Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation and Genome Integrity Group, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Laboratoire d'Excellence Medalis, Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, UMR7242, Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique/Université de Strasbourg, Boulevard Sebastien Brant, BP10413, 67412 Illkirch, France
| | - Federica Babbio
- the Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Insubria, Via Alberto da Giussano 12, 21052 Busto Arsizio, Italy
| | - Valérie Schreiber
- From the Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation and Genome Integrity Group, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Laboratoire d'Excellence Medalis, Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, UMR7242, Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique/Université de Strasbourg, Boulevard Sebastien Brant, BP10413, 67412 Illkirch, France
| | - Heinrich Leonhardt
- the Department of Biology II, Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany, and
| | - Ian Marc Bonapace
- the Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Insubria, Via Alberto da Giussano 12, 21052 Busto Arsizio, Italy
| | - Françoise Dantzer
- From the Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation and Genome Integrity Group, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Laboratoire d'Excellence Medalis, Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, UMR7242, Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique/Université de Strasbourg, Boulevard Sebastien Brant, BP10413, 67412 Illkirch, France,
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10
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Morano A, Angrisano T, Russo G, Landi R, Pezone A, Bartollino S, Zuchegna C, Babbio F, Bonapace IM, Allen B, Muller MT, Chiariotti L, Gottesman ME, Porcellini A, Avvedimento EV. Targeted DNA methylation by homology-directed repair in mammalian cells. Transcription reshapes methylation on the repaired gene. Nucleic Acids Res 2013; 42:804-21. [PMID: 24137009 PMCID: PMC3902918 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkt920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We report that homology-directed repair of a DNA double-strand break within a single copy Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) gene in HeLa cells alters the methylation pattern at the site of recombination. DNA methyl transferase (DNMT)1, DNMT3a and two proteins that regulate methylation, Np95 and GADD45A, are recruited to the site of repair and are responsible for selective methylation of the promoter-distal segment of the repaired DNA. The initial methylation pattern of the locus is modified in a transcription-dependent fashion during the 15–20 days following repair, at which time no further changes in the methylation pattern occur. The variation in DNA modification generates stable clones with wide ranges of GFP expression. Collectively, our data indicate that somatic DNA methylation follows homologous repair and is subjected to remodeling by local transcription in a discrete time window during and after the damage. We propose that DNA methylation of repaired genes represents a DNA damage code and is source of variation of gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Morano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie mediche, Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale del C.N.R., Università Federico II, 80131 Napoli, Italy, IRCCS CROB, Dipartimento di Oncologia Sperimentale, via Padre Pio, 1 85028 Rionero in Vulture, Italy, Dipartimento di Medicina e di Scienze della Salute, Università del Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Itay, Dipartimento di Biologia, Università Federico II, 80126 Napoli, Italy, Dipartimento di Biologia Strutturale e Funzionale, Università dell'Insubria, Varese 21100, Italy, Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology and Biomolecular Science Center, University of Central Florida, 12722 Research Parkway, Orlando, FL 32826, USA and Institute of Cancer Research, Departments of Microbiology and Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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11
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Babbio F, Castiglioni I, Cassina C, Gariboldi MB, Pistore C, Magnani E, Badaracco G, Monti E, Bonapace IM. Knock-down of methyl CpG-binding protein 2 (MeCP2) causes alterations in cell proliferation and nuclear lamins expression in mammalian cells. BMC Cell Biol 2012; 13:19. [PMID: 22783988 PMCID: PMC3477090 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2121-13-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MeCP2 (CpG-binding protein 2) is a nuclear multifunctional protein involved in several cellular processes, like large-scale chromatin reorganization and architecture, and transcriptional regulation. In recent years, a non-neuronal role for MeCP2 has emerged in cell growth and proliferation. Mutations in the MeCP2 gene have been reported to determine growth disadvantages in cultured lymphocyte cells, and its functional ablation suppresses cell growth in glial cells and proliferation in mesenchymal stem cells and prostate cancer cells. MeCP2 interacts with lamin B receptor (LBR) and with Heterochromatin Protein 1 (HP1) at the nuclear envelope (NE), suggesting that it could be part of complexes involved in attracting heterochromatin at the nuclear periphery and in mediating gene silencing. The nuclear lamins, major components of the lamina, have a role in maintaining NE integrity, in orchestrating mitosis, in DNA replication and transcription, in regulation of mitosis and apoptosis and in providing anchoring sites for chromatin domains.In this work, we inferred that MeCP2 might have a role in nuclear envelope stability, thereby affecting the proliferation pattern of highly proliferating systems. RESULTS By performing knock-down (KD) of MeCP2 in normal murine (NIH-3 T3) and in human prostate transformed cells (PC-3 and LNCaP), we observed a strong proliferation decrease and a defect in the cell cycle progression, with accumulation of cells in S/G2M, without triggering a strong apoptotic and senescent phenotype. In these cells, KD of MeCP2 evidenced a considerable decrease of the levels of lamin A, lamin C, lamin B1 and LBR proteins. Moreover, by confocal analysis we confirmed the reduction of lamin A levels, but we also observed an alteration in the shape of the nuclear lamina and an irregular nuclear rim. CONCLUSIONS Our results that indicate reduced levels of NE components, are consistent with a hypothesis that the deficiency of MeCP2 might cause the lack of a key "bridge" function that links the peripheral heterochromatin to the NE, thereby causing an incorrect assembly of the NE itself, together with a decreased cell proliferation and viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Babbio
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, Insubria University, via A. da Giussano 10, Busto Arsizio, 21052, Italy
| | - Ilaria Castiglioni
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, Insubria University, via A. da Giussano 10, Busto Arsizio, 21052, Italy
| | - Chiara Cassina
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, Insubria University, via A. da Giussano 10, Busto Arsizio, 21052, Italy
| | - Marzia Bruna Gariboldi
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, Insubria University, via A. da Giussano 10, Busto Arsizio, 21052, Italy
| | - Christian Pistore
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, Insubria University, via A. da Giussano 10, Busto Arsizio, 21052, Italy
| | - Elena Magnani
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, Insubria University, via A. da Giussano 10, Busto Arsizio, 21052, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Badaracco
- Department of Biotechnologies and Life Sciences, Insubria University, via H. J. Dunant 3, Varese 21100, Italy
| | - Elena Monti
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, Insubria University, via A. da Giussano 10, Busto Arsizio, 21052, Italy
| | - Ian Marc Bonapace
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, Insubria University, via A. da Giussano 10, Busto Arsizio, 21052, Italy
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12
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Roggero E, Sarti M, Pinton S, Thalmann G, Catapano C, Bonapace IM, Carbone G. Correlation of UHRF1 expression in primary prostate cancer patients with adverse prognosis. J Clin Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.4661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
4661 Background: Cancer of the prostate is a leading cause of cancer death in western countries. There is a great need to understand the clinical course of the disease and to distinguish the indolent tumors from those with aggressive behavior. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in cancer initiation and progression. Our groups have recently provided evidence that over-expression of UHFR1 (ubiquitin-like with PHD and ring finger domain) leads to prostate cancer progression by activating a robust epigenetic switch involving silencing of a network of tumor suppressor genes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate in a clinical setting the prognostic impact of UHFR1 expression. Methods: In a series of 225 eligible patients (median age 63 years, range 44-75) with prostate cancer treated in a single institution with prostatectomy between 1990 and 1999 we evaluated the tumor nuclear expression of UHRF1 by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Clinical and histological data of the series were also reviewed. The UHFR1 expression (evaluated in tissue microarrays by immunohistochemistry) and prognostic factors were analyzed using univariate analyses and multivariate logistic regression analysis to identify association with overall survival (OS). Results: The median FU for the series was 137 months (range 1-229), eighty-one patients died (median FU 85 months). In Ninety-seven patients (43%) the UHRF1 expression was positive. In univariate analyses Gleason Score (<7 vs 7-9), Stage Risk Group (TNM Stage <III vs Stage III and/or N+) and UHFR1 expression (negative vs positive) were significant prognostic factors for OS with p-value <0.0001. In multivariate analyses Gleason Score, Stage Risk Group and UHFR1 expression were independent predictors for OS with respectively HRs of 2.77 (95% CI 1.72-4.46) p<0.0001, HRs of 1.96 (95% CI 1.14-3.37) p=0.014 and Hrs 1.35 (95% CI 1.02-1.78) p=0.030. Conclusions: Our results indicate that expression of UHFR1 protein, independently from historical prognostic factors, is linked with adverse prognosis for overall survival in a homogeneous primary prostate cancer treated group with long-term follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Roggero
- IOSI International Prostate Research Group, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | | | - George Thalmann
- Department of Urology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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13
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Sabatino L, Fucci A, Pancione M, Carafa V, Nebbioso A, Pistore C, Babbio F, Votino C, Laudanna C, Ceccarelli M, Altucci L, Bonapace IM, Colantuoni V. UHRF1 coordinates peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARG) epigenetic silencing and mediates colorectal cancer progression. Oncogene 2012; 31:5061-72. [PMID: 22286757 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG) inactivation has been identified as an important step in colorectal cancer (CRC) progression, although the events involved have been partially clarified. UHRF1 is emerging as a cofactor that coordinates the epigenetic silencing of tumor suppressor genes, but its role in CRC remains elusive. Here, we report that UHRF1 negatively regulates PPARG and is associated with a higher proliferative, clonogenic and migration potential. Consistently, UHRF1 ectopic expression induces PPARG repression through its recruitment on the PPARG promoter fostering DNA methylation and histone repressive modifications. In agreement, UHRF1 knockdown elicits PPARG re-activation, accompanied by positive histone marks and DNA demethylation, corroborating its role in PPARG silencing. UHRF1 overexpression, as well as PPARG-silencing, imparts higher growth rate and phenotypic features resembling those occurring in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. In our series of 110 sporadic CRCs, high UHRF1-expressing tumors are characterized by an undifferentiated phenotype, higher proliferation rate and poor clinical outcome only in advanced stages III-IV. In addition, the inverse relationship with PPARG found in vitro is detected in vivo and UHRF1 prognostic significance appears closely related to PPARG low expression, as remarkably validated in an independent dataset. The results demonstrate that UHRF1 regulates PPARG silencing and both genes appear to be part of a complex regulatory network. These findings suggest that the relationship between UHRF1 and PPARG may have a relevant role in CRC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Sabatino
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
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14
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Kunderfranco P, Curti L, Babbio F, Pistore C, Magistri M, Chiorino G, Bonapace IM, Catapano CV, Carbone GM. Abstract 196: UHRF1 is upregulated in prostate cancer and induces epigenetic silencing of tumor suppressor genes. Cancer Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am10-196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Cancer of the prostate is the most common cancer and a leading cause of cancer death in Europe and North America. At the present there is a need to understand the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of this disease and discover alternative therapeutic targets. UHRF1 (ubiquitin-like protein containing PHD and RING domains 1), a nuclear RING finger protein, has been previously reported to acts as a dominant negative effectors of cell growth. UHRF1 is involved in epigenetic mechanisms by virtue of its interaction with DNMTs and HMTs. In this study, analysis of gene expression profiles of prostate tumors and normal prostate showed that UHRF1 is frequently over-expressed in tumors compared to normal tissues. UHRF1 expression was very low in immortalized prostate epithelial cells (LH) while it was higher in the Ras transformed counterpart LHSR cells. Furthermore, we observed low level of UHRF1 in the androgen-dependent prostate cancer cell lines LNCaP and 22Rv1, while higher levels were present in the androgen-independent cell lines PC3 and DU145. These data suggested that over-expression of UHRF1 is associated with malignant transformation and prostate cancer progression. To understand the role of UHRF1 we performed knockdown experiments with UHRF1 specific siRNA. Transient transfection in PC3 cells reduced UHRF1 mRNA and protein level. UHRF1 knock-down resulted in reversion of the transformed phenotype with significant inhibition of clonogenic growth in anchorage dependent and independent condition. Reversion of the transformed phenotype occurred concomitantly with restoration of the expression of several tumor suppressor genes relevant for prostate differentiation, proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition such as CDH1 and RARB2. Moreover, chromatin immunoprecipitation showed binding of UHRF1 to these gene promoter and UHRF1 knockdown resulted in significant reduction of repressive histone marks on gene promoters. These studies suggest that deregulated UHRF1 expression results in epigenetic silencing of relevant tumor suppressor genes, contributing to prostate cancer progression. Targeting UHRF1 may result in re-expression of tumor suppressor genes and thus may be a valid strategy for therapeutic intervention.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 196.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Curti
- 1Oncology Inst. of South. Switzerland-IOSI, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Federica Babbio
- 2Dept. of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Christian Pistore
- 2Dept. of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Marco Magistri
- 1Oncology Inst. of South. Switzerland-IOSI, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | - Ian Marc Bonapace
- 2Dept. of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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15
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Rottach A, Frauer C, Pichler G, Bonapace IM, Spada F, Leonhardt H. The multi-domain protein Np95 connects DNA methylation and histone modification. Nucleic Acids Res 2009; 38:1796-804. [PMID: 20026581 PMCID: PMC2847221 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkp1152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation and histone modifications play a central role in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression and cell differentiation. Recently, Np95 (also known as UHRF1 or ICBP90) has been found to interact with Dnmt1 and to bind hemimethylated DNA, indicating together with genetic studies a central role in the maintenance of DNA methylation. Using in vitro binding assays we observed a weak preference of Np95 and its SRA (SET- and Ring-associated) domain for hemimethylated CpG sites. However, the binding kinetics of Np95 in living cells was not affected by the complete loss of genomic methylation. Investigating further links with heterochromatin, we could show that Np95 preferentially binds histone H3 N-terminal tails with trimethylated (H3K9me3) but not acetylated lysine 9 via a tandem Tudor domain. This domain contains three highly conserved aromatic amino acids that form an aromatic cage similar to the one binding H3K9me3 in the chromodomain of HP1ß. Mutations targeting the aromatic cage of the Np95 tandem Tudor domain (Y188A and Y191A) abolished specific H3 histone tail binding. These multiple interactions of the multi-domain protein Np95 with hemimethylated DNA and repressive histone marks as well as with DNA and histone methyltransferases integrate the two major epigenetic silencing pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Rottach
- Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Department of Biology II and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich, Grosshaderner Str. 2, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
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16
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Meilinger D, Fellinger K, Bultmann S, Rothbauer U, Bonapace IM, Klinkert WEF, Spada F, Leonhardt H. Np95 interacts with de novo DNA methyltransferases, Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b, and mediates epigenetic silencing of the viral CMV promoter in embryonic stem cells. EMBO Rep 2009; 10:1259-64. [PMID: 19798101 PMCID: PMC2756565 DOI: 10.1038/embor.2009.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2008] [Revised: 07/03/2009] [Accepted: 08/04/2009] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have indicated that nuclear protein of 95 kDa (Np95) is essential for maintaining genomic methylation by recruiting DNA methyltransferase (Dnmt) 1 to hemi-methylated sites. Here, we show that Np95 interacts more strongly with regulatory domains of the de novo methyltransferases Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b. To investigate possible functions, we developed an epigenetic silencing assay using fluorescent reporters in embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Interestingly, silencing of the cytomegalovirus promoter in ESCs preceded DNA methylation and was strictly dependent on the presence of either Np95, histone H3 methyltransferase G9a or Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b. Our results indicate a regulatory role for Np95, Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b in mediating epigenetic silencing through histone modification followed by DNA methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Meilinger
- Department of Biology II, Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM), Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Großhaderner Street 2, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Karin Fellinger
- Department of Biology II, Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM), Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Großhaderner Street 2, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Sebastian Bultmann
- Department of Biology II, Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM), Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Großhaderner Street 2, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Ulrich Rothbauer
- Department of Biology II, Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM), Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Großhaderner Street 2, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Ian Marc Bonapace
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Insubria, Via da Giussano 12, 21052 Busto Arsizio (VA), Italy
| | - Wolfgang E F Klinkert
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Fabio Spada
- Department of Biology II, Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM), Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Großhaderner Street 2, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Heinrich Leonhardt
- Department of Biology II, Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM), Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Großhaderner Street 2, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
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17
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Guarda A, Bolognese F, Bonapace IM, Badaracco G. Interaction between the inner nuclear membrane lamin B receptor and the heterochromatic methyl binding protein, MeCP2. Exp Cell Res 2009; 315:1895-903. [PMID: 19331822 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2009.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2008] [Revised: 01/14/2009] [Accepted: 01/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear membrane has an important role for the dynamic regulation of the genome, besides the well-established cytoskeletal function. The nuclear lamina is emerging as an important player in the organization of the position and functional state of interphase chromosomes. Epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation and histone modifications are required for genome reprogramming during development, tissue-specific gene expression and global gene silencing. The Methyl-CpG binding protein MeCP2 binds methyl-CpG dinucleotides in the mammalian genome and functions as a transcriptional repressor in vivo by interacting with Sin3A, thereby recruiting histone deacetylases (HDAC). MeCP2 also mediates the formation of higher-order chromatin structures contributing to determine the architectural organization of the nucleus. In this paper, we show that MeCP2 interacts in vitro and in vivo with the inner nuclear membrane protein LBR and that the unstructured aminoacidic sequence linking the MBD and TRD domains of MeCP2 is responsible for this association. The formation of an LBR-MeCP2 protein complex might help providing a molecular explanation to the distribution of part of the heterochromatin at the nuclear periphery linked to inner membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Guarda
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Insubria, via Alberto da Giussano 12, Busto Arsizio (VA), Italy.
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18
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Papait R, Pistore C, Grazini U, Babbio F, Cogliati S, Pecoraro D, Brino L, Morand AL, Dechampesme AM, Spada F, Leonhardt H, McBlane F, Oudet P, Bonapace IM. The PHD domain of Np95 (mUHRF1) is involved in large-scale reorganization of pericentromeric heterochromatin. Mol Biol Cell 2008; 19:3554-63. [PMID: 18508923 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e07-10-1059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterochromatic chromosomal regions undergo large-scale reorganization and progressively aggregate, forming chromocenters. These are dynamic structures that rapidly adapt to various stimuli that influence gene expression patterns, cell cycle progression, and differentiation. Np95-ICBP90 (m- and h-UHRF1) is a histone-binding protein expressed only in proliferating cells. During pericentromeric heterochromatin (PH) replication, Np95 specifically relocalizes to chromocenters where it highly concentrates in the replication factories that correspond to less compacted DNA. Np95 recruits HDAC and DNMT1 to PH and depletion of Np95 impairs PH replication. Here we show that Np95 causes large-scale modifications of chromocenters independently from the H3:K9 and H4:K20 trimethylation pathways, from the expression levels of HP1, from DNA methylation and from the cell cycle. The PHD domain is essential to induce this effect. The PHD domain is also required in vitro to increase access of a restriction enzyme to DNA packaged into nucleosomal arrays. We propose that the PHD domain of Np95-ICBP90 contributes to the opening and/or stabilization of dense chromocenter structures to support the recruitment of modifying enzymes, like HDAC and DNMT1, required for the replication and formation of PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Papait
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Insubria, 21052 Busto Arsizio (VA), Italy
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19
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Papait R, Pistore C, Negri D, Pecoraro D, Cantarini L, Bonapace IM. Np95 is implicated in pericentromeric heterochromatin replication and in major satellite silencing. Mol Biol Cell 2006; 18:1098-106. [PMID: 17182844 PMCID: PMC1805105 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e06-09-0874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterochromatin plays an important role in transcriptional repression, for the correct segregation of chromosomes and in the maintenance of genome stability. Pericentric heterochromatin (PH) replication and formation have been proposed to occur in the pericentric heterochromatin duplication body (pHDB). A central question is how the underacetylated state of heterochromatic histone H4 tail is established and controlled, because it is a key event during PH replication and is essential to maintain the compacted and silenced state of these regions. Np95 is a cell cycle regulated and is a nuclear histone-binding protein that also recruits HDAC-1 to target promoters. It is essential for S phase and for embryonic formation and is implicated in chromosome stability. Here we show that Np95 is part of the pHDB, and its functional ablation causes a strong reduction in PH replication. Depletion of Np95 also causes a hyperacetylation of lysines 8, 12, and 16 of heterochromatin histone H4 and an increase of pericentromeric major satellite transcription, whose RNAs are key players for heterochromatin formation. We propose that Np95 is a new relevant protein involved in heterochromatin replication and formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Papait
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Insubria, 21052 Busto Arsizio (VA), Italy
| | - Christian Pistore
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Insubria, 21052 Busto Arsizio (VA), Italy
| | - Diego Negri
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Insubria, 21052 Busto Arsizio (VA), Italy
| | - Daniela Pecoraro
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Insubria, 21052 Busto Arsizio (VA), Italy
| | - Lisa Cantarini
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Insubria, 21052 Busto Arsizio (VA), Italy
| | - Ian Marc Bonapace
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Insubria, 21052 Busto Arsizio (VA), Italy
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20
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Nicassio F, Bianchi F, Capra M, Vecchi M, Confalonieri S, Bianchi M, Pajalunga D, Crescenzi M, Bonapace IM, Di Fiore PP. A cancer-specific transcriptional signature in human neoplasia. J Clin Invest 2005; 115:3015-25. [PMID: 16224537 PMCID: PMC1253624 DOI: 10.1172/jci24862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2005] [Accepted: 07/26/2005] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular anatomy of cancer cells is being explored through unbiased approaches aimed at the identification of cancer-specific transcriptional signatures. An alternative biased approach is exploitation of molecular tools capable of inducing cellular transformation. Transcriptional signatures thus identified can be readily validated in real cancers and more easily reverse-engineered into signaling pathways, given preexisting molecular knowledge. We exploited the ability of the adenovirus early region 1 A protein (E1A) oncogene to force the reentry into the cell cycle of terminally differentiated cells in order to identify and characterize genes whose expression is upregulated in this process. A subset of these genes was activated through a retinoblastoma protein/E2 viral promoter required factor-independent (pRb/E2F-independent) mechanism and was overexpressed in a fraction of human cancers. Furthermore, this overexpression correlated with tumor progression in colon cancer, and 2 of these genes predicted unfavorable prognosis in breast cancer. A proof of principle biological validation was performed on one of the genes of the signature, skeletal muscle cell reentry-induced (SKIN) gene, a previously undescribed gene. SKIN was found overexpressed in some primary tumors and tumor cell lines and was amplified in a fraction of colon adenocarcinomas. Furthermore, knockdown of SKIN caused selective growth suppression in overexpressing tumor cell lines but not in tumor lines expressing physiological levels of the transcript. Thus, SKIN is a candidate oncogene in human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Nicassio
- IFOM, Istituto Fondazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro di Oncologia Molecolare, Milan, Italy
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21
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Citterio E, Papait R, Nicassio F, Vecchi M, Gomiero P, Mantovani R, Di Fiore PP, Bonapace IM. Np95 is a histone-binding protein endowed with ubiquitin ligase activity. Mol Cell Biol 2004; 24:2526-35. [PMID: 14993289 PMCID: PMC355858 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.24.6.2526-2535.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Np95 is an important determinant in cell cycle progression. Its expression is tightly regulated and becomes detectable shortly before the entry of cells into S phase. Accordingly, Np95 is absolutely required for the G1/S transition. Its continued expression throughout the S/G2/M phases further suggests additional roles. Indeed, Np95 has been implicated in DNA damage response. Here, we show that Np95 is tightly bound to chromatin in vivo and that it binds to histones in vivo and in vitro. The binding to histones is direct and shows a remarkable preference for histone H3 and its N-terminal tail. A novel protein domain, the SRA-YDG domain, contained in Np95 is indispensable both for the interaction with histones and for chromatin binding in vivo. Np95 contains a RING finger. We show that this domain confers E3 ubiquitin ligase activity on Np95, which is specific for core histones, in vitro. Finally, Np95 shows specific E3 activity for histone H3 when the endogenous core octamer, coimmunoprecipitating with Np95, is used as a substrate. Histone ubiquitination is an important determinant in the regulation of chromatin structure and gene transcription. Thus, the demonstration that Np95 is a chromatin-associated ubiquitin ligase suggests possible molecular mechanisms for its action as a cell cycle regulator.
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Bonapace IM, Latella L, Papait R, Nicassio F, Sacco A, Muto M, Crescenzi M, Di Fiore PP. Np95 is regulated by E1A during mitotic reactivation of terminally differentiated cells and is essential for S phase entry. J Cell Biol 2002; 157:909-14. [PMID: 12058012 PMCID: PMC2174046 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200201025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Terminal differentiation exerts a remarkably tight control on cell proliferation. However, the oncogenic products of DNA tumor viruses, such as adenovirus E1A, can force postmitotic cells to proliferate, thus representing a powerful tool to study progression into S phase. In this study, we identified the gene encoding Np95, a murine nuclear phosphoprotein, as an early target of E1A-induced transcriptional events. In terminally differentiated (TD) cells, the activation of Np95 was specifically induced by E1A, but not by overexpression of E2F-1 or of the cyclin E (cycE)-cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (cdk2) complex. In addition, the concomitant expression of Np95 and of cycE-cdk2 was alone sufficient to induce S phase in TD cells. In NIH-3T3 cells, the expression of Np95 was tightly regulated during the cell cycle, and its functional ablation resulted in abrogation of DNA synthesis. Thus, expression of Np95 is essential for S phase entry. Previous evidence suggested that E1A, in addition to its well characterized effects on the pRb/E2F-1 pathway, activates a parallel and complementary pathway that is also required for the reentry in S phase of TD cells (Tiainen, M., D. Spitkousky, P. Jansen-Dürr, A. Sacchi, and M. Crescenzi. 1996. Mol. Cell. Biol. 16:5302-5312). From our results, Np95 appears to possess all the characteristics to represent the first molecular determinant identified in this pathway.
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Addeo R, Altucci L, Battista T, Bonapace IM, Cancemi M, Cicatiello L, Germano D, Pacilio C, Salzano S, Bresciani F, Weisz A. Stimulation of human breast cancer MCF-7 cells with estrogen prevents cell cycle arrest by HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1996; 220:864-70. [PMID: 8607857 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1996.0494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl (HMG)-CoA reductase, such as Simvastatin and Lovastatin, reduce the rate of DNA synthesis and proliferation of a wide variety of cell types in vitro, by inducing a cell cycle arrest in G1. In estrogen-free medium, DNA synthesis is reduced by more that 90% following exposure of normal and transformed human breast epithelia] cells to 20 microM Simvastatin or Lovastatin for 24 to 42 hrs. We show here that stimulation of estrogen responsive MCF-7 cells with nanomolar concentrations of 17beta-estradiol (E2) prevents inhibition of DNA synthesis by these compounds. The effect of the hormone is antagonized by both steroidal and non steroidal antiestrogens, and it is not detectable in estrogen receptor-negative MCF-10a cells. Cell cycle analysis demonstrates that HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors are unable to induce G1 arrest of MCF-7 cells in the presence of E2.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Addeo
- Instituto di Patologia generale e Oncologia, Seconda Università di Napoli, Italy
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24
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Bonapace IM, Addeo R, Altucci L, Cicatiello L, Bifulco M, Laezza C, Salzano S, Sica V, Bresciani F, Weisz A. 17 beta-Estradiol overcomes a G1 block induced by HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors and fosters cell cycle progression without inducing ERK-1 and -2 MAP kinases activation. Oncogene 1996; 12:753-63. [PMID: 8632897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, such as Lovastatin and Simvastatin, cause cell cycle arrest by interfering with the mitogenic activity of mitogens present in culture media. Cells are induced to pause in G1 and can readily resume growth upon removal of the enzymatic block. Estrogens, acting via their nuclear receptor, are mitogens for different normal and transformed cell types, where they foster cell cycle progression and cell division. In estrogen-responsive MCF-7 human breast cancer cells, but not in non responsive cells, 17 beta-estradiol (E2) induces cells arrested with Lovastatin or Simvastatin to proliferate in the presence of inhibitor, without restoring HMG-CoA reductase activity or affecting the protein prenylation pattern. Mitogenic stimulation of G1-arrested MCF-7 cells with E2 includes primary transcriptional activation of c-fos, accompanied by transient binding in vivo of the estrogen receptor and/or other factors to the ERE and the estrogen-responsive DNA region of this proto-oncogene, as detected by dimethylsulphate genomic footprinting analysis. Mitogenic stimulation of growth-arrested MCF-7 cells by E2 occurs, under these conditions, without evident activation of ERK-1 and -2 kinases, and thus independently from the mitogen-responsive signal transduction pathways that converge on these enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- I M Bonapace
- Istituto di Patologia generale e Oncologia, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Seconda Università di Napoli, Italy
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25
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Gallo A, Benusiglio E, Bonapace IM, Feliciello A, Cassano S, Garbi C, Musti AM, Gottesman ME, Avvedimento EV. v-ras and protein kinase C dedifferentiate thyroid cells by down-regulating nuclear cAMP-dependent protein kinase A. Genes Dev 1992; 6:1621-30. [PMID: 1325391 DOI: 10.1101/gad.6.9.1621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Ras proteins are membrane-associated transducers of eternal stimuli to unknown intracellular targets. The constitutively activated v-ras oncogene induces dedifferentiation in thyroid cells. v-Ras appears to act by stimulating protein kinase C (PKC), which inhibits the nuclear migration of the catalytic subunit of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA). Nuclear tissue-specific and housekeeping trans-acting factors that are dependent on phosphorylation by PKA are thus inactivated. Exclusion of the PKA subunit from the nucleus could represent a general mechanism for the pleiotropic effects of Ras and PKC on cellular growth and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gallo
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Patologia Molecolare e Cellulare, Universita di Napoli, Italy
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