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Meriggiola MC, Villa P, Maffei S, Becorpi A, Di Paolantonio T, Nicolucci A, Salvatore S, Nappi RE. Vulvovaginal atrophy in women with and without a history of breast cancer: Baseline data from the PatiEnt satisfactiON studY (PEONY) in Italy. Maturitas 2024; 183:107950. [PMID: 38462385 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2024.107950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess clinical characteristics of postmenopausal women with moderate/severe vulvovaginal atrophy, as well as its impact on sexual function, well-being, and quality of life, and to provide an overview of most used treatments. STUDY DESIGN Ongoing longitudinal, observational study conducted in 17 Italian gynecology centers, involving women already treated or initiating a local vaginal estrogen therapy or ospemifene. We report baseline data for women with and without a history of breast cancer. Participants filled in self-reported questionnaires at study entry. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Severity of vulvovaginal atrophy; ongoing treatments; patient-reported outcomes, including severity of symptoms, Day-to-Day Impact of Vaginal Aging (DIVA), Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), Female Sexual Distress Scale-Revised (FSDS-R), and SF-12® Health Survey. RESULTS Overall, 334 women (20.4 % with a history of breast cancer) started or continued local therapy (61.1 %) or ospemifene (38.8 %) at study entry. Vulvovaginal atrophy was severe in 28.6 %, and was responsible for severe symptoms, particularly vulvar dryness with burning or irritation and pain during sexual intercourse. Both sexual dysfunction (FSFI≤26) (81.5 %) and sexual distress (FSDS-R ≥ 11) (74.4 %) were common. A reduction in the SF-12 mental component score was documented. Women with breast cancer more often had severe vulvovaginal atrophy (41.2 %), had more severe symptoms, and the impact of vaginal symptoms on emotional well-being, sexual functioning and self-concept/body image was greater. The majority of them (83.8 %) received ospemifene as a treatment. CONCLUSIONS Moderate/severe vulvovaginal atrophy is a common, often neglected condition with an impact on QoL and sexuality, particularly in women with a history of breast cancer. It is important to alleviate the burden associated with the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina Meriggiola
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Gynecology and Physiopathology of Human Reproduction, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Paola Villa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Catholic University, Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy.
| | - Silvia Maffei
- Department of Cardiovascular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Gynaecological and Cardiovascular Endocrinology and Osteoporosis Unit, "Gabriele Monasterio" Foundation and Italian National Research Council (CNR) Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Angelamaria Becorpi
- Section of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Woman and Child Health, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy.
| | | | - Antonio Nicolucci
- CORESEARCH - Center for Outcomes Research and Clinical Epidemiology, 65122 Pescara, Italy.
| | - Stefano Salvatore
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department, IRRCS San Raffaele Hospital, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20125 Milan, Italy.
| | - Rossella E Nappi
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; Research Center for Reproductive Medicine and Gynecological Endocrinology - Menopause Unit, IRCCS S. Matteo Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
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2
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Zhao J, Yan D, Li Y, Xu X, Li F, Zhang S, Jin J, Qiu F. Simultaneous determination of 11 oral targeted antineoplastic drugs and 2 active metabolites by LC-MS/MS in human plasma and its application to therapeutic drug monitoring in cancer patients. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2024; 1237:124100. [PMID: 38547701 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2024.124100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Interindividual exposure differences have been identified in oral targeted antineoplastic drugs (OADs) owing to the pharmacogenetic background of the patients and their susceptibility to multiple factors, resulting in insufficient efficacy or adverse effects. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) can prevent sub-optimal concentrations of OADs and improve their clinical treatment. This study aimed to develop and validate an LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous quantification of 11 OADs (gefitinib, imatinib, lenvatinib, regorafenib, everolimus, osimertinib, sunitinib, tamoxifen, lapatinib, fruquintinib and sorafenib) and 2 active metabolites (N-desethyl sunitinib and Z-endoxifen) in human plasma. Protein precipitation was used to extract OADs from the plasma samples. Chromatographic separation was performed using an Eclipse XDB-C18 (4.6 × 150 mm, 5 μm) column with a gradient elution of the mobile phase composed of 2 mM ammonium acetate with 0.1 % formic acid in water (solvent A) and methanol (solvent B) at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min. Mass analysis was performed using positive ion mode electrospray ionization in multiple-reaction monitoring mode. The developed method was validated following FDA bioanalytical guidelines. The calibration curves were linear over the range of 2-400 ng/mL for gefitinib, imatinib, lenvatinib, regorafenib, and everolimus; 1-200 ng/mL for osimertinib, sunitinib, N-desethyl sunitinib, tamoxifen, and Z-endoxifen; and 5-1000 ng/mL for lapatinib, fruquintinib, and sorafenib, with all coefficients of correlation above 0.99. The intra- and inter-day imprecision was below 12.81 %. This method was successfully applied to the routine TDM of gefitinib, lenvatinib, regorafenib, osimertinib, fruquintinib, and sorafenib to optimize the dosage regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201213, China
| | - Dongming Yan
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201213, China
| | - Yue Li
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201213, China
| | - Xiaoqing Xu
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201213, China
| | - Fengling Li
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201213, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201213, China
| | - Jingyi Jin
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201213, China.
| | - Furong Qiu
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201213, China.
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3
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Halpage J, DaSilva Pantoja P, Mancarella S. Prolonged tamoxifen-enriched diet is associated with cardiomyopathy and nutritional frailty in mice. Exp Physiol 2024; 109:513-523. [PMID: 38291801 PMCID: PMC10984784 DOI: 10.1113/ep091668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Tamoxifen (TAM) is required for gene recombination in the inducible Cre/lox system. The TAM-enriched diet is considered safe, with negligible impact on animal wellbeing. However, studies reporting the long-term effects of the TAM diet and its potential impact on experimental outcomes are scarce. We conducted a longitudinal study on mice exposed to a 4-week dietary TAM citrate supplementation. Several parameters were recorded, such as body weight, body composition, mortality, and cardiac function. The collagen1a2 (Col1a2) transgenic mouse was used to assess TAM-induced recombination in vivo in cardiac fibroblasts followed by myocardial infarction (MI). The impact of TAM on the MI outcome was also evaluated. The recombination efficiency and cytotoxic effect of the TAM active metabolite, 4-hydroxy-tamoxifen (4-OHT), were assessed in vitro. Mice exposed to a TAM diet showed body weight loss and a 10% increase in mortality (P = 0.045). The TAM diet decreased cardiac function and induced cardiac remodeling, indicated by decreased fractional shortening from 32.23% to 19.23% (P = 0.001) and left ventricular (LV) wall thinning. All measured parameters were reversed to normal when mice were returned to a normal diet. Infarcted Col1a2-CreER mice on the TAM regimen showed gene recombination in fibroblasts, but it was associated with a substantial increase in mortality post-surgery (2.5-fold) compared to the controls. In vitro, 4-OHT induced gene editing in fibroblasts; however, cell growth arrest and cytotoxicity were observed at high concentrations. In conclusion, prolonged exposure to the TAM diet can be detrimental and necessitates careful model selection and interpretation of the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janith Halpage
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Tennessee Health Sciences CenterMemphisTennesseeUSA
| | | | - Salvatore Mancarella
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Tennessee Health Sciences CenterMemphisTennesseeUSA
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4
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Cai R, Ngwadom C, Saxena R, Soman J, Bruggeman C, Hickey DP, Verduzco R, Ajo-Franklin CM. Creation of a point-of-care therapeutics sensor using protein engineering, electrochemical sensing and electronic integration. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1689. [PMID: 38402222 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45789-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Point-of-care sensors, which are low-cost and user-friendly, play a crucial role in precision medicine by providing quick results for individuals. Here, we transform the conventional glucometer into a 4-hydroxytamoxifen therapeutic biosensor in which 4-hydroxytamoxifen modulates the electrical signal generated by glucose oxidation. To encode the 4-hydroxytamoxifen signal within glucose oxidation, we introduce the ligand-binding domain of estrogen receptor-alpha into pyrroloquinoline quinone-dependent glucose dehydrogenase by constructing and screening a comprehensive protein insertion library. In addition to obtaining 4-hydroxytamoxifen regulatable engineered proteins, these results unveil the significance of both secondary and quaternary protein structures in propagation of conformational signals. By constructing an effective bioelectrochemical interface, we detect 4-hydroxytamoxifen in human blood samples as changes in the electrical signal and use this to develop an electrochemical algorithm to decode the 4-hydroxytamoxifen signal from glucose. To meet the miniaturization and signal amplification requirements for point-of-care use, we harness power from glucose oxidation to create a self-powered sensor. We also amplify the 4-hydroxytamoxifen signal using an organic electrochemical transistor, resulting in milliampere-level signals. Our work demonstrates a broad interdisciplinary approach to create a biosensor that capitalizes on recent innovations in protein engineering, electrochemical sensing, and electrical engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Cai
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
| | | | - Ravindra Saxena
- Applied Physics Graduate Program, Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jayashree Soman
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chase Bruggeman
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - David P Hickey
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Rafael Verduzco
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Caroline M Ajo-Franklin
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
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Koubek EJ, Ralya AT, Larson TR, McGovern RM, Buhrow SA, Covey JM, Adjei AA, Takebe N, Ames MM, Goetz MP, Reid JM. Population Pharmacokinetics of Z-Endoxifen in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors. J Clin Pharmacol 2022; 62:1121-1131. [PMID: 35358345 PMCID: PMC9339467 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.2053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a population pharmacokinetic model for Z-endoxifen in patients with advanced solid tumors and to identify clinical variables that influence pharmacokinetic parameters. Z-endoxifen-HCl was administered orally once a day on a 28-day cycle (±3 days) over 11 dose levels ranging from 20 to 360 mg. A total of 1256 Z-endoxifen plasma concentration samples from 80 patients were analyzed using nonlinear mixed-effects modeling to develop a population pharmacokinetic model for Z-endoxifen. A 2-compartment model with oral depot and linear elimination adequately described the data. The estimated apparent total clearance, apparent central volume of distribution, and apparent peripheral volume of distribution were 4.89 L/h, 323 L, and 39.7 L, respectively, with weight-effect exponents of 0.75, 1, and 1, respectively. This model was used to explore the effects of clinical and demographic variables on Z-endoxifen pharmacokinetics. Weight, race on clearance, and aspartate aminotransferase on the absorption rate constant were identified as significant covariates in the final model. This novel population pharmacokinetic model provides insight regarding factors that may affect the pharmacokinetics of Z-endoxifen and may assist in the design of future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J. Koubek
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Thomas R. Larson
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Sarah A. Buhrow
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Alex A. Adjei
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Naoko Takebe
- National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Matthew M. Ames
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Matthew P. Goetz
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Joel M. Reid
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Pingarrón Santofímia C, Lafuente González P, Guitiérrez Vélez MDC, Calvente Aguilar V, Poyo Torcal S, Terol Sánchez P, Palacios S. Long-term use of ospemifene in clinical practice for vulvo-vaginal atrophy: end results at 12 months of follow-up. Gynecol Endocrinol 2022; 38:577-582. [PMID: 35670533 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2022.2083103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the improvement in vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA) of postmenopausal women treated with oral ospemifene 60 mg/day under conditions of routine clinical practice after 12 months of follow-up. METHODS The AYSEX study is a Spanish observational, prospective, and unicentric study in which five gynecologists recruited postmenopausal women with VVA in routine clinical practice treated with oral ospemifene 60 mg/day as an appropriate therapeutic option. Vaginal health, the most bothersome symptoms, sexual health, endometrial safety, bone resorption markers, bone densitometry, mammography, treatment satisfaction, and quality of life were assessed at baseline and after 12 months using appropriate scales. RESULTS A total of 100 postmenopausal women cytologically and clinically diagnosed with VVA were included in the study. After 3 months of treatment with ospemifene, a significant improvement was observed in all domains of Vaginal Health Index. This improvement was maintained at month 12 and only one patient remained with vaginal atrophy. In addition, a significant improvement was observed in the most bothersome symptoms, sexual function, and quality of life. There was no significant change in endometrial thickness, mammography, and bone health during the 12 months of treatment. CONCLUSIONS This study in routine clinical practice conditions confirms the results previously reported by randomized controlled trials, including a significant improvement in VVA, sexual function, quality of life, endometrial safety, and satisfaction with the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Pingarrón Santofímia
- Servicio de Ginecología y Oncoginecología, Universidad Europea de Madrid. Hospital Quirónsalud San José, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Silvia Poyo Torcal
- Servicio de Ginecología y Oncoginecología. Hospital Quirónsalud San José, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Terol Sánchez
- Servicio de Ginecología y Oncoginecología. Hospital Quirónsalud San José, Madrid, Spain
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Zaveri L, Dhawan J. Inducible expression of Oct-3/4 reveals synergy with Klf4 in targeting Cyclin A2 to enhance proliferation during early reprogramming. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 587:29-35. [PMID: 34864392 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.11.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
During reprogramming of somatic cells, heightened proliferation is one of the earliest changes observed. While other early events such as mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition have been well studied, the mechanisms by which the cell cycle switches from a slow cycling state to a faster cycling state are still incompletely understood. To investigate the role of Oct-3/4 in this early transition, we created a 4-Hydroxytamoxifen (OHT) dependent Oct-3/4 Estrogen Receptor fusion (OctER). We confirmed that OctER can substitute for Oct-3/4 to reprogram mouse embryonic fibroblasts to a pluripotent state. During the early stages of reprograming, Oct-3/4 and Klf4 individually did not affect cell proliferation but in combination hastened the cell cycle. Using OctER + Klf4, we found that proliferative enhancement is OHT dose-dependent, suggesting that OctER is the driver of this transition. We identified Cyclin A2 as a likely target of Oct-3/4 + Klf4. In mESC, Klf4 and Oct-3/4 bind ∼100bp upstream of Cyclin A2 CCRE, suggesting a potential regulatory role. Using inducible OctER, we show a dose-dependent induction of Cyclin A2 promoter-reporter activity. Taken together, our results suggest that Cyclin A2 is a key early target during reprogramming, and support the view that a rapid cell cycle assists the transition to pluripotency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamuk Zaveri
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, Bengaluru, 560068, India; CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, 500007, India; Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Jyotsna Dhawan
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, Bengaluru, 560068, India; CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, 500007, India.
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Bäcklund M, Eriksson M, Gabrielson M, Hammarström M, Quay S, Bergqvist J, Hellgren R, Czene K, Hall P. OUP accepted manuscript. Oncologist 2022; 27:e597-e600. [PMID: 35604960 PMCID: PMC9256025 DOI: 10.1093/oncolo/oyac102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although breast cancer incidence is increasing, there are few primary preventive initiatives. Tamoxifen can reduce breast cancer incidence but is rarely used for primary prevention due to adverse events and tolerance issues. We tested if endoxifen, a tamoxifen metabolite, applied directly to the skin of the breast, could reduce mammographic density, a proxy for therapy response. Ninety women were randomized to placebo, 10 and 20 mg of topical Z-endoxifen for 6 months. Mammographic density and symptoms were measured at baseline and study exit. Despite a high discontinuation rate, driven by skin rashes, we found a significant mammographic density decrease, a dose-dependent increase in the concentration of plasma Z-endoxifen but no systemic side effects. Topical application of tamoxifen metabolites has the potential to decrease breast cancer incidence without major systemic side effects. However, endoxifen may not be suitable for topical administration and is unlikely to be used for breast cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Bäcklund
- Corresponding author: Magnus Bäcklund, MD, PhD, Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 12A, SE-171 65 Stockholm, Sweden. Tel: +46-8-524-823-39;
| | | | - Marike Gabrielson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mattias Hammarström
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Steve Quay
- Atossa Therapeutics, Inc., Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jenny Bergqvist
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Surgery, Breast Centre, Capio S:t Görans Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Kamila Czene
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Hall
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Oncology, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
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Pingarrón C, Lafuente P, Poyo Torcal S, López Verdú H, Martínez García MS, Palacios S. Vaginal health, endometrial thickness and changes in bone markers in postmenopausal women after 6 months of treatment with ospemifene in real clinical practice. Gynecol Endocrinol 2022; 38:78-82. [PMID: 34463164 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2021.1970740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess vaginal health, endometrial thickness, and changes in bone markers in postmenopausal women with vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA) treated with 60 mg/day of ospemifene under routine clinical practice. METHODS The AYSEX study is a Spanish observational and prospective study performed in one center in which 5 gynecologists recruited postmenopausal women with VVA in routine clinical practice treated continuously with ospemifene 60 mg/day for 12 months as an appropriate therapeutic option. This article refers to the 3- and 6-months analysis. Vaginal health was assessed by pH and using Vaginal Health Index (VHI) at baseline and 3 months later. Endometrial thickness, measured by vaginal ultrasonography, and bone resorption marker (CTx) were assessed at baseline and 6 months later. RESULTS A total of 100 postmenopausal women cytologically and clinically diagnosed with VVA were included in the study. After 3 months of treatment with ospemifene, pH improved from 6.1 to 4.5 (p < .0001), and VHI improved from 10 to 19 points (p < .0001). The percentage of patients with VVA according to VHI decreased from 100% to 5.2% (p < .0001). After 6 months, mean CTx levels decreased from 0.42 pg/ml at baseline to 0.37 pg/ml 6 months later (p = .0018), and mean endometrial thickness changed from 2.24 to 2.15 mm (p = .6066). CONCLUSIONS Up to date, this is the only prospective and observational study with ospemifene in routine clinical practice conditions and confirms the results previously reported from randomized controlled clinical trials, improving VVA, not increasing endometrial thickness, and decreasing CTx levels by exerting an anti-resorptive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Pingarrón
- Hospital Quironsalud San Jose, Ginecología, Calle de Cartagena, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Santiago Palacios
- Instituto Palacios de Salud y Medicina de la Mujer, Instituto Palacios de Salud y Medicina de la Mujer, Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
The selective estrogen receptor (ER) modulator, tamoxifen, is the only endocrine agent with approvals for both the prevention and treatment of premenopausal and postmenopausal estrogen-receptor positive breast cancer as well as for the treatment of male breast cancer. Endoxifen, a secondary metabolite resulting from CYP2D6-dependent biotransformation of the primary tamoxifen metabolite, N-desmethyltamoxifen (NDT), is a more potent antiestrogen than either NDT or the parent drug, tamoxifen. However, endoxifen's antitumor effects may be related to additional molecular mechanisms of action, apart from its effects on ER. In phase 1/2 clinical studies, the efficacy of Z-endoxifen, the active isomer of endoxifen, was evaluated in patients with endocrine-refractory metastatic breast cancer as well as in patients with gynecologic, desmoid, and hormone-receptor positive solid tumors, and demonstrated substantial oral bioavailability and promising antitumor activity. Apart from its potent anticancer effects, Z-endoxifen appears to result in similar or even greater bone agonistic effects while resulting in little or no endometrial proliferative effects compared with tamoxifen. In this review, we summarize the preclinical and clinical studies evaluating endoxifen in the context of breast and other solid tumors, the potential benefits of endoxifen in bone, as well as its emerging role as an antimanic agent in bipolar disorder. In total, the summarized body of literature provides compelling arguments for the ongoing development of Z-endoxifen as a novel drug for multiple indications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joel M Reid
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - John R Hawse
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Matthew P Goetz
- Correspondence: Matthew P. Goetz, MD, Department of Medical Oncology and Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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11
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Pepe G, Sfogliarini C, Rizzello L, Battaglia G, Pinna C, Rovati G, Ciana P, Brunialti E, Mornata F, Maggi A, Locati M, Vegeto E. ERα-independent NRF2-mediated immunoregulatory activity of tamoxifen. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 144:112274. [PMID: 34653752 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex differences in immune-mediated diseases are linked to the activity of estrogens on innate immunity cells, including macrophages. Tamoxifen (TAM) is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) used in estrogen receptor-alpha (ERα)-dependent breast cancers and off-target indications such as infections, although the immune activity of TAM and its active metabolite, 4-OH tamoxifen (4HT), is poorly characterized. Here, we aimed at investigating the endocrine and immune activity of these SERMs in macrophages. Using primary cultures of female mouse macrophages, we analyzed the expression of immune mediators and activation of effector functions in competition experiments with SERMs and 17β-estradiol (E2) or the bacterial endotoxin LPS. We observed that 4HT and TAM induce estrogen antagonist effects when used at nanomolar concentrations, while pharmacological concentrations that are reached by TAM in clinical settings regulate the expression of VEGFα and other immune activation genes by ERα- and G protein-coupled receptor 1 (GPER1)-independent mechanisms that involve NRF2 through PI3K/Akt-dependent mechanisms. Importantly, we observed that SERMs potentiate cell phagocytosis and modify the effects of LPS on the expression of inflammatory cytokines, such as TNFα and IL1β, with an overall increase in cell inflammatory phenotype, further sustained by potentiation of IL1β secretion through caspase-1 activation. Altogether, our data unravel a novel molecular mechanism and immune functions for TAM and 4HT, sustaining their repurposing in infective and other estrogen receptors-unrelated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Pepe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Sfogliarini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Loris Rizzello
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; National Institute of Molecular Genetics (INGM) Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Battaglia
- Department of Chemistry and; The EPSRC/Jeol Centre for Liquid Phase Electron Microscopy, University College London, WC1H 0AJ London, U.K; Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Physics of Living System, University College London, WC1E 6BT London, U.K; Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christian Pinna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Gianenrico Rovati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Ciana
- Department of Health Sciences University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Electra Brunialti
- Department of Health Sciences University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Mornata
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Adriana Maggi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Locati
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Vegeto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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12
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Ortiz J, Aranda FJ, Teruel JA, Ortiz A. Dissimilar action of tamoxifen and 4-hydroxytamoxifen on phosphatidylcholine model membranes. Biophys Chem 2021; 278:106681. [PMID: 34530285 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2021.106681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The anticancer drug tamoxifen and its primary metabolite 4-hydroxytamoxifen tend to accumulate in membranes due to its strong hydrophobic character. Thus, in this work we have carried out a systematic study to investigate their effects on model phosphatidylcholine membranes. Tamoxifen and 4-hydroxytamoxifen affect the phase behaviour of phosphatidylcholine model membranes, giving rise to formation of drug/dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine domains, which is more evident in the case of 4-hydroxytamoxifen. These drugs have differential effects on the polar and apolar regions of the phospholipid supporting a different location of both compounds within the bilayer. Both compounds induce contents leakage in fluid phosphatidylcholine unilamellar liposomes, the effect of 4-hydroxytamoxifen being negligible as compared to that of tamoxifen. Molecular dynamics confirmed the tendency of both drugs to form clusters, tamoxifen locating all along the bilayer, whereas 4-hydroxytamoxifen mostly locates near the lipid/water interface, which can explain the different effects of both drugs in fluid phosphatidylcholine membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Ortiz
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular-A, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco J Aranda
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular-A, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - José A Teruel
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular-A, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Antonio Ortiz
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular-A, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, E-30100 Murcia, Spain.
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13
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Duan L, Calhoun S, Shim D, Perez RE, Blatter LA, Maki CG. Fatty acid oxidation and autophagy promote endoxifen resistance and counter the effect of AKT inhibition in ER-positive breast cancer cells. J Mol Cell Biol 2021; 13:433-444. [PMID: 33755174 PMCID: PMC8436705 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjab018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tamoxifen (TAM) is the first-line endocrine therapy for estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer (BC). However, acquired resistance occurs in ∼50% cases. Meanwhile, although the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is a viable target for treatment of endocrine therapy-refractory patients, complex signaling feedback loops exist, which can counter the effectiveness of inhibitors of this pathway. Here, we analyzed signaling pathways and metabolism in ER+ MCF7 BC cell line and their TAM-resistant derivatives that are co-resistant to endoxifen using immunoblotting, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and the Agilent Seahorse XF Analyzer. We found that activation of AKT and the energy-sensing kinase AMPK was increased in TAM and endoxifen-resistant cells. Furthermore, ERRα/PGC-1β and their target genes MCAD and CPT-1 were increased and regulated by AMPK, which coincided with increased fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and autophagy in TAM-resistant cells. Inhibition of AKT feedback-activates AMPK and ERRα/PGC-1β-MCAD/CPT-1 with a consequent increase in FAO and autophagy that counters the therapeutic effect of endoxifen and AKT inhibitors. Therefore, our results indicate increased activation of AKT and AMPK with metabolic reprogramming and increased autophagy in TAM-resistant cells. Simultaneous inhibition of AKT and FAO/autophagy is necessary to fully sensitize resistant cells to endoxifen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Duan
- Department of Cell and Molecular Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Sarah Calhoun
- Department of Cell and Molecular Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Daeun Shim
- Department of Cell and Molecular Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Ricardo E Perez
- Department of Cell and Molecular Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Lothar A Blatter
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Physiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Carl G Maki
- Department of Cell and Molecular Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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14
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Ghosh A, Rani S, Grover S. Efficacy of endoxifen, a protein kinase C inhibitor for acute and mixed mania: Some concerns worth considering. Bipolar Disord 2021; 23:636. [PMID: 34214241 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.13109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Ghosh
- Department of Psychiatry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research School of Public Health, Chandigarh, India
| | - Seema Rani
- Department of Psychiatry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research School of Public Health, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sandeep Grover
- Department of Psychiatry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research School of Public Health, Chandigarh, India
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15
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Zheng Z, Wang T, Chen J, Qiu H, Zhang C, Liu W, Qin S, Tian J, Guo J. Inflammasome-Induced Osmotic Pressure and the Mechanical Mechanisms Underlying Astrocytic Swelling and Membrane Blebbing in Pyroptosis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:688674. [PMID: 34305921 PMCID: PMC8293990 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.688674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell swelling and membrane blebbing are characteristic of pyroptosis. In the present study, we explored the role of intracellular tension activity in the deformation of pyroptotic astrocytes. Protein nanoparticle-induced osmotic pressure (PN-OP) was found to be involved in cell swelling and membrane blebbing in pyroptotic astrocytes, and was associated closely with inflammasome production and cytoskeleton depolymerization. However, accumulation of protein nanoparticles seemed not to be absolutely required for pyroptotic permeabilization in response to cytoskeleton depolymerization. Gasdermin D activation was observed to be involved in modification of typical pyroptotic features through inflammasome-induced OP upregulation and calcium increment. Blockage of nonselective ion pores can inhibit permeabilization, but not inflammasome production and ion influx in pyroptotic astrocytes. The results suggested that the inflammasomes, as protein nanoparticles, are involved in PN-OP upregulation and control the typical features of pyroptotic astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihui Zheng
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Drug for Degenerative Disease, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Drug for Degenerative Disease, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiahui Chen
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Drug for Degenerative Disease, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Huimin Qiu
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Drug for Degenerative Disease, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chencheng Zhang
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Drug for Degenerative Disease, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Weizhen Liu
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Drug for Degenerative Disease, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Simiao Qin
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jilai Tian
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Drug for Degenerative Disease, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Guo
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Drug for Degenerative Disease, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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16
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Maggadani BP, Harmita, Haryono SJ, Rinaldi MR, Harahap Y. Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling as a New Biosampling Tool for Monitoring of Tamoxifen, Endoxifen, 4-OH Tamoxifen and N-Desmethyltamoxifen in Breast Cancer Patients. Drug Des Devel Ther 2021; 15:2417-2430. [PMID: 34113081 PMCID: PMC8187001 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s286409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In this research, we used a volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) technique to collect blood samples from the patients. A rapid and simple sample preparation method and LC-MS.MS assay was then developed and validated for the simultaneous analysis of tamoxifen and its three active metabolites. METHODS VAMS extraction was performed in methanol by sonication-assisted extraction method for 25 min after 2 hof VAMS drying. Separation was carried out using Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column (2.1 x 100 mm; 1.7 µm), with a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min, and the mobile phase gradient of formic acid 0.1% and formic acid 0.1% in acetonitrile for 5 min. The multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) values were set at m/z 358.31>58.27 for N-desmethyltamoxifen, m/z 372.33>72.28 for tamoxifen, m/z 388.22>72.28 for 4-hydroxytamoxifen, m/z 374.25>58.25 for endoxifen, and m/z 260.26>116.12 for propranolol. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The lower limit of quantification value (LLOQ) was 2.50 ng/mL for tamoxifen, 2.50 ng/mL for endoxifen, 1.50 ng/mL for 4-hydroxitamoxifen, and 2.00 ng/mL for N-desmethyltamoxifen. Accuracy (%bias) and precision (%CV) were within 20% for LLOQ and 15% for other concentrations. There were no interference responses >20% of the LLOQ and 5% of the internal standard. The level of ion suppression in all analytes was less than 7%. The preparation system developed in this study successfully extracted more than 90% of analytes from the matrix with precision below 15%. Carryover was shown to be below 6% in all analytes. Stability of analytes in VAMS was demonstrated for up to 30 days, under room temperature storage in a sealed plastic bag with desiccant. This method was successfully applied to analyze tamoxifen and the metabolites level in 30 ER+ breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Harmita
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, 16424, Indonesia
| | - Samuel J Haryono
- Surgical Oncology Division, MRCCC Siloam Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Yahdiana Harahap
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, 16424, Indonesia
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Martin MA, Sivaguru J, McEvoy J, Sonthiphand P, Khan E. Photolytic fate of (E)- and (Z)-endoxifen in water and treated wastewater exposed to sunlight. Environ Res 2021; 197:111121. [PMID: 33823193 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Endoxifen is the main active metabolite of a common cytostatic drug, tamoxifen. Endoxifen has been recently detected in the final effluent of municipal wastewater treatment plants. The antiestrogenic activity of endoxifen could bring negative effects to aquatic life if released to the water environment. This study elucidated the fate and susceptibility of (E)- and (Z)-endoxifen (2 μg mL-1, 1:1 wt ratio between the two easily interchangeable isomers) in wastewater and receiving surface water to sunlight. Phototransformation by-products (PBPs) and their toxicity were determined. Sunlight reduced at least 83% of endoxifen concentration in wastewater samples, whereas in surface water samples, 60% of endoxifen was photodegraded after 180 min of the irradiation. In ultrapure water samples spiked with endoxifen, PBPs were mainly generated via con-rotatory 6π-photocyclization, followed by oxidative aromatization. These PBPs underwent secondary reactions leading to a series of PBPs with different molecular weights. Eight PBPs were identified and the toxicity analysis via the Toxicity Estimation Software Tool revealed that seven of these PBPs are more toxic than endoxifen itself. This is likely due to the formation of poly-aromatic core in the PBPs due to exposure to sunlight. Therefore, highly toxic PBPs may be generated if endoxifen is present in water and wastewater exposed to sunlight. The presence, fates and activities of these PBPs in surface water especially at locations close to treated wastewater discharge points should be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Ariño Martin
- Environmental and Conservation Sciences Program, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA; International Postgraduate Programs in Environmental Management, Graduate School Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Jayaraman Sivaguru
- Center for Photochemical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, 43403, USA.
| | - John McEvoy
- Department of Microbiological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA.
| | | | - Eakalak Khan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA.
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18
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Pingarron C, de Lafuente P, Ierullo AM, Poyo Torcal S, Maroto Díaz CJ, Palacios S. Ospemifene in clinical practice for vulvo-vaginal atrophy: results at 3 months of follow-up of use. Gynecol Endocrinol 2021; 37:562-566. [PMID: 33300371 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2020.1853695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of ospemifene 60 mg/day in vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA) in postmenopausal women under conditions of routine clinical practice after 3 months of follow-up. METHODS The AYSEX study is a Spanish observational, prospective, and unicentric study in which 5 gynecologists recruited postmenopausal women with VVA in routine clinical practice treated with ospemifene 60 mg/day as an appropriate therapeutic option. Vaginal health, sexual health, dryness, dyspareunia, quality of life, and satisfaction with treatment were assessed at baseline and after three months using validated scales. RESULTS A total of 100 postmenopausal women cytologically and clinically diagnosed with VVA were included in the study. After 3 months of treatment with ospemifene, vaginal health index increased and vaginal pH, dryness, and dyspareunia decreased significantly (p < .0001). A significant improvement was observed in sexual function and quality of life. CONCLUSIONS This study in routine clinical practice conditions confirms the results previously reported by randomized controlled trials, including a significant improvement in VVA, sexual function, quality of life, and satisfaction with the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pilar de Lafuente
- Instituto Palacios de Salud y Medicina de la Mujer, Instituto Palacios de Salud y Medicina de la Mujer, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Santiago Palacios
- Instituto Palacios de Salud y Medicina de la Mujer, Instituto Palacios de Salud y Medicina de la Mujer, Madrid, Spain
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Díaz M, Lobo F, Hernández D, Amesty Á, Valdés-Baizabal C, Canerina-Amaro A, Mesa-Herrera F, Soler K, Boto A, Marín R, Estévez-Braun A, Lahoz F. FLTX2: A Novel Tamoxifen Derivative Endowed with Antiestrogenic, Fluorescent, and Photosensitizer Properties. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105339. [PMID: 34069498 PMCID: PMC8161337 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tamoxifen is the most widely used selective modulator of estrogen receptors (SERM) and the first strategy as coadjuvant therapy for the treatment of estrogen-receptor (ER) positive breast cancer worldwide. In spite of such success, tamoxifen is not devoid of undesirable effects, the most life-threatening reported so far affecting uterine tissues. Indeed, tamoxifen treatment is discouraged in women under risk of uterine cancers. Recent molecular design efforts have endeavoured the development of tamoxifen derivatives with antiestrogen properties but lacking agonistic uterine tropism. One of this is FLTX2, formed by the covalent binding of tamoxifen as ER binding core, 7-nitrobenzofurazan (NBD) as the florescent dye, and Rose Bengal (RB) as source for reactive oxygen species. Our analyses demonstrate (1) FLTX2 is endowed with similar antiestrogen potency as tamoxifen and its predecessor FLTX1, (2) shows a strong absorption in the blue spectral range, associated to the NBD moiety, which efficiently transfers the excitation energy to RB through intramolecular FRET mechanism, (3) generates superoxide anions in a concentration- and irradiation time-dependent process, and (4) Induces concentration- and time-dependent MCF7 apoptotic cell death. These properties make FLTX2 a very promising candidate to lead a novel generation of SERMs with the endogenous capacity to promote breast tumour cell death in situ by photosensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Díaz
- Departamento Biología Animal, Edafología y Geología, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 Tenerife, Spain;
- Unidad Asociada ULL-CSIC “Fisiología y Biofísica de la Membrana Celular en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas y Tumorales”, 38200 Tenerife, Spain; (A.B.); (R.M.); (F.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Fernando Lobo
- Programa Agustín de Betancourt, Universidad de la Laguna, 38200 Tenerife, Spain; (F.L.); (Á.A.); (C.V.-B.)
| | - Dácil Hernández
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología del CSIC, Avda. Astrofísico F. Sánchez, 38206 Tenerife, Spain;
| | - Ángel Amesty
- Programa Agustín de Betancourt, Universidad de la Laguna, 38200 Tenerife, Spain; (F.L.); (Á.A.); (C.V.-B.)
- Instituto Universitario de Bioorgánica “Antonio González”, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 Tenerife, Spain;
| | - Catalina Valdés-Baizabal
- Programa Agustín de Betancourt, Universidad de la Laguna, 38200 Tenerife, Spain; (F.L.); (Á.A.); (C.V.-B.)
- Departamento Ciencias Médicas Básicas, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 Tenerife, Spain;
| | - Ana Canerina-Amaro
- Departamento Ciencias Médicas Básicas, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 Tenerife, Spain;
| | - Fátima Mesa-Herrera
- Departamento Biología Animal, Edafología y Geología, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 Tenerife, Spain;
| | - Kevin Soler
- Departamento Física, IUdEA, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 Tenerife, Spain;
| | - Alicia Boto
- Unidad Asociada ULL-CSIC “Fisiología y Biofísica de la Membrana Celular en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas y Tumorales”, 38200 Tenerife, Spain; (A.B.); (R.M.); (F.L.)
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología del CSIC, Avda. Astrofísico F. Sánchez, 38206 Tenerife, Spain;
| | - Raquel Marín
- Unidad Asociada ULL-CSIC “Fisiología y Biofísica de la Membrana Celular en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas y Tumorales”, 38200 Tenerife, Spain; (A.B.); (R.M.); (F.L.)
- Departamento Ciencias Médicas Básicas, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 Tenerife, Spain;
| | - Ana Estévez-Braun
- Instituto Universitario de Bioorgánica “Antonio González”, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 Tenerife, Spain;
- Departamento Química Orgánica, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 Tenerife, Spain
| | - Fernando Lahoz
- Unidad Asociada ULL-CSIC “Fisiología y Biofísica de la Membrana Celular en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas y Tumorales”, 38200 Tenerife, Spain; (A.B.); (R.M.); (F.L.)
- Departamento Física, IUdEA, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 Tenerife, Spain;
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Kim KS, Kim DK, Na SY, Jung YS, Cho SJ, Kim J, Lee IK, Kim YH, Lee CH, Jeong WI, Jo EK, Choi HS. Frontline Science: Estrogen-related receptor γ increases poly(I:C)-mediated type I IFN expression in mouse macrophages. J Leukoc Biol 2021; 109:865-875. [PMID: 33615540 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.2hi1219-762r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although type I IFNs (IFN-I) are important for the innate and adaptive immune responses to suppress viral replication, prolonged IFN-I signaling in macrophages suppresses the immune response. Nuclear receptor estrogen-related receptor γ (ERRγ) regulates the transcription of genes involved in endocrine and metabolic functions. However, the role of ERRγ in macrophage immune responses to viruses remains largely unknown. ERRγ expression was significantly induced in mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) treated with polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)). Our results indicated that the induction of ERRγ expression by poly(I:C) is mediated through activation of the cytoplasmic dsRNA receptors, retinoic acid-inducible gene I and melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5. In BMDMs, overexpression of ERRγ significantly increased gene expression and secretion of the IFN-I genes, IFN-α and IFN-β, whereas abolition of ERRγ significantly attenuated poly(I:C)-mediated IFN-I secretion. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays and mutation analyses of the IFN-I promoters revealed that ERRγ regulates the transcription of IFN-α and IFN-β by binding to a conserved ERR response element in each promoter region. Finally, GSK5182 significantly suppressed poly(I:C)-mediated induction of IFN-I gene expression and secretion in BMDMs. Taken together, these findings reveal a previously unrecognized role for ERRγ in the transcriptional control of innate and adaptive immune response to dsRNA virus replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Sun Kim
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Nuclear Receptor Signals, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Don-Kyu Kim
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Young Na
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Nuclear Receptor Signals, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Seok Jung
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Nuclear Receptor Signals, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Jin Cho
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Leading-edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jina Kim
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Kyu Lee
- Leading-edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hoon Kim
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Lee
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Il Jeong
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Kyeong Jo
- Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hueng-Sik Choi
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Nuclear Receptor Signals, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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Cao Y, Li R, Shen M, Li C, Zou Y, Jiang Q, Liu S, Lu C, Li H, Liu H, Cai Y. DDRGK1, a crucial player of ufmylation system, is indispensable for autophagic degradation by regulating lysosomal function. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:416. [PMID: 33879777 PMCID: PMC8058061 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03694-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
DDRGK domain-containing protein 1 (DDRGK1) is an important component of the newly discovered ufmylation system and its absence has been reported to induce extensive endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Recently, emerging evidence indicates that the ufmylation system is correlated with autophagy, although the exact mechanism remains largely unknown. To explore the regulation mechanism of DDRGK1 on autophagy, in this study, we established an immortalized mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cell lines harvested from the DDRGK1F/F:ROSA26-CreERT2 mice, in which DDRGK1 depletion can be induced by 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-OHT) treatment. Here, we show that DDRGK1 deficiency in MEFs has a dual effect on autophagy, which leads to a significant accumulation of autophagosomes. On one hand, it promotes autophagy induction by impairing mTOR signaling; on the other hand, it blocks autophagy degradation by inhibiting autophagosome-lysosome fusion. This dual effect of DDRGK1 depletion on autophagy ultimately aggravates apoptosis in MEFs. Further studies reveal that DDRGK1 loss is correlated with suppressed lysosomal function, including impaired Cathepsin D (CTSD) expression, aberrant lysosomal pH, and v-ATPase accumulation, which might be a potential trigger for impairment in autophagy process. Hence, this study confirms a crucial role of DDRGK1 as an autophagy regulator by controlling lysosomal function. It may provide a theoretical basis for the treatment strategies of various physiological diseases caused by DDRGK1 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Cao
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
| | - Rongyang Li
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Shen
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
| | - Chengyu Li
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Zou
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiang Jiang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuo Liu
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunwan Lu
- School of life sciences, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, China
| | - Honglin Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Honglin Liu
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yafei Cai
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China.
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Heinen A, Gödecke S, Flögel U, Miklos D, Bottermann K, Spychala A, Gödecke A. 4-hydroxytamoxifen does not deteriorate cardiac function in cardiomyocyte-specific MerCreMer transgenic mice. Basic Res Cardiol 2021; 116:8. [PMID: 33544211 PMCID: PMC7864833 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-020-00841-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Conditional, cell-type-specific transgenic mouse lines are of high value in cardiovascular research. A standard tool for cardiomyocyte-restricted DNA editing is the αMHC-MerCreMer/loxP system. However, there is an ongoing debate on the occurrence of cardiac side effects caused by unspecific Cre activity or related to tamoxifen/oil overload. Here, we investigated potential adverse effects of DNA editing by the αMHC-MerCreMer/loxP system in combination with a low-dose treatment protocol with the tamoxifen metabolite 4-hydroxytamoxifen (OH-Txf). αMHC-MerCreMer mice received intraperitoneally OH-Txf (20 mg/kg) for 5 or 10 days. These treatment protocols were highly efficient to induce DNA editing in adult mouse hearts. Multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging revealed neither transient nor permanent effects on cardiac function during or up to 19 days after 5 day OH-Txf treatment. Furthermore, OH-Txf did not affect cardiac phosphocreatine/ATP ratios assessed by in vivo 31P MR spectroscopy, indicating no Cre-mediated side effects on cardiac energy status. No MRI-based indication for the development of cardiac fibrosis was found as mean T1 relaxation time was unchanged. Histological analysis of myocardial collagen III content after OH-Txf confirmed this result. Last, mean T2 relaxation time was not altered after Txf treatment suggesting no pronounced cardiac lipid accumulation or tissue oedema. In additional experiments, cardiac function was assessed for up to 42 days to investigate potential delayed side effects of OH-Txf treatment. Neither 5- nor 10-day treatment resulted in a depression of cardiac function. Efficient cardiomyocyte-restricted DNA editing that is free of unwanted side effects on cardiac function, energetics or fibrosis can be achieved in adult mice when the αMHC-MerCreMer/loxP system is activated by the tamoxifen metabolite OH-Txf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Heinen
- Institut für Herz- und Kreislaufphysiologie, Medizinische Fakultät und Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stefanie Gödecke
- Institut für Herz- und Kreislaufphysiologie, Medizinische Fakultät und Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ulrich Flögel
- Institut für Molekulare Kardiologie, Medizinische Fakultät und Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dominika Miklos
- Institut für Herz- und Kreislaufphysiologie, Medizinische Fakultät und Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Katharina Bottermann
- Institut für Herz- und Kreislaufphysiologie, Medizinische Fakultät und Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - André Spychala
- Institut für Herz- und Kreislaufphysiologie, Medizinische Fakultät und Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Axel Gödecke
- Institut für Herz- und Kreislaufphysiologie, Medizinische Fakultät und Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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23
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Dymond A, Holmes H, McMaster J, Craig J, Davies H, Mealing S, Perard R. Economic Evaluation of Senshio ® (Ospemifene) for the Treatment of Vulvovaginal Atrophy in Scotland. Appl Health Econ Health Policy 2021; 19:123-132. [PMID: 32390072 DOI: 10.1007/s40258-020-00589-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Local oestrogens, the current treatment for vulvar and vaginal atrophy (VVA), are not suitable for all women. Standard of care (SoC) consists of over-the-counter lubricants and moisturisers. Senshio® (ospemifene) provides a treatment option for postmenopausal women who are not candidates for local vaginal oestrogen therapy who would otherwise have an unmet clinical need. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to estimate the cost-effectiveness of ospemifene, a selective oestrogen receptor modulator, for the treatment of moderate to severe symptomatic VVA in postmenopausal women who are not candidates for local vaginal oestrogen therapy. METHODS The Scottish Medicines Consortium (SMC) recently evaluated the clinical and cost-effectiveness evidence of ospemifene plus SoC compared with SoC alone. A cost-effectiveness study, from a National Health Service (NHS) Scotland perspective over a lifetime time horizon, was submitted to the SMC. The cohort-based Markov model used robust clinical evidence from two large pivotal phase III randomised controlled studies and included four health states classified by dyspareunia symptom severity: none, mild, moderate and severe. The movement of women between health states was dependent on the effectiveness of treatment in reducing dyspareunia. Extensive sensitivity analyses were undertaken to assess the level of confidence associated with the base-case results. RESULTS Treatment with ospemifene was associated with an additional cost of £847 per patient and an increase in quality-adjusted life-years (QALY) of 0.06 per patient. Ospemifene had an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of £14,138 per QALY. In the probabilistic sensitivity analysis, there was a probability of 89% that ospemifene was cost-effective at a threshold of £20,000 per QALY gained. Ospemifene remained cost-effective under all scenario analyses. The SMC reviewed the clinical and economic evidence and judged that the evidence demonstrated a robust case to support prescribing ospemifene in NHS Scotland. CONCLUSION Ospemifene is a cost-effective intervention that has recently been accepted by the SMC for the treatment of postmenopausal women with moderate to severe VVA who are not candidates for local oestrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Dymond
- York Health Economics Consortium, Enterprise House, Innovation Way, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5NQ, UK.
| | - Hayden Holmes
- York Health Economics Consortium, Enterprise House, Innovation Way, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5NQ, UK
| | - Jessica McMaster
- York Health Economics Consortium, Enterprise House, Innovation Way, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5NQ, UK
| | - Joyce Craig
- York Health Economics Consortium, Enterprise House, Innovation Way, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5NQ, UK
| | - Heather Davies
- York Health Economics Consortium, Enterprise House, Innovation Way, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5NQ, UK
| | - Stuart Mealing
- York Health Economics Consortium, Enterprise House, Innovation Way, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5NQ, UK
| | - Rodolphe Perard
- Health Economics and Market Access, Shionogi B.V., 33 Kingsway, London, WC2B 6UF, UK
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Wallace SL, St Martin B, Lee K, Sokol ER. A cost-effectiveness analysis of vaginal carbon dioxide laser therapy compared with standard medical therapies for genitourinary syndrome of menopause-associated dyspareunia. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2020; 223:890.e1-890.e12. [PMID: 32562659 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Topical vaginal estrogen therapy is considered the gold standard treatment for genitourinary syndrome of menopause-associated dyspareunia, but early investigations of energy-based devices show promise for patients with contraindications or those who are refractory to vaginal estrogen cream therapy. Although evaluating safety, efficacy, and long-term outcomes for novel technologies is critically important when new technologies become available to treat unmet healthcare needs, evaluation of the costs of these new technologies compared with existing therapies is also critically important but often understudied. OBJECTIVE We sought to perform a cost-effectiveness analysis of 3 therapies for genitourinary syndrome of menopause, including vaginal estrogen therapy, oral ospemifene therapy, and vaginal CO2 laser therapy and determine if vaginal laser therapy is a cost-effective treatment strategy for dyspareunia associated with genitourinary syndrome of menopause. STUDY DESIGN An institutional review board-exempt cost-effectiveness analysis was performed by constructing a decision tree using decision analysis software (TreeAge Pro; TreeAge Software, Inc, Williamstown, MA) using integrated empirical data from the published literature. Tornado plots and 1-way and 2-way sensitivity analyses were performed to assess how changes in the model's input parameters altered the overall outcome of the cost-effectiveness analysis model. RESULTS All 3 treatment methods were found to be cost-effective below the willingness-to-pay threshold of $50,000.00 per quality-adjusted life year for moderate dyspareunia. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio for vaginal CO2 laser therapy was $16,372.01 and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio for ospemifene therapy was $5711.14. Although all 3 treatment strategies were on the efficient frontier, vaginal CO2 laser therapy was the optimal treatment strategy with the highest effectiveness. In a 1-way sensitivity analysis of treatment adherence, vaginal CO2 laser therapy was no longer cost-effective when the adherence fell below 38.8%. Vaginal estrogen cream and ospemifene therapies remained cost-effective treatment strategies at all ranges of adherence. When varying the adherence to 100% for all strategies, oral ospemifene therapy was "dominated" by both vaginal CO2 laser therapy and vaginal estrogen cream therapy. In a 2-way sensitivity analysis of vaginal CO2 laser therapy adherence and vaginal CO2 laser therapy cost, vaginal CO2 laser therapy still remained the optimal treatment strategy at 200% of its current cost ($5554.00) when the adherence was >55%. When the cost fell to 20% of its current cost ($555.40), it was the optimal treatment strategy at all adherence values above 29%. CONCLUSION This study showed that vaginal fractional CO2 laser therapy is a cost-effective treatment strategy for dyspareunia associated with GSM, as are both vaginal estrogen and oral ospemifene therapies. In our model, vaginal CO2 laser therapy is the optimal cost-effective treatment strategy, and insurance coverage should be considered for this treatment option if it is proven to be safe and effective in FDA trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon L Wallace
- Division of Urogynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University Hospital, Palo Alto, CA.
| | - Brad St Martin
- Division of Urogynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University Hospital, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Kyueun Lee
- Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Eric R Sokol
- Division of Urogynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University Hospital, Palo Alto, CA
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Gusella M, Pasini F, Corso B, Bertolaso L, De Rosa G, Falci C, Modena Y, Barile C, Da Corte Z D, Fraccon A, Toso S, Cretella E, Brunello A, Modonesi C, Segati R, Oliani C, Minicuci N, Padrini R. Predicting steady-state endoxifen plasma concentrations in breast cancer patients by CYP2D6 genotyping or phenotyping. Which approach is more reliable? Pharmacol Res Perspect 2020; 8:e00646. [PMID: 32813313 PMCID: PMC7437348 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In previous studies, steady-state Z-endoxifen plasma concentrations (ENDOss) correlated with relapse-free survival in women on tamoxifen (TAM) treatment for breast cancer. ENDOss also correlated significantly with CYP2D6 genotype (activity score) and CYP2D6 phenotype (dextromethorphan test). Our aim was to ascertain which method for assessing CYP2D6 activity is more reliable in predicting ENDOss. The study concerned 203 Caucasian women on tamoxifen-adjuvant therapy (20 mg q.d.). Before starting treatment, CYP2D6 was genotyped (and activity scores computed), and the urinary log(dextromethorphan/dextrorphan) ratio [log(DM/DX)] was calculated after 15 mg of oral dextromethorphan. Plasma concentrations of TAM, N-desmethyl-tamoxifen (ND-TAM), Z-4OH-tamoxifen (4OH-TAM) and ENDO were assayed 1, 4, and 8 months after first administering TAM. Multivariable regression analysis was used to identify the clinical and laboratory variables predicting log-transformed ENDOss (log-ENDOss). Genotype-derived CYP2D6 phenotypes (PM, IM, NM, EM) and log(DM/DX) correlated independently with log-ENDOss. Genotype-phenotype concordance was almost complete only for poor metabolizers, whereas it emerged that 34% of intermediate, normal, and ultrarapid metabolizers were classified differently based on log(DM/DX). Multivariable regression analysis selected log(DM/DX) as the best predictor, with patients' age, weak inhibitor use, and CYP2D6 phenotype decreasingly important: log-ENDOss = 0.162 - log(DM/DX) × 0.170 + age × 0.0063 - weak inhibitor use × 0.250 + IM × 0.105 + (NM + UM) × 0.210; (R2 = 0.51). In conclusion, log(DM/DX) seems superior to genotype-derived CYP2D6 phenotype in predicting ENDOss.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Felice Pasini
- Oncology UnitCasa di Cura PederzoliPeschiera del GardaItaly
| | - Barbara Corso
- National Research CouncilNeuroscience InstitutePadovaItaly
| | | | - Giovanni De Rosa
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit of the Department of Medicine (DIMED)University of PadovaPadovaItaly
| | - Cristina Falci
- Oncology Unit 2Istituto Oncologico Veneto (IOV)IRCCS PadovaPadovaItaly
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Nadia Minicuci
- National Research CouncilNeuroscience InstitutePadovaItaly
| | - Roberto Padrini
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit of the Department of Medicine (DIMED)University of PadovaPadovaItaly
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Mueller-Schoell A, Klopp-Schulze L, Schroth W, Mürdter T, Michelet R, Brauch H, Huisinga W, Joerger M, Neven P, Koolen SLW, Mathijssen RHJ, Copson E, Eccles D, Chen S, Chowbay B, Tfayli A, Zgheib NK, Schwab M, Kloft C. Obesity Alters Endoxifen Plasma Levels in Young Breast Cancer Patients: A Pharmacometric Simulation Approach. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2020; 108:661-670. [PMID: 32578187 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.1960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Endoxifen is one of the most important metabolites of the prodrug tamoxifen. High interindividual variability in endoxifen steady-state concentrations (CSS,min ENDX ) is observed under tamoxifen standard dosing and patients with breast cancer who do not reach endoxifen concentrations above a proposed therapeutic threshold of 5.97 ng/mL may be at a 26% higher recurrence risk compared with patients with endoxifen concentrations exceeding this value. In this investigation, 10 clinical tamoxifen studies were pooled (1,388 patients) to investigate influential factors on CSS,min ENDX using nonlinear mixed-effects modeling. Age and body weight were found to significantly impact CSS,min ENDX in addition to CYP2D6 phenotype. Compared with postmenopausal patients, premenopausal patients had a 30% higher risk for subtarget CSS,min ENDX at tamoxifen 20 mg per day. In treatment simulations for distinct patient subpopulations, young overweight patients had a 3.1-13.8-fold higher risk for subtarget CSS,min ENDX compared with elderly low-weight patients. Considering ever-rising obesity rates and the clinical importance of tamoxifen for premenopausal patients, this subpopulation may benefit most from individualized tamoxifen dosing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Mueller-Schoell
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Graduate Research Training Program PharMetrX, Berlin/Potsdam, Germany
| | - Lena Klopp-Schulze
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Werner Schroth
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Mürdter
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Robin Michelet
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hiltrud Brauch
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and of German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Huisinga
- Institute of Mathematics, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Markus Joerger
- Department of Medical Oncology and Haematology, Cantonal Hospital, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Neven
- Vesalius Research Center - VIB, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stijn L W Koolen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ron H J Mathijssen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen Copson
- Cancer Sciences Academic Unit and University of Southampton Clinical Trials Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Diana Eccles
- Cancer Sciences Academic Unit and University of Southampton Clinical Trials Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Sylvia Chen
- Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory, Division of Cellular & Molecular Research, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Balram Chowbay
- Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory, Division of Cellular & Molecular Research, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
- Center for Clinician-Scientist Development, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- SingHealth Clinical Pharmacology, SingHealth, Singapore
| | - Arafat Tfayli
- Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nathalie K Zgheib
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Matthias Schwab
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and of German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Departments of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Charlotte Kloft
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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27
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Drugs for menopausal symptoms. Med Lett Drugs Ther 2020; 62:124-8. [PMID: 32960867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
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28
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Abstract
Vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA) is a frequent, underreported and underdiagnosed condition. Ospemifene is a third-generation Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator (SERM) that has been shown to be effective in women with VVA and dyspareunia, vaginal dryness and vulvar vestibular symptoms. Some of the possible side effects included by FDA and EMA are hot flushes, headache, muscle spasms, vaginal bleeding and vaginal discharge. Ospemifene does not increase the incidence of endometrial cancer or hyperplasia. While the efficacy is comparable with that of estrogenic treatments, ospemifene is not only well tolerated and safe but also reduces bone turnover in postmenopausal women, and available data indicate no safety concerns for breast tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lino Del Pup
- University Sanitary Agency Friuli Central, Udine, Italy
- Board of Italian Society of Third Age Gynecology (SIGiTE), Milan, Italy
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29
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Jayaraman S, Hou X, Kuffel MJ, Suman VJ, Hoskin TL, Reinicke KE, Monroe DG, Kalari KR, Tang X, Zeldenrust MA, Cheng J, Bruinsma ES, Buhrow SA, McGovern RM, Safgren SL, Walden CA, Carter JM, Reid JM, Ingle JN, Ames MM, Hawse JR, Goetz MP. Antitumor activity of Z-endoxifen in aromatase inhibitor-sensitive and aromatase inhibitor-resistant estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2020; 22:51. [PMID: 32430040 PMCID: PMC7238733 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-020-01286-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tamoxifen metabolite, Z-endoxifen, demonstrated promising antitumor activity in endocrine-resistant estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer. We compared the antitumor activity of Z-endoxifen with tamoxifen and letrozole in the letrozole-sensitive MCF7 aromatase expressing model (MCF7AC1), as well as with tamoxifen, fulvestrant, exemestane, and exemestane plus everolimus in a letrozole-resistant MCF7 model (MCF7LR). METHODS MCF7AC1 tumor-bearing mice were randomized to control (no drug), letrozole (10 μg/day), tamoxifen (500 μg/day), or Z-endoxifen (25 and 75 mg/kg). Treatment in the letrozole arm was continued until resistance developed. MCF7LR tumor-bearing mice were then randomized to Z-endoxifen (50 mg/kg) or tamoxifen for 4 weeks and tumors harvested for microarray and immunohistochemistry analysis. The antitumor activity of Z-endoxifen in the MCF7LR tumors was further compared in a second in vivo study with exemestane, exemestane plus everolimus, and fulvestrant. RESULTS In the MCF7AC1 tumors, both Z-endoxifen doses were significantly superior to control and tamoxifen in reducing tumor volumes at 4 weeks. Additionally, the 75 mg/kg Z-endoxifen dose was additionally superior to letrozole. Prolonged letrozole exposure resulted in resistance at 25 weeks. In MCF7LR tumor-bearing mice, Z-endoxifen significantly reduced tumor volumes compared to tamoxifen, letrozole, and exemestane, with no significant differences compared to exemestane plus everolimus and fulvestrant. Additionally, compared to tamoxifen, Z-endoxifen markedly inhibited ERα target genes, Ki67 and Akt expression in vivo. CONCLUSION In endocrine-sensitive and letrozole-resistant breast tumors, Z-endoxifen results in robust antitumor and antiestrogenic activity compared to tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitor monotherapy. These data support the ongoing development of Z-endoxifen.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaonan Hou
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Mary J Kuffel
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Vera J Suman
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Tanya L Hoskin
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - David G Monroe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Krishna R Kalari
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Xiaojia Tang
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Jingfei Cheng
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Elizabeth S Bruinsma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | | | - Chad A Walden
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jodi M Carter
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Joel M Reid
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - James N Ingle
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - John R Hawse
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Matthew P Goetz
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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30
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Abstract
This study is a single-center, retrospective analysis of postmenopausal women presenting with dyspareunia and vulvar pain, aiming to evaluate relative effectiveness of vestibular CO2 laser therapy as a treatment. Three monthly sessions of laser were performed to each patient and thereafter a three-months follow-up was stablished. A total number of 72 patients undergoing vestibular laser treatment were recruited from patient files in the period between 2016 and 2018. Among these, 39 women also received a concomitant treatment with ospemifene (60 mg/day) during the study period. There was a statistically significant reduction of all the symptoms in both groups up to the three month follow-up. Regarding dryness and dyspareunia, the relief tent to be more prominent in the ospemifene + laser group at all follow-ups and remained statistically significant at three-month follow-up. Specifically, vestibular dryness was significantly lower in the ospemifene + laser group compared with the laser treatment group (-87% vs - 34%, respectively), and the vestibular health score started declining faster in the ospemifene + laser group. Although, additional research is needed to understand the mechanism of action, our data shows that a combination regimen of laser and ospemifene may improve clinical effectiveness for long-term treatment of symptoms associated with the under-recognized genitourinary syndrome of menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Murina
- Lower Genital Tract Disease Unit, V. Buzzi Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - R Felice
- Lower Genital Tract Disease Unit, V. Buzzi Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - S Di Francesco
- Lower Genital Tract Disease Unit, V. Buzzi Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - L Nelvastellio
- Lower Genital Tract Disease Unit, V. Buzzi Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - I Cetin
- Lower Genital Tract Disease Unit, V. Buzzi Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Vernier M, Dufour CR, McGuirk S, Scholtes C, Li X, Bourmeau G, Kuasne H, Park M, St-Pierre J, Audet-Walsh E, Giguère V. Estrogen-related receptors are targetable ROS sensors. Genes Dev 2020; 34:544-559. [PMID: 32079653 PMCID: PMC7111261 DOI: 10.1101/gad.330746.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) can cause oxidative stress and consequently cell injury contributing to a wide range of diseases. Addressing the critical gaps in our understanding of the adaptive molecular events downstream ROS provocation holds promise for the identification of druggable metabolic vulnerabilities. Here, we unveil a direct molecular link between the activity of two estrogen-related receptor (ERR) isoforms and the control of glutamine utilization and glutathione antioxidant production. ERRα down-regulation restricts glutamine entry into the TCA cycle, while ERRγ up-regulation promotes glutamine-driven glutathione production. Notably, we identify increased ERRγ expression/activation as a hallmark of oxidative stress triggered by mitochondrial disruption or chemotherapy. Enhanced tumor antioxidant capacity is an underlying feature of human breast cancer (BCa) patients that respond poorly to treatment. We demonstrate that pharmacological inhibition of ERRγ with the selective inverse agonist GSK5182 increases antitumor efficacy of the chemotherapeutic paclitaxel on poor outcome BCa tumor organoids. Our findings thus underscore the ERRs as novel redox sensors and effectors of a ROS defense program and highlight the potential therapeutic advantage of exploiting ERRγ inhibitors for the treatment of BCa and other diseases where oxidative stress plays a central role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Vernier
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Catherine R Dufour
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Shawn McGuirk
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Charlotte Scholtes
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Xiaojing Li
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Guillaume Bourmeau
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Hellen Kuasne
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Morag Park
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
- Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Julie St-Pierre
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Etienne Audet-Walsh
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Vincent Giguère
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
- Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
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Martin MA, Sivaguru J, McEvoy J, Sonthiphand P, Delorme A, Khan E. Photodegradation of (E)- and (Z)-Endoxifen in water by ultraviolet light: Efficiency, kinetics, by-products, and toxicity assessment. Water Res 2020; 171:115451. [PMID: 31901682 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.115451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Endoxifen is an effective metabolite of a common chemotherapy agent, tamoxifen. Endoxifen, which is toxic to aquatic animals, has been detected in wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent. This research investigates ultraviolet (UV) radiation (253.7 nm) application to degrade (E)- and (Z)-endoxifen in water and wastewater and phototransformation by-products (PBPs) and their toxicity. The effects of light intensity, pH and initial concentrations of (E)- and (Z)-endoxifen on the photodegradation rate were examined. Endoxifen in water was eliminated ≥99.1% after 35 s of irradiation (light dose of 598.5 mJ cm-2). Light intensity and initial concentrations of (E)- and (Z)-endoxifen exhibited positive trends with the photodegradation rates while pH had no effect. Photodegradation of (E)- and (Z)-endoxifen in water resulted in three PBPs. Toxicity assessments through modeling of the identified PBPs suggest higher toxicity than the parent compounds. Photodegradation of (E)- and (Z)-endoxifen in wastewater at light doses used for disinfection in WWTPs (16, 30 and 97 mJ cm-2) resulted in reductions of (E)- and (Z)-endoxifen from 30 to 71%. Two of the three PBPs observed in the experiments with water were detected in the wastewater experiments. Therefore, toxic compounds are potentially generated at WWTPs by UV disinfection if (E)- and (Z)-endoxifen are present in treated wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Ariño Martin
- Environmental and Conservation Sciences Program, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA; International Postgraduate Programs in Environmental Management, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Jayaraman Sivaguru
- Center for Photochemical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, 43403, USA.
| | - John McEvoy
- Department of Microbiological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA.
| | | | - Andre Delorme
- Department of Science, Valley City State University, Valley City, ND, 58072, USA.
| | - Eakalak Khan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA.
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Goldstein I, Simon JA, Kaunitz AM, Altomare C, Yoshida Y, Zhu J, Schaffer S, Soulban G. Effects of ospemifene on genitourinary health assessed by prospective vulvar-vestibular photography and vaginal/vulvar health indices. Menopause 2019; 26:994-1001. [PMID: 31453961 PMCID: PMC6738630 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000001350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To prospectively evaluate the effects of ospemifene on the vulva and vagina in postmenopausal women using vulvar-vestibular photography and direct visual assessments. METHODS Postmenopausal women (aged 40-80 years) with moderate to severe vaginal dryness as their most bothersome symptom (MBS) were randomized to daily ospemifene 60 mg or placebo in this 12-week, multicenter, double-blind, phase 3 study. Vulvar-vestibular photographic images were captured at baseline and week 12 and were independently assessed with the Vulvar Imaging Assessment Scale (VIAS). Changes from baseline in Vaginal and Vulvar Health Indices (VHI and VuHI) with ospemifene versus placebo were analyzed at weeks 4, 8, and 12. Correlations between VIAS, VHI, and VuHI, with vaginal dryness severity and the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) scores were also assessed. RESULTS In all, 631 eligible participants were randomized (ospemifene 316, placebo 315) and included in the intention-to-treat population. Compared with placebo, ospemifene significantly improved total scores for VIAS (P = 0.0154), VHI (P < 0.0001), and VuHI (P < 0.0001) from baseline to week 12; significant VHI (P < 0.0001) and VuHI (P = 0.002) improvements were observed at week 4. Most VHI and VuHI individual items were significantly better with ospemifene versus placebo at week 12 (P < 0.05). Most correlations between the vulvovaginal assessment total scores versus vaginal dryness severity and FSFI scores were significant (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Improvements observed in vulvovaginal health with ospemifene assessed by prospective vulvar-vestibular photography and other direct visual assessments support its efficacy in addition to the treatment of moderate to severe vaginal dryness due to menopause and the use of photographic and direct visual evaluations in future clinical trials. VIDEO SUMMARY Supplemental Digital Content 1, http://links.lww.com/MENO/A415.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James A. Simon
- George Washington University, School of Medicine, IntimMedicine Specialists, Washington, DC
| | - Andrew M. Kaunitz
- University of Florida, College of Medicine-Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL
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Archer DF, Simon JA, Portman DJ, Goldstein SR, Goldstein I. Ospemifene for the treatment of menopausal vaginal dryness, a symptom of the genitourinary syndrome of menopause. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2019; 14:301-314. [PMID: 31526199 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2019.1657008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA), a component of the genitourinary syndrome of menopause, is a progressive condition due to decline in estrogen leading to vaginal and vulvar epithelial changes. Accompanying symptoms of dryness, irritation, burning, dysuria, and/or dyspareunia have a negative impact on quality of life. Ospemifene is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) approved by the FDA for moderate to severe dyspareunia and vaginal dryness due to postmenopausal VVA. Areas covered: PubMed was searched from inception to March 2019 with keywords ospemifene and vulvar vaginal atrophy to review preclinical and clinical data describing the safety and efficacy of ospemifene for vaginal dryness and dyspareunia due to VVA. Covered topics include efficacy of ospemifene on vaginal cell populations, vaginal pH, and most bothersome VVA symptoms; imaging studies of vulvar and vaginal tissues; effects on sexual function; and safety of ospemifene on endometrium, cardiovascular system, and breast. Expert opinion: Ospemifene is significantly more effective than placebo in all efficacy analyses studied, working through estrogen receptors and possibly androgen receptors. Safety as assessed by adverse events was generally comparable to that with placebo and to other SERMs, and/or adverse events were not clinically meaningful. No cases of endometrial or breast cancer were reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- David F Archer
- Clinical Research Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School , Norfolk , VA , USA
| | - James A Simon
- School of Medicine, and IntimMedicine Specialists, George Washington University , Washington , DC , USA
| | | | - Steven R Goldstein
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York University School of Medicine , New York , NY , USA
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Esakov EL, Hale J, Richards EG, Torre-Healy L, Gullapalli K, Trivedi D, Chumakova A, Wessely O, Jensen J, Lathia J, Reizes O. Therapeutic strategies to induce ERα in luminal breast cancer to enhance tamoxifen efficacy. Endocr Relat Cancer 2019; 26:689-698. [PMID: 31167163 PMCID: PMC6885119 DOI: 10.1530/erc-19-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most prevalent malignancy and second leading cause of death in women worldwide, with hormone receptor-positive luminal breast cancers being the most widespread subtype. While these tumors are generally amenable to endocrine therapy, cellular heterogeneity and acquired ability of tumor cells to undergo cell state switching makes these populations difficult to be fully targeted and eradicated through conventional methods. We have leveraged a quality-by-design (QbD) approach that integrates biological responses with predictive mathematical modeling to identify key combinations of commercially available drugs to induce estrogen receptor expression for therapeutic targeting. This technology utilizes a high level of automation through a custom-built platform to reduce bias as well as design-of-experiments methodology to minimize the experimental iterations required. Utilizing this approach, we identified a combination of clinical compounds, each at concentrations well below their efficacious dose, able to induce the expression of estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1) in hormone-positive breast cancer cells. Induction of ESR1 in luminal cells leads to chemosensitization. These findings provide proof of concept for the utility of the QbD strategy and identify a unique drug cocktail able to sensitize breast cancer cells to tamoxifen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily L. Esakov
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH
| | - James Hale
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH
| | - Elliott G. Richards
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH
| | - Luke Torre-Healy
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH
| | | | | | - Anastasia Chumakova
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH
| | - Oliver Wessely
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH
| | | | - Justin Lathia
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH
- Co-Corresponding Authors: Ofer Reizes, Lerner Research Institute Cleveland Clinic, NC10, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, , Justin Lathia, Lerner Research Institute Cleveland Clinic, NC10, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44195,
| | - Ofer Reizes
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH
- Co-Corresponding Authors: Ofer Reizes, Lerner Research Institute Cleveland Clinic, NC10, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, , Justin Lathia, Lerner Research Institute Cleveland Clinic, NC10, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44195,
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Varga D, Majoros H, Ujfaludi Z, Erdélyi M, Pankotai T. Quantification of DNA damage induced repair focus formation via super-resolution dSTORM localization microscopy. Nanoscale 2019; 11:14226-14236. [PMID: 31317161 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr03696b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In eukaryotic cells, each process, in which DNA is involved, should take place in the context of a chromatin structure. DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are one of the most deleterious lesions often leading to chromosomal rearrangement. In response to environmental stresses, cells have developed repair mechanisms to eliminate the DSBs. Upon DSB induction, several factors play roles in chromatin relaxation by catalysing the appropriate histone posttranslational modification (PTM) steps, therefore promoting the access of the repair factors to the DSBs. Among these PTMs, the phosphorylation of the histone variant H2AX at its Ser139 residue (also known as γH2AX) could be observed at the break sites. The structure of a DNA double-strand break induced repair focus has to be organized during the repair as it contributes to the accessibility of specific repair proteins to the damaged site. Our aim was to develop a quantitative approach to analyse the morphology of single repair foci by super-resolution dSTORM microscopy to gain insight into chromatin organization in DNA repair. We have established a specific dSTORM measurement process by developing a new analytical algorithm for gaining quantitative information about chromatin morphology and repair foci topology at an individual γH2AX enriched repair focus. Using this method we quantified single repair foci to show the distribution of γH2AX. The image of individual γH2AX referred to as the Single target Molecule response scatter Plot (SMPlot) was obtained by using high lateral resolution dSTORM images. Determination of the average localization numbers in an SMPlot was one of the key steps of quantitative dSTORM. A repair focus is made up of nanofoci. Such a substructure of repair foci can only be resolved and detected with super-resolution microscopy. Determination of the number of γH2AXs in the nanofoci was another key step of quantitative dSTORM. Additionally, based on our new analysis method, we were able to show the number of nucleosomes in each nanofocus that could allow us to define the possible chromatin structure and the nucleosome density around the break sites. This method is one of the first demonstrations of a single-cell based quantitative measurement of a discrete repair focus, which could provide new opportunities to categorize the spatial organization of nanofoci by parametric determination of topological similarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dániel Varga
- University of Szeged, Department of Optics and Quantum Electronics, Hungary.
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Hari P, Millar FR, Tarrats N, Birch J, Quintanilla A, Rink CJ, Fernández-Duran I, Muir M, Finch AJ, Brunton VG, Passos JF, Morton JP, Boulter L, Acosta JC. The innate immune sensor Toll-like receptor 2 controls the senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Sci Adv 2019; 5:eaaw0254. [PMID: 31183403 PMCID: PMC6551188 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaw0254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a stress response program characterized by a robust cell cycle arrest and the induction of a proinflammatory senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) that is triggered through an unknown mechanism. Here, we show that, during oncogene-induced senescence (OIS), the Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and its partner TLR10 are key mediators of senescence in vitro and in murine models. TLR2 promotes cell cycle arrest by regulating the tumor suppressors p53-p21CIP1, p16INK4a, and p15INK4b and regulates the SASP through the induction of the acute-phase serum amyloids A1 and A2 (A-SAAs) that, in turn, function as the damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) signaling through TLR2 in OIS. Last, we found evidence that the cGAS-STING cytosolic DNA sensing pathway primes TLR2 and A-SAAs expression in OIS. In summary, we report that innate immune sensing of senescence-associated DAMPs by TLR2 controls the SASP and reinforces the cell cycle arrest program in OIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Hari
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Fraser R. Millar
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Nuria Tarrats
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Jodie Birch
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK
| | - Andrea Quintanilla
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Curtis J. Rink
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Irene Fernández-Duran
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Morwenna Muir
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Andrew J. Finch
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Valerie G. Brunton
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - João F. Passos
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK
- Department of Physiology and Biochemical Engineering Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jennifer P. Morton
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Luke Boulter
- MRC-Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Juan Carlos Acosta
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
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Cao H, Wang L, Cao M, Ye T, Sun Y. Computational insights on agonist and antagonist mechanisms of estrogen receptor α induced by bisphenol A analogues. Environ Pollut 2019; 248:536-545. [PMID: 30831350 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.02.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Structural analogues of bisphenol A (BPA) have become widely used as alternatives in BPA-free products. Most toxicological investigations have focused on the estrogenic activities of these analogues, which have been considered as potential environmental estrogens. However, recent studies revealed that certain BPA analogues could dramatically inhibit the proliferation of breast cancer cells, and exhibited strong anti-estrogenic effects compared with the antagonist 4-hydroxytamoxifen (OHT). Thus, we adopted computational models combining molecular dynamics simulations and binding free energy calculations to explore the underlying molecular basis of BPA analogues binding to estrogen receptor α (ERα). We also evaluated ligand-induced structural rearrangements of ERα at the atomic level. Conformational analyses showed that induced-fit H-bonding recognition by Thr347 was an important factor distinguishing antagonist from agonist BPA analogues. Moreover, antagonists of BPA analogues could indirectly induce the structural reposition of key helix 12 and produce an antagonistic conformation of ERα. Compared with OHT, the binding affinity of BPA analogues is stronger for antagonists than agonists. Taken together, we therefore propose computational indicators for screening of anti-estrogenic activities of BPA analogues, which may be beneficial for predicting the estrogenic or anti-estrogenic effects of BPA alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiming Cao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China; Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China; Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Mengxi Cao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China; Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Tong Ye
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China; Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Yuzhen Sun
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China; Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China.
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Sundralingam U, Khan TM, Elendran S, Muniyandy S, Palanisamy UD. Review: Patient-controlled transdermal 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-OHT) vs. oral tamoxifen: A systematic review and meta analysis. Pak J Pharm Sci 2019; 32:1121-1128. [PMID: 31278729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
There has been a number of studies looking into an alternative mode of therapy for the treament of breast cancer via 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-OHT) transdermal administration.This systematic review aims to compare the safety and efficacy of a transdermal 4-OHT local therapy and oral tamoxifen (oral-T) on the treatment of ductal carcinoma in situ breast cancer. Through a systematic search of health science databases, eligible trials were located and the end points assessed were Ki-67 labeling index, concentration of 4-OHT in breast adipose tissue (ng/g) and plasma (ng/ml). Revman 5.3 version was used to perfom the meta-analysis. Three trials were identified (n=103), while only two were included for meta analysis. The mean difference between the two studies included were 0.40 and -10.58. Overall the I2 value was 89.0%, (Tau2 =53.86) and the differences between the two trials were statistically significant p=0.002. The meta analysis of the randomized controlled trials showed that the use of local transdermal therapy of 4-OHT gel is more safer than oral-T. However, due to the limited number of studies, the potential use of 4-OHT topical transdermal therapy for the treatment of breast cancer could not be concluded for healthcare professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usha Sundralingam
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan. Malaysia
| | - Tahir Mehmood Khan
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan. Malaysia
| | - Sumita Elendran
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan. Malaysia
| | - Saravanan Muniyandy
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan. Malaysia
| | - Uma D Palanisamy
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan. Malaysia
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Yu X, Fuller AM, Blackmon R, Troester MA, Oldenburg AL. Quantification of the Effect of Toxicants on the Intracellular Kinetic Energy and Cross-Sectional Area of Mammary Epithelial Organoids by OCT Fluctuation Spectroscopy. Toxicol Sci 2019; 162:234-240. [PMID: 29140506 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to assess toxicant exposures of 3D in vitro mammary models that recapitulate the tissue microenvironment can aid in our understanding of environmental exposure risk over time. Longitudinal studies of 3D model systems, however, are cumbersome and suffer from a lack of high-throughput toxicological assays. In this study, we establish a noninvasive and label-free optical coherence tomography (OCT)-based imaging platform for tracking exposure-response relationships in 3D human mammary epithelial organoid models. The OCT-based assay includes metrics that quantify organoid intracellular kinetic energy and cross-sectional area (CSA). We compare the results to those obtained using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) mitochondrial dye conversion assay. Both estrogen receptor (ER)-positive (MCF7) and ER-negative (MCF10DCIS.com) breast cell lines were studied, beginning one hour after exposure and continuing for several days. Six days of exposure to 17β-estradiol or the selective ER modulator 4-hydroxytamoxifen respectively increased or decreased MCF7 organoid CSA (p < .01), consistent with the role of estrogen signaling in ER-positive mammary epithelial cell proliferation. We also observed a significant decrease in the intracellular kinetic energy of MCF10DCIS.com organoids after 24 h of exposure to doxorubicin, a cytotoxic intercalating agent that causes DNA double-strand breaks (p < .01). MTT-based metabolic activity of MCF10DCIS.com organoids after 48 h of doxorubicin exposure decreased with dose in a similar manner as OCT-based energy metrics. These results demonstrate the feasibility of an OCT-based assay to quantify mammary epithelial cell toxicant response in vitro, noninvasively, longitudinally, and in the context of tissue microenvironments, providing a new high-throughput screening tool for toxicological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yu
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center
| | | | | | - Melissa A Troester
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Public Health
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Amy L Oldenburg
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
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Schiavi MC, D'Oria O, Aleksa N, Vena F, Prata G, Di Tucci C, Savone D, Sciuga V, Giannini A, Meggiorini ML, Monti M, Zullo MA, Muzii L, Benedetti Panici P. Usefulness of Ospemifene in the treatment of urgency in menopausal patients affected by mixed urinary incontinence underwent mid-urethral slings surgery. Gynecol Endocrinol 2019; 35:155-159. [PMID: 30324854 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2018.1500534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness and safety of Ospemifene in the improvement of urgency component in women affected by mixed urinary incontinence (MUI) who underwent surgery with mid-urethral sling (MUS). Eighty-one patients with MUI underwent surgical intervention with MUS were enrolled. After surgical intervention 38 patients received Ospemifene 60 mg one tablet daily per os for 12 weeks. Physical examination, 3-day voiding diary, urodynamic testing were performed at the start and the follow-up after 12 weeks in the Trans-Obturator-Tape (TOT)-Alone group and TOT-Ospemifene. Patients completed the Overactive Bladder Symptom and Health-Related Quality of Life Short-Form (OAB-Q SF), International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire (ICIQ-UI-SF), and King' s Health Questionnaire (KHQ). A significant difference between the two groups was observed in peak flow (ml/s), in first voiding desire (ml), in maximum cystometric capacity (ml), and in detrusor pressure at peak flow (cmH2O) at urodynamic evaluation. A significative difference between the two groups at voiding diary was observed in the mean number of voids, urgent micturition episodes/24 h, urge urinary incontinence, and in nocturia events. The OAB-Q symptoms and OAB-Q (HRQL) scores after 12 weeks showed a significative difference between the two groups. Ospemifene is an effective potential therapy after MUSs in women with MUI improving urgency symptoms and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Carlo Schiavi
- a Department of Gynecological and Obstetric Sciences, and Urological Sciences , University of Rome "Sapienza", Umberto I Hospital , Rome , Italy
| | - Ottavia D'Oria
- a Department of Gynecological and Obstetric Sciences, and Urological Sciences , University of Rome "Sapienza", Umberto I Hospital , Rome , Italy
| | - Natalia Aleksa
- a Department of Gynecological and Obstetric Sciences, and Urological Sciences , University of Rome "Sapienza", Umberto I Hospital , Rome , Italy
| | - Flaminia Vena
- a Department of Gynecological and Obstetric Sciences, and Urological Sciences , University of Rome "Sapienza", Umberto I Hospital , Rome , Italy
| | - Giovanni Prata
- a Department of Gynecological and Obstetric Sciences, and Urological Sciences , University of Rome "Sapienza", Umberto I Hospital , Rome , Italy
| | - Chiara Di Tucci
- a Department of Gynecological and Obstetric Sciences, and Urological Sciences , University of Rome "Sapienza", Umberto I Hospital , Rome , Italy
| | - Delia Savone
- a Department of Gynecological and Obstetric Sciences, and Urological Sciences , University of Rome "Sapienza", Umberto I Hospital , Rome , Italy
| | - Valentina Sciuga
- a Department of Gynecological and Obstetric Sciences, and Urological Sciences , University of Rome "Sapienza", Umberto I Hospital , Rome , Italy
| | - Andrea Giannini
- a Department of Gynecological and Obstetric Sciences, and Urological Sciences , University of Rome "Sapienza", Umberto I Hospital , Rome , Italy
| | - Maria Letizia Meggiorini
- a Department of Gynecological and Obstetric Sciences, and Urological Sciences , University of Rome "Sapienza", Umberto I Hospital , Rome , Italy
| | - Marco Monti
- a Department of Gynecological and Obstetric Sciences, and Urological Sciences , University of Rome "Sapienza", Umberto I Hospital , Rome , Italy
| | - Marzio Angelo Zullo
- b Department of Surgery-Week Surgery , Campus Biomedico, University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - Ludovico Muzii
- a Department of Gynecological and Obstetric Sciences, and Urological Sciences , University of Rome "Sapienza", Umberto I Hospital , Rome , Italy
| | - Pierluigi Benedetti Panici
- a Department of Gynecological and Obstetric Sciences, and Urological Sciences , University of Rome "Sapienza", Umberto I Hospital , Rome , Italy
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Heublein S, Page S, Mayr D, Schmoeckel E, Trillsch F, Marmé F, Mahner S, Jeschke U, Vattai A. Potential Interplay of the Gatipotuzumab Epitope TA-MUC1 and Estrogen Receptors in Ovarian Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20020295. [PMID: 30642093 PMCID: PMC6359481 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-tumor efficacy of Gatipotuzumab, a therapeutic antibody targeting Tumor-Associated Mucin-1 (TA-MUC1), in relapsed ovarian cancer (OC) appeared to be rather heterogeneous. Whether adding a second anti-neoplastic drug may augment response towards Gatipotuzumab, has not been elucidated so far. Since it is known that anti-MUC1 antibodies may alter estrogen receptor activity in breast cancer, this potential interplay was investigated in OC. The correlation between TA-MUC1, estrogen receptors (ERs) and another 12 protein markers as well as their correlation with clinico-pathological parameters in 138 ovarian cancer cases was studied. Finally, Gatipotuzumab and 4-Hydroxy-TTamoxifen (4-OHT) as well as the combination of both was tested for its impact on cell viability in COV318, OV-90, OVCAR-3, and SKOV-3 cells. A strong positive correlation between TA-MUC1 and ERs was detected in OC tissue. Those cases missing ERs but staining positive for TA-MUC1 had significantly reduced overall survival. The combination of 4-OHT and Gatipotuzumab significantly reduced cell viability and was more effective than treatment with Gatipotuzumab alone. Co-stimulation with Gatipotuzumab enhanced the efficacy of 4-OHT in OVCAR-3 and SKOV-3. The data suggest an interplay of TA-MUC1 and ERs in OC. Whether the combination of Gatipotuzumab and TTamoxifen may enhance efficacy of either of the two drugs in vivo, or may even translate into a clinically relevant benefit over the respective monotherapies, remains to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Heublein
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, University Hospital, 81377 Munich, Germany.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Sabina Page
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, University Hospital, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Doris Mayr
- Department of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Elisa Schmoeckel
- Department of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Fabian Trillsch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, University Hospital, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Frederik Marmé
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Sven Mahner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, University Hospital, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Udo Jeschke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, University Hospital, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Aurelia Vattai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, University Hospital, 81377 Munich, Germany.
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Gao P, Wang X, Jin Y, Hu W, Duan Y, Shi A, Du Y, Song D, Yang M, Li S, Han B, Zhao G, Zhang H, Fan Z, Miao QR. Nogo-B receptor increases the resistance to tamoxifen in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cells. Breast Cancer Res 2018; 20:112. [PMID: 30208932 PMCID: PMC6134690 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-018-1028-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Tamoxifen is typically used to treat patients with estrogen receptor alpha (ERα)-positive breast cancer. However, 30% of these patients gain acquired resistance to tamoxifen during or after tamoxifen treatment. As a Ras modulator, Nogo-B receptor (NgBR) is required for tumorigenesis through the signaling crosstalk with epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR)-mediated pathways. NgBR is highly expressed in many types of cancer cells and regulates the sensitivity of hepatocellular carcinoma to chemotherapy. In this study, we found the expression of NgBR is increased in tamoxifen-resistant ERα-positive breast cancer cells. METHODS Tamoxifen-resistant ERα-positive MCF-7 and T47D breast cancer cell lines were established by culturing with gradually increased concentration of 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-OHT). The effects of NgBR on tamoxifen resistance was determined by depleting NgBR in these cell lines using previously validated small interfering RNA (siRNA). The effects of 4-OHT on cell viability and apoptosis were determined using well-accepted methods such as clonogenic survival assay and Annexin V/propidium iodide staining. The alteration of EGF-stimulated signaling and gene expression was determined by western blot analysis and real-time PCR, respectively. RESULTS NgBR knockdown with siRNA attenuates EGF-induced phosphorylation of ERα and restores the sensitivity to tamoxifen in ERα-positive breast cancer cells. Mechanistically, our data demonstrated that NgBR knockdown increases the protein levels of p53 and decreases survivin, which is an apoptosis inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS These results suggested that NgBR is a potential therapeutic target for increasing the sensitivity of ERα-positive breast cancer to tamoxifen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin Gao
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 71 Xinmin street, Changchun, 130021 Jilin Province China
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children’s Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 W Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA
- Division of Pediatric Pathology, Department of Pathology, Children’s Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 W Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA
| | - Xiang Wang
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children’s Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 W Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA
- Division of Pediatric Pathology, Department of Pathology, Children’s Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 W Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education) and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Ying Jin
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 71 Xinmin street, Changchun, 130021 Jilin Province China
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children’s Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 W Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA
- Division of Pediatric Pathology, Department of Pathology, Children’s Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 W Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA
| | - Wenquan Hu
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children’s Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 W Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA
- Division of Pediatric Pathology, Department of Pathology, Children’s Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 W Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA
| | - Yajun Duan
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children’s Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 W Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA
- Division of Pediatric Pathology, Department of Pathology, Children’s Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 W Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education) and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Aiping Shi
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 71 Xinmin street, Changchun, 130021 Jilin Province China
| | - Ye Du
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 71 Xinmin street, Changchun, 130021 Jilin Province China
| | - Dong Song
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 71 Xinmin street, Changchun, 130021 Jilin Province China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 71 Xinmin street, Changchun, 130021 Jilin Province China
| | - Sijie Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 71 Xinmin street, Changchun, 130021 Jilin Province China
| | - Bing Han
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 71 Xinmin street, Changchun, 130021 Jilin Province China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 71 Xinmin street, Changchun, 130021 Jilin Province China
| | - Hongquan Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education) and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191 China
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071 China
| | - Zhimin Fan
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 71 Xinmin street, Changchun, 130021 Jilin Province China
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071 China
| | - Qing Robert Miao
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children’s Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 W Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA
- Division of Pediatric Pathology, Department of Pathology, Children’s Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 W Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071 China
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Imvexxy--another estradiol vaginal insert for dyspareunia. Med Lett Drugs Ther 2018; 60:147-8. [PMID: 30383731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
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46
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Abstract
Urogenital atrophy is more common than it would first appear and women do not always seek advice and guidance. Confusion still exists between systemic hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and local estrogen preparations but new treatment modalities have emerged that extend the range of options beyond lubricants, moisturisers and vaginal estrogen preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Pitkin
- Imperial College, Trustee BMS, Daisy Network, UK (previously Consultant Gynaecologist and Director of the Northwick Park Menopause Research and Clinical Unit, UK)
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47
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Gismondi E. Identification of molt-inhibiting hormone and ecdysteroid receptor cDNA sequences in Gammarus pulex, and variations after endocrine disruptor exposures. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2018; 158:9-17. [PMID: 29656166 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In amphipods, growth, development and reproduction are mediated by the molt, which is a hormonally controlled process and which, therefore, could be impacted by endocrine disruption compounds (EDC). The molt process is controlled by both X-organ (XO) and Y-organ (YO) through a variety of hormones and receptors including the molt-inhibiting hormone (MIH) and the ecdysteroid receptor (EcR). However, although many studies were devoted to characterize MIH and EcR in crustaceans, only few works evaluated their variations under EDCs exposures. Consequently, the present work aimed to characterize MIH and EcR genes of the amphipod Gammarus pulex, as well as to study their relative expression variations after exposure to four EDCs, proved in vertebrates: ethinylestradiol (estrogen), 4-hydroxytamoxifen (anti-estrogen), 17α-methyltestosterone (androgen) and cyproterone acetate (anti-androgen). PCR amplification allowed to obtain 204 bp length and 255 bp length fragments, encoding for partial sequences of 68 amino acids and 85 amino acids, which correspond to EcR and MIH, respectively, and which are highly conserved in crustacean species. Results highlighted MIH and EcR expressions mainly in G. pulex head, which is the localization of XO and YO. Moreover, irrespective of the EDC exposure, increases of MIH and EcR relative expressions were observed, as it was observed after the exposure to 20-hydroxyecdysone (20HE), the natural molt hormone, used as positive control. Therefore, it appeared that tested EDCs behaved like 20HE, suggesting that their effects could occur through the ecdysteroids pathways, and so impact the molt process of G. pulex on the long term. Finally, the present study is a first step in the possibility of using MIH and EcR relative expressions as biomarkers of exposure for EDCs risk assessment. However additional studies must first be carried out to better characterize and understand their variations, and also better predicted consequences for the exposed amphipods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Gismondi
- University of Liège, Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Ecotoxicology (LEAE) - Freshwater and Oceanic Sciences Unit of Research (FOCUS), Chemistry Institute, Bât. B6C, 11 allée du 6 Août, B-4000 Sart-Tilman, Belgium.
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48
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Schiavi MC, Sciuga V, Giannini A, Vena F, D'oria O, Prata G, Di Tucci C, Savone D, Aleksa N, Capone C, Di Mascio D, Meggiorini ML, Monti M, Zullo MA, Muzii L, Benedetti Panici P. Overactive bladder syndrome treatment with ospemifene in menopausal patients with vulvovaginal atrophy: improvement of sexuality? Gynecol Endocrinol 2018; 34:666-669. [PMID: 29463148 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2018.1441398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of ospemifene in the improvement of sexual function in postmenopausal women with vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA) affected by overactive bladder syndrome (OAB) or urge urinary incontinence (UUI). One hundred five postmenopausal patients with VVA affected by OAB and/or UUI were enrolled for the study. All patients received ospemifene 60 mg for 12 weeks. Clinical examination, 3-d voiding diary and the vaginal health index (VHI) were performed at baseline and at 12 weeks. Patients completed the OAB-Q SF, FSFI, FSDS, and SF-36 questionnaires. The patient's satisfaction was also calculated. After 12 weeks, the reduction of urinary symptoms was observed. The OAB-Q symptoms, OAB-Q (HRQL) score were (55.34 ± 13.54 vs. 23.22 ± 9.76; p < .0001) and (22.45 ± 9.78 vs. 70.56 ± 15.49; p < .0001), before and after treatment. SF-36 questionnaire showed a significant improvement (p < .0001). VHI score increased and the women who regularly practice sexual activity increased after treatment. The total FSFI score increased significantly and the FSDS score changed after 12 weeks (p < .0001). The PGI-I after 12 weeks showed a total success rate of 90.5%. Ospemifene is an effective potential therapy for postmenopausal women with VVA affected by OAB or UUI improving sexual function and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Carlo Schiavi
- a Department of Gynecological and Obstetric Sciences, and Urological Sciences , Umberto I Hospital, University of Rome "Sapienza" , Rome , Italy
| | - Valentina Sciuga
- a Department of Gynecological and Obstetric Sciences, and Urological Sciences , Umberto I Hospital, University of Rome "Sapienza" , Rome , Italy
| | - Andrea Giannini
- a Department of Gynecological and Obstetric Sciences, and Urological Sciences , Umberto I Hospital, University of Rome "Sapienza" , Rome , Italy
| | - Flaminia Vena
- a Department of Gynecological and Obstetric Sciences, and Urological Sciences , Umberto I Hospital, University of Rome "Sapienza" , Rome , Italy
| | - Ottavia D'oria
- a Department of Gynecological and Obstetric Sciences, and Urological Sciences , Umberto I Hospital, University of Rome "Sapienza" , Rome , Italy
| | - Giovanni Prata
- a Department of Gynecological and Obstetric Sciences, and Urological Sciences , Umberto I Hospital, University of Rome "Sapienza" , Rome , Italy
| | - Chiara Di Tucci
- a Department of Gynecological and Obstetric Sciences, and Urological Sciences , Umberto I Hospital, University of Rome "Sapienza" , Rome , Italy
| | - Delia Savone
- a Department of Gynecological and Obstetric Sciences, and Urological Sciences , Umberto I Hospital, University of Rome "Sapienza" , Rome , Italy
| | - Natalia Aleksa
- a Department of Gynecological and Obstetric Sciences, and Urological Sciences , Umberto I Hospital, University of Rome "Sapienza" , Rome , Italy
| | - Carmela Capone
- a Department of Gynecological and Obstetric Sciences, and Urological Sciences , Umberto I Hospital, University of Rome "Sapienza" , Rome , Italy
| | - Daniele Di Mascio
- a Department of Gynecological and Obstetric Sciences, and Urological Sciences , Umberto I Hospital, University of Rome "Sapienza" , Rome , Italy
| | - Maria Letizia Meggiorini
- a Department of Gynecological and Obstetric Sciences, and Urological Sciences , Umberto I Hospital, University of Rome "Sapienza" , Rome , Italy
| | - Marco Monti
- a Department of Gynecological and Obstetric Sciences, and Urological Sciences , Umberto I Hospital, University of Rome "Sapienza" , Rome , Italy
| | - Marzio Angelo Zullo
- b Department of Surgery-Week Surgery, Campus Biomedico , University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - Ludovico Muzii
- a Department of Gynecological and Obstetric Sciences, and Urological Sciences , Umberto I Hospital, University of Rome "Sapienza" , Rome , Italy
| | - Pierluigi Benedetti Panici
- a Department of Gynecological and Obstetric Sciences, and Urological Sciences , Umberto I Hospital, University of Rome "Sapienza" , Rome , Italy
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Maximov PY, Abderrahman B, Fanning SW, Sengupta S, Fan P, Curpan RF, Rincon DMQ, Greenland JA, Rajan SS, Greene GL, Jordan VC. Endoxifen, 4-Hydroxytamoxifen and an Estrogenic Derivative Modulate Estrogen Receptor Complex Mediated Apoptosis in Breast Cancer. Mol Pharmacol 2018; 94:812-822. [PMID: 29739819 PMCID: PMC6022805 DOI: 10.1124/mol.117.111385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen therapy was used to treat advanced breast cancer in postmenopausal women for decades until the introduction of tamoxifen. Resistance to long-term estrogen deprivation (LTED) with tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors used as a treatment of breast cancer inevitably occurs, but unexpectedly low-dose estrogen can cause regression of breast cancer and increase disease-free survival in some patients. This therapeutic effect is attributed to estrogen-induced apoptosis in LTED breast cancer. Here, we describe modulation of the estrogen receptor (ER) liganded with antiestrogens (endoxifen and 4-hydroxytamoxifen) and an estrogenic triphenylethylene (TPE), ethoxytriphenylethylene (EtOXTPE), on estrogen-induced apoptosis in LTED breast cancer cells. Our results show that the angular TPE estrogen (EtOXTPE) is able to induce the ER-mediated apoptosis only at a later time compared with planar estradiol in these cells. Using real-time polymerase chain reaction, chromatin immunoprecipitation, western blotting, molecular modeling, and X-ray crystallography techniques, we report novel conformations of the ER complex with an angular estrogen EtOXTPE and endoxifen. We propose that alteration of the conformation of the ER complexes, with changes in coactivator binding, governs estrogen-induced apoptosis through the protein kinase regulated by RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase sensor system to trigger an unfolded protein response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Y Maximov
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (P.Y.M., B.A., P.F., D.M.Q.R., J.A.G., V.C.J.); The Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (S.W.F., S.S.R., G.L.G.); Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC (S.S.); and Institute of Chemistry, Romanian Academy, Timisoara, Romania (R.F.C.)
| | - Balkees Abderrahman
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (P.Y.M., B.A., P.F., D.M.Q.R., J.A.G., V.C.J.); The Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (S.W.F., S.S.R., G.L.G.); Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC (S.S.); and Institute of Chemistry, Romanian Academy, Timisoara, Romania (R.F.C.)
| | - Sean W Fanning
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (P.Y.M., B.A., P.F., D.M.Q.R., J.A.G., V.C.J.); The Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (S.W.F., S.S.R., G.L.G.); Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC (S.S.); and Institute of Chemistry, Romanian Academy, Timisoara, Romania (R.F.C.)
| | - Surojeet Sengupta
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (P.Y.M., B.A., P.F., D.M.Q.R., J.A.G., V.C.J.); The Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (S.W.F., S.S.R., G.L.G.); Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC (S.S.); and Institute of Chemistry, Romanian Academy, Timisoara, Romania (R.F.C.)
| | - Ping Fan
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (P.Y.M., B.A., P.F., D.M.Q.R., J.A.G., V.C.J.); The Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (S.W.F., S.S.R., G.L.G.); Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC (S.S.); and Institute of Chemistry, Romanian Academy, Timisoara, Romania (R.F.C.)
| | - Ramona F Curpan
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (P.Y.M., B.A., P.F., D.M.Q.R., J.A.G., V.C.J.); The Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (S.W.F., S.S.R., G.L.G.); Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC (S.S.); and Institute of Chemistry, Romanian Academy, Timisoara, Romania (R.F.C.)
| | - Daniela Maria Quintana Rincon
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (P.Y.M., B.A., P.F., D.M.Q.R., J.A.G., V.C.J.); The Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (S.W.F., S.S.R., G.L.G.); Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC (S.S.); and Institute of Chemistry, Romanian Academy, Timisoara, Romania (R.F.C.)
| | - Jeffery A Greenland
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (P.Y.M., B.A., P.F., D.M.Q.R., J.A.G., V.C.J.); The Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (S.W.F., S.S.R., G.L.G.); Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC (S.S.); and Institute of Chemistry, Romanian Academy, Timisoara, Romania (R.F.C.)
| | - Shyamala S Rajan
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (P.Y.M., B.A., P.F., D.M.Q.R., J.A.G., V.C.J.); The Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (S.W.F., S.S.R., G.L.G.); Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC (S.S.); and Institute of Chemistry, Romanian Academy, Timisoara, Romania (R.F.C.)
| | - Geoffrey L Greene
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (P.Y.M., B.A., P.F., D.M.Q.R., J.A.G., V.C.J.); The Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (S.W.F., S.S.R., G.L.G.); Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC (S.S.); and Institute of Chemistry, Romanian Academy, Timisoara, Romania (R.F.C.)
| | - V Craig Jordan
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (P.Y.M., B.A., P.F., D.M.Q.R., J.A.G., V.C.J.); The Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (S.W.F., S.S.R., G.L.G.); Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC (S.S.); and Institute of Chemistry, Romanian Academy, Timisoara, Romania (R.F.C.)
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50
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Abstract
The study aimed to assess the effects of ospemifene on vulvar vestibule in postmenopausal women with vulvar pain and dyspareunia. Fifty-five postmenopausal women used oral ospemifene 60 mg/d for 60 d. Symptoms of dryness, burning, and dyspareunia were evaluated on a 10 cm visual analog scale. Visual examination of the vulvar vestibule was also conducted. Patients also underwent current perception threshold (CPT) testing obtained from the vulvar vestibule. Fifty-five patients (94.6%) completed the treatment. Hot flashes were the most frequent adverse effects, but this led to a discontinuation of therapy in three patients (5.4%). After therapy, there was a statistically significant decrease from the baseline in the mean scores for dryness, burning, and dyspareunia and reduction of vestibular trophic score (baseline value of 11.2-4.2 after the therapy, p ≤ 002) and cotton swab test scores (2.81 compared with 1.25, p = .001). There was a difference in CPT values for all nerve fibers and more consistent for C fibers (-38% of sensitivity). These results confirm the efficacy of ospemifene on postmenopausal vestibular symptoms and signs; moreover, the drug was effective in normalizing vestibular innervation sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Murina
- a Lower Genital Tract Disease Unit , V. Buzzi Hospital, University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Stefania Di Francesco
- a Lower Genital Tract Disease Unit , V. Buzzi Hospital, University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Silvia Oneda
- a Lower Genital Tract Disease Unit , V. Buzzi Hospital, University of Milan , Milan , Italy
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