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Xu Z, Ruan X, Xu X, Yang Y, Cheng J, Luo S, Min M, Li M, Zhang L, Ju R, Jin F, Mueck AO. Efficacy and safety of Zi Gui Nv Zhen ® capsules used in TCM for fertility preservation in patients with diminished ovarian reserve. Gynecol Endocrinol 2022; 38:73-77. [PMID: 34308735 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2021.1957095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate for the first time whether Zi Gui Nv Zhen® capsules (ZGNZC), until now used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for menopausal complaints, can increase the fertility of Chinese women with diminished ovarian reserve (DOR). METHODS Prospective, randomized, open-labeled 3-monthly study; 109 DOR patients (aged 20-40 years) receiving either ZGNZC (experimental group, n = 75) or not (control group, n = 34). Main outcomes: markers for ovarian function, thickness/type of the endometrium during ovulation, and pregnancy rate. Between-group analysis (A) comparing experimental vs. control group and within-group analysis (B) comparing data at baseline and after study in each of both groups. RESULTS (A) Between-group-analysis: patients with ZGNZC had a higher endometrium thickness (0.75 vs. 0.62; p<.05) and higher anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH, 0.50 vs. 0.40; p<.05) than control group. Pregnancy rates were higher in the experimental than the control group (26.7% vs. 14.7%; n.s.). (B) Within-group-analysis: ZGNZC decreased levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH, 11.42 vs. 8.69), increased estradiol-levels (E2, 56.09 vs. 73.36), and type A endometrium rates (5.3% vs. 39.7%) (all p< .05) and increased antral follicle count (AFC, 2 vs. 3). All hepato-renal biomarkers remained within the norm. The tolerability was good. There were no adverse events. CONCLUSIONS In women with DOR who wish to conceive, three months' application of ZGNZC can improve ovarian function and oocyte quality by adjusting the neuroendocrine system, can improve endometrial properties and proliferation, necessary for a healthy pregnancy, and increased the clinical pregnancy rate in our prospective randomized observational study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongting Xu
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyan Ruan
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Women's Health, Research Centre for Women's Health and University Women's Hospital of Tuebingen, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Yang
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaojiao Cheng
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Suiyu Luo
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Min Min
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Luping Zhang
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Ju
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fengyu Jin
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Alfred Otto Mueck
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Women's Health, Research Centre for Women's Health and University Women's Hospital of Tuebingen, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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Pingarrón C, Lafuente P, Poyo Torcal S, López Verdú H, Martínez García MS, Palacios S. Vaginal health, endometrial thickness and changes in bone markers in postmenopausal women after 6 months of treatment with ospemifene in real clinical practice. Gynecol Endocrinol 2022; 38:78-82. [PMID: 34463164 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2021.1970740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess vaginal health, endometrial thickness, and changes in bone markers in postmenopausal women with vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA) treated with 60 mg/day of ospemifene under routine clinical practice. METHODS The AYSEX study is a Spanish observational and prospective study performed in one center in which 5 gynecologists recruited postmenopausal women with VVA in routine clinical practice treated continuously with ospemifene 60 mg/day for 12 months as an appropriate therapeutic option. This article refers to the 3- and 6-months analysis. Vaginal health was assessed by pH and using Vaginal Health Index (VHI) at baseline and 3 months later. Endometrial thickness, measured by vaginal ultrasonography, and bone resorption marker (CTx) were assessed at baseline and 6 months later. RESULTS A total of 100 postmenopausal women cytologically and clinically diagnosed with VVA were included in the study. After 3 months of treatment with ospemifene, pH improved from 6.1 to 4.5 (p < .0001), and VHI improved from 10 to 19 points (p < .0001). The percentage of patients with VVA according to VHI decreased from 100% to 5.2% (p < .0001). After 6 months, mean CTx levels decreased from 0.42 pg/ml at baseline to 0.37 pg/ml 6 months later (p = .0018), and mean endometrial thickness changed from 2.24 to 2.15 mm (p = .6066). CONCLUSIONS Up to date, this is the only prospective and observational study with ospemifene in routine clinical practice conditions and confirms the results previously reported from randomized controlled clinical trials, improving VVA, not increasing endometrial thickness, and decreasing CTx levels by exerting an anti-resorptive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Pingarrón
- Hospital Quironsalud San Jose, Ginecología, Calle de Cartagena, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Santiago Palacios
- Instituto Palacios de Salud y Medicina de la Mujer, Instituto Palacios de Salud y Medicina de la Mujer, Madrid, Spain
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Shalom-Paz E, Atia N, Atzmon Y, Hallak M, Shrim A. The effect of endometrial thickness and pattern on the success of frozen embryo transfer cycles and gestational age accuracy. Gynecol Endocrinol 2021; 37:428-432. [PMID: 32945210 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2020.1821359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the relationship between endometrial thickness measured before embryo transfer, and pregnancy outcomes in frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET). METHODS We retrospectively analyzed outcomes of all consecutive FET cycles, from January 2012 to August 2018. Based on ROC analysis for endometrial thickness, we found 8 mm was a reliable cutoff point to predict pregnancy prior to embryo transfer. Accordingly, the cycles were divided into Group A: cycles with endometrial thickness ≤ 8 mm and Group B: > 8 mm. RESULTS Group A included 485 FET cycles and group B included 626 cycles. Compared with group A, Group B had significantly higher chemical and clinical pregnancy rates (30.3 vs. 24.6%; p = .046, and 24.0 vs. 18.6%; p = .036), respectively. In multivariate analysis, endometrial thickness and the protocols used were the only parameters influencing the chance to achieve pregnancy, with odds ratio 1.54 (95%CI 1.07-2.22, p = .019) for the endometrium and odds ratio 1.95 (95%CI 1.31-2.9; p = .001) to the protocol used. Endometrial thickness might predict crown-rump length (CRL) discordancy with odds ratio 4.61 (p = .001; 95% CI 1.42-14.92). Compared with group B, Group A had more cases of overt discordancy (13.3 vs. 4%; p = .016). CONCLUSIONS For patients undergoing FET cycles, endometrial thickness and treatment protocol may predict the chemical and clinical pregnancy rates, as well as CRL discordancy. SUMMARY Endometrial thickness and preparation improved pregnancy rate in FET cycles and significantly greater crown-rump length discordancy was observed with thinner endometria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Einat Shalom-Paz
- IVF Unit and Ultrasound Unit, Obstetric Gynecology Department, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel
- Affiliated to Ruth and Bruce Rappaport School of Medicine, Haifa, Israel
| | - Nitzan Atia
- IVF Unit and Ultrasound Unit, Obstetric Gynecology Department, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel
- Affiliated to Ruth and Bruce Rappaport School of Medicine, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yuval Atzmon
- IVF Unit and Ultrasound Unit, Obstetric Gynecology Department, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel
- Affiliated to Ruth and Bruce Rappaport School of Medicine, Haifa, Israel
| | - Mordechai Hallak
- IVF Unit and Ultrasound Unit, Obstetric Gynecology Department, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel
- Affiliated to Ruth and Bruce Rappaport School of Medicine, Haifa, Israel
| | - Alon Shrim
- IVF Unit and Ultrasound Unit, Obstetric Gynecology Department, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel
- Affiliated to Ruth and Bruce Rappaport School of Medicine, Haifa, Israel
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Liu R, Bai S, Jiang X, Luo L, Tong X, Zheng S, Wang Y, Xu B. Multifactor Prediction of Embryo Transfer Outcomes Based on a Machine Learning Algorithm. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:745039. [PMID: 34795639 PMCID: PMC8593232 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.745039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) technology make it possible for infertile couples to conceive a baby successfully. Nevertheless, IVF-ET does not guarantee success. Frozen embryo transfer (FET) is an important supplement to IVF-ET. Many factors are correlated with the outcome of FET which is unpredictable. Machine learning is a field of study that predict various outcomes by defining data attributes and using relevant data and calculation algorithms. Machine learning algorithm has been widely used in clinical research. The present study focuses on making predictions of early pregnancy outcomes in FET through clinical characters, including age, body mass index (BMI), endometrial thickness (EMT) on the day of progesterone treatment, good-quality embryo rate (GQR), and type of infertility (primary or secondary), serum estradiol level (E2) on the day of embryo transfer, and serum progesterone level (P) on the day of embryo transfer. We applied four representative machine learning algorithms, including logistic regression (LR), conditional inference tree, random forest (RF) and support vector machine (SVM) to build prediction models and identify the predictive factors. We found no significant difference among the models in the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive rate, negative predictive rate or accuracy in predicting the pregnancy outcome of FET. For example, the positive/negative predictive rate of the SVM (gamma = 1, cost = 100, 10-fold cross validation) is 0.56 and 0.55. This approach could provide a reference for couples considering FET. The prediction accuracy of the present study is limited, which suggests that there may be some other more effective predictors to be developed in future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Liu
- Reproductive and Genetic Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Shun Bai
- Reproductive and Genetic Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Reproductive and Genetic Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Lihua Luo
- Reproductive and Genetic Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xianhong Tong
- Reproductive and Genetic Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Shengxia Zheng
- Reproductive and Genetic Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Ying Wang, ; Bo Xu,
| | - Bo Xu
- Reproductive and Genetic Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Ying Wang, ; Bo Xu,
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Xu J, Zhang S, Jin L, Mao Y, Shi J, Huang R, Han X, Liang X, Zhang C. The Effects of Endometrial Thickness on Pregnancy Outcomes of Fresh IVF/ICSI Embryo Transfer Cycles: An Analysis of Over 40,000 Cycles Among Five Reproductive Centers in China. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:788706. [PMID: 35140680 PMCID: PMC8818785 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.788706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of endometrial thickness (EMT) on pregnancy outcomes on hCG trigger day in fresh in vitro fertilization (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles. METHODS A total of 42,132 fresh cycles between 1 January 2013 and 31 December 2019 were included in this retrospective cohort study. Data were collected from five reproductive centers of large academic or university hospitals in China. All patients were divided into different groups according to their endometrial thickness on hCG trigger day. Multivariate regression analysis, curve fitting and threshold effect analysis were performed. RESULTS After adjusting for age, body mass index, infertility type, number of embryos transferred, number of retrieved oocytes and COS (controlled ovarian stimulation) protocols, significant associations were found between endometrial thickness and clinical pregnancy rate (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.05; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06-1.08, P < 0.0001), live birth rate (aOR: 1.04; 95% CI: 1.03-1.05, P < 0.0001) as well as miscarriage rate(aOR: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.94 - 0.98, P < 0.0001). When the endometrial thickness was less than 12mm, the clinical pregnancy rate and live birth rate were increased significantly by 10% and 9%(OR:1.10; 95%CI: 1.08-1.12, OR:1.09; 95%CI: 1.07-1.11), respectively, along with the increase of each millimeter increment of endometrial thickness. However, when the EMT ranged from 12-15 mm, were stable at the ideal level, that were not significantly associated with EMT growth. Additionally, clinical pregnancy rate and live birth rate were slightly reduced by 6% and 4% when EMT was ≥15mm. Meanwhile, the miscarriage rate was significantly declined by 8% (OR:0.92; 95%CI: 0.90-0.95)with each millimeter increment of EMT. And when EMT was thicker than 12mm, the miscarriage rate didn't change any more significantly. CONCLUSIONS Endometrial thickness exhibits a curvilinear relationship with pregnancy outcomes in fresh embryo transfer cycles. Clinical pregnancy rate, live birth rate and miscarriage rate may achieve their optimal level when EMT ≥ 12 mm, but some adverse pregnancy outcomes would be observed when EMT ≥15 mm especially for clinical pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Xu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shaodi Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lei Jin
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yundong Mao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Jiangsu Provincial Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Juanzi Shi
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Northwest Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - Rui Huang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Han
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoyan Liang, ; Cuilian Zhang,
| | - Cuilian Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoyan Liang, ; Cuilian Zhang,
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Shaodi Z, Qiuyuan L, Yisha Y, Cuilian Z. The effect of endometrial thickness on pregnancy outcomes of frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles which underwent hormone replacement therapy. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239120. [PMID: 32970718 PMCID: PMC7513995 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the impact of endometrial thickness on the embryo transfer(ET) day on the clinical pregnancy outcomes of frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles which have undergone hormone replacement therapy(HRT-FET). Methods A total of 10,165 HRT-FET cycles performed between January 2013 to December 2017 in the Reproductive Medicine Center of Henan Provincial People’s Hospital were studied retrospectively. All patients were grouped according to their endometrial thickness on the ET day (each group having an increment of 1mm between two neighboring groups). Multivariate regression analysis, curve fitting and threshold effect analysis were performed on all data. Results After adjusting for the age, duration of infertility, body mass index(BMI), infertility type and number and type of embryos transferred, a significant correlation was observed to be between the endometrial thickness and implantation rates (aOR: 1.08; 95% CI: 1.06–1.10, p < 0.0001), clinical pregnancy rate(aOR: 1.10; 95% CI: 1.07–1.14, p < 0.0001)and live birth rate (aOR: 1.09; 95% CI: 1.06–1.12, p < 0.0001). The numerical value of the cut-off point for the endometrial thickness was 8.7 mm. When the endometrial thickness was less than 8.7 mm, with each additional 1 mm of endometrial thickness, the implantation rate increased by 32%, the clinical pregnancy rate increased by 36%, and the live birth rate increased by 45%. Conclusions In the HRT-FET cycles, the optimal live birth rate would be obtained when the endometrial thickness remains within the range of 8.7–14.5 mm. If the endometrium is too thin or too thick, the live birth rate will be reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Shaodi
- Reproductive Medical Center, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital (People’s Hospital of Henan University, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University), Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
| | - Li Qiuyuan
- Reproductive Medical Center, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital (People’s Hospital of Henan University, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University), Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yin Yisha
- Reproductive Medical Center, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital (People’s Hospital of Henan University, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University), Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhang Cuilian
- Reproductive Medical Center, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital (People’s Hospital of Henan University, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University), Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People’s Republic of China
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Li Y, Li XF, Liao JN, Fan XX, Hu YB, Gan R, Lu G, Lin G, Gong F. Clinical value of histologic endometrial dating for personalized frozen-thawed embryo transfer in patients with repeated implantation failure in natural cycles. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2020; 20:527. [PMID: 32917168 PMCID: PMC7488450 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-020-03217-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Displacement of the window of implantation (WOI) has been proposed as an important factor contributing to repeated implantation failure (RIF). However, the use of histologic endometrial dating as a diagnostic tool of endometrial receptivity has been questioned. METHODS This study is a prospective intervention trial that enrolled 205 infertile patients from July 2017 to December 2017. Endometrial biopsies from 50 patients with good prognoses were conducted on day 3 (n = 6), 5 (n = 6), 7 (n = 26), 9 (n = 6), or 11 (n = 6) post-ovulation (PO + 3/5/7/9/11) of the previous natural cycle before their conventional frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) cycle. We conducted endometrial biopsies for 155 RIF patients on day PO + 7. RESULTS The verification of the Noyes criteria for endometrial dating was conducted at different times (PO + 3/+ 5/+ 7/+ 9/+ 11) on 41 patients with good prognoses who achieved an ongoing pregnancy in their first conventional FET cycle after endometrial biopsy. The agreement between two pathologists determining endometrial biopsy dating results in infertile patients was determined to be acceptable (weighted kappa = 0.672, P < 0.001). The rate of out-of-phase dating on day PO + 7 was significantly higher in RIF patients than in good- prognosis patients (31.6% vs. 3.8%, P = 0.003). pFET was performed in 47 RIF patients diagnosed to be out of phase, and the cumulative live-birth rate was 61.7%. CONCLUSIONS Histologic endometrial dating of RIF patients in natural cycles may be a biomarker for a receptive endometrium in diagnosing WOI displacement. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT03312309 Registered 17 October 2017. NCT03222830 Registered 19 July 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- Institute of Reproduction and Stem Cell Engineering, Basic Medicine College, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-XIANGYA, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Reproductive Engineering, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao Feng Li
- Institute of Reproduction and Stem Cell Engineering, Basic Medicine College, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-XIANGYA, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Nan Liao
- Institute of Reproduction and Stem Cell Engineering, Basic Medicine College, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Reproductive Engineering, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Changsha, China
| | - Xiang Xiu Fan
- Institute of Reproduction and Stem Cell Engineering, Basic Medicine College, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Reproductive Engineering, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Changsha, China
| | - Yong Bin Hu
- Department of Pathology, Xiang Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Runxin Gan
- Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-XIANGYA, Changsha, China
| | - Guangxiu Lu
- Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-XIANGYA, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Reproductive Engineering, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Changsha, China
| | - Ge Lin
- Institute of Reproduction and Stem Cell Engineering, Basic Medicine College, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-XIANGYA, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Reproductive Engineering, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Changsha, China
| | - Fei Gong
- Institute of Reproduction and Stem Cell Engineering, Basic Medicine College, Central South University, Changsha, China.
- Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-XIANGYA, Changsha, China.
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Reproductive Engineering, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Changsha, China.
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Abstract
The uterine luminal epithelium (LE) is the first maternal contact for an implanting embryo. Intrauterine fluid resorption, cessation of LE proliferation and apoptosis, and LE structural changes are prerequisites for establishing transient uterine receptivity for embryo implantation. Vesicle trafficking in the LE and receptor-mediated paracrine and autocrine mechanisms are crucial both for LE preparation and LE communications with the embryo and stroma during the initiation of embryo implantation. This review mainly covers recent in vivo studies in LE of mouse models from 0.5 days post-coitus (D0.5) to ∼D4 20 h when the trophoblasts pass through the LE layer for embryo implantation. The review is organized into three interconnected sections: preimplantation LE preparation for embryo attachment, embryo-LE communications, and LE-stroma communications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Ye
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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Boynukalin FK, Gultomruk M, Turgut E, Demir B, Findikli N, Serdarogullari M, Coban O, Yarkiner Z, Bahceci M. Measuring the serum progesterone level on the day of transfer can be an additional tool to maximize ongoing pregnancies in single euploid frozen blastocyst transfers. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2019; 17:102. [PMID: 31783865 PMCID: PMC6884867 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-019-0549-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometrial preparation with hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is the preferred regimen for clinicians due to the opportunity to schedule the day of embryo transfer and for patients due to the requirement of fewer visits for frozen-warmed embryo transfers (FET). The increasing number of FETs raises the question of the serum P levels required to optimize the pregnancy outcome on the embryo transfer day. METHODS This prospective cohort study includes patients who underwent single euploid FET. All patients received HRT with oestradiol valerate (EV) and 100 mg of intramuscular (IM) progesterone (P). FET was scheduled 117-120 h after the first IM administration of 100 mg P. The serum P level was analyzed 1 h before the embryo transfer (ET). In all cycles, only embryos that were biopsied on day 5 were utilized for FET. Next generation sequencing (NGS) was used for comprehensive chromosomal analysis. RESULTS Overall, the ongoing pregnancy rate (OPR) was 58.9% (99/168). Data were then categorized according to the presence (Group I; n = 99) or the absence (Group II; n = 69) of an ongoing pregnancy. No significant differences regarding, female age, body mass index (BMI), number of previous miscarriages, number of previous live birth, sperm concentration, number of oocytes retrieved, number of mature oocytes (MII), rate of fertilized oocytes with two pronuclei (2PN), trophectoderm score, inner cell mass (ICM) score, endometrial thickness (mm), oestrodiol (E2) and P levels prior to IM P administration were found between two groups. The P levels on the day of ET (ng/ml) were significantly higher in Group I (28 (5.6-76.4) vs 16.4 (7.4-60) p = 0.039). The P level on the day of ET was a predictor of a higher OPR (p < 0.001 OR: 1.033 95%CI [1.009-1.056]) after multivariate analysis. The ROC curve showed a significant predictive value of serum P levels on the day of ET for OPR, with an AUC (95%CI) = 0.716 (0.637-0.795). The optimal cut-off value for prediction of the OPR was a P level of 20.6 ng/ml (71.7% sensitivity, 56.5% specificity). CONCLUSIONS The present study suggests a minimum threshold of the serum P value on the day of ET that needs to be reached in HRT cycles to optimize the clinical outcome. Individualization of the P dosage should be evaluated in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meral Gultomruk
- Bahceci Health Group, Hakki Yeten Cad. No: 11 Terrace Fulya, Fulya, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emre Turgut
- Bahceci Health Group, Hakki Yeten Cad. No: 11 Terrace Fulya, Fulya, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Berfu Demir
- Bahceci Health Group, Hakki Yeten Cad. No: 11 Terrace Fulya, Fulya, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Necati Findikli
- Bahceci Health Group, Hakki Yeten Cad. No: 11 Terrace Fulya, Fulya, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Onder Coban
- Bahceci Health Group, Hakki Yeten Cad. No: 11 Terrace Fulya, Fulya, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zalihe Yarkiner
- Department of Statistics, Cyprus Science University, 99320 Dr. Fazil Kucuk Cad. Ozankoy, Kyrenia, Cyprus
| | - Mustafa Bahceci
- Bahceci Health Group, Hakki Yeten Cad. No: 11 Terrace Fulya, Fulya, Istanbul, Turkey
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Bu Z, Yang X, Song L, Kang B, Sun Y. The impact of endometrial thickness change after progesterone administration on pregnancy outcome in patients transferred with single frozen-thawed blastocyst. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2019; 17:99. [PMID: 31767010 PMCID: PMC6876076 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-019-0545-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to explore the impact of endometrial thickness change after progesterone administration on pregnancy outcome in patients transferred with single frozen-thawed blastocyst. METHODS This observational cohort study included a total of 3091 patients undergoing their first frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) cycles between April 2015 to March 2019. Endometrial thickness was measured by trans-vaginal ultrasound twice for each patient: on day of progesterone administration, and on day of embryo transfer. The change of endometrial thickness was recorded. RESULTS Regardless of endometrial preparation protocol (estrogen-progesterone/natural cycle), female age, body mass index (BMI), and infertility diagnosis were comparable between patients with an increasing endometrium on day of embryo transfer and those without. However, clinical pregnancy rate increases with increasing ratio of endometrial thickness. Compared with patients with Non-increase endometrium, those with an increasing endometrium on day of embryo transfer resulted in significantly higher clinical pregnancy rate (56.21% vs 47.13%, P = 0.00 in estrogen-progesterone cycle; 55.15% vs 49.55%, P = 0.00 in natural cycle). CONCLUSIONS In most patients, endometrial thickness on day of embryo transfer (after progesterone administration) increased or kept being stable compared with that on day of progesterone administration. An increased endometrium after progesterone administration was associated with better pregnancy outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqin Bu
- Reproductive Medical Center, Henan Province Key Laboratory for Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1# Jianshe East, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Xinhong Yang
- Reproductive Medical Center, Henan Province Key Laboratory for Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1# Jianshe East, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Lin Song
- Reproductive Medical Center, Henan Province Key Laboratory for Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1# Jianshe East, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Beijia Kang
- Reproductive Medical Center, Henan Province Key Laboratory for Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1# Jianshe East, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Yingpu Sun
- Reproductive Medical Center, Henan Province Key Laboratory for Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1# Jianshe East, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China.
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Zhang J, Liu H, Mao X, Chen Q, Si J, Fan Y, Xiao Y, Wang Y, Kuang Y. Effect of endometrial thickness on birthweight in frozen embryo transfer cycles: an analysis including 6181 singleton newborns. Hum Reprod 2019; 34:1707-1715. [PMID: 31398256 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dez103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Does endometrial thickness (EMT) have an impact on singleton birthweight in frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycles? SUMMARY ANSWER An EMT <8 mm was associated with a lower mean birthweight and gestational age- and gender-adjusted birthweight (Z-scores) of singletons resulting from FET. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Previous studies have examined the impact of EMT on IVF success rates. Little is known, however, regarding the relationship between EMT and neonatal birthweight. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This retrospective study involved singleton live births born to women undergoing frozen-thawed Day 3 embryo transfer during the period from January 2010 to December 2017 at a tertiary care centre. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS A total of 6181 women who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were included and were grouped into five groups depending on the EMT: <8 mm, 8-9.9 mm, 10-11.9 mm, 12-13.9 mm and ≥14 mm. EMT between 10 and 11.9 mm was taken as a reference group. Singleton birthweight was the primary outcome measure. A multivariable linear regression analysis was performed to detect a relationship between EMT and newborns' birthweight after controlling for a number of potential confounders. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE A modest but significant decrease in birthweight was observed in the EMT <8 mm group as compared with groups with EMT ≥10 mm, with a mean difference of 89-108 g. Also, singletons from the EMT <8 mm group (0.24 ± 1.04) had a significantly lower birthweight Z-scores than those from the EMT 10-11.9 mm (0.41 ± 1.02; P = 0.032) or EMT 12-13.9 mm (0.46 ± 1.07; P = 0.004) groups. Further, multiple linear regression analyses indicated that parental BMIs, gestational age, newborn gender, pregnancy complications and EMT <8 mm were all independent predictors of neonatal birthweight. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The present study was limited by its retrospective design. Future prospective studies are required to confirm our findings. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Our findings provided new insight into the relationship between EMT and neonatal outcomes by showing that a thin endometrium is associated with a decrease in singleton birthweight. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFC1003000); the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81771533, 81571397, 31770989, 81671520); the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2018M630456). The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Not applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200011, China
| | - Hongfang Liu
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200011, China
| | - Xiaoyan Mao
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200011, China
| | - Qiuju Chen
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200011, China
| | - JiQiang Si
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200011, China
| | - Yong Fan
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200011, China
| | - Yitao Xiao
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200011, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200011, China
| | - Yanping Kuang
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200011, China
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12
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Liu Y, Ye XY, Chan C. The association between endometrial thickness and pregnancy outcome in gonadotropin-stimulated intrauterine insemination cycles. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2019; 17:14. [PMID: 30674305 PMCID: PMC6345006 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-019-0455-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intrauterine insemination (IUI) is the first-line treatment for non-tubal infertility. Injectable gonadotropins are often chosen as adjunctive stimulation to promote the growth of ovarian follicles in IUI cycles. The growing follicles produce estrogen, which induces endometrial proliferation and increased endometrial stripe thickness (EST). The association between EST and pregnancy outcome in gonadotropin stimulated IUI is not well studied. The objective of this study is to determine if EST can predict pregnancy outcome in gonadotropin-stimulated IUI cycles. METHODS A retrospective review was conducted of all exclusively gonadotropin-stimulated IUI cycles performed between 2012 and 2015 at an academic fertility clinic. Mean endometrial thickness was compared in positive versus negative cycles using Student T-test. Peak EST values were then divided into four groups of < 7 mm, 7.0-10.4 mm, 10.5-13.9 mm, and ≥ 14 mm. Multiple logistic regression analysis adjusted for potential confounders was conducted to assess the impact of peak EST on cycle outcome. RESULTS Our sample consisted of 1065 IUI cycles representing 548 patients with a 16.9% clinical pregnancy rate and 20.5% conception rate. No significant differences in mean peak EST were observed between cycles that achieved clinical pregnancy or conception and those that did not. Division of peak EST into four groups showed a non-linear relationship between peak EST and cycle outcome, with highest rates of positive outcomes between 10.5-13.9 mm. The odds of clinical pregnancy and conception increased by 38 and 44% respectively with each subsequent peak EST category up to 10.5-13.9 mm, following which they declined. CONCLUSION This is the largest study to date evaluating the effect of peak EST on gonadotropin-stimulated IUI cycles exclusively. The lack of significant difference in peak EST between positive and negative outcomes cycles may be due to the non-linear relationship between cycle outcomes and peak EST. Peak EST in the range of 10.5-13.9 mm was associated with significantly higher conception rates and a trend towards higher clinical pregnancy rates. This non-linearity is likely one of the reasons that EST in isolation was found to be a poor predictor of IUI outcomes, and therefore is not appropriate to be used as the sole indicator for cycle cancellation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Liu
- 0000 0001 2157 2938grid.17063.33Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King’s College Circle Medical Sciences Building, Room 2109, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8 Canada
- 0000 0001 2157 2938grid.17063.33Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Toronto, 123 Edward St. Suite 1200, Toronto, ON M5G 1E2 Canada
| | - Xiang Y. Ye
- 0000 0004 0473 9881grid.416166.2Maternal Infant Care Research Centre, Mount Sinai Hospital , 700 University Ave, Toronto, ON M5G 1X6 Canada
| | - Crystal Chan
- 0000 0001 2157 2938grid.17063.33Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Toronto, 123 Edward St. Suite 1200, Toronto, ON M5G 1E2 Canada
- 0000 0004 0473 9881grid.416166.2Mount Sinai Fertility, Mount Sinai Hospital, 250 Dundas St W #700, Toronto, ON M5T 2Z5 Canada
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13
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Rehman R, Ashraf M, Jasmine A, Lal K, Alam F. Cytokines and endometrial receptivity after intracytoplasmic sperm injection - A cohort study at Islamabad. J PAK MED ASSOC 2018; 68:862-866. [PMID: 30325901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the role of tumour necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6 in conception after assisted reproductive treatment. METHODS The longitudinal cohort study was conducted from August 2014 to May 2015 and comprised patients undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection at the Islamabad Clinic Serving Infertile Couples, Islamabad, Pakistan. During the procedure, endometrial thickness was measured on the day of ovulation induction and serum tumour necrosis factor alpha along with interleukin-6 were measured on the embryo transfer day. Subjects were divided into groups, with non-pregnant females in Group A and those with confirmed foetal cardiac activity in Group B and non-pregnant females were divided into two groups. The difference between the groups and the association of cytokines with endometrial thickness were measured. . RESULTS Of the 131 subjects, 79(60%) were in Group A and 52(40%) in Group-B. The mean level of interleukin-6 was 49.65±3.04 in Group B and 104.14±76.03 in Group A, with significant inverse correlation with endometrial thickness (p<0.001). The level of tumour necrosis factor alpha were significantly higher in Group-B compared to Group-A (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS The pro-inflammatory cytokine, tumour necrosis factor alpha, takes part in preparation of endometrial lining for implantation of embryo in assisted reproductive treatment procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehana Rehman
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Mussarat Ashraf
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Faiza Alam
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan
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14
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Coelho Neto MA, Martins WP, Lima MLS, Barbosa MAP, Nastri CO, Ferriani RA, Navarro PA. Ovarian response is a better predictor of clinical pregnancy rate following embryo transfer than is thin endometrium or presence of an endometrioma. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2015; 46:501-505. [PMID: 25914103 DOI: 10.1002/uog.14884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine whether endometrial thickness and the presence of endometrioma are independent predictors of clinical pregnancy rate or simply associated with poor ovarian response (POR). METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study assessing the first cycle of all women undergoing in-vitro fertilization (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) in a university hospital in Brazil between January 2011 and December 2012. Only the first cycle of each woman within the study period was considered. Women over 40 years of age and those who used clomiphene citrate during controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) or did not undergo embryo transfer were excluded from analysis. POR was defined as ≤ three oocytes retrieved and a thin endometrium was defined as endometrial thickness ≤ 7.0 mm on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administration. We performed a multiple regression analysis to identify which of the following parameters were independent predictors of clinical pregnancy: age, number of oocytes retrieved, endometrial thickness or the presence of endometrioma. RESULTS Within the study period, 787 women began COS, but 270 were excluded from analysis. Among the 517 women analyzed, those who achieved pregnancy were younger and yielded more oocytes. The proportion of POR was higher in women with a thin endometrium (17/57 (29.8%) vs 80/460 (17.4%); P = 0.03) and in women with endometrioma (15/39 (38.5%) vs 82/478 (17.2%); P = 0.002). The results of regression analysis showed that only age and the number of oocytes retrieved were independent predictors of pregnancy. Additionally, we observed higher clinical pregnancy rates in women with a thin endometrium from whom ≥ seven oocytes were retrieved (11/25 (44.0%)) compared to women with normal endometrial thickness (99/241 (41.1%)). Considering only women from whom ≥ four oocytes were retrieved, we observed reasonable pregnancy rates in those with a thin endometrium (14/40 (35.0%)) and in those with endometrioma (9/24 (37.5%)). CONCLUSION Both a thin endometrium and the presence of endometrioma are associated with POR but are not important independent predictors of clinical pregnancy. Good pregnancy rates can be observed when these conditions are present in women with a good ovarian response.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Coelho Neto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo (DGO-FMRP-USP), Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - W P Martins
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo (DGO-FMRP-USP), Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - M L S Lima
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo (DGO-FMRP-USP), Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - M A P Barbosa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo (DGO-FMRP-USP), Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - C O Nastri
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo (DGO-FMRP-USP), Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - R A Ferriani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo (DGO-FMRP-USP), Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - P A Navarro
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo (DGO-FMRP-USP), Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
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15
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Samir C, Kurtek S, Srivastava A, Canis M. Elastic shape analysis of cylindrical surfaces for 3D/2D registration in endometrial tissue characterization. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 2014; 33:1035-1043. [PMID: 24770909 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2014.2300935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We study the problem of joint registration and deformation analysis of endometrial tissue using 3D magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and 2D trans-vaginal ultrasound (TVUS) measurements. In addition to the different imaging techniques involved in the two modalities, this problem is complicated due to: 1) different patient pose during MRI and TVUS observations, 2) the 3D nature of MRI and 2D nature of TVUS measurements, 3) the unknown intersecting plane for TVUS in MRI volume, and 4) the potential deformation of endometrial tissue during TVUS measurement process. Focusing on the shape of the tissue, we use expert manual segmentation of its boundaries in the two modalities and apply, with modification, recent developments in shape analysis of parametric surfaces to this problem. First, we extend the 2D TVUS curves to generalized cylindrical surfaces through replication, and then we compare them with MRI surfaces using elastic shape analysis. This shape analysis provides a simultaneous registration (optimal reparameterization) and deformation (geodesic) between any two parametrized surfaces. Specifically, it provides optimal curves on MRI surfaces that match with the original TVUS curves. This framework results in an accurate quantification and localization of the deformable endometrial cells for radiologists, and growth characterization for gynecologists and obstetricians. We present experimental results using semi-synthetic data and real data from patients to illustrate these ideas.
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16
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Neuhauser S, Handler J. Colour analysis of the equine endometrium: comparison of spectrophotometry and computer-assisted analysis of photographs within the L*a*b* colour space system. Vet J 2013; 197:753-60. [PMID: 23706376 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2012] [Revised: 04/14/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to compare two different methods of quantifying the colour of the luminal surface of the equine endometrium and to relate the results to histopathological evidence of inflammation and fibrosis. The mucosal surfaces of 17 equine uteri obtained from an abattoir were assessed using a spectrophotometer and by computer-assisted analysis of photographs. Values were converted into L(*)a(*)b(*) colour space. Although there was significant correlation between the two methods of quantification, variations in 'brightness', 'red' and 'yellow' values were noted. Within a given uterus, measurements using the spectrophotometer did not differ significantly. Using photographic analysis, brightness differed between horns, although no differences in chromaticity were found. Histopathological classification of changes within endometria corresponded to measured differences in colour. Extensive fibrosis was associated with increased brightness and decreased chromaticity using both methods. Inflammation correlated with reduced chromaticity, when measured by spectrophotometry, and with reduced brightness and yellow values, when assessed photographically. For this technique to gain wider acceptance as a diagnostic tool, e.g. for the endoscopic evaluation of uterine mucosae in vivo, standardised illumination techniques will be required so that colours can be compared and interpreted accurately.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Neuhauser
- Clinic for Horses, Equine Reproduction Unit, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany
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17
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Jimenez PT, Schon SB, Odem RR, Ratts VS, Jungheim ES. A retrospective cross-sectional study: fresh cycle endometrial thickness is a sensitive predictor of inadequate endometrial thickness in frozen embryo transfer cycles. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2013; 11:35. [PMID: 23663223 PMCID: PMC3656781 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-11-35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study is to assess predictors of inadequate endometrial cavity thickness (ECT), defined as < 8 mm, in frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycles. METHODS This is a retrospective cross-sectional study at an academic fertility center including 274 women who underwent their first endometrial preparation with estradiol for autologous FET in our center from 2001-2009. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to determine predictors of inadequate endometrial development in FET cycles. RESULTS Neither age nor duration of estrogen supplementation were associated with FET endometrial thickness. Lower body mass index, nulliparity, previous operative hysteroscopy and thinner fresh cycle endometrial lining were associated with inadequate endometrial thickness in FET cycles. A maximum thickness of 11.5 mm in a fresh cycle was 80% sensitive and 70% specific for inadequate frozen cycle thickness. CONCLUSIONS Previous fresh cycle endometrial cavity thickness is associated with subsequent FET cycle endometrial cavity thickness. Women with a fresh cycle thickness of 11.5 mm or less may require additional intervention to achieve adequate endometrial thickness in preparation for a frozen cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia T Jimenez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Samantha B Schon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Randall R Odem
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Valerie S Ratts
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Emily S Jungheim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
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18
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Francisco AMC, Carbonel AF, Simões RS, Soares JM, Baracat EC, Haidar MA. Do extracts of oral soybean augment the trophic effect of estrogen on the rat uterus? Climacteric 2013; 16:161-8. [PMID: 22762389 DOI: 10.3109/13697137.2012.679168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether soybean extracts and estrogens present additive effects on adult rat uterus. METHODS Fifty ovariectomized rats were randomly divided into five equal groups of ten animals: Control, treated with vehicle; SE46 and SE120, treated with 46 and 120 mg/kg soybean concentrated extract (SE), respectively; EE, treated with conjugated equine estrogens (CE) 50 μg/kg; SE120 + EE, treated with 50 μg/kg (CE) plus 120 mg/kg SE. The substances were administered daily by gavage for 21 consecutive days. Thereafter the animals were weighed and killed by decapitation; trunk blood was collected for hormone determinations. Uteri were removed immediately and fixed in 10% formaldehyde, followed by dehydration, embedding in paraffin and 6-m sections staining with hematoxylin and eosin for histomorphometric analyses of myometrium and endometrium. After ANOVA analysis of the data, the study was complemented with the Tukey-Kramer test for multiple comparisons. RESULTS The concentrated extract of soybean at high concentration (SE 120 kg/mg) and estrogens proved to have a trophic effect on the uterus (endometrium and myometrium) of castrated rats. In groups SE120, EE and SE120 + EE, all morphometric parameters examined (number of glands, eosinophils, blood vessels and the glandular area) were increased. No significant addictive effects of soybean extract plus estrogens were detected in the SE120 + EE group. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that soy extract has a trophic effect on rat uterine structures. Treatment of ovariectomized rats with a concentrated soy extract in combination with conjugated estrogens had no addictive effect on the uterine response.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M C Francisco
- University of Vale do Sapucai - UNIVÁS, Gynecology, São Paulo, Brazil
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19
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Morais-Socorro M, Cavalcanti MA, Martins R, Neto Francisco P, Rezende A, Azevedo G, Almeida M. Safety and efficacy of tibolone and menopausal transition: a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Gynecol Endocrinol 2012; 28:483-7. [PMID: 22132809 DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2011.634937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy, safety and tolerability of Tibolone use during the menopausal transition (MT). METHODS Sixty-five healthy women aged 40-55 years (48.5 ± 3.5 years) were recruited for a randomized, double-blind controlled trial. Thirty participants were recruited to receive oral Tibolone 2.5 mg/day - Tibolone Group (TG), and 35 participants were assigned to the Placebo Group (PG), which received one capsule of lactose/day. Both groups were treated for 12 consecutive weeks. The Blatt-Kupperman Menopausal Index (KMI) and the Greene Climacteric Scale (GCS) were used. The glycaemic and lipid profiles, biochemical measures of hepatic function and endometrial thickness were measured for safety. A daily registry of complaints related to the treatment was maintained, and anthropometric measures were obtained to assess tolerability. RESULTS A total of 57 women completed the study. After 12 weeks of Tibolone use, the total score and percentage of the KMI and GCS were significantly decreased compared to baseline, which reflected the efficacy of the treatment of climacteric symptoms. The improvement in blood biochemistry, endometrial atrophy and maintenance of the anthropometrical measures reflected the safety of Tibolone use. The absence of serious side effects demonstrated good tolerability for Tibolone use. CONCLUSIONS The results showed good efficacy, tolerability and safety of Tibolone use during the MT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Morais-Socorro
- Maternity Januário Cicco, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, School, Natal, Brazil.
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20
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Aguayo Macías E, Femat Villarreal AE, González Habib R, López Tapia JD. [Comparison of the measurement line cervical and endometrial ultrasound techniques using two]. Ginecol Obstet Mex 2012; 80:251-253. [PMID: 22808854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical and endometrial measurement in the gynecological and obstetric patients is of vital importance. There is no consensus for the correct way in which should be made the measurement, more than anything is for an opinion of some experts. OBJECTIVE To determine whether there are differences in measurement of endometrial or sagittal cross section of the uterus and cervix in the measurement of fractional linear fashion or along the cervical canal. MATERIAL AND METHODS Using a transvaginal ultrasound, was measured in a transverse and longitudinal endometrial lining. And by fractional measuring along the cervical canal and a linear manner from the internal to the external. RESULTS We studied a total of 63 patients. The mean endometrial transversal measurement in a cross was 7.1. mm (SD +/- 3.3) The mean endometrial longitudinally measured were: 7.9 mm (SD +/- 3.4). The mean cervical measurement was fractionally 3.3 cm (SD +/- 0.4) Mean cervical linear measurement was 3.9 cm (SD +/- 0.4). Using student's t test where the value of p in the endometrial measurement was 0.0871 and p value in cervical measurement was 0.009, the latter being statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS With respect to the measurement of the endometrial lining, there is no significant difference do any of the two different techniques. However, measurement of the cervix, another significant difference (p = 0.009), so it should be further investigated which of these two techniques is the right way to establish more accurate diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Aguayo Macías
- Ginecología y Obstetricia, Christus Muguerza, Hospital Conchita, Monterrey, NL, México.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The effects of metformin and letrozole on endometrium and ovarian reserve were studied in a rat model. METHODS Forty female Wistar albino mature rats at 8 weeks, weighing 180-260 g, were used for the study. These rats were randomly divided into four groups. Control group, eight rats, was given no medication by oral gavage. The rats in low-dose metformin group, 10 rats, were given 100 mg/kg/day of oral metformin. The rats in high-dose metformin group, 10 rats, were given 200 mg/kg/day of oral metformin. The rats in letrozole, 10 rats, were given 0.1 mg/kg/day of oral letrozole. RESULTS There was statistically significant difference in the endometrial thickness between the treatment groups and control group. The primordial follicle count was comparable in all treatment groups compared with control. Finally, there was no significant difference in total follicle count between the treatment groups and control. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that both metformin and letrozole had similar effects on endometrium and ovary in the rat model. Additionally, metformin had a little effect on endometrium than letrozole. Although metformin and letrozole might have tendency to enhance the total follicle count in the rat model, they had comparable effects on ovarian follicles and did not change the ovarian reserve compared with control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokalp Oner
- Department Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
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Abstract
Nomegestrol acetate (NOMAC) is a potent, highly selective progestogen, which is structurally similar to 19-norprogesterone and characterized as a full agonist at the progesterone receptor, with no or minimal binding to other steroid receptors, including the androgen and glucocorticoid receptors. In animal models, NOMAC demonstrated moderate antiandrogenic activity and strong antiestrogenic activity. In clinical studies, the progestogen was associated with effective suppression of gonadotropic activity and ovulation in premenopausal women, and a neutral impact on hemostasis, lipids, and carbohydrate metabolism. In normal and cancerous human breast tissue, NOMAC has shown favorable effects on estrogen metabolism, and in human breast cancer cell lines in vitro, it does not stimulate cell proliferation. The pharmacologic profile of NOMAC suggested that it would be well suited for combination with a physiologic estrogen in a combined oral contraceptive (COC), with the aim of achieving effective contraception with good cycle control and a favorable safety profile. A monophasic COC containing NOMAC 2.5mg and 17β-estradiol (E2) 1.5mg, administered in a 24/4-day regimen, is currently under clinical investigation. In a phase III study, NOMAC/E2 provided consistent and robust ovulation inhibition, with contraceptive effects that compared favorably with those of drospirenone 3mg/ethinyl estradiol (EE) 30 μg. Investigators for a second phase III study reported less overall impact with NOMAC/E2 on hemostatic, lipid, inflammatory, and carbohydrate metabolism parameters than with levonorgestrel 150 μg/EE 30 μg. These clinical findings are promising; however, full publication of results from the pivotal phase III trials of NOMAC/E2 is pending.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred O Mueck
- Department of Endocrinology and Menopause, University Women's Hospital, Calwer Strasse 7, DE-72076, Tübingen, Germany.
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Yousefi B, Azargon A. Predictive factors of intrauterine insemination success of women with infertility over 10 years. J PAK MED ASSOC 2011; 61:165-168. [PMID: 21375168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The relationship between maternal age, duration of infertility, pre-ovulatory follicles, endometrial thickness and motile sperms with intra uterine insemination (IUI) success in women with infertility over 10 years was surveyed. METHODS We performed a descriptive - cross sectional study among couples (n=26) with a history of infertility for more than 10 years who were treated with IUI. The data was collected between 2000 and 2007 in the fertility ward of Amiralmomenin Hospital of Semnan University of Medical Sciences. Patients underwent a basic fertility workup and the ovarian hyperstimulation was done with clomiphene citrate (CC) and human chorionic gonadotrophin (hMG) alone or in combination. A volume of 0.3-0.4 ml suspension of processed spermatozoa (after swim-up procedure) was introduced into the uterine cavity 36h after human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) administration. The comparison between variables was performed by chi-square and student's test on SPSS (Version 10.0). RESULTS The total number of women with infertility over 10 years referring to fertility ward was 26. Seven of them became pregnant after treatment (27%). Majority of these pregnancies (87.5%) were achieved in the first cycle. Pregnant cases were 30-37 years of age with a history of infertility for up to ten years. The comparison of data between two groups showed that maternal age (P<0.03) and number of motile sperms (P<0.05) had a significant relationship with the results of treatment. CONCLUSION Number of motile spermatozoa and women age are factors with the highest impact on pregnancy after IUI treatment in women with infertility for over 10 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behpour Yousefi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
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Blitek A, Waclawik A, Kaczmarek MM, Kiewisz J, Ziecik AJ. Effect of estrus induction on prostaglandin content and prostaglandin synthesis enzyme expression in the uterus of early pregnant pigs. Theriogenology 2010; 73:1244-56. [PMID: 20171718 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2009.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2009] [Revised: 12/29/2009] [Accepted: 12/31/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Prostaglandins (PGs) play a pivotal role in maternal recognition of pregnancy and implantation in pigs. In the present study, PGE(2), PGF(2alpha), and PGFM (PGF(2alpha) metabolite) content, as well as PGE(2) synthase (mPGES-1) and PGF(2alpha) synthase (PGFS) expression was investigated in early pregnant gilts with natural (n=21) and PMSG/hCG-stimulated (n=19) estrus. Endometrial tissue samples, uterine luminal flushings (ULFs), and blood serum were collected on days 10-11, 12, and 15 after insemination. Additionally, day 15 conceptuses were collected for mPGES-1 and PGFS protein expression. Effect of estrus induction was observed on day 15 of pregnancy, when the content of PGE(2) in the uterine lumen was fourfold lower in gonadotropin-stimulated gilts in comparison to controls (P<0.001). Decreased PGE(2) content in ULFs of gonadotropin-treated pigs was preceded by lower endometrial mPGES-1 gene expression in hormonally-stimulated animals in comparison to control gilts (P<0.01). On the other hand, estrus induction with PMSG/hCG resulted in higher PGE(2) accumulation in the endometrial tissue on day 15 of pregnancy (P<0.01). Furthermore, PGF(2alpha) content in the endometrium and PGFM levels in blood serum were lower in gonadotropin-treated gilts, especially on day 12 after insemination when compared to control gilts (P<0.01). Finally, PGFS expression in day 15 conceptuses was decreased in animals with hormonally-induced estrus. We conclude that PMSG/hCG stimulation of prepubertal gilts to induce estrus results in changes of PG production and secretion during early pregnancy, which, in turn, may affect conceptus development, implantation, and the course of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Blitek
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-747 Olsztyn, Poland.
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Spona J, Binder N, Höschen K, Feichtinger W. Contraceptive efficacy and safety of a low-dose oral contraceptive, (0.03 mg ethinyl oestradiol and 2 mg chlormadinone acetate) Belara®, over three medication cycles. EUR J CONTRACEP REPR 2009; 13:39-48. [PMID: 17886154 DOI: 10.1080/13625180701619247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the modulation of ovarian function during three medication cycles with 0.03 mg ethinyl oestradiol (EE) and 2 mg chlormadinone acetate (CMA), leading to inhibition of conception in healthy women. METHODS Phase II, single-centre, open, non-controlled trial. The main outcome measure was inhibition of ovarian activity, assessed by frequent monitoring of the presence, size and persistence of follicle-like structures using ultrasonography. Secondary parameters included: cervical reaction score (CRS-probability of fertilization), endometrial thickness (probability of nidation), and serum levels of the sex hormones oestradiol, progesterone, luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone. Safety was primarily assessed by monitoring the occurrence of adverse events. RESULTS Thirty-three subjects were eligible for the trial and were included in the efficacy assessment (per protocol analysis, PPA). All subjects ovulated during the pretreatment cycle, but none during the three medication cycles. Follicular growth was profoundly suppressed during the medication phase, with residual ovarian activity occurring in only 12/83 (14.5%) treatment cycles. The CRS was negative during each medication cycle and endometrial thickness was suppressed on each medication day, with median values of 4.0-6.0 mm. EE/ CMA was well tolerated, with few adverse events reported; most were typically cycle-related and included headache, breast discomfort, nausea and vomiting. CONCLUSION During the administration of EE/CMA follicular development, cervical reaction and endometrial thickness are profoundly suppressed, resulting in unfavourable conditions for fertilization, implantation and, thus, pregnancy.
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Bozdag G, Esinler I, Yarali H. The impact of endometrial thickness and texture on intracytoplasmic sperm injection outcome. J Reprod Med 2009; 54:303-311. [PMID: 19517695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the impact of endometrial thickness and texture on clinical pregnancy, implantation and miscarriage rates in intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and embryo transfer cycles. STUDY DESIGN A total of 758 consecutive infertile women (n = 1,087 cycles) undergoing ICSI and embryo transfer (ET) because of severe male factor infertility were retrospectively enrolled in Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine. Three groups of patients undergoing ICSI were identified based on endometrial thickness on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administration: < 7 mm (group A: 26 patients, 42 cycles), 7-14 mm (group B: 663 patients, 956 cycles) and > 14 mm (group C: 69 patients, 89 cycles). RESULTS Although there was a trend of lower clinical pregnancy rate per embryo transfer in group A (35.0%) compared with group B (43.1%), it did not reach statistical significance; however, it was significantly higher in group C (59.1%), (p < 0.05). The respective figures for implantation rates were 37.6%, 10.4%, and 23.0% (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION Endometrial thickness < 7 mm on the day of hCG is associated with lower pregnancy rate when compared with 7-14 mm and > 14 mm; however, a clinical pregnancy rate of approximately 35% still warrants not abandoning fresh embryo transfer in such cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurkan Bozdag
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Traub ML, Van Arsdale A, Pal L, Jindal S, Santoro N. Endometrial thickness, Caucasian ethnicity, and age predict clinical pregnancy following fresh blastocyst embryo transfer: a retrospective cohort. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2009; 7:33. [PMID: 19386129 PMCID: PMC2675530 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-7-33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2009] [Accepted: 04/22/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In-vitro fertilization (IVF) with blastocyst as opposed to cleavage stage embryos has been advocated to improve success rates. Limited information exists on which to predict which patients undergoing blastocyst embryo transfer (BET) will achieve pregnancy. This study's objective was to evaluate the predictive value of patient and cycle characteristics for clinical pregnancy following fresh BET. METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study from 2003-2007 at an academic assisted reproductive program. 114 women with infertility underwent fresh IVF with embryo transfer. We studied patients undergoing transfer of embryos at the blastocyst stage of development. Our main outcome of interest was clinical pregnancy. Clinical pregnancy and its associations with patient characteristics (age, body mass index, FSH, ethnicity) and cycle parameters (thickness of endometrial stripe, number eggs, available cleaving embryos, number blastocysts available, transferred, and cryopreserved, and embryo quality) were examined using Student's T test and Mann-Whitney-U tests as appropriate. Multivariable logistic regression models were created to determine independent predictors of CP following BET. Receiver Operating Characteristic analyses were used to determine the optimal thickness of endometrial stripe for predicting clinical pregnancy. RESULTS Patients achieving clinical pregnancy demonstrated a thicker endometrial stripe and were younger preceding embryo transfer. On multivariable logistic regression analyses, Caucasian ethnicity (OR 2.641, 95% CI 1.054-6.617), thickness of endometrial stripe, (OR 1.185, 95% CI 1.006-1.396) and age (OR 0.879, 95% CI 0.789-0.980) predicted clinical pregnancy. By receiver operating characteristic analysis, endometrial stripe >or= 9.4 mm demonstrated a sensitivity of 83% for predicting clinical pregnancy following BET. CONCLUSION In a cohort of patients undergoing fresh BET, thicker endometrial stripe, Caucasian ethnicity, and younger age are positive predictors of clinical pregnancy after fresh BET. These findings may be useful in clinical management of infertile patients undergoing fresh BET cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L Traub
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Women's Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Mazer Building Room 316, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Anne Van Arsdale
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Women's Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Mazer Building Room 316, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Lubna Pal
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, PO Box 208063, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Sangita Jindal
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Women's Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Mazer Building Room 316, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Nanette Santoro
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Women's Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Mazer Building Room 316, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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Okohue JE, Onuh SO, Ebeigbe P, Shaibu I, Wada I, Ikimalo JI, Okpere EE. The effect of endometrial thickness on in vitro fertilization (IVF)-embryo transfer/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) outcome. Afr J Reprod Health 2009; 13:113-121. [PMID: 20687269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The value of measuring the endometrial thickness and studying the endometrial receptivity in the context of assisted conception remains a contentious issue. A prospective analysis was carried out to determine the effect of endometrial thickness on IVF - embryo transfer/ICSI outcome in dedicated Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) units in Abuja and Rivers State, Nigeria. Two hundred and fifty one patients who met the inclusion criteria were analysed. They were grouped on the basis of endometrial thickness into 3 groups; <7 mm, 7 - 14 mm and >14 mm. The main outcome measure was clinical pregnancy. There were significantly more pregnancies in the 7 - 14 mm endometrial thickness group compared to the <7 mm and >14 mm groups, p=0.004 and p<0.0001 respectively. The findings suggest that following IVF/ICSI, significantly more pregnancies occurred when the endometrial thickness was between 7 and 14 mm.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Okohue
- Nordica Fertility Centre, Nisa Premier Hospital, Jabi Abuja.
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Torrezan R, Gomes RM, Ferrarese ML, de Melo FBH, Ramos AMD, Mathias PCF, Scomparin DX. [Treatment with isoflavones replaces estradiol effect on the tissue fat accumulation from ovariectomized rats]. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol 2008; 52:1489-96. [PMID: 19197458 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-27302008000900013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2008] [Accepted: 10/17/2008] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Isoflavones (ISO) present in soybean are named phytoestrogens because they show estrogen effect. The use of isoflavones has beneficial effect in disturbance of post-menopause, which is characterized by ovarian function suppression. Decreasing of estrogen secretion and consequent morphologic and metabolic disarrangements are observed in female hormonal decline. The aim of present work was to investigate the effect of ISO on the fat accretion of uterine endometric tissue, and HDL and glucose blood concentration from ovariectomized rats (OVX). METHODS Female Wistar rats with 60 days-old were submitted a surgery to remove bilaterally the ovarium. After 8-day recovery period the animals were distributed into three groups: sham operate (GC); OVX ISO untreated (GI) and OVX supplemented with ISO (G II). Total uterus mass, uterus fat and retroperitoneal fat pad, were removed, washed and weighted. Samples of uterus were histological processed to measure endometrium thickness. Blood samples were also collected to analyze the concentration of HDL and glucose. The OVX caused endometric atrophy, decrease of uterus weight and HDL reduction. The treatment with ISO provoked decrease of uterine and retroperitoneal fat pad. HDL increase and glycemia reduction were also observed. However, there was no uterotrophic effect. CONCLUSIONS ISO treatment causes decrease in tissue fat accretion from ovariectomized rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosana Torrezan
- Departamento de Ciências Morfofisiológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
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Topipat C, Choktanasiri W, Jultanmas R, Weerakiet S, Wongkularb A, Rojanasakul A. A comparison of the effects of clomiphene citrate and the aromatase inhibitor letrozole on superovulation in Asian women with normal ovulatory cycles. Gynecol Endocrinol 2008; 24:145-50. [PMID: 18335329 DOI: 10.1080/09513590801895609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the effect of the aromatase inhibitor letrozole and clomiphene citrate (CC) on superovulation in women with normal ovulation. METHODS A cross-over randomized study of 22 women with normal ovulation, divided randomly into two equal cohorts, was carried out. Each group of 11 women was randomly allocated to take letrozole or CC for one cycle. After washing out for one cycle, the alternative drug was administered in the subsequent cycle. The number and size of mature follicles, endometrial thickness, and estradiol and progesterone levels were monitored. RESULTS The number of mature follicles and estradiol levels on ovulation day were significantly lower in the letrozole group than the CC group (p < 0.05 for both). However, no differences between the two groups in endometrial thickness and pattern were observed. Progesterone levels showed ovulation in all cycles. CONCLUSIONS The administration of 50 mg CC on days 3-5 was superior to 2.5 mg letrozole for superovulation induction in women with normal ovulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chutima Topipat
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Tsousis G, Herzog K, Bitter J, Krüger L, Bollwein H. [Sonographic evaluation of the uterus in Holstein-Friesian cows without and with disturbances of the puerperium during the first 14 days postpartum]. Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr 2008; 121:78-85. [PMID: 18277783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate if, compared with transrectal manual palpation, B-mode sonography provides additional information about the uterine structures and contents of Holstein-Friesian cows without and with disturbances during the early puerperal phase, that lead to a more precise diagnosis. The examinations were carried out once per cow either during the first four days p. p. (contraction phase, KPH) or on days 5 to 10 (desquamation phase, DPH) or on days 11 to 14 (regeneration phase, RPH) in 57 cows with undisturbed (UP) and 69 with disturbed puerperal phases (GP). The mean size of the uterus measured by transrectal palpation was 0.94 to 1.51 points (on a 6-point scale, p < 0.05) larger throughout the examination period and the fluctuation was 1.29 and 0.92 points (on a 4-point scale, p < 0.05) higher in GP cows compared with UP cows during the KPH and RPH, respectively. During the KPH, contractility of the uterus was 0.56 points (on a 3-point scale, p < 0.05) lower in GP cows compared with UP cows. Sonographically the cross sectional area of the most caudally located caruncle was 0.47 to 3.53 cm2 bigger (p < 0.05) in GP cows than in UP cows. The GP cows showed in the KPH a 0.21 cm thinner (p < 0.05) endometrium compared with the UP cows. In the DPH and RPH, the echogenicity was 1.63 and 1.04 points (on a 4-point scale, p < 0.05) higher and the intraluminal diameter of the uterine body was 0.49 to 0.67 cm greater (p < 0.05) in GP cows compared with UP cows, respectively. By means of dicriminant analysis 96.7% and 91.7% of the animals of the GP and UP group, respectively, where classified correctly during the DPH, whereas in the other two phases these proportions were between 70.0% and 87.5%. The results show that B-mode sonography is an additional valuable method for a more accurate differentiation of uterine involutionary processes between cows without and with disturbances of the puerperal phase.
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Zöltzer H. Open interfaces in initial lymphatics: a methodological artifact? Lymphology 2007; 40:163-171. [PMID: 18365530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Castenholz, Hauck, and other authors--including myself--have previously described initial lymphatics and the existence of open interfaces in tongue, mesentery as well as in uterus. These structures were supposed to represent an additional entrance into the initial lymphatic pathway and the open interfaces were proposed to act as pressure relief valves in some organs in case of increased volumes of tissue fluid. The methodological approaches used by these authors were interstitial and retrograde fillings of the lymphatic system, and often an endothelium-lined structure was seen connecting initial lymphatics with the interstitial space and ending free in connective tissue. Further research of my group in basic lymphology has led to new and surprising insights, and we now demonstrate that most of these so called "open-interfaces" are methodological artifacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Zöltzer
- Department of Cell Biology, Division Lymphology, University of Kassel, Germany.
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Archer DF, Hendrix S, Ferenczy A, Felix J, Gallagher JC, Rymer J, Skouby SO, den Hollander W, Stathopoulos V, Helmond FA. Tibolone histology of the endometrium and breast endpoints study: design of the trial and endometrial histology at baseline in postmenopausal women. Fertil Steril 2007; 88:866-78. [PMID: 17548089 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.12.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2006] [Revised: 12/27/2006] [Accepted: 12/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To address the endometrial safety of tibolone. DESIGN The Tibolone Histology of the Endometrium and Breast Endpoints Study (THEBES) is a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group trial of tibolone compared with continuous combined conjugated equine estrogen (CEE) and medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA). SETTING Multi-country, multi-center ambulatory care setting. PATIENT(S) A total of 5,185 subjects were screened, and biopsies were obtained from 4,446 women. INTERVENTION(S) Participants were randomized in a 1:1:2 ratio, to tibolone (1.25 or 2.5 mg/d) or CEE-MPA. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) The one-sided 95% confidence intervals for the incidence of hyperplasia or cancer were evaluated for tibolone compared with CEE-MPA. RESULT(S) Endometrial biopsy results at baseline: atrophic (87.29%), inactive (0.25%), proliferative (6.12%), secretory (2.86%), menstrual type (0.40%), and hyperplasia (0.18%). Only subjects with atrophic or inactive endometrium were eligible for this study, and 3% of the women at screening either had no tissue (0.18%) or had an amount of tissue that was insufficient for diagnosis (2.72%). Three thousand two hundred forty postmenopausal women with a mean (+/-SD) age of 54.4 +/- 4.4 years and a mean time since menopause of 4.5 +/- 3.6 years were randomized. CONCLUSION(S) The Tibolone Histology of the Endometrium and Breast Endpoints Study is a prospective, randomized clinical trial, designed to provide evidence of the endometrial safety of tibolone compared with estrogen and progestogen. Screening endometrial histology shows a low prevalence of endometrial hyperplasia (0.18%) and no carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- David F Archer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Contraceptive Research and Development Program Clinical Research Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia 23507, USA.
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Polena V, Mergui JL, Zerat L, Sananes S. The role of Pipelle® Mark II sampling in endometrial disease diagnosis. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2007; 134:233-7. [PMID: 17029754 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2006.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2005] [Revised: 07/11/2006] [Accepted: 07/14/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of Pipelle Mark II sampling (designed for combined cytology and histology testing) in the diagnosis of endometrial disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS A 97 women with abnormal uterine bleeding or intrauterine lesions on ultrasound examination underwent Pipelle Mark II endometrial sampling, followed by diagnostic hysteroscopy. The adequacy of endometrial samples obtained for cytological and histological analysis was assessed. A correlation was established between endometrial cytology, histology and diagnostic hysteroscopy results. Where discrepancies were found, they were compared with the histological results obtained from operative hysteroscopy. RESULTS The tissue samples obtained for cytological and histological diagnoses were insufficient in 14.4% and 11.3% of patients, respectively. The opposite was found in the group of postmenopausal women (N=52): the tissue samples for cytological and histological diagnoses were insufficient in only 3.8% and 15.4% of cases, respectively. The cytological results corroborated diagnostic hysteroscopy findings and histological results in all cases but 3 (3.6%). Only two cases of endometrial carcinoma were reported in this group of patients, and they were both detected by all three methods. The rate of false positives with endometrial cytological sampling was 3.6%. There were no false negatives. CONCLUSION Pipelle Mark II endometrial sampling is feasible. It provides adequate samples for histological and/or cytological analysis and reliable results. It reduces the rate of false negative results for endometrial cancer. Pipelle Mark II sampling is particularly useful in postmenopausal women and in women with endometrial atrophy. Other larger studies are necessary to evaluate the efficiency of Pipelle Mark II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viola Polena
- Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, Hôpital Tenon, 4 rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris, France
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Seeber B, Sammel M, Zhou L, Hummel A, Barnhart KT. Endometrial stripe thickness and pregnancy outcome in first-trimester pregnancies with bleeding, pain or both. J Reprod Med 2007; 52:757-761. [PMID: 17939589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the association between endometrial stripe (ES) thickness and pregnancy outcome in women with a symptomatic first-trimester pregnancy and to determine how vaginal bleeding, pelvic pain and 1 human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) level affect ES thickness. STUDY DESIGN Data on ES thickness, serum hCG, presence of pain, characterization of vaginal bleeding and ultimate clinical outcome were collected for 576 women presenting to the emergency room. RESULTS ES was thinner with increased vaginal bleeding and associated with hCG level and pregnancy outcome. The mean ES for ectopic pregnancies (EPs) was 9.56 +/- 4.87, for intrauterine pregnancies was 12.12 +/- 6.0 and for spontaneous abortion was 10.19 +/- 6.10. Ninety-nine percent of patients with EP had an ES <21 mm, and 100% had one < or =25 mm. CONCLUSION There was considerable overlap in ES for the 3 pregnancy outcomes, making it a poor diagnostic test. Nevertheless, ES >21 mm in a woman with no evidence of a gestational sac excludes EP with 96% specificity. A patient with a stripe >25 mm may be expectantly managed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Seeber
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia 19104, USA
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Clancy KBH. Unexpected luteal endometrial decline in a healthy rural Polish population. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2007; 134:133-4. [PMID: 16949724 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2006.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2006] [Revised: 07/20/2006] [Accepted: 07/21/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Odeh M, Vainerovsky I, Grinin V, Kais M, Ophir E, Bornstein J. Three-dimensional endometrial volume and 3-dimensional power Doppler analysis in predicting endometrial carcinoma and hyperplasia. Gynecol Oncol 2007; 106:348-53. [PMID: 17532032 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2007.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2007] [Revised: 03/25/2007] [Accepted: 04/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the accuracy of endometrial volume measurement and 3-dimensional power Doppler analysis (3D-PDA) in the diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma and endometrial hyperplasia in women with post- and peri-menopausal bleeding. METHODS 56 women with post-menopausal and 89 with peri-menopausal bleeding were enrolled. All were scheduled for hysteroscopy, dilatation and curettage, endometrial sampling or hysterectomy, and the ultrasound was performed within 24 h before the procedure. Endometrial thickness, endometrial volume, vascularity index (VI), flow index (FI) and vascularity flow index (VFI) were measured. These parameters were compared between the group of women with normal histology (including endometrial polyps) and the pathologic group (carcinoma and hyperplasia with or without atypia). RESULTS Ninety women (62%) had normal histology, 26 (17.9%) had an endometrial polyp, 18 (12.5%) hyperplasia and 11 (7.6%) had endometrial carcinoma. Mean endometrial thickness was 11 mm and 15.5 mm in the normal and pathologic groups respectively (p<0.005). The mean endometrial volume was 6.87 cc and 15.5 cc in the two groups respectively (p<0.001). The VI was 2.27% and 2.95% in the two groups respectively (p=0.022). The FI was 18.6 and 23.6 in the two groups respectively (p=0.014). The VFI was 0.68 and 0.89 in the two groups respectively (p=0.018). Using ROC the area under the curve was 0.698, 0.728, 0.621, 0.631, and 0.625 for endometrial thickness, endometrial volume, VI, FI and VFI respectively. The best predictor of endometrial carcinoma was an endometrial volume of 3.56 cc or more (sensitivity 93.1%, specificity 36.2%). CONCLUSIONS Endometrial volume and 3D-PDA are good diagnostic tools in predicting endometrial carcinoma and hyperplasia in women with post- and peri-menopausal bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Odeh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Western Galilee Hospital, Nahariya, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel.
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Zhang X, Zhu C, Lin H, Yang Q, Ou Q, Li Y, Chen Z, Racey P, Zhang S, Wang H. Wild Fulvous Fruit Bats (Rousettus leschenaulti) Exhibit Human-Like Menstrual Cycle1. Biol Reprod 2007; 77:358-64. [PMID: 17494915 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.106.058958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the menstrual cycle of wild fulvous fruit bats (Rousettus leschenaulti), focusing on changes in the endometrial and ovarian structure and pituitary and steroid hormones. The menstrual cycle lasts for 33 days in bats studied in their natural habitat and in captivity. Vaginal bleeding was restricted to a single day (Day 1). A preovulatory follicle was found in the ovary on Day 18 when the levels of LH and FSH reached their maxima, accompanied by a thickened endometrium. On Day 24, serum levels of progesterone and estradiol-17 were also maximal, and uterine glands increased in size. After that, the levels of progesterone dropped precipitously, leading to menstrual bleeding. Both the morphologic and hormonal changes observed in fulvous fruit bats during the menstrual cycle resemble similar changes in humans. Fulvous fruit bats may be useful nonprimate laboratory models to study menstruation and menstrual dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
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Esmailzadeh S, Faramarzi M. Endometrial thickness and pregnancy outcome after intrauterine insemination. Fertil Steril 2007; 88:432-7. [PMID: 17434500 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2006] [Revised: 12/15/2006] [Accepted: 12/22/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate whether endometrial thickness on the day of hCG administration is a predictor of intrauterine insemination (IUI) success. DESIGN A retrospective study. PATIENT(S) Two hundred forty-nine women undergoing IUI cycles. SETTING University hospital-based infertility center. INTERVENTION(S) Endometrial thickness on the day of hCG administration, cycle parameters, and sperm quality were compared between pregnant and nonpregnant patients. A similar comparison was made between ongoing pregnancies and those that resulted in a loss. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Endometrial thickness versus IUI outcome. RESULT(S) The overall pregnancy rate was 15%. Mean (+/- standard deviation) endometrial thickness on the day of hCG administration was significantly greater in cycles where pregnancy was achieved (10.1 +/- 3.0 vs. 7.7 +/- 3.5). In the univariate analysis, the following variables affected the pregnancy rate: the woman's age, duration of infertility, the number of IUI cycles, the number of follicles, the diameter of the dominant follicle, the duration of follicle maturation, and sperm count, motility, and morphology. In the multivariate analysis, the strongest predictor of IUI success was the number of IUI cycles. The woman's age was negatively associated with pregnancy outcome, while endometrial thickness and the total motile sperm count were positively associated with pregnancy outcome. CONCLUSION(S) The results of the present study suggest that clinicians providing IUI for infertile couples must pay close attention to endometrial development as well as to follicle growth and sperm motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seddigheh Esmailzadeh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Mazanderan, Babol, Iran
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Zhou LX, Zhu J, Ding H, Jia CX, Xue SJ, Pan RK. [Changes in the sonographic appearance of the endometrium after different premenopausal tamoxifen therapies]. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2007; 27:1227-9. [PMID: 17715033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of different schemes of premenopausal tamoxifen therapy on the endometrium. METHODS Totally 109 normal premenopausal women positive for high-risk factors of breast cancer were divided into two groups, namely periodic and consecutive tamoxifen treatment groups. Endometrial thickness as examined by vaginal sonography was assessed in relation to duration of tamoxifen use and time from discontinuation of the drug. RESULTS After one year of tamoxifen use, the mean endometrial thickness in periodic treatment group was 6.5-/+1.4 mm, and 10.2-/+2.0 mm in consecutive treatment group. Endometrial thickness increased with the duration of tamoxifen use at the rate of 0.51 mm/year in the periodic treatment group, and 0.73 mm/year in consecutive treatment group. After discontinuation of tamoxifen, the endometrial thickness in the former group decreased by 1.29 mm/year, and by 1.33 mm/year in the latter. CONCLUSIONS Endometrial hyperplasia is obviously milder in premenopausal women receiving periodic tamoxifen treatment who are at risk for breast cancer than that in women with consecutive treatment. After discontinuation of the drug, the endometrial thickness decreases at a roughly equal slow rate in the two groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Xue Zhou
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
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Xia X, Xie C, Zhu C, Cai S, Yang X. Effect of implanted Cu/low-density polyethylene nanocomposite on the morphology of endometrium in the mouse. Fertil Steril 2007; 88:472-8. [PMID: 17335821 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.11.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2006] [Revised: 11/27/2006] [Accepted: 11/27/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the damage of endometrium caused by the implanted Cu/low-density polyethylene (LDPE) nanocomposite and the contraceptive effect of this novel copper-containing intrauterine device material. DESIGN Experimental animal study. SETTING TongJi Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology. PATIENT(S) Sixty healthy female mice. INTERVENTION(S) Twenty mice received no implants, 20 mice received the Cu/LDPE nanocomposite, and 20 mice received bulk copper. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Morphologic features of the endometrium, contraceptive effect, and surface condition of the implanted implants. RESULT(S) The contraceptive effect of both the Cu/LDPE nanocomposite and bulk copper is 100%, the damage of the endometrium caused by the Cu/LDPE nanocomposite is much less than that caused by bulk copper, and the surface of the implanted Cu/LDPE nanocomposite is much smoother and much softer than that of the implanted bulk copper. CONCLUSION(S) The contraceptive effect of the Cu/LDPE nanocomposite is comparable with that of bulk copper, and the damage of the endometrium caused by the Cu/LDPE nanocomposite is much less than that caused by bulk copper. The endometrium injury is related to the surface condition of the implanted intrauterine device material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianping Xia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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da Silva VMF, Carter AM, Ambrosio CE, Carvalho AF, Bonatelli M, Lima MC, Miglino MA. Placentation in dolphins from the Amazon River Basin: the Boto, Inia geoffrensis, and the Tucuxi, Sotalia fluviatilis. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2007; 5:26. [PMID: 17597550 PMCID: PMC1919380 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-5-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2007] [Accepted: 06/28/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A recent reassessment of the phylogenetic affinities of cetaceans makes it timely to compare their placentation with that of the artiodactyls. We studied the placentae of two sympatric species of dolphin from the Amazon River Basin, representing two distinct families. The umbilical cord branched to supply a bilobed allantoic sac. Small blood vessels and smooth muscle bundles were found within the stroma of the cord. Foci of squamous metaplasia occurred in the allanto-amnion and allantochorion. The interhemal membrane of the placenta was of the epitheliochorial type. Two different types of trophoblastic epithelium were seen. Most was of the simple columnar type and indented by fetal capillaries. However, there were also areolar regions with tall columnar trophoblast and these were more sparsely supplied with capillaries. The endometrium was well vascularised and richly supplied with actively secreting glands. These findings are consistent with the current view that Cetacea are nested within Artiodactyla as sister group to the hippopotamids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ana F Carvalho
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Sao Joao da Boa Vista, SP, Brazil
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Rajesh H, Yong YY, Zhu M, Chia D, Yu SL. Growth hormone deficiency and supplementation at in-vitro fertilisation. Singapore Med J 2007; 48:514-8. [PMID: 17538748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aims to evaluate the differences in oocyte stimulation, endometrial thickness, fertilisation rate and embryo quality at in-vitro fertilisation (IVF) in patients with documented growth hormone (GH) deficiency, after GH supplementation. METHODS This was a retrospective analysis of 20 cases of patients who were pregnant and had GH supplementation during IVF at the Singapore General Hospital between 1993 and 2003. All these patients had previously failed IVF due to poor stimulation, poor egg quality, poor fertilisation at intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) or failed implantation, and they had documented GH deficiency. These initial cycles were compared with their subsequent IVF cycles with GH supplementation. A non-parametric test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS Embryo quality, determined by scoring the embryos on Day two using morphology, improved significantly after supplementation of GH (p-value is less than 0.001, median embryo score increased from 10.7 to 16). There was also a statistically significant increase in the fertilisation rate for those patients who had ICSI. There was no statistical difference in the number of oocytes retrieved or in the mean endometrial thickness with GH. CONCLUSION This study implies that GH supplementation may improve embryo quality in selected patients with GH deficiency. Its role in improving fertilisation rate at ICSI merits further research and evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Rajesh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore.
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Abstract
In the endometrium, angiogenesis plays important roles not only in tumor growth but also in the menstrual cycle. The purpose of the present paper was to investigate immunohistochemically the correlation between angiogenic factor expression and angiogenic score in normal and neoplastic endometrium. Immunohistochemical staining for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), angiopoietin (Ang)-1, Ang2, Tie2, CD34 and CD105 was performed on formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues from 31 normal endometrium and 85 endometrial adenocarcinoma. VEGF, Ang1, Ang2 and Tie2 expression was localized in the cytoplasm of glandular and tumor cells. The levels of each angiogenic factor were different in the phases of the menstrual cycle and each layer of normal endometrium. In general, VEGF and Tie2 expression was higher in adenocarcinoma than in normal epithelial cells. Conversely, Ang1 and Ang2 expression was higher in normal epithelium than in adenocarcinoma. The angiogenic score (CD105/CD34) tended to be higher in the adenocarcinoma than in the normal epithelium. It is suggested that the angiogenic pathway and the role of these factors seem to differ between normal tissue and carcinoma of the endometrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Saito
- Department of Cytopathology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma 371-0847, Japan
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Abstract
To clarify the mechanism of implantation, relationship between positioning of the mouse embryo in the uterus and distribution of uterine glands along the long axis of the uterine horn was examined by three-dimensional remodelling of the uterine endometrium. There were two unique regions in the endometrium. Uterine glands were distributed widely from mesometrial to anti-mesometrial side in one region. It was localized from lateral to anti-mesometrial side in another. These different regions were alternately aligned throughout the uterine horn. The number and position of embryos was consistent with that of the latter region. This study suggests that the type of distribution of uterine glands is closely related to the positioning of the embryo in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Hondo
- Department of Basic Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science and Department of Vetinary Anatomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan.
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Zohav E, Orvieto R, Anteby EY, Segal O, Meltcer S, Tur-Kaspa I. Low endometrial volume may predict early pregnancy loss in women undergoing in vitro fertilization. J Assist Reprod Genet 2007; 24:259-61. [PMID: 17356911 PMCID: PMC3454966 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-007-9121-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2006] [Accepted: 02/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the role of 3-D US measurement of the endometrium during early IVF-pregnancy and before the appearance of gestational sac in the prediction of pregnancies outcome. METHODS 60 pregnant women following IVF treatment were included in the study. The women underwent transvaginal 3D US measurements of endometrial volume and thickness on day 15-17 post ET. Patients were followed and classified according to pregnancy outcome into 2 further groups. The group with early pregnancy loss and the group with ongoing pregnancy. RESULTS While no differences were observed between those who miscarried and those who did not in gestational age, endometrial thickness or volume, spontaneous early pregnancy loss was significantly higher in patients with endometrial volume <2 mL as compared to those with endometrial volume >2 mL. CONCLUSIONS 3-D US measurement of endometrial volume of less than 2 mL during early IVF pregnancy and prior to the appearance of gestational sac is a powerful predictor of pregnancy loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efraim Zohav
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Barzilai Medical Center, Ashkelon, Israel.
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Martins WP, Ferriani RA, dos Reis RM, Nastri CO, Filho FM. Endometrial thickness and volume by three-dimensional ultrasound one week after embryo transfer to detect pregnancy. J Assist Reprod Genet 2007; 24:155-8. [PMID: 17342425 PMCID: PMC3455060 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-007-9113-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2006] [Accepted: 01/25/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Determine if the evaluation of endometrium one week after embryo transfer can predict pregnancy. METHODS Endometrial volume and thickness were evaluated by three-dimensional ultrasound in 40 patients one week after embryo transfer. These results were compared to serum pregnancy test performed one week later. RESULTS Eighteen patients have achieved pregnancy. A significant difference was found for endometrial volume: 6.49+/-1.97 mL versus 3.40+/-1.11 mL (pregnant versus not pregnant); and thickness: 11.15+/-2.75 mm versus 9.77+/-1.85 mm. The ROC curve was used to detect the best cutoff values: endometrial volume of 3.48 mL (sensitivity-100%, specificity-68.2%) and endometrial thickness of 10.3 mm (sensitivity-72.2%, specificity-77.3%). The area under curve was significant higher for endometrial volume (0.909 versus 0.745, p=0.027). No pregnancy was achieved in women who had an endometrial volume <3.8 mL (15 patients) or thickness <7.9 mm (3 patients). CONCLUSIONS The endometrial volume and thickness were significant higher in pregnant women and this difference was more prominent for endometrial volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wellington Paula Martins
- Departamento de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo-Brasil, São Paulo, Brasil.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Information about lymphatics and lymphangiogenesis in the human endometrium is limited. We investigated the distribution of endometrial lymphatic vessels during the normal menstrual cycle and in association with endometrial adenocarcinoma and investigated the expression of lymphangiogenic growth factors, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C, VEGF-D and VEGF receptor-3 (VEGF-R3). METHODS AND RESULTS Full thickness uterine samples (n = 23 proliferative; n = 23 secretory) and endometrial adenocarcinoma samples (n = 7 grade I; n = 10 grade III) were collected for the study and analysed by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. Lymphatic vessels of the functionalis were significantly reduced compared with basalis (P = 0.001) across the menstrual cycle with lymphatics of the basalis sometimes intimately associated with spiral arterioles. Lymphatic vessels of endometrial adenocarcinomas were located intra-tumoural and peri-tumoural with significant increases in the peri-tumoural lymphatic vessels compared with normal basalis (P = 0.02). Interestingly, high-grade adenocarcinoma vessels containing tumour emboli demonstrated a mixed blood/lymphatic endothelial cell phenotype. VEGF-C and VEGF-D were immunolocalized in glandular epithelium and some stromal cells with the staining intensity of this localization increasing in endometrial adenocarcinoma. Protein analysis identified VEGF-C (58, 41, 31 and 21 kD) and VEGF-D (56, 41, 31 and 21 kD) and VEGF-R3 (148 and 65 kD) peptides in normal endometrium, with significant increases in several of these peptides for VEGF-C and VEGF-D and no changes in protein expression for VEGF-R3 in endometrial adenocarcinoma. CONCLUSION Endometrial lymphatics are significantly reduced in the functionalis, and increases in endometrial adenocarcinoma peri-tumoural lymphatics are associated with increases in VEGF-C and VEGF-D peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline F Donoghue
- Centre for Women's Health Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University Medical Center, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, 3168 Victoria, Australia
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Brustmann H. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and DNA-fragmentation factor (DFF45): Expression and correlation in normal, hyperplastic and neoplastic endometrial tissues. Pathol Res Pract 2007; 203:65-72. [PMID: 17258405 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2006.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2006] [Revised: 11/25/2006] [Accepted: 12/08/2006] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the immunohistochemical expression of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and DNA fragmentation factor 45 (DFF45) in normal endometria (NE, n=13), non-atypical (NAH, n=22) and atypical hyperplasia (AH, n=14), endometrioid carcinoma (EC, n=34), serous carcinoma (SC, n=10), and clear cell carcinoma (CCC, n=2). With regard to quantity and intensity of positively stained cells, immunostaining was scored as negative, low, and strong. Nuclear PARP immunoreactivity was found in all cases. If present, DFF45 immunoreactivity was detected predominantly in the nucleus and to some extent in the cytoplasm. PARP immunoreactivity increased significantly from NE via NAH to AH (P=0.0004), and decreased from AH to endometrial carcinomas (P=0.0054). DFF45 immunoreactivity increased significantly from NE to NAH and to AH (P=0.0009). No significant differences were calculated between AH and endometrial carcinomas (P=0.7495). FIGO stages and tumor grades could not be characterized by PARP and DFF45 immunoexpression (P=1.000 and 0.7383, as well as P=0.3034 and 0.7533, respectively). Pearson correlation revealed significant associations of PARP and DFF45 immunoscores for all diagnostic categories of NE, NAH, AH, EC, and SC/CCC. Immunoexpression of PARP and DFF45 is apparently altered in endometrial carcinomas as compared with non-neoplastic endometrial tissues, indicating impaired mechanisms of apoptosis in the former.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hermann Brustmann
- Department of Pathology, Thermenklinikum, Sr. Maria Restitutagasse 12, A-2340 Moedling, Vienna, Austria.
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