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Vega-Rivera NM, Estrada-Camarena E, Azpilcueta-Morales G, Cervantes-Anaya N, Treviño S, Becerril-Villanueva E, López-Rubalcava C. Chronic Variable Stress and Cafeteria Diet Combination Exacerbate Microglia and c-fos Activation but Not Experimental Anxiety or Depression in a Menopause Model. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1455. [PMID: 38338735 PMCID: PMC10855226 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The menopause transition is a vulnerable period for developing both psychiatric and metabolic disorders, and both can be enhanced by stressful events worsening their effects. The present study aimed to evaluate whether a cafeteria diet (CAF) combined with chronic variable stress (CVS) exacerbates anxious- or depressive-like behavior and neuronal activation, cell proliferation and survival, and microglia activation in middle-aged ovariectomized (OVX) rats. In addition, body weight, lipid profile, insulin resistance, and corticosterone as an index of metabolic changes or hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activation, and the serum pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-β, and TNFα were measured. A CAF diet increased body weight, lipid profile, and insulin resistance. CVS increased corticosterone and reduced HDL. A CAF produced anxiety-like behaviors, whereas CVS induced depressive-like behaviors. CVS increased serum TNFα independently of diet. A CAF and CVS separately enhanced the percentage of Iba-positive cells in the hippocampus; the combination of factors further increased Iba-positive cells in the ventral hippocampus. A CAF and CVS increased the c-fos-positive cells in the hippocampus; the combination of factors increased the number of positive cells expressing c-fos in the ventral hippocampus even more. The combination of a CAF and CVS generates a slight neuroinflammation process and neuronal activation in a hippocampal region-specific manner and differentially affects the behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelly Maritza Vega-Rivera
- Laboratorio de Neuropsicofarmacología, Dirección de Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría “Ramón de la Fuente”, Mexico City 14370, Mexico; (N.M.V.-R.); (G.A.-M.); (N.C.-A.)
| | - Erika Estrada-Camarena
- Laboratorio de Neuropsicofarmacología, Dirección de Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría “Ramón de la Fuente”, Mexico City 14370, Mexico; (N.M.V.-R.); (G.A.-M.); (N.C.-A.)
| | - Gabriel Azpilcueta-Morales
- Laboratorio de Neuropsicofarmacología, Dirección de Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría “Ramón de la Fuente”, Mexico City 14370, Mexico; (N.M.V.-R.); (G.A.-M.); (N.C.-A.)
| | - Nancy Cervantes-Anaya
- Laboratorio de Neuropsicofarmacología, Dirección de Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría “Ramón de la Fuente”, Mexico City 14370, Mexico; (N.M.V.-R.); (G.A.-M.); (N.C.-A.)
| | - Samuel Treviño
- Facultad de Química, Benemérita Universidad de Puebla, Puebla 72570, Mexico;
| | - Enrique Becerril-Villanueva
- Laboratorio de Psicoinmunología, Dirección de Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría “Ramón de la Fuente”, Mexico City 14370, Mexico;
| | - Carolina López-Rubalcava
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Mexico City 14330, Mexico;
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Marsh ML, Oliveira MN, Vieira-Potter VJ. Adipocyte Metabolism and Health after the Menopause: The Role of Exercise. Nutrients 2023; 15:444. [PMID: 36678314 PMCID: PMC9862030 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Postmenopausal women represent an important target population in need of preventative cardiometabolic approaches. The loss of estrogen following the menopause eliminates protections against metabolic dysfunction, largely due to its role in the health and function of adipose tissue. In addition, some studies associate the menopause with reduced physical activity, which could potentially exacerbate the deleterious cardiometabolic risk profile accompanying the menopause. Meanwhile, exercise has adipocyte-specific effects that may alleviate the adverse impact of estrogen loss through the menopausal transition period and beyond. Exercise thus remains the best therapeutic agent available to mitigate menopause-associated metabolic dysfunction and represents a vital behavioral strategy to prevent and alleviate health decline in this population.
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Jett S, Dyke JP, Andy C, Schelbaum E, Jang G, Boneu Yepez C, Pahlajani S, Diaz I, Diaz Brinton R, Mosconi L. Sex and menopause impact 31P-Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy brain mitochondrial function in association with 11C-PiB PET amyloid-beta load. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22087. [PMID: 36543814 PMCID: PMC9772209 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26573-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence implicates sex and endocrine aging effects on brain bioenergetic aging in the greater lifetime risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in women. We conducted 31Phosphorus Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (31P-MRS) to assess the impact of sex and menopause on brain high-energy phosphates [adenosine triphosphate (ATP), phosphocreatine (PCr), inorganic phosphate (Pi)] and membrane phospholipids [phosphomonoesters/phosphodiesters (PME/PDE)] in 216 midlife cognitively normal individuals at risk for AD, 80% female. Ninety-seven participants completed amyloid-beta (Aβ) 11C-PiB PET. Women exhibited higher ATP utilization than men in AD-vulnerable frontal, posterior cingulate, fusiform, medial and lateral temporal regions (p < 0.001). This profile was evident in frontal cortex at the pre-menopausal and peri-menopausal stage and extended to the other regions at the post-menopausal stage (p = 0.001). Results were significant after multi-variable adjustment for age, APOE-4 status, midlife health indicators, history of hysterectomy/oophorectomy, use of menopause hormonal therapy, and total intracranial volume. While associations between ATP/PCr and Aβ load were not significant, individuals with the highest Aβ load were post-menopausal and peri-menopausal women with ATP/PCr ratios in the higher end of the distribution. No differences in Pi/PCr, Pi/ATP or PME/PDE were detected. Outcomes are consistent with dynamic bioenergetic brain adaptations that are associated with female sex and endocrine aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Jett
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Jonathan P Dyke
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Caroline Andy
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eva Schelbaum
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Grace Jang
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Camila Boneu Yepez
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Silky Pahlajani
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ivan Diaz
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Roberta Diaz Brinton
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Lisa Mosconi
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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Marlatt KL, Pitynski-Miller DR, Gavin KM, Moreau KL, Melanson EL, Santoro N, Kohrt WM. Body composition and cardiometabolic health across the menopause transition. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2022; 30:14-27. [PMID: 34932890 PMCID: PMC8972960 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Every year, 2 million women reach menopause in the United States, and they may spend 40% or more of their life in a postmenopausal state. In the years immediately preceding menopause-known as the menopause transition (or perimenopause)-changes in hormones and body composition increase a woman's overall cardiometabolic risk. In this narrative review, we summarize the changes in weight, body composition, and body fat distribution, as well as the changes in energy intake, energy expenditure, and other cardiometabolic risk factors (lipid profile, glucose metabolism, sleep health, and vascular function), that occur during the menopause transition. We also discuss the benefits of lifestyle interventions in women in the earlier stages of menopause before these detrimental changes occur. Finally, we discuss how to include perimenopausal women in research studies so that women across the life-span are adequately represented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara L. Marlatt
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Dori R. Pitynski-Miller
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Eastern Colorado VA Health Care System, Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Kathleen M. Gavin
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Eastern Colorado VA Health Care System, Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Kerrie L. Moreau
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Eastern Colorado VA Health Care System, Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Edward L. Melanson
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Eastern Colorado VA Health Care System, Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Denver, Colorado, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Nanette Santoro
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Wendy M. Kohrt
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Eastern Colorado VA Health Care System, Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Denver, Colorado, USA
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Cipolla-Neto J, Amaral FG, Soares JM, Gallo CC, Furtado A, Cavaco JE, Gonçalves I, Santos CRA, Quintela T. The Crosstalk between Melatonin and Sex Steroid Hormones. Neuroendocrinology 2022; 112:115-129. [PMID: 33774638 DOI: 10.1159/000516148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin, an indolamine mainly released from the pineal gland, is associated with many biological functions, namely, the modulation of circadian and seasonal rhythms, sleep inducer, regulator of energy metabolism, antioxidant, and anticarcinogenic. Although several pieces of evidence also recognize the influence of melatonin in the reproductive physiology, the crosstalk between melatonin and sex hormones is not clear. Here, we review the effects of sex differences in the circulating levels of melatonin and update the current knowledge on the link between sex hormones and melatonin. Furthermore, we explore the effects of melatonin on gonadal steroidogenesis and hormonal control in females. The literature review shows that despite the strong evidence that sex differences impact on the circadian profiles of melatonin, reports are still considerably ambiguous, and these differences may arise from several factors, like the use of contraceptive pills, hormonal status, and sleep deprivation. Furthermore, there has been an inconclusive debate about the characteristics of the reciprocal relationship between melatonin and reproductive hormones. In this regard, there is evidence for the role of melatonin in gonadal steroidogenesis brought about by research that shows that melatonin affects multiple transduction pathways that modulate Sertoli cell physiology and consequently spermatogenesis, and also estrogen and progesterone production. From the outcome of our research, it is possible to conclude that understanding the correlation between melatonin and reproductive hormones is crucial for the correction of several complications occurring during pregnancy, like preeclampsia, and for the control of climacteric symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Cipolla-Neto
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - José Maria Soares
- Laboratório de Ginecologia Estrutural e Molecular (LIM 58), Disciplina de Ginecologia, Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, HCFMUSP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - André Furtado
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - José Eduardo Cavaco
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Isabel Gonçalves
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | | | - Telma Quintela
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
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El Khoudary SR, Nasr A, Billheimer J, Brooks MM, McConnell D, Crawford S, Orchard TJ, Rader DJ, Matthews KA. Associations of Endogenous Hormones With HDL Novel Metrics Across the Menopause Transition: The SWAN HDL Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:e303-e314. [PMID: 34390340 PMCID: PMC8684446 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Novel metrics of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (subclasses, lipid content, and function) may improve characterization of the anti-atherogenic features of HDL. In midlife women, changes in these metrics vary by time relative to the final menstrual period (FMP), supporting a contribution of estradiol (E2) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). OBJECTIVE We tested associations of endogenous E2 and FSH with novel HDL metrics and assessed whether these associations varied by time relative to FMP. METHODS This study was a longitudinal analysis from the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN) HDL study, using a community-based cohort of 463 women, baseline mean age 50.2 (2.7) years. The main outcome measures were HDL cholesterol efflux capacity (HDL-CEC), HDL phospholipids (HDL-PL), HDL triglycerides (HDL-Tg), HDL particles (HDL-P), HDL size, and HDL cholesterol (HDL-C). RESULTS In multivariable analyses, E2 was positively associated with HDL size, large HDL-P, HDL-CEC, and HDL-Tg, but negatively with medium HDL-P (P values < 0.05). The positive association between E2 and HDL-Tg was stronger 2 years post-FMP than before, (interaction P = 0.031). FSH was positively related to total and medium HDL-P, but negatively to HDL size, large HDL-P, and HDL-CEC per particle (P values < 0.05). Associations of higher FSH with greater total HDL-P and smaller HDL size were only evident at/after menopause (interaction P values < 0.05). CONCLUSION Some of the associations linking E2 and FSH with novel HDL metrics were vulnerable to time relative to menopause onset. Whether a late initiation of hormone therapy relative to menopause could have a detrimental effect on lipid content of HDL particles should be tested in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar R El Khoudary
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Correspondence: Samar R. El Khoudary, PhD, MPH, FAHA, Associate Professor of Epidemiology, Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Epidemiology Data Center, 4420 Bayard Street, Suite 600, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA.
| | - Alexis Nasr
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Jeffrey Billheimer
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Maria M Brooks
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Dan McConnell
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sybil Crawford
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Trevor J Orchard
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Daniel J Rader
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Karen A Matthews
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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McCarthy EA, Dischino D, Maguire C, Leon S, Talbi R, Cheung E, Schteingart CD, Rivière PJM, Reed SD, Steiner RA, Navarro VM. Inhibiting Kiss1 Neurons With Kappa Opioid Receptor Agonists to Treat Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Vasomotor Symptoms. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:e328-e347. [PMID: 34387319 PMCID: PMC8684497 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Recent evidence suggests that vasomotor symptoms (VMS) or hot flashes in the postmenopausal reproductive state and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in the premenopausal reproductive state emanate from the hyperactivity of Kiss1 neurons in the hypothalamic infundibular/arcuate nucleus (KNDy neurons). OBJECTIVE We demonstrate in 2 murine models simulating menopause and PCOS that a peripherally restricted kappa receptor agonist (PRKA) inhibits hyperactive KNDy neurons (accessible from outside the blood-brain barrier) and impedes their downstream effects. DESIGN Case/control. SETTING Academic medical center. PARTICIPANTS Mice. INTERVENTIONS Administration of peripherally restricted kappa receptor agonists and frequent blood sampling to determine hormone release and body temperature. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES LH pulse parameters and body temperature. RESULTS First, chronic administration of a PRKA to bilaterally ovariectomized mice with experimentally induced hyperactivity of KNDy neurons reduces the animals' elevated body temperature, mean plasma LH level, and mean peak LH per pulse. Second, chronic administration of a PRKA to a murine model of PCOS, having elevated plasma testosterone levels and irregular ovarian cycles, suppresses circulating levels of LH and testosterone and restores normal ovarian cyclicity. CONCLUSION The inhibition of kisspeptin neuronal activity by activation of kappa receptors shows promise as a novel therapeutic approach to treat both VMS and PCOS in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A McCarthy
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Daniel Dischino
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Caroline Maguire
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Silvia Leon
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rajae Talbi
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Eugene Cheung
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | | | - Susan D Reed
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Robert A Steiner
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Victor M Navarro
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Program in Neuroscience, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Correspondence: Victor M. Navarro PhD, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, 221 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Farahmand M, Bahri Khomamid M, Rahmati M, Azizi F, Ramezani Tehrani F. Aging and changes in adiposity indices: the impact of menopause. J Endocrinol Invest 2022; 45:69-77. [PMID: 34255310 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-021-01616-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Aging is associated with significant changes in fat distribution and menopause may alter this process. This study aimed to investigate the longitudinal effect of menopause on changes in adiposity indices (AI). METHODS A total number of 3876 non-menopausal women, aged > 20 years, who participated in the Tehran Lipid and Glucose study, were selected for the present study. They were followed from 1998 to 2018 at a 3-year interval and their adiposity indices were measured. Throughout the study, participants were categorized into two groups according to their menopausal status as group 1): women who reached menopause and group 2): women who did not reach menopause. The generalized estimation equation (GEE) models were used to compare the trend of changes in AIs between these two groups. RESULTS At the end of the study, a total number of 1479 (38.2%) participants reached menopause. The odds of general obesity decreased by 5% (OR: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.90-0.99), and the odds of central obesity increased by 6% in group1 compared to group2 (OR: 1.06, 95% CI: 1.01-1.12). CONCLUSIONS Menopause alters the impact of aging on central fat distribution. Increasing awareness of the related risk in menopausal women and their healthcare professional may prevent adverse related outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Farahmand
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 24 Parvaneh St., Yaman St., Velenjak, PO Box 19395-4763, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Bahri Khomamid
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - M Rahmati
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 24 Parvaneh St., Yaman St., Velenjak, PO Box 19395-4763, Tehran, Iran
| | - F Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - F Ramezani Tehrani
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 24 Parvaneh St., Yaman St., Velenjak, PO Box 19395-4763, Tehran, Iran.
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Han G, Choi J, Cha SY, Kim BI, Kho HK, Jang MJ, Kim MA, Maeng S, Hong H. Effects of Radix Polygalae on Cognitive Decline and Depression in Estradiol Depletion Mouse Model of Menopause. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2021; 43:1669-1684. [PMID: 34698102 PMCID: PMC8929121 DOI: 10.3390/cimb43030118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Postmenopausal syndrome refers to symptoms caused by the gradual decrease in female hormones after mid-40 years. As a target organ of estrogen, decrease in estrogen causes various changes in brain function such as a decrease in choline acetyltransferase and brain-derived neurotrophic factor; thus, postmenopausal women experience cognitive decline and more depressive symptoms than age-matched men. Radix Polygalae has been used for memory boosting and as a mood stabilizer and its components have shown neuroprotective, antidepressant, and stress relief properties. In a mouse model of estrogen depletion induced by 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide, Radix Polygalae was orally administered for 3 weeks. In these animals, cognitive and depression-related behaviors and molecular changes related to these behaviors were measured in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Radix Polygalae improved working memory and contextual memory and despair-related behaviors in 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide-treated mice without increasing serum estradiol levels in this model. In relation to these behaviors, choline acetyltransferase and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus and bcl-2-associated athanogene expression increased in the hippocampus. These results implicate the possible benefit of Radix Polygalae in use as a supplement of estrogen to prevent conditions such as postmenopausal depression and cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaeul Han
- Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Korea; (G.H.); (J.C.); (S.-Y.C.); (B.I.K.); (H.K.K.); (M.-J.J.); (M.A.K.)
| | - Junhyuk Choi
- Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Korea; (G.H.); (J.C.); (S.-Y.C.); (B.I.K.); (H.K.K.); (M.-J.J.); (M.A.K.)
| | - Seung-Yun Cha
- Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Korea; (G.H.); (J.C.); (S.-Y.C.); (B.I.K.); (H.K.K.); (M.-J.J.); (M.A.K.)
| | - Byung Il Kim
- Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Korea; (G.H.); (J.C.); (S.-Y.C.); (B.I.K.); (H.K.K.); (M.-J.J.); (M.A.K.)
| | - Hee Kyung Kho
- Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Korea; (G.H.); (J.C.); (S.-Y.C.); (B.I.K.); (H.K.K.); (M.-J.J.); (M.A.K.)
| | - Maeng-Jin Jang
- Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Korea; (G.H.); (J.C.); (S.-Y.C.); (B.I.K.); (H.K.K.); (M.-J.J.); (M.A.K.)
| | - Mi Ae Kim
- Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Korea; (G.H.); (J.C.); (S.-Y.C.); (B.I.K.); (H.K.K.); (M.-J.J.); (M.A.K.)
| | - Sungho Maeng
- Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Korea; (G.H.); (J.C.); (S.-Y.C.); (B.I.K.); (H.K.K.); (M.-J.J.); (M.A.K.)
- Department of Gerontology (AgeTech-Service Convergence Major), Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (H.H.); Tel.: +82-31-201-2916 (S.M.); +82-2-2049-6274 (H.H.)
| | - Heeok Hong
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (H.H.); Tel.: +82-31-201-2916 (S.M.); +82-2-2049-6274 (H.H.)
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10
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Costeira R, Lee KA, Murray B, Christiansen C, Castillo-Fernandez J, Ni Lochlainn M, Capdevila Pujol J, Macfarlane H, Kenny LC, Buchan I, Wolf J, Rymer J, Ourselin S, Steves CJ, Spector TD, Newson LR, Bell JT. Estrogen and COVID-19 symptoms: Associations in women from the COVID Symptom Study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257051. [PMID: 34506535 PMCID: PMC8432854 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been widely observed that adult men of all ages are at higher risk of developing serious complications from COVID-19 when compared with women. This study aimed to investigate the association of COVID-19 positivity and severity with estrogen exposure in women, in a population based matched cohort study of female users of the COVID Symptom Study application in the UK. Analyses included 152,637 women for menopausal status, 295,689 women for exogenous estrogen intake in the form of the combined oral contraceptive pill (COCP), and 151,193 menopausal women for hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Data were collected using the COVID Symptom Study in May-June 2020. Analyses investigated associations between predicted or tested COVID-19 status and menopausal status, COCP use, and HRT use, adjusting for age, smoking and BMI, with follow-up age sensitivity analysis, and validation in a subset of participants from the TwinsUK cohort. Menopausal women had higher rates of predicted COVID-19 (P = 0.003). COCP-users had lower rates of predicted COVID-19 (P = 8.03E-05), with reduction in hospital attendance (P = 0.023). Menopausal women using HRT or hormonal therapies did not exhibit consistent associations, including increased rates of predicted COVID-19 (P = 2.22E-05) for HRT users alone. The findings support a protective effect of estrogen exposure on COVID-19, based on positive association between predicted COVID-19 with menopausal status, and negative association with COCP use. HRT use was positively associated with COVID-19, but the results should be considered with caution due to lack of data on HRT type, route of administration, duration of treatment, and potential unaccounted for confounders and comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Costeira
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Karla A. Lee
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin Murray
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Colette Christiansen
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Juan Castillo-Fernandez
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mary Ni Lochlainn
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Louise C. Kenny
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Iain Buchan
- Department of Public Health, Policy and Systems, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | | | - Janice Rymer
- Department of Women’s Health, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastien Ourselin
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Claire J. Steves
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy D. Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Louise R. Newson
- Newson Health Menopause & Wellbeing Centre, Stratford-Upon-Avon, United Kingdom
| | - Jordana T. Bell
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
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11
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Baumgartner NE, Black KL, McQuillen SM, Daniel JM. Previous estradiol treatment during midlife maintains transcriptional regulation of memory-related proteins by ERα in the hippocampus in a rat model of menopause. Neurobiol Aging 2021; 105:365-373. [PMID: 34198140 PMCID: PMC8338908 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Previous midlife estradiol treatment, like continuous treatment, improves memory and results in lasting increases in hippocampal levels of estrogen receptor (ER) α and ER-dependent transcription in ovariectomized rodents. We hypothesized that previous and continuous midlife estradiol act to specifically increase levels of nuclear ERα, resulting in transcriptional regulation of proteins that mediate estrogen effects on memory. Ovariectomized middle-aged rats received estradiol or vehicle capsule implants. After 40 days, rats initially receiving vehicle received another vehicle capsule (ovariectomized controls). Rats initially receiving estradiol received either another estradiol (continuous estradiol) or a vehicle (previous estradiol) capsule. One month later, hippocampi were dissected and processed. Continuous and previous estradiol increased levels of nuclear, but not membrane or cytosolic ERα and had no effect on Esr1. Continuous and previous estradiol impacted gene expression and/or protein levels of mediators of estrogenic action on memory including ChAT, BDNF, and PSD-95. Findings demonstrate a long-lasting role for hippocampal ERα as a transcriptional regulator of memory following termination of previous estradiol treatment in a rat model of menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina E Baumgartner
- Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA; Neuroscience Program, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA.
| | - Katelyn L Black
- Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA; Neuroscience Program, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
| | - Shannon M McQuillen
- Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA; Neuroscience Program, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
| | - Jill M Daniel
- Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA; Neuroscience Program, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA; Psychology Department, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
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12
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Zhang M, Flury S, Kim CK, Chung WCJ, Kirk JA, Pak TR. Absolute Quantification of Phosphorylated ERβ Amino Acids in the Hippocampus of Women and in A Rat Model of Menopause. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6306514. [PMID: 34147032 PMCID: PMC8294689 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The rapid decline of circulating 17β-estradiol (E2) at menopause leads to negative neurological consequences, although hormone therapy paradoxically has both harmful and positive effects depending on the age at which it is delivered. The inconsistent response to E2 suggests unappreciated regulatory mechanisms for estrogen receptors (ERs), and we predicted it could be due to age-related differences in ERβ phosphorylation. We assessed ERβ phosphorylation using a sensitive mass spectrometry approach that provides absolute quantification (AQUA-MS) of individually phosphorylated residues. Specifically, we quantified phosphorylated ERβ in the hippocampus of women (aged 21-83 years) and in a rat model of menopause at 4 residues with conserved sequence homology between the 2 species: S105, S176, S200, and Y488. Phosphorylation at these sites, which spanned all domains of ERβ, were remarkably consistent between the 2 species, showing high levels of S105 phosphorylation (80%-100%) and low levels of S200 (20%-40%). Further, S200 phosphorylation decreased with aging in humans and loss of E2 in rats. Surprisingly, Y488 phosphorylation, which has been linked to ERβ ligand-independent actions, exhibited approximately 70% phosphorylation, unaltered by species, age, or E2, suggesting ERβ's primary mode of action may not require E2 binding. We further show phosphorylation at 2 sites directly altered ERβ DNA-binding efficiency, and thus could affect its transcription factor activity. These findings provide the first absolute quantification of ERβ phosphorylation in the human and rat brain, novel insights into ERβ regulation, and a critical foundation for providing more targeted therapeutic options for menopause in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Zhang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois 60153, USA
| | - Sarah Flury
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois 60153, USA
| | - Chun K Kim
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois 60153, USA
| | - Wilson C J Chung
- Department of Biology, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, USA
| | - Jonathan A Kirk
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois 60153, USA
| | - Toni R Pak
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois 60153, USA
- Correspondence: Toni R. Pak, PhD, Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, 2160 S First Ave, CTRE 115-520, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
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13
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Zhou J, Azizan EAB, Cabrera CP, Fernandes-Rosa FL, Boulkroun S, Argentesi G, Cottrell E, Amar L, Wu X, O'Toole S, Goodchild E, Marker A, Senanayake R, Garg S, Åkerström T, Backman S, Jordan S, Polubothu S, Berney DM, Gluck A, Lines KE, Thakker RV, Tuthill A, Joyce C, Kaski JP, Karet Frankl FE, Metherell LA, Teo AED, Gurnell M, Parvanta L, Drake WM, Wozniak E, Klinzing D, Kuan JL, Tiang Z, Gomez Sanchez CE, Hellman P, Foo RSY, Mein CA, Kinsler VA, Björklund P, Storr HL, Zennaro MC, Brown MJ. Somatic mutations of GNA11 and GNAQ in CTNNB1-mutant aldosterone-producing adenomas presenting in puberty, pregnancy or menopause. Nat Genet 2021; 53:1360-1372. [PMID: 34385710 PMCID: PMC9082578 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-021-00906-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Most aldosterone-producing adenomas (APAs) have gain-of-function somatic mutations of ion channels or transporters. However, their frequency in aldosterone-producing cell clusters of normal adrenal gland suggests a requirement for codriver mutations in APAs. Here we identified gain-of-function mutations in both CTNNB1 and GNA11 by whole-exome sequencing of 3/41 APAs. Further sequencing of known CTNNB1-mutant APAs led to a total of 16 of 27 (59%) with a somatic p.Gln209His, p.Gln209Pro or p.Gln209Leu mutation of GNA11 or GNAQ. Solitary GNA11 mutations were found in hyperplastic zona glomerulosa adjacent to double-mutant APAs. Nine of ten patients in our UK/Irish cohort presented in puberty, pregnancy or menopause. Among multiple transcripts upregulated more than tenfold in double-mutant APAs was LHCGR, the receptor for luteinizing or pregnancy hormone (human chorionic gonadotropin). Transfections of adrenocortical cells demonstrated additive effects of GNA11 and CTNNB1 mutations on aldosterone secretion and expression of genes upregulated in double-mutant APAs. In adrenal cortex, GNA11/Q mutations appear clinically silent without a codriver mutation of CTNNB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhua Zhou
- Endocrine Hypertension, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Elena A B Azizan
- Endocrine Hypertension, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
- Department of Medicine, The National University of Malaysia (UKM) Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Claudia P Cabrera
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Centre for Translational Bioinformatics, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Giulia Argentesi
- Endocrine Hypertension, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Emily Cottrell
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Laurence Amar
- Université de Paris, PARCC, Inserm, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Unité Hypertension Artérielle, Paris, France
| | - Xilin Wu
- Endocrine Hypertension, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Sam O'Toole
- Endocrine Hypertension, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Emily Goodchild
- Endocrine Hypertension, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Alison Marker
- Department of Histopathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Russell Senanayake
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sumedha Garg
- Endocrine Hypertension, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tobias Åkerström
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Samuel Backman
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Suzanne Jordan
- Cellular Pathology Department, Royal London Hospital, London, UK
| | - Satyamaanasa Polubothu
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Daniel M Berney
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers and Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Anna Gluck
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kate E Lines
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rajesh V Thakker
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Antoinette Tuthill
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - Caroline Joyce
- Clinical Biochemistry, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - Juan Pablo Kaski
- Centre for Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, Great Ormond Street Hospital and University College London Institute of Cardiovascular Science, London, UK
| | - Fiona E Karet Frankl
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lou A Metherell
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Ada E D Teo
- Dept of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mark Gurnell
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Laila Parvanta
- Department of Surgery, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, UK
| | - William M Drake
- Department of Endocrinology, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Eva Wozniak
- Barts and London Genome Centre, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - David Klinzing
- Cardiovascular Disease Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jyn Ling Kuan
- Cardiovascular Disease Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zenia Tiang
- Cardiovascular Disease Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Celso E Gomez Sanchez
- G.V. (Sonny) Montgomery VA Medical Center and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Per Hellman
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Roger S Y Foo
- Cardiovascular Disease Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Charles A Mein
- Barts and London Genome Centre, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Peyman Björklund
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Helen L Storr
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Maria-Christina Zennaro
- Université de Paris, PARCC, Inserm, Paris, France.
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Service de Génétique, Paris, France.
| | - Morris J Brown
- Endocrine Hypertension, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
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14
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Greendale GA, Han W, Finkelstein JS, Burnett-Bowie SAM, Huang M, Martin D, Karlamangla AS. Changes in Regional Fat Distribution and Anthropometric Measures Across the Menopause Transition. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:2520-2534. [PMID: 34061966 PMCID: PMC8372653 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The relation between the menopause transition (MT) and changes in regional fat distribution is uncertain. OBJECTIVE To determine whether the MT is associated with the development of central adiposity. DESIGN Longitudinal analysis from the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation, spanning 1996-2013 (median follow-up 11.8 years). SETTING Community-based. PARTICIPANTS 380 women with regional body composition measures by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Mean baseline age was 45.7 years; racial/ethnic composition was 16% Black, 41% Japanese and 43% White. OUTCOMES Changes in android, gynoid and visceral fat and waist and hip circumferences. RESULTS Android fat increased by 1.21% per year (py) and 5.54% py during premenopause and the MT, respectively (each P < 0.05). Visceral and gynoid fat began increasing at the MT, annualized changes were 6.24% and 2.03%, respectively (each P < 0.05). Postmenopausal annual trajectories decelerated to 1.47% (visceral), 0.90% (android), and -0.87% (gynoid), (all non-zero, P < 0.05). Waist girth grew during premenopause (0.55% py), the MT (0.96% py), and postmenopause (0.55% py) (all non-zero, P < 0.05; not statistically different from each other). Hip girth grew during premenopause (0.20% py) and the MT (0.35% py) (each non-zero, P < 0.05; not statistically different from each other) and decelerated to zero slope in postmenopause. Results are for the White referent; there were statistically significant differences in some trajectories in Black and Japanese women. CONCLUSIONS The MT is associated with the development of central adiposity. Waist or hip circumferences are less sensitive to changes in fat distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gail A Greendale
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, UCLA, 10945 Le Conte Ave, Suite 2339, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
- Correspondence: Gail A. Greendale, MD, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
| | - Weijuan Han
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, UCLA, 10945 Le Conte Ave, Suite 2339, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Joel S Finkelstein
- Department of Medicine, Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, 50 Blossom St, Boston, MA 02114, United States
| | - Sherri-Ann M Burnett-Bowie
- Department of Medicine, Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, 50 Blossom St, Boston, MA 02114, United States
| | - MeiHua Huang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, UCLA, 10945 Le Conte Ave, Suite 2339, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Deborah Martin
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 4420 Bayard Street, Suite 600, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States
| | - Arun S Karlamangla
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, UCLA, 10945 Le Conte Ave, Suite 2339, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
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15
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Abstract
Obesity and its related metabolic disorders have become prevalent and fatal, which are faced by the entire human beings since decades. An energy equilibrium is urgently important for human metabolic health, which requires the participation of multiple organs, such as adipose tissues, liver and skeletal muscles. It seems that both sex and age play a role in the above processes. In this review, we focus on the sexual dimorphism in energy metabolism mediated by adipose tissues, including white and thermogenic (brown/beige) adipose tissues. Remarkably, past investigations have focused on targeting brown/beige adipose tissues to combat obesity because of their contributions to non-shivering thermogenesis. However, sex differences in the regulation of adipose tissue metabolism are likely overlooked. Particularly, increasing data show that males display more visceral fat than females, and females show increased visceral fat after menopause. Visceral adiposity is more deleterious and closely related to metabolic disorders, such as cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we discuss current findings on sexual dimorphism in WAT and BAT biology for a better metabolic balance in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruping Pan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, PR China
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, PR China; Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hubei, PR China.
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16
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Malinská H, Hüttl M, Miklánková D, Trnovská J, Zapletalová I, Poruba M, Marková I. Ovariectomy-Induced Hepatic Lipid and Cytochrome P450 Dysmetabolism Precedes Serum Dyslipidemia. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094527. [PMID: 33926097 PMCID: PMC8123580 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian hormone deficiency leads to increased body weight, visceral adiposity, fatty liver and disorders associated with menopausal metabolic syndrome. To better understand the underlying mechanisms of these disorders in their early phases of development, we investigated the effect of ovariectomy on lipid and glucose metabolism. Compared to sham-operated controls, ovariectomized Wistar female rats markedly increased whole body and visceral adipose tissue weight (p ˂ 0.05) and exhibited insulin resistance in peripheral tissues. Severe hepatic triglyceride accumulation (p ˂ 0.001) after ovariectomy preceded changes in both serum lipids and glucose intolerance, reflecting alterations in some CYP proteins. Increased CYP2E1 (p ˂ 0.05) and decreased CYP4A (p ˂ 0.001) after ovariectomy reduced fatty acid oxidation and induced hepatic steatosis. Decreased triglyceride metabolism and secretion from the liver contributed to hepatic triglyceride accumulation in response to ovariectomy. In addition, interscapular brown adipose tissue of ovariectomized rats exhibited decreased fatty acid oxidation (p ˂ 0.01), lipogenesis (p ˂ 0.05) and lipolysis (p ˂ 0.05) despite an increase in tissue weight. The results provide evidence that impaired hepatic triglycerides and dysregulation of some CYP450 proteins may have been involved in the development of hepatic steatosis. The low metabolic activity of brown adipose tissue may have contributed to visceral adiposity as well as triglyceride accumulation during the postmenopausal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Malinská
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 14021 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.H.); (D.M.); (J.T.); (I.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-261-365-369; Fax: +420-261-363-027
| | - Martina Hüttl
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 14021 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.H.); (D.M.); (J.T.); (I.M.)
| | - Denisa Miklánková
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 14021 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.H.); (D.M.); (J.T.); (I.M.)
| | - Jaroslava Trnovská
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 14021 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.H.); (D.M.); (J.T.); (I.M.)
| | - Iveta Zapletalová
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (I.Z.); (M.P.)
| | - Martin Poruba
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (I.Z.); (M.P.)
| | - Irena Marková
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 14021 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.H.); (D.M.); (J.T.); (I.M.)
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17
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Caini S, De Angelis SP, Corso F, Fantini C, Raimondi S, Pala L, Stanganelli I, de Giorgi V, Gandini S. Exogenous sex hormones, menstrual and reproductive history, and risk of non-melanoma skin cancer among women: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8524. [PMID: 33875740 PMCID: PMC8056000 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88077-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC) are more frequent among men, but women (especially those aged < 40 years) have experienced steeper growth in their incidence rates in recent years. Hormonal factors were hypothesized to be playing a role in modulating NMSC risk, but the studies published to date provided conflicting results. We systematically reviewed and meta-analysed the studies focusing on the association between hormone-related characteristics (use of exogenous sex hormones, and aspects of menstrual and reproductive history) and the risk of NMSC among women. We included observational and experimental studies published in PubMed and EMBASE until February 2020. We calculated summary relative risk (SRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) by applying random effects models with maximum likelihood estimation, and used the I2 statistics to quantify the degree of heterogeneity of risk estimates across studies. Eleven independent studies encompassing a total of over 30,000 NMSC cases were included in quantitative analyses. No evidence of an increased NMSC risk emerged among ever vs. never users of oral contraceptives (SRR 1.13, 95% CI 0.88-1.45) or hormones for menopause (SRR 1.09, 95% CI 0.87-1.37). Likewise, age at menarche or at menopause and parity were not associated with NMSC risk. Heterogeneity across studies was low, and pooled results were comparable between NMSC subtypes. We found no evidence that hormonal factors play a role in the pathogenesis of NMSC among women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saverio Caini
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Via Cosimo il Vecchio 2, 50141, Florence, Italy.
| | | | - Federica Corso
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Carolina Fantini
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Sara Raimondi
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Pala
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Ignazio Stanganelli
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Skin Cancer Unit, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori "Dino Amadori" (IRST), IRCSS, Meldola, Italy
| | | | - Sara Gandini
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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Wang J, Li HY, Shen SY, Zhang JR, Liang LF, Huang HJ, Li B, Wu GC, Zhang YQ, Yu J. The antidepressant and anxiolytic effect of GPER on translocator protein (TSPO) via protein kinase a (PKA) signaling in menopausal female rats. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 207:105807. [PMID: 33345973 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2020.105807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Postmenopausal depression is mainly caused by the deprivation of ovarian hormones during menopausal transition, it is of great importance to study on the treatment that could effectively relieve symptoms of menopausal depression with fewer side effects. Activation of G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) has long been reported to facilitate neuronal plasticity and improve cognition in animals. Meanwhile, it could participate in regulation of intracellular signaling pathways through the characteristic of GPER, ameliorate intracellular mitochondrial function and oxidative stress. However, the impact of GPER on regulating estrogen deprived-depressant and anxious behaviors is still largely unknown. Here we used the ovariectomized female rats to imitate the condition of menopause. Owing to the lateral ventricle administration of G-1 which specifically react with GPER receptor intracerebrally, Ovariectomized (OVX) female rats showed depressive- or anxiety-like phenotypes with attenuated mitochondrial function. In addition, G-1 facilitated PKA activation, which further accelerated TSPO phosphorylation and alleviated menopausal depression- and anxiety-like behaviors. Moreover, PKA inhibitor PKI could partially antagonized the anti-anxiety and anti-depression effects of G-1. Taken together, we concluded that GPER activation might exhibit antidepressant and anxiolytic effect by elevating TSPO phosphorylation via protein kinase A signaling and rescuing the redox status in menopausal female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hao-Yuan Li
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shi-Yu Shen
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jia-Rui Zhang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ling-Feng Liang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hui-Jie Huang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Bing Li
- Center Laboratories, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Gen-Cheng Wu
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yu-Qiu Zhang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Jin Yu
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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19
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Mezzullo M, Gambineri A, Di Dalmazi G, Fazzini A, Magagnoli M, Baccini M, Vicennati V, Pelusi C, Pagotto U, Fanelli F. Steroid reference intervals in women: influence of menopause, age and metabolism. Eur J Endocrinol 2021; 184:395-407. [PMID: 33444226 DOI: 10.1530/eje-20-1147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the impact of age, obesity and metabolic parameters on 13 circulating steroids in reproductive and menopausal age. To define reference intervals (RIs). DESIGN Cross-sectional. METHODS Three hundred and twenty five drug-free, healthy and eumenorrheic women were selected from the general population. Independent relationships of LC-MS/MS-determined steroid levels with age, BMI and metabolic parameters were estimated. Reference sub-cohorts were defined for calculating upper and lower limits in reproductive age, menstrual phases and menopause, and these were compared with limits in dysmetabolic sub-cohorts. RESULTS Lower androgens, pro-androgens and estrogens, but higher cortisol and metabolites were found in menopausal compared to reproductive age women. Androgens and precursors decreased during reproductive age (P < 0.001-P = 0.002) but not after menopause. 17OH-progesterone decreased with BMI (P = 0.006) and glucocorticoids with waist circumference (P < 0.001P = 0.002) in reproductive age, but increased with triglycerides (P=0.011P=0.038) after menopause. Inverse associations of dihydrotestosterone with BMI (P=0.004) and HDL-cholesterol (P=0.010), estrone with total cholesterol (P=0.033) and estradiol with triglycerides (P=0.011) were found in reproductive age. After menopause, estrone increased with waist circumference (P<0.001) and decreased with insulin resistance (P=0.012). Ovarian steroid RIs were estimated in menstrual phases and menopause. Age- and reproductive status-specific RIs were generated for androgens, precursors and corticosteroids. Lower limits for reproductive age cortisol (P=0.020) and menopausal 11-deoxycortisol (P=0.003) in dysmetabolic sub-cohorts were reduced and increased, respectively, compared to reference limits. CONCLUSIONS Obesity and dysmetabolism differently influence circulating steroids in reproductive and menopausal status. Age, menstrual and menopausal status-specific RIs were provided by LC-MS/MS for a broad steroid panel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Mezzullo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Unit of Endocrinology and Prevention and Care of Diabetes, Center for Applied Biomedical Research, University of Bologna, S.Orsola Policlinic, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandra Gambineri
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Unit of Endocrinology and Prevention and Care of Diabetes, Center for Applied Biomedical Research, University of Bologna, S.Orsola Policlinic, Bologna, Italy
| | - Guido Di Dalmazi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Unit of Endocrinology and Prevention and Care of Diabetes, Center for Applied Biomedical Research, University of Bologna, S.Orsola Policlinic, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessia Fazzini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Unit of Endocrinology and Prevention and Care of Diabetes, Center for Applied Biomedical Research, University of Bologna, S.Orsola Policlinic, Bologna, Italy
| | - Matteo Magagnoli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Unit of Endocrinology and Prevention and Care of Diabetes, Center for Applied Biomedical Research, University of Bologna, S.Orsola Policlinic, Bologna, Italy
| | - Margherita Baccini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Unit of Endocrinology and Prevention and Care of Diabetes, Center for Applied Biomedical Research, University of Bologna, S.Orsola Policlinic, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Vicennati
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Unit of Endocrinology and Prevention and Care of Diabetes, Center for Applied Biomedical Research, University of Bologna, S.Orsola Policlinic, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carla Pelusi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Unit of Endocrinology and Prevention and Care of Diabetes, Center for Applied Biomedical Research, University of Bologna, S.Orsola Policlinic, Bologna, Italy
| | - Uberto Pagotto
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Unit of Endocrinology and Prevention and Care of Diabetes, Center for Applied Biomedical Research, University of Bologna, S.Orsola Policlinic, Bologna, Italy
| | - Flaminia Fanelli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Unit of Endocrinology and Prevention and Care of Diabetes, Center for Applied Biomedical Research, University of Bologna, S.Orsola Policlinic, Bologna, Italy
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20
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Cellai I, Di Stasi V, Comeglio P, Maseroli E, Todisco T, Corno C, Filippi S, Cipriani S, Sorbi F, Fambrini M, Petraglia F, Scavello I, Rastrelli G, Acciai G, Villanelli F, Danza G, Sarchielli E, Guarnieri G, Morelli A, Maggi M, Vignozzi L. Insight on the Intracrinology of Menopause: Androgen Production within the Human Vagina. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6008848. [PMID: 33247714 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated steroidogenic gene mRNA expression in human vaginas and verified the ability of human vagina smooth muscle cells (hvSMCs) to synthesize androgens from upstream precursor dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). As a readout for androgen receptor (AR) activation, we evaluated the mRNA expression of various androgen-dependent markers. hvSMCs were isolated from vagina tissues of women undergoing surgery for benign gynecological diseases. In these cells, we evaluated mRNA expression of several steroidogenic enzymes and sex steroid receptors using real time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Androgen production was quantified with liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). In vaginal tissues, AR mRNA was significantly less expressed than estrogen receptor α, whereas in hvSMCs, its mRNA expression was higher than progestin and both estrogen receptors. In hvSMCs and in vaginal tissue, when compared to ovaries, the mRNA expression of proandrogenic steroidogenic enzymes (HSD3β1/β2, HSD17β3/β5), along with 5α-reductase isoforms and sulfotransferase, resulted as being more abundant. In addition, enzymes involved in androgen inactivation were less expressed than in the ovaries. The LC-MS/MS analysis revealed that, in hvSMCs, short-term DHEA supplementation increased Δ4-androstenedione levels in spent medium, while increasing testosterone and DHT secretion after longer incubation. Finally, androgenic signaling activation was evaluated through AR-dependent marker mRNA expression, after DHEA and T stimulation. This study confirmed that the human vagina is an androgen-target organ with the ability to synthesize androgens, thus providing support for the use of androgens for local symptoms of genitourinary syndrome in menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Cellai
- Andrology, Women's Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio," University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Vincenza Di Stasi
- Andrology, Women's Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio," University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Paolo Comeglio
- Andrology, Women's Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio," University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Elisa Maseroli
- Andrology, Women's Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio," University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Tommaso Todisco
- Andrology, Women's Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio," University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Chiara Corno
- Andrology, Women's Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio," University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Sandra Filippi
- Interdepartmental laboratory of functional and cellular pharmacology of reproduction, Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Sarah Cipriani
- Andrology, Women's Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio," University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Flavia Sorbi
- Gynecology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio," University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Fambrini
- Gynecology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio," University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Felice Petraglia
- Gynecology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio," University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Irene Scavello
- Andrology, Women's Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio," University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giulia Rastrelli
- Andrology, Women's Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio," University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Gabriele Acciai
- Andrology, Women's Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio," University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Fabio Villanelli
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio," University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giovanna Danza
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio," University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Erica Sarchielli
- Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giulia Guarnieri
- Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Annamaria Morelli
- Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Mario Maggi
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio," University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- I.N.B.B. (Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi), Rome, Italy
| | - Linda Vignozzi
- Andrology, Women's Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio," University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- I.N.B.B. (Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi), Rome, Italy
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21
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Rumpler É, Skrapits K, Takács S, Göcz B, Trinh SH, Rácz G, Matolcsy A, Kozma Z, Ciofi P, Dhillo WS, Hrabovszky E. Characterization of Kisspeptin Neurons in the Human Rostral Hypothalamus. Neuroendocrinology 2021; 111:249-262. [PMID: 32299085 DOI: 10.1159/000507891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kisspeptin (KP) neurons in the rostral periventricular region of the 3rd ventricle (RP3V) of female rodents mediate positive estrogen feedback to gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons and, thus, play a fundamental role in the mid-cycle luteinizing hormone (LH) surge. The RP3V is sexually dimorphic, and male rodents with lower KP cell numbers are unable to mount estrogen-induced LH surges. OBJECTIVE To find and characterize the homologous KP neurons in the human brain, we studied formalin-fixed post-mortem hypothalami. METHODS Immunohistochemical techniques were used. RESULTS The distribution of KP neurons in the rostral hypothalamus overlapped with distinct subdivisions of the paraventricular nucleus. The cell numbers decreased after menopause, indicating that estrogens positively regulate KP gene expression in the rostral hypothalamus in humans, similarly to several other species. Young adult women and men had similar cell numbers, as opposed to rodents reported to have more KP neurons in the RP3V of females. Human KP neurons differed from the homologous rodent cells as well, in that they were devoid of enkephalins, galanin and tyrosine hydroxylase. Further, they did not contain known KP neuron markers of the human infundibular nucleus, neurokinin B, substance P and cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript, while they received afferent input from these KP neurons. CONCLUSIONS The identification and positive estrogenic regulation of KP neurons in the human rostral hypothalamus challenge the long-held view that positive estrogen feedback may be restricted to the mediobasal part of the hypothalamus in primates and point to the need of further anatomical, molecular and functional studies of rostral hypothalamic KP neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éva Rumpler
- Laboratory of Reproductive Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Skrapits
- Laboratory of Reproductive Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szabolcs Takács
- Laboratory of Reproductive Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Göcz
- Laboratory of Reproductive Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sarolta H Trinh
- Laboratory of Reproductive Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gergely Rácz
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Matolcsy
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Kozma
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | | | - Waljit S Dhillo
- Department of Investigative Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Erik Hrabovszky
- Laboratory of Reproductive Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary,
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22
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Rehbein E, Hornung J, Sundström Poromaa I, Derntl B. Shaping of the Female Human Brain by Sex Hormones: A Review. Neuroendocrinology 2021; 111:183-206. [PMID: 32155633 DOI: 10.1159/000507083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Traditionally sex hormones have been associated with reproductive and developmental processes only. Since the 1950s we know that hormones can have organizational effects on the developing brain and initiate hormonal transition periods such as puberty. However, recent evidence shows that sex hormones additionally structure the brain during important hormonal transition periods across a woman's life including short-term fluctuations during the menstrual cycle. However, a comprehensive review focusing on structural changes during all hormonal transition phases of women is still missing. Therefore, in this review structural changes across hormonal transition periods (i.e., puberty, menstrual cycle, oral contraceptive intake, pregnancy and menopause) were investigated in a structured way and correlations with sex hormones evaluated. Results show an overall reduction in grey matter and region-specific decreases in prefrontal, parietal and middle temporal areas during puberty. Across the menstrual cycle grey matter plasticity in the hippocampus, the amygdala as well as temporal and parietal regions were most consistently reported. Studies reporting on pre- and post-pregnancy measurements revealed volume reductions in midline structures as well as prefrontal and temporal cortices. During perimenopause, the decline in sex hormones was paralleled with a reduction in hippocampal and parietal cortex volume. Brain volume changes were significantly correlated with estradiol, testosterone and progesterone levels in some studies, but directionality remains inconclusive between studies. These results indicate that sex hormones play an important role in shaping women's brain structure during different transition periods and are not restricted to specific developmental periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Rehbein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Innovative Neuroimaging, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany,
| | - Jonas Hornung
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Innovative Neuroimaging, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Birgit Derntl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Innovative Neuroimaging, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Lead Graduate School, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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23
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Menopause is a physiological process in nature and hence, variations in the age of menopause are not expected. Hence, the study was conducted with an objective to calculate the reliable estimates of age at menopause for India, and understand the differentials in women's age at menopause throughout the country. METHODS A total of 202 studies of age at menopause, covering the period 2009-2020, were accessed from PubMed database and Google. Of these only ten studies met the selection criteria for this paper, which is that the data for these studies must be collected from house-to-house surveys. RESULTS The average age at menopause in India, with minimal publication bias, is 46.6 years (95% CI: 44.83, 48.44). In one study slightly above 1.96 Standard Deviation, was observed, as ascertained by Funnel Plot and Egger's test. The mean age ranged from a minimum of 44.69 years (95% CI: 35.01, 54.37) to a maximum of 48.95 (95% CI: 42.29, 55.61) years. Furthermore, the age at menopause did not exhibit any significant variation by age at menarche, although the association was positive. CONCLUSIONS The age at menopause showed positive association with age at menarche. In India, during the period 2009-2020, it was 46.6 years, which significantly lower than the age in some developed countries. The differences may be methodological since no information was found regarding the distribution of age at menopause in the studies that were considered for meta-analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jang Bahadur Prasad
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, KLE University, Belgaum, 590010, Karnataka, India.
| | - Naresh K Tyagi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, KLE University, Belgaum, 590010, Karnataka, India.
| | - Pradyuman Verma
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, KLE University, Belgaum, 590010, Karnataka, India.
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Abstract
During aging and menopausal transition in women, a progressive muscle degeneration (i.e. decrease in quality and muscle function) occurs. This muscle dysfunction, caused by decreased proliferation of muscle satellite cells, increased levels of inflammatory markers, and altered levels of sex hormones, exposes women to a raised incidence of sarcopenia. In this regard, hormonal balance and, in particular, estradiol, seems to be essential in skeletal muscle function. The role of the estradiol on satellite cells and the release of inflammatory cytokines in menopausal women are reviewed. In particular, estradiol has a beneficial effect on the skeletal muscle by stimulating satellite cell proliferation. Skeletal muscle can respond to estrogenic hormonal control due to the presence of specific receptors for estradiol at the level of muscle fibers. Additionally, estradiol can limit inflammatory stress damage on skeletal muscle. In this review, we primarily focused on the role of estradiol in sarcopenia and on the possibility of using Estradiol Replacement Therapy, which combined with nutritional and physical activity programs, can counteract this condition representing a valid tool to treat sarcopenia in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Geraci
- Geriatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Annalisa Geraci,
| | - Riccardo Calvani
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Evelyn Ferri
- Geriatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuele Marzetti
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Institute of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Beatrice Arosio
- Geriatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Cesari
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Geriatric Unit, IRCCS Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, Milan, Italy
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25
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Laakkonen EK, Karppinen JE, Lehti S, Lee E, Pesonen E, Juppi HK, Kujala UM, Haapala EA, Aukee P, Laukkanen JA, Ihalainen JK. Associations of Sex Hormones and Hormonal Status With Arterial Stiffness in a Female Sample From Reproductive Years to Menopause. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:765916. [PMID: 34917027 PMCID: PMC8669797 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.765916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Loss of sex hormones has been suggested to underlie menopause-associated increment in cardiovascular risk. We investigated associations of sex hormones with arterial stiffness in 19-58-years-old women. We also studied associations of specific hormonal stages, including natural menstrual cycle, cycle with combined oral contraceptives (COC) and menopausal status with or without hormone therapy (HT), with arterial stiffness. METHODS This study includes repeated measurements of 65 healthy women representing reproductive (n=16 natural, n=10 COC-users) and menopause (n=5 perimenopausal, n=26 postmenopausal, n=8 HT-users) stages. Arterial stiffness outcomes were aortic pulse wave velocity (PWVao) and augmentation index (AIx%) assessed using Arteriograph-device. Generalized estimating equation models were constructed to investigate associations of each hormone (wide age-range models) or hormonal stage (age-group focused models) with arterial stiffness. PWVao models with cross-sectional approach, were adjusted for age, relative fitness, fat mass and mean arterial pressure, while models with longitudinal approach were adjusted for mean arterial pressure. AIx% models used the same approach for adjustments and were also adjusted for heart rate. RESULTS Negative and positive associations with arterial stiffness variables were observed for estradiol and follicle-stimulating hormone, respectively, until adjustment for confounding effect of age. In naturally menstruating women, AIx% was higher at ovulation (B=3.63, p<0.001) compared to the early follicular phase. In COC-users, PWVao was lower during active (B=-0.33 - -0.57, p<0.05) than inactive pills. In menopausal women, HT-users had higher PWVao (B=1.43, p=0.03) than postmenopausal non-HT-users. CONCLUSIONS When using wide age-range assessments covering reproductive to menopausal lifespan it is difficult to differentiate age- and hormone-mediated associations, because age-mediated influence on arterial stiffness seemed to overrule potential hormone-mediated influences. However, hormonal status associated differentially with arterial stiffness in age-group focused analyses. Thus, the role of sex hormones cannot be excluded. Further research is warranted to resolve potential hormone-mediated mechanisms affecting arterial elasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eija K. Laakkonen
- Gerontology Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- *Correspondence: Eija K. Laakkonen,
| | - Jari E. Karppinen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Satu Lehti
- Gerontology Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Earric Lee
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Emilia Pesonen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Hanna-Kaarina Juppi
- Gerontology Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Urho M. Kujala
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Eero A. Haapala
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pauliina Aukee
- Department Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pelvic Floor Research and Therapy Unit, Central Finland Health Care District, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jari A. Laukkanen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Johanna K. Ihalainen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause: What You Should Know. Am Fam Physician 2020; 102:Online. [PMID: 33118798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
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Li S, Cong C, Liu Y, Liu X, Kluwe L, Shan X, Liu H, Gao M, Zhao L, Gao X, Xu L. Tiao Geng decoction for treating menopausal syndrome exhibits anti-aging effects likely via suppressing ASK1/MKK7/JNK mediated apoptosis in ovariectomized rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2020; 261:113061. [PMID: 32525065 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE TG-decoction (Tiao Geng decoction) is the extract of a Chinese herb mixture that has been used for treating menopausal symptoms for over 30 years. We have previously reported anti-aging and anti-oxidative effects of the TG-decoction on hypothalamic neurons in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study further investigates the effects of TG-decoction on the prevention of aging-related ultrastructural changes in menopausal hypothalamic neurons and the likely molecular mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 120 four-month-old female SPF Sprague Dawley rats were divided into six groups. Five groups were ovariectomized (OVX) and one group served as a sham control. Three OVX groups received TG-decoction at three different doses. The remaining two OVX groups served as positive and negative controls by receiving estradiol valerate and saline solution. The sham group received saline. After one month, aging-related ultrastructural alterations in hypothalamic neurons were evaluated using transmission electron microscopy. Nissl staining was used to assess the pathomorphological changes of the hypothalamic neurons. Cell apoptosis was evaluated by TUNEL. Expression of Bcl-2 family genes was studied using qRT-PCR. Expression of the apoptosis-related proteins ASK1, MKK7, JNK, c-Jun, Bax, Casp3 and Bcl-2 was studied using western blotting. RESULTS Ovariectomy of female rats led to visible damage and aging-like alterations in the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum as well as large deposits of lipofuscin in hypothalamic tissue. TG-decoction treatment prevented this visible damage and lipofuscin deposition, increased the number of nerve cells and normally-shaped Nissl bodies, and reduced the number of TUNEL-positive cells. Expression of Bcl-2 gene was increased, while Bax gene reduced. Expression of the proteins ASK1, MKK7, JNK, c-Jun, Bax and Casp3 was reduced, while that of Bcl-2 was increased. CONCLUSION TG-decoction reduces aging-related ultrastructural changes in hypothalamic neurons, likely by suppressing ASK1/MKK7/JNK-mediated apoptosis in neuronal mitochondria or nuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Li
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 20032, China.
| | - Chao Cong
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 20032, China.
| | - Yang Liu
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 20032, China.
| | - Xiaofei Liu
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 20032, China.
| | - Lan Kluwe
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Xin Shan
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 20032, China.
| | - Huicong Liu
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 20032, China.
| | - Min Gao
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 20032, China.
| | - Li Zhao
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 20032, China.
| | - Xianwei Gao
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 20032, China.
| | - Lianwei Xu
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 20032, China.
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Del Río JP, Molina S, Hidalgo-Lanussa O, Garcia-Segura LM, Barreto GE. Tibolone as Hormonal Therapy and Neuroprotective Agent. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2020; 31:742-759. [PMID: 32507541 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2020.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tibolone (TIB), a selective tissue estrogenic activity regulator (STEAR) in clinical use by postmenopausal women, activates hormonal receptors in a tissue-specific manner. Estrogenic activity is present mostly in the brain, vagina, and bone, while the inactive forms predominate in the endometrium and breast. Conflicting literature on TIB's actions has been observed. While it has benefits for vasomotor symptoms, bone demineralization, and sexual health, a higher relative risk of hormone-sensitive cancer has been reported. In the brain, TIB can improve mood and cognition, neuroinflammation, and reactive gliosis. This review aims to discuss the systemic effects of TIB on peri- and post-menopausal women and its role in the brain. We suggest that TIB is a hormonal therapy with promising neuroprotective properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pablo Del Río
- Reproductive Health Research Institute, Santiago, Chile; Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Clínica Psiquiátrica Universitaria, Hospital Clínico, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Nucleus to Improve the Mental Health of Adolescents and Youths (Imhay), Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Oscar Hidalgo-Lanussa
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Luis Miguel Garcia-Segura
- Instituto Cajal, CSIC, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - George E Barreto
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
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Shanmugan S, Cao W, Satterthwaite TD, Sammel MD, Ashourvan A, Bassett DS, Ruparel K, Gur RC, Epperson CN, Loughead J. Impact of childhood adversity on network reconfiguration dynamics during working memory in hypogonadal women. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2020; 119:104710. [PMID: 32563173 PMCID: PMC7745207 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Many women with no history of cognitive difficulties experience executive dysfunction during menopause. Significant adversity during childhood negatively impacts executive function into adulthood and may be an indicator of women at risk of a mid-life cognitive decline. Previous studies have indicated that alterations in functional network connectivity underlie these negative effects of childhood adversity. There is growing evidence that functional brain networks are not static during executive tasks; instead, such networks reconfigure over time. Optimal dynamics are necessary for efficient executive function; while too little reconfiguration is insufficient for peak performance, too much reconfiguration (supra-optimal reconfiguration) is also maladaptive and associated with poorer performance. Here we examined the impact of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on network flexibility, a measure of dynamic reconfiguration, during a letter n-back task within three networks that support executive function: frontoparietal, salience, and default mode networks. Several animal and human subject studies have suggested that childhood adversity exerts lasting effects on executive function via serotonergic mechanisms. Tryptophan depletion (TD) was used to examine whether serotonin function drives ACE effects on network flexibility. We hypothesized that ACE would be associated with higher flexibility (supra-optimal flexibility) and that TD would further increase this measure. Forty women underwent functional imaging at two time points in this double-blind, placebo controlled, crossover study. Participants also completed the Penn Conditional Exclusion Test, a task assessing abstraction and mental flexibility. The effects of ACE and TD were evaluated using generalized estimating equations. ACE was associated with higher flexibility across networks (frontoparietal β = 0.00748, D = 2.79, p = 0.005; salience β = 0.00679, D = 3.02, p = 0.003; and default mode β = 0.00910, D = 3.53, p = 0.0004). While there was no interaction between ACE and TD, active TD increased network flexibility in both ACE groups in comparison to sham depletion (frontoparietal β = 0.00489, D = 2.15, p = 0.03; salience β = 0.00393, D = 1.91, p = 0.06; default mode β = 0.00334, D = 1.73, p = 0.08). These results suggest that childhood adversity has lasting impacts on dynamic reconfiguration of functional brain networks supporting executive function and that decreasing serotonin levels may exacerbate these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila Shanmugan
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Penn PROMOTES Research on Sex and Gender in Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Wen Cao
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Theodore D Satterthwaite
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mary D Sammel
- Penn PROMOTES Research on Sex and Gender in Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Arian Ashourvan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Danielle S Bassett
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Electrical & Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kosha Ruparel
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ruben C Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - C Neill Epperson
- Department of Psychiatry, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO USA
| | - James Loughead
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Abstract
As type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) reaches epidemic proportions in the developed world and the age at diagnosis decreases, more women of reproductive age are being affected. In this article, we provide a synoptic view on potential mechanisms and relevant factors underlying menstrual cycle disorders and fertility issues in women with T2DM. The article discusses the function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis, the central role of the hypothalamus in the homeostasis of this system, the central modulators of the axis, and the peripheral metabolic signals involved in neuroendocrine control of reproduction. The available literature on the relationship between T2DM and the female reproductive lifespan, menstrual cycle disorders, fertility issues, and gestational health in women with T2DM are also discussed. The data so far indicate that there is a "U-shaped" relationship between menarche, menopause, and T2DM, both early and late menarche/menopause being risk factors for T2DM. Hyperglycemia and its consequences may be responsible for the effects of T2DM on reproductive health in women, but the exact mechanisms are not as yet fully understood; thus, more studies are needed in order to identify factors causing disruption of the HPO axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doina Creţu
- Mureș County Clinical Hospital, 38 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 540139, Târgu-Mureș, Romania
| | - Simona Cernea
- Department M4/Internal Medicine IV, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu-Mureș, 38 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 540139, Târgu-Mureș, Romania
- Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Outpatient Unit, Emergency County Clinical Hospital, 50 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 540136, Târgu-Mureş, Romania
| | - Corina Roxana Onea
- Emergency County Clinical Hospital, 50 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 540136, Târgu-Mureş, Romania
| | - Raluca-Monica Pop
- Research Methodology Department, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu-Mureș, 38 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 540139, Târgu-Mureș, Romania.
- Endocrinology Department, Mureș County Clinical Hospital, 38 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 540139, Târgu-Mureș, Romania.
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Kirshner ZZ, Yao JK, Li J, Long T, Nelson D, Gibbs RB. Impact of estrogen receptor agonists and model of menopause on enzymes involved in brain metabolism, acetyl-CoA production and cholinergic function. Life Sci 2020; 256:117975. [PMID: 32565251 PMCID: PMC7448522 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Our goal is to understand how loss of circulating estrogens and estrogen replacement affect brain physiology and function, particularly in brain regions involved in cognitive processes. We recently conducted a large metabolomics study characterizing the effects of rodent models of menopause and treatment with estrogen receptor (ER) agonists on neurochemical targets in hippocampus, frontal cortex, and striatum. Here we characterize effects on levels of several key enzymes involved in glucose utilization and energy production, specifically phosphofructokinase, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and pyruvate dehydrogenase. We also evaluated effects on levels of β-actin and α-tubulin, choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity, and levels of ATP citrate lyase. All experiments were conducted in young adult rats. Experiment 1 compared the effects of ovariectomy (OVX), a model of surgical menopause, and 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide (VCD)-treatments, a model of transitional menopause, with tissues collected at proestrus and at diestrus. Experiment 2 used a separate cohort of rats to evaluate the same targets in OVX and VCD-treated rats treated with estradiol or with selective ER agonists. Differences in the expression of metabolic enzymes between cycling animals and models of surgical and transitional menopause were detected. These differences were model-, region- and time- dependent, and were modulated by selective ER agonists. Collectively, the findings demonstrate that loss of ovarian function and ER agonist treatments have differing effects in OVX vs. VCD-treated rats. Differences may help to explain differences in the effects of estrogen treatments on brain function and cognition in women who have experienced surgical vs. transitional menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Z Kirshner
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1004 Salk Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
| | - Jeffrey K Yao
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1004 Salk Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
| | - Junyi Li
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1004 Salk Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
| | - Tao Long
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1004 Salk Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
| | - Doug Nelson
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1004 Salk Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
| | - R B Gibbs
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1004 Salk Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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Lombardo M, Perrone MA, Guseva E, Aulisa G, Padua E, Bellia C, Della-Morte D, Iellamo F, Caprio M, Bellia A. Losing Weight after Menopause with Minimal Aerobic Training and Mediterranean Diet. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12082471. [PMID: 32824413 PMCID: PMC7468767 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: It is a common belief that menopausal women have greater difficulty losing weight. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of a Mediterranean diet (MD) to promote weight loss in postmenopausal women. All participants were prescribed a hypocaloric traditional MD, tailored to the individual. Subjects were asked not to begin any kind of physical activity. Body composition was measured at the beginning and after 8 weeks of treatment. In total, 89 women (age 52.8 ± 4.5 years, BMI 30.0 ± 5.2 kg/m2, fat mass 31.6 ± 10.5 kg) were divided into two groups: the first group consisted of fertile women over 45 years of age, the second group consisted of those diagnosed as menopausal. All women had an improvement in body composition (fat mass −2.3 ± 2.1 kg, p < 0.001; protein −0.1 ± 0.7 kg, p = 0.190) and blood pressure values. No differences were found between the two groups except for a higher reduction of low-density lipoprotein in the menopausal group (p = 0.035). A positive significant correlation between plant to animal protein ratio and fat-free mass variation was found in the menopausal group. These data suggest that a high adherence to a traditional MD would enable menopausal women to lose fat mass and maintain muscle mass with no significant difference to younger women. Fat mass reduction provides menopausal women with improved cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Lombardo
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy; (E.G.); (G.A.); (E.P.); (D.D.-M.); (M.C.); (A.B.)
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Elena Guseva
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy; (E.G.); (G.A.); (E.P.); (D.D.-M.); (M.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Giovanni Aulisa
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy; (E.G.); (G.A.); (E.P.); (D.D.-M.); (M.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Elvira Padua
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy; (E.G.); (G.A.); (E.P.); (D.D.-M.); (M.C.); (A.B.)
- School of Human Movement Science, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Bellia
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - David Della-Morte
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy; (E.G.); (G.A.); (E.P.); (D.D.-M.); (M.C.); (A.B.)
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy;
- The Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Ferdinando Iellamo
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy;
- Division of Cardiology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy;
- School of Human Movement Science, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Caprio
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy; (E.G.); (G.A.); (E.P.); (D.D.-M.); (M.C.); (A.B.)
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Endocrinology, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Alfonso Bellia
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy; (E.G.); (G.A.); (E.P.); (D.D.-M.); (M.C.); (A.B.)
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy;
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Drugs for menopausal symptoms. Med Lett Drugs Ther 2020; 62:124-8. [PMID: 32960867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
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Kubelac P, Craciun A, Jalba O, Gheorghe S, Lazar G, Ignat F, Lisencu C, Rancea A, Vlad C, Irimie A, Achimas Cadariu P. Institutional results of OncoOVARIAN Dx - a novel algorithm for the preoperative evaluation of adnexal masses. J BUON 2020; 25:1658-1663. [PMID: 32862619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the predictive performance of OncoOVARIAN Dx algorithm, which takes into account tumor markers (beta HCG, CA 19.9, CEA, AFP, CA 125, HE4), general biochemistry and clinical data (age, menopause, comorbidities) in patients scheduled for surgical removal of a suspicious adnexal tumor in comparison with the Risk of Malignancy Algorithm (ROMA) model. METHODS Consecutive women diagnosed with an adnexal tumor mass and scheduled for surgical intervention at a single tertiary cancer between October 2018 - June 2019 were enrolled. Preoperative values of tumor markers and general biochemistry (ASAT, ALAT, GGT, total bilirubin, creatinine) were determined. Following surgery with adequate surgical staging, a definite pathological diagnosis was made and used as reference. RESULTS A total of 50 patients were selected, including 20 benign, 5 borderline and 25 malignant epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) cases on final pathology. Borderline tumors comprised 3 serous and 2 mucinous FIGO stage I cases. Malignant tumors included 17 high grade serous, 4 endometrioid and 4 mucinous types, FIGO stage IA-IIIC. The two models demonstrated very good correlation (Phi 0.78, p<0.001). The sensibility (Se), specificity (Sp), positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) of OncoOVARIAN Dx versus ROMA model were 76.66% vs. 60%, 95% vs. 100%, 95.83% vs. 100%, 73.07% vs. 62.5%, respectively. In postmenopausal patients higher Se (85.71%), Sp (100%) and PPV (100%) were observed for OncoOVARIAN Dx. CONCLUSIONS OncoOVARIAN Dx model demonstrated higher Se and NPV compared to ROMA and could be a useful marker in the preoperative management of adnexal masses; however larger studies are warranted to validate and further refine this algorithm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Kubelac
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Oncology Institute "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta", Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Kim GD, Chun H, Doo M. Associations Among BMI, Dietary Macronutrient Consumption, and Climacteric Symptoms in Korean Menopausal Women. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12040945. [PMID: 32235325 PMCID: PMC7230980 DOI: 10.3390/nu12040945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Many postmenopausal women individually experience varying degrees of climacteric symptoms. Among the many influencing factors, body weight and diet are recognized as important contributors to the incidence and severity of these symptoms. This study was performed to investigate the interaction effect of BMI (body mass index) and dietary consumption on the risk of climacteric symptoms among Korean women. Approximately half of the subjects (48.8%) experienced climacteric symptoms. After adjusting for the covariates, the subjects who are overweight or obese showed significantly greater total scores of climacteric symptoms (p = 0.010) and subscales of symptoms (p = 0.027 for physical climacteric symptoms and p = 0.007 for psychological climacteric symptoms), except for urogenital climacteric symptoms (p = 0.085), than those subjects at a normal weight. When subjects were divided into groups according to dietary macronutrient consumption, those who are overweight or obese were 2.84-fold (adjusted odds ratio, 95% CI = 1.18-6.80, p = 0.019) more likely to experience climacteric symptoms than those at a normal weight among the subjects with high fat consumption. However, the BMI category did not affect the adjusted odds ratio for experiencing climacteric symptoms among subjects who consumed a low-fat diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gi Dae Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyungnam University, Kyungnamdaehak-ro 7, Changwon, Gyeongnam 51767, Korea;
| | - Hyejin Chun
- Department of Family Medicine, Bundang CHA Medical Center, CHA University, Yatap-ro 59, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13496, Korea;
| | - Miae Doo
- Department of Food and nutrition, Kunsan National University, Daehak-ro 558, Gunsan, Jeonbuk 54150, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-63-469-4631; Fax: +82-63-469-2085
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Wang C, Chen C, Lin Y, Zhou Y, Mao F, Zhu H, Zhang X, Shen S, Huang X, Wang X, Zhao B, Yang J, Sun Q. Validation of CTS5 model in large-scale breast cancer population and the impact of menopausal and HER2 status on its prognostic value. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4660. [PMID: 32170181 PMCID: PMC7070010 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61648-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical Treatment Score post-5 years (CTS5) is a promising prognostic tool to evaluate late recurrence risk for breast cancer. Our study aimed to validate its prognostic value in large-scale population and explore the impact of menopausal and HER2 status on CTS5 model. We performed a retrospective cohort study using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Survival analyses were conducted to assess the prognostic value of CTS5 in different breast cancer subgroups in terms of overall survival (OS) and breast cancer specific survival (BCSS) after five years. A total of 23,168 breast cancer patients with positive hormone receptor (HoR) were enrolled. Postmenopausal and premenopausal patients were 13,686 and 9,482, respectively. Taking CTS5 score as a continuous variable, it had significant positive correlation with poor prognosis beyond five years in both postmenopausal and premenopausal subgroups. Nevertheless, for HER2+ postmenopausal patients, the model has less effective prognostic value on long-term BCSS [HR1.177 (95%CI 0.960-1.443), p = 0.117]. Using CTS5 score as a categorical variable, HER2- patients with high-risk level revealed significant poor survival in terms of both BCSS and OS, irrespective of menopausal status. Our study showed the CTS5 model could be a useful prognostic tool for predict long-term survival in HoR+/HER2- patients. And further large-scale studies are warranted to assess its prognostic value for HER2+ patients and develop novel prediction model for late recurrence risk estimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjun Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Chang Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Department of Breast Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yidong Zhou
- Department of Breast Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Feng Mao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Hanjiang Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0989, United States
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Songjie Shen
- Department of Breast Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xuefei Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Emergency Service, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Department of Breast Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
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Meng Q, Yu X, Chen Q, Wu X, Kong X, Wang S, Cai D, Cheng P, Li Y, Bian H. Liuwei Dihuang soft capsules inhibits the phenotypic conversion of VSMC to prevent the menopausal atherosclerosis by up-regulating the expression of myocardin. J Ethnopharmacol 2020; 246:112207. [PMID: 31476440 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Liuwei Dihuang (LWDH) is a classic prescription that has been used as a traditional medicinal formula for more than 1000 years in China. In clinical, LWDF is used for treating functional decline associated with senile disease and menopausal syndrome. Studies have demonstrated that LWDH could significantly improve estrogen level and ER expression, and suspend the process of atherosclerosis. However, the under mechanism of how LWDH suppressing VSMCs phenotypic conversion and proliferation through ER is still unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY This study was to reveal the under mechanism of how LWDH inhibits the phenotypic conversion of VSMCs. MATERIALS AND METHODS 24 ApoE-/- mice were divided into 4 groups: sham group, model group, E2 group, and LWDH group, and 6 C57BN/L6 mice were used as control group. The primary VSMCs were divided into control group, model group, E2 group, LWDH group, LWDH + MPP group, and LWDH + PHTPP group with or without control siRNA, ERα siRNA, ERβ siRNA, and myocardin siRNA. Oil red staining was used to evaluate the lipid deposition in the cardiac aorta. Serum chemistry analysis to test serum TG, TC, LDL, and HDL. Immunofluorescence staining was used to test α-SMA, osteopontin and F-actin. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to check out the myocardin in the cardiac aorta. The mRNA levels of α-SMA, osteopontin, ERα, ERβ, SRC3 and myocardin were detected by Real Time-PCR, and the protein expression levels of them were detected by Western blotting. Co-immunoprecipitation was proceed to test the interaction between ERα and SRC3 and SRC3 and myocardin. Flow cytometry was used to check out the cell cycle. Wound healing assay and Transwell were managed to evaluate the migration capacity of VSMCs. RESULTS In vivo administration of LWDH suppressed AS symptoms, decreases phenotypic marker of vascular endothelial cell, and increases phenotypic marker of VSMC in ovariectomized ApoE-/- female mice. Moreover, LWDH significantly increased the mRNA and protein expression levels of ERα, ERβ, SRC3 and myocardin in the cardiac aorta of ovariectomized ApoE-/- female mice. In vitro, LWDH altered cell cycle and reduced the elevated cyclinD protein expression migration capacity and in the model VSMCs. In addition, LWDH inhibited phenotypic conversion and promoted the expression of ER, SRC3, and myocardin of the primary VSMC phenotypic conversion model. Inhibition of ERα almost completely eliminated the impacts of LWDH on α- SMA and osteopontin. Furthermore, LWDH promoted the interaction between ERα and SRC3 and up-regulated the co-activation of SRC3 and myocardin. CONCLUSIONS LWDH could inhibit the phenotypic conversion of VSMCs in vitro and in vivo by increasing the activity of myocardin through up-regulating the expression of ERα and promoting the interaction between ERα and SRC3. Our research reveals the under mechanism of how LWDH inhibits the phenotypic conversion of VSMCs.
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MESH Headings
- Actins/genetics
- Actins/metabolism
- Animals
- Aorta/metabolism
- Atherosclerosis/prevention & control
- Capsules
- Cells, Cultured
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- Estrogen Receptor alpha/genetics
- Estrogen Receptor alpha/metabolism
- Estrogen Receptor beta/genetics
- Estrogen Receptor beta/metabolism
- Female
- Menopause/genetics
- Menopause/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout, ApoE
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Nuclear Proteins/genetics
- Nuclear Proteins/metabolism
- Osteopontin/genetics
- Osteopontin/metabolism
- Phenotype
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Trans-Activators/genetics
- Trans-Activators/metabolism
- Up-Regulation/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghai Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Xichao Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Qi Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Xiang Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Xueyun Kong
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Suyun Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Danfeng Cai
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Peng Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Yu Li
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Huimin Bian
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China.
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Thomas F, Giraudeau M, Renaud F, Ujvari B, Roche B, Pujol P, Raymond M, Lemaitre JF, Alvergne A. Can postfertile life stages evolve as an anticancer mechanism? PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e3000565. [PMID: 31805037 PMCID: PMC6917346 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Why a postfertile stage has evolved in females of some species has puzzled evolutionary biologists for over 50 years. We propose that existing adaptive explanations have underestimated in their formulation an important parameter operating both at the specific and the individual levels: the balance between cancer risks and cancer defenses. During their life, most multicellular organisms naturally accumulate oncogenic processes in their body. In parallel, reproduction, notably the pregnancy process in mammals, exacerbates the progression of existing tumors in females. When, for various ecological or evolutionary reasons, anticancer defenses are too weak, given cancer risk, older females could not pursue their reproduction without triggering fatal metastatic cancers, nor even maintain a normal reproductive physiology if the latter also promotes the growth of existing oncogenic processes, e.g., hormone-dependent malignancies. At least until stronger anticancer defenses are selected for in these species, females could achieve higher inclusive fitness by ceasing their reproduction and/or going through menopause (assuming that these traits are easier to select than anticancer defenses), thereby limiting the risk of premature death due to metastatic cancers. Because relatively few species experience such an evolutionary mismatch between anticancer defenses and cancer risks, the evolution of prolonged life after reproduction could also be a rare, potentially transient, anticancer adaptation in the animal kingdom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Thomas
- Centre de Recherches Ecologiques et Evolutives sur le Cancer/Centre de Recherches en Ecologie et Evolution de la Santé, Unité Mixte de Recherches, Institut de Recherches pour le Développement 224-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 5290-Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Mathieu Giraudeau
- Centre de Recherches Ecologiques et Evolutives sur le Cancer/Centre de Recherches en Ecologie et Evolution de la Santé, Unité Mixte de Recherches, Institut de Recherches pour le Développement 224-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 5290-Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - François Renaud
- Centre de Recherches Ecologiques et Evolutives sur le Cancer/Centre de Recherches en Ecologie et Evolution de la Santé, Unité Mixte de Recherches, Institut de Recherches pour le Développement 224-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 5290-Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Beata Ujvari
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Benjamin Roche
- Centre de Recherches Ecologiques et Evolutives sur le Cancer/Centre de Recherches en Ecologie et Evolution de la Santé, Unité Mixte de Recherches, Institut de Recherches pour le Développement 224-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 5290-Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Unité mixte internationale de Modélisation Mathématique et Informatique des Systèmes Complexes, Unité Mixte de Recherches, Institut de Recherches pour le développement/Sorbonne Université, France
- Departamento de Etología, Fauna Silvestre y Animales de Laboratorio, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, México
| | - Pascal Pujol
- Centre de Recherches Ecologiques et Evolutives sur le Cancer/Centre de Recherches en Ecologie et Evolution de la Santé, Unité Mixte de Recherches, Institut de Recherches pour le Développement 224-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 5290-Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- CHU Arnaud de Villeneuve, Montpellier, France
| | - Michel Raymond
- ISEM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-François Lemaitre
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité mixte de recherche 5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, Université Lyon 1 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Alexandra Alvergne
- ISEM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier, France
- Institute of Social and Cultural Anthropology, School of Anthropology and Museum Ethnography, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
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Farlay D, Bala Y, Rizzo S, Bare S, Lappe JM, Recker R, Boivin G. Bone remodeling and bone matrix quality before and after menopause in healthy women. Bone 2019; 128:115030. [PMID: 31404670 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Acceleration of remodeling activity after menopause leads to bone loss and fragility, however, whether this is associated with modifications of bone matrix quality has been less studied. The impact of variation in bone remodeling rate on bone matrix has been studied mainly in pathologies or anti-osteoporotic treatments. However, in healthy women this has been less studied. We analyzed, at the global level, bone matrix quality in bone biopsies from 3 groups of healthy women (20 per group): 1) before menopause (PreM), 2) 1 year after menopause (PostM, paired biopsies with preM), and 3) 14 (±9) years after menopause (LT-PostM). The mean degree of mineralization (DMB) and heterogeneity index (HI) of mineralization were assessed by X-ray microradiography on whole bone matrix; intrinsic properties (mineral/organic ratio, mineral maturity, mineral crystallinity, collagen maturity) were assessed by Fourier Transform Infrared microspectroscopy, microhardness by microindentation, both at a global level and calculated by mean of several measurements over the whole tissue area. In PostM compared to PreM (bone remodeling rate had doubled), mean DMB measured on the entire bone plane (whole bone matrix) of the sample was not different. HI was increased in trabecular bone indicating a higher heterogeneity of mineralization. However, in PostM, mineral/organic ratio (trabecular) and microhardness (cortical and trabecular) were decreased, whereas mineral/collagen maturation or crystal size/perfection were unchanged. Thus, in PostM, the local mineral content and microhardness were first affected. In LT-PostM (bone remodeling rate was 3 times higher), the mean DMB was still not different. However, the mineral/organic ratio, microhardness, mineral maturity, crystallinity all were lower compared to PreM and PostM, in both cortical and trabecular bone. Bone remodeling rate was negatively correlated with microhardness, DMB, mineral/organic and crystallinity. This suggests that increases in bone remodeling rates after menopause have a direct impact on bone quality by inducing the formation of more extensive "immature" bone areas, but the amount of immature bone does not cause modification of the global DMB.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Farlay
- INSERM, Université de Lyon, UMR 1033, F-69008 Lyon, France.
| | - Y Bala
- INSERM, Université de Lyon, UMR 1033, F-69008 Lyon, France
| | - S Rizzo
- INSERM, Université de Lyon, UMR 1033, F-69008 Lyon, France
| | - S Bare
- Osteoporosis Research Center, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - J M Lappe
- Osteoporosis Research Center, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - R Recker
- Osteoporosis Research Center, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - G Boivin
- INSERM, Université de Lyon, UMR 1033, F-69008 Lyon, France
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Zimta AA, Tigu AB, Muntean M, Cenariu D, Slaby O, Berindan-Neagoe I. Molecular Links between Central Obesity and Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215364. [PMID: 31661891 PMCID: PMC6862548 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignancy in women, in regard to incidence and mortality. In recent years, the negative role of obesity during BC development and progression has been made abundantly clear in several studies. However, the distribution of body fat may be more important to analyze than the overall body weight. In our review of literature, we reported some key findings regarding the role of obesity in BC development, but focused more on central adiposity. Firstly, the adipose microenvironment in obese people bears many similarities with the tumor microenvironment, in respect to associated cellular composition, chronic low-grade inflammation, and high ratio of reactive oxygen species to antioxidants. Secondly, the adipose tissue functions as an endocrine organ, which in obese people produces a high level of tumor-promoting hormones, such as leptin and estrogen, and a low level of the tumor suppressor hormone, adiponectin. As follows, in BC this leads to the activation of oncogenic signaling pathways: NFκB, JAK, STAT3, AKT. Moreover, overall obesity, but especially central obesity, promotes a systemic and local low grade chronic inflammation that further stimulates the increase of tumor-promoting oxidative stress. Lastly, there is a constant exchange of information between BC cells and adipocytes, mediated especially by extracellular vesicles, and which changes the transcription profile of both cell types to an oncogenic one with the help of regulatory non-coding RNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina-Andreea Zimta
- MEDFUTURE-Research Center for Advanced Medicine, University of Medicine, and Pharmacy Iuliu-Hatieganu, 23 Marinescu Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Adrian Bogdan Tigu
- MEDFUTURE-Research Center for Advanced Medicine, University of Medicine, and Pharmacy Iuliu-Hatieganu, 23 Marinescu Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
- Babeș-Bolyai University, Faculty of Biology, and Geology, 42 Republicii Street, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Maximilian Muntean
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Hatieganu", 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Diana Cenariu
- MEDFUTURE-Research Center for Advanced Medicine, University of Medicine, and Pharmacy Iuliu-Hatieganu, 23 Marinescu Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Ondrej Slaby
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 62100 Brno, Czech Republic.
- Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- MEDFUTURE-Research Center for Advanced Medicine, University of Medicine, and Pharmacy Iuliu-Hatieganu, 23 Marinescu Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine, and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
- Department of Functional Genomics, and Experimental Pathology, The Oncology Institute "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta", Republicii 34th street, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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Abstract
FSH has a primary function in procreation, wherein it induces estrogen production in females and regulates spermatogenesis in males. However, in line with our discoveries over the past decade of non-unitary functions of pituitary hormones, we and others have described hitherto uncharacterized functions of FSH. Through high-affinity receptors, some of which are variants of the ovarian FSH receptor (FSHR), FSH regulates bone mass, adipose tissue function, energy metabolism, and cholesterol production in both sexes. These newly described actions of FSH may indeed be relevant to the pathogenesis of bone loss, dysregulated energy homeostasis, and disordered lipid metabolism that accompany the menopause in females and aging in both genders. We are therefore excited about the possibility of modulating circulating FSH levels toward a therapeutic benefit for a host of age-associated diseases, including osteoporosis, obesity and dyslipidemia, among other future possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charit Taneja
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York 10029, USA
| | - Sakshi Gera
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York 10029, USA
| | - Se–Min Kim
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York 10029, USA
| | - Jameel Iqbal
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York 10029, USA
| | - Tony Yuen
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York 10029, USA
| | - Mone Zaidi
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York 10029, USA
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Long T, Yao JK, Li J, Kirshner ZZ, Nelson D, Dougherty GG, Gibbs RB. Estradiol and selective estrogen receptor agonists differentially affect brain monoamines and amino acids levels in transitional and surgical menopausal rat models. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 496:110533. [PMID: 31394142 PMCID: PMC6717664 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.110533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Estrogens have many beneficial effects in the brain. Previously, we evaluated the effects of two models of menopause (surgical vs. transitional) on multiple monoaminergic endpoints in different regions of the adult rat brain in comparison with levels in gonadally intact rats. Here we evaluated the effects of estrogen receptor (ER) agonist treatments in these same two models of menopause. Neurochemical endpoints were evaluated in the hippocampus (HPC), frontal cortex (FCX), and striatum (STR) of adult ovariectomized (OVX) rats and in rats that underwent selective and gradual ovarian follicle depletion by daily injection of 4-vinylcyclohexene-diepoxide (VCD), after 1- and 6-weeks treatment with 17β-estradiol (E2), or with selective ERα (PPT), ERβ (DPN), or GPR30 (G-1) agonists. Endpoints included serotonin (5-HT) and 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid, dopamine (DA), 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and homovanillic acid, norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine, as well as the amino acids tryptophan (TRP) and tyrosine (TYR). Significant differences between the models were detected. OVX rats were much more sensitive to ER agonist treatments than VCD-treated rats. Significant differences between brain regions also were detected. Within OVX rats, more agonist effects were detected in the HPC than in any other region. One interesting finding was the substantial decrease in TRP and TYR detected in the HPC and FCX in response to agonist treatments, particularly in OVX rats. This is on top of the substantial decreases in TRP and TYR previously reported one week after OVX or VCD-treatments in comparison with gonadally intact controls. Other interesting findings included increases in the levels of 5-HT, DA, and NE in the HPC of OVX rats treated with DPN, increases in DA detected in the FCX of OVX rats treated with any of the ER agonists, and increases in 5-HT and DA detected in the STR of OVX rats treated with E2. Many effects that were observed after 1-week of treatment were no longer observed after 6-weeks of treatment, demonstrating that effects were temporary despite continued agonist treatment. Collectively, the results demonstrate significant differences in the effects of ER agonists on monoaminergic endpoints in OVX vs. VCD-treated rats that also were brain region-specific and time dependent. The fact that agonist treatments had lesser effects in VCD treated rats than in OVX rats may help to explain reports of lesser effects of estrogen replacement on cognitive performance in women that have undergone transitional vs. surgical menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Long
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA; Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Medical Research Service, Pittsburgh, PA, 15240, USA
| | - Jeffrey K Yao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA; Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Medical Research Service, Pittsburgh, PA, 15240, USA
| | - Junyi Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Ziv Z Kirshner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Doug Nelson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - George G Dougherty
- Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Medical Research Service, Pittsburgh, PA, 15240, USA
| | - Robert B Gibbs
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
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Galvão-Moreira LV, Nascimento ACB, D'Albuquerque IMSC, Sousa MAS, Brito HO, Nascimento MDDSB, da Costa Chein MB, Brito LMO. Hormonal, metabolic and inflammatory circulating biomarker profiles in obese and non-obese Brazilian middle-aged women. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222239. [PMID: 31509577 PMCID: PMC6738638 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate circulating hormonal, metabolic and inflammatory biomarker profiles in obese and non-obese middle-aged women. METHODS A total of 110 women, aged 40-60 years, were included in this cross-sectional study. Patients were allocated, according to the occurrence of menopause and body mass index (BMI), into four groups: PM0 (premenopausal non-obese), PM1 (premenopausal obese), M0 (postmenopausal non-obese), and M1 (postmenopausal obese). Serum levels of gonadotropins, sex hormones, lipid markers, leptin, hs-CRP and interleukin-6 were obtained using either colorimetric or immunoenzymatic assays. Univariate and correlation analyses were performed among all clinical and laboratorial parameters. Principal component analysis was used to characterize subsets of biomarkers, which had their discriminatory capacity tested using discriminant function analysis. RESULTS Levels of gonadotropins and female sex hormones were similar between PM0 and PM1 and between M0 and M1 (p > 0.05), all of them varied between PM0 and M0 (p < 0.05), but only estradiol was significantly altered in the comparison between PM1 and M1 (p = 0.027). Regarding metabolic markers, leptin was lower in PM0 than in M0 (p = 0.010) and higher in M1 than in M0 (p = 0.046). In premenopausal women, BMI correlated only to leptin, while it correlated to several other markers in postmenopausal women. A combination of FSH and leptin serum levels significantly discriminated the four groups (Wilks's lambda < 0.001, in canonical functions 1 and 2). CONCLUSION A combined analysis of hormonal biomarkers may potentially distinguish obese from non-obese women with distinct menopause status. Further research is thus required to clarify the clinical significance of such findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Haissa Oliveira Brito
- Postgraduate Program in Adult Health, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
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Abstract
Women undergo developmental and cyclic changes in hormonal exposures that affect brain function and mental health. Some women are more vulnerable to the effects of these hormonal exposures, for reasons that remain to be determined. Evidence to date indicates that anxiety and mood disorders are the most sensitive to hormonal fluctuations in women but there is also growing evidence for a protective effect of female reproductive hormones on schizophrenia. The hormonal exposures of the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, the postpartum period, lactation, and menopause are quite different and may be associated with at least partially distinct symptom profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Altemus
- VA Connecticut Health Care System, Women's Clinic, Building 2, Room 7-165, 950 Campbell Avenue, New Haven, CT 06516, USA.
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Estradiol/progesterone (Bijuva) for menopausal vasomotor symptoms. Med Lett Drugs Ther 2019; 61:99-101. [PMID: 31381541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
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Savukoski S, Mäkelä H, Auvinen J, Jokelainen J, Puukka K, Ebeling T, Suvanto E, Niinimäki M. Climacteric Status at the Age of 46: Impact on Metabolic Outcomes in Population-Based Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:2701-2711. [PMID: 30753521 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-02025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Menopausal transition is associated with increased cardiovascular risks. Available data on the effect of earlier climacterium on these risks are limited. OBJECTIVE To compare cardiovascular risk-associated parameters at the ages of 14, 31, and 46 in relation to climacteric status at the age of 46. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A prospective cohort study including 2685 women from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Follicle-stimulating hormone, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), blood pressure (BP), body composition, cholesterol levels, testosterone (T) levels, free androgen index (FAI), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and liver enzymes. RESULTS Women who were climacteric at the age of 46 had lower BMIs (P = 0.029), T levels (P = 0.018), and FAIs (P = 0.009) at the age of 31. At the age of 46, they had less skeletal muscle (P < 0.001), a higher fat percentage (P = 0.016), higher cholesterol levels [total cholesterol (P < 0.001), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P < 0.001), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C; P = 0.022), and triglycerides (P = 0.008)], and higher alanine aminotransferase (P = 0.023) and γ-glutamyltransferase (P < 0.001) levels compared with preclimacteric women. Waist circumference, WHR, BP, and hs-CRP levels did not differ between the groups. Of the climacteric women, 111/381 were using hormone-replacement therapy (HRT). In subanalysis that excluded the HRT users, triglycerides, HDL-C, and body fat percentage did not differ among the groups. CONCLUSIONS Earlier climacterium is associated with mainly unfavorable metabolic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Savukoski
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, PEDEGO Research Unit, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Centre Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Hannele Mäkelä
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, PEDEGO Research Unit, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Centre Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Juha Auvinen
- Medical Research Centre Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Centre for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Oulunkaari Health Centre, Ii, Finland
| | - Jari Jokelainen
- Unit of General Practice, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Centre for Life Course Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Katri Puukka
- Medical Research Centre Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- NordLab Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tapani Ebeling
- Medical Research Centre Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Eila Suvanto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, PEDEGO Research Unit, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Centre Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Maarit Niinimäki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, PEDEGO Research Unit, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Centre Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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Uchida Y, Ueshima K, Kano K, Minami M, Mizukami Y, Morimoto K. Correlations between "hie-sho" interview score and progesterone, fat intake, and Kupperman index in pre- and post-menopausal women: a pilot study. J Physiol Sci 2019; 69:673-681. [PMID: 31062233 PMCID: PMC10717765 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-019-00680-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Japanese menopausal women who feel cold, even in a warm room, are said to be experiencing "hie-sho." We assessed the magnitude of coldness by a "hie-sho" interview score. The association between the magnitude of coldness and female hormones, fat intake, and menopausal symptoms is unknown. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the relationship between the hie-sho interview scores and female hormones, fat intake, Kupperman index in pre- (pre group) and post- (post group) menopausal women. The hie-sho interview scores, Kupperman index questionnaire results, dietary survey to analyze fat intake, and body weight were analyzed, and plasma estradiol, progesterone, and lipid levels were measured in the subjects in the pre (n = 9) and post (n = 11) groups. Plasma female hormones and fat intake were different, but the total Kupperman index was not different between pre and post groups. Plasma progesterone was positively correlated with the hie-sho score only in the post group. Plasma triglyceride was positively correlated with the hie-sho score only in the pre group. Intake of cholesterol, arachidonic acid, and docosapentaenoic acid was negatively correlated with the hie-sho score only in the pre group. The positive correlation between total Kupperman index and hie-sho score was observed only in the pre group. These results indicated that progesterone level was related to coldness in post-menopausal women. Fat intake, plasma triglyceride, and menopausal symptoms may be related to coldness in pre-menopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Uchida
- Women's Environmental Science Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Human Life and Environment, Nara Women's University, Kita-uoya Nishimachi, Nara, Nara, 630-8506, Japan.
| | - Kyoko Ueshima
- Faculty of Human Life and Environment, Nara Women's University, Kita-uoya Nishimachi, Nara, Nara, 630-8506, Japan
| | - Koko Kano
- Faculty of Human Life and Environment, Nara Women's University, Kita-uoya Nishimachi, Nara, Nara, 630-8506, Japan
| | - Mayuko Minami
- Faculty of Human Life and Environment, Nara Women's University, Kita-uoya Nishimachi, Nara, Nara, 630-8506, Japan
| | - Yuri Mizukami
- Faculty of Human Life and Environment, Nara Women's University, Kita-uoya Nishimachi, Nara, Nara, 630-8506, Japan
| | - Keiko Morimoto
- Faculty of Human Life and Environment, Nara Women's University, Kita-uoya Nishimachi, Nara, Nara, 630-8506, Japan
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Tang H, Wang S, Li X, Zou T, Huang X, Zhang W, Chen Y, Yang C, Pan Q, Liu HF. Prospects of and limitations to the clinical applications of genistein. Discov Med 2019; 27:177-188. [PMID: 31361980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Genistein is an isoflavone derived from soy-rich products, which is known to exhibit several beneficial biological effects, such as anti-tumor activity, improvement of glucose metabolism, and reduction of the frequency of peri-menopausal hot flashes, and thus has potential for clinical application. Certain limitations and side effects, such as low bioavailability, biological estrogenic activity, and detrimental effects on thyroid function, have restricted its clinical applications to some extent. Recently, it has been reported that fermentation, use of micromicelles, and modification of its chemical structure can enhance the bioavailability of genistein. Moreover, the modification of its molecular structure may also eliminate its biological estrogenic activity and adverse effects on thyroid function. In this review, we summarize the clinical application prospects and limitations of genistein, as well as the plausible solutions to overcome its low bioavailability, phytoestrogenic activity, and adverse effects on thyroid function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoxuan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
| | - Shujun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
| | - Ting Zou
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
| | - Xijie Huang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
| | - Weihuang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
| | - Yanse Chen
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
| | - Chen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
| | - Qingjun Pan
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
| | - Hua-Feng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
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Rostami Dovom M, Moslehi N, Mirmiran P, Azizi F, Ramezani Tehrani F. Habitual dietary lactose and galactose intakes in association with age at menopause in non-galactosemic women. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214067. [PMID: 30889195 PMCID: PMC6424482 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Rodent models and studies on women with galactosemia suggest the ovo-toxicity effect of galactose. However, the association between galactose intake from dietary sources and the ovarian function in women without galactosemia has not yet been described. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the associations between both dietary galactose and lactose intake, and ovarian dysfunction as the odds of early menopause in women without galactosemia. Materials and methods This cross-sectional study was conducted on 821 women without galactosemia, participants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS), who experienced natural menopause. Habitual dietary intakes of lactose and galactose during the past 12 month were assessed, using a food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ). In this study, early menopause was defined as natural menopause before the age of 45 years. Results Mean- and menopausal age of women were reported as 59.3±7.94 and 48.6±4.81 years, respectively. No statistically significant linear association was observed between the daily intakes of lactose and galactose and the odds of early menopause. After adjusting for age, energy intake, and age at menarche, women in the middle tertiles of lactose (62%, 95%CI: 1.07, 2.46) and galactose (58%, 95% CI: 1.05, 2.39) intake had significantly higher odds of early menopause, than those in the first tertile. When the daily intake of lactose and galactose were expressed as the percentage of energy intake, the higher odds of early menopause among women in the middle tertile compared to those with the first tertile were reduced and became non-significant. Conclusion No statistically significant linear associations were reported between the intake of lactose and galactose and age of menopause. However, the odds of early menopause in those women with the middle tertile of lactose and galactose intake were significantly higher than those women in the first tertile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Rostami Dovom
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazanin Moslehi
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- * E-mail: (PM); (FRT)
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Ramezani Tehrani
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- * E-mail: (PM); (FRT)
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Hayashi M, Nakashima T, Yoshimura N, Okamoto K, Tanaka S, Takayanagi H. Autoregulation of Osteocyte Sema3A Orchestrates Estrogen Action and Counteracts Bone Aging. Cell Metab 2019; 29:627-637.e5. [PMID: 30661929 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Osteocyte survival is key to bone homeostasis and is perturbed in menopause and aging. However, it remains unknown how osteocyte-mediated maintenance of the skeleton is regulated by the osteoprotective factor semaphorin 3A (Sema3A), a secreted protein that is known to reduce bone resorption and enhance bone formation. Here, we show that estrogen induces osteocyte expression of Sema3A, which acts on its receptor on osteocytes to promote their survival and maintain bone homeostasis. Postnatal global and conditional deletion of Sema3a in osteoblastic cells resulted in a severe osteoporotic phenotype marked by fewer osteocytes. This phenotype was recapitulated by osteocyte-specific deficiency of either Sema3A or its receptor component neuropilin-1 (Nrp1). A stimulator of soluble guanylate cyclase-cGMP signaling mimicked Sema3A action and ameliorated bone loss after ovariectomy. We further show that serum levels of SEMA3A decreased with age or after menopause in humans. Thus, we provide a mechanistic insight into the estrogen action and a promising therapeutic approach to protect against bone-related aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikihito Hayashi
- Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Tomoki Nakashima
- Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Tokyo 113-8549, Japan.
| | - Noriko Yoshimura
- Department of Joint Disease Research, 22nd Century Medical and Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kazuo Okamoto
- Department of Osteoimmunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Sakae Tanaka
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takayanagi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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