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Mochida K, Morita K, Sasaoka Y, Morita K, Endo H, Hasegawa A, Asano M, Ogura A. Superovulation with an anti-inhibin monoclonal antibody improves the reproductive performance of rat strains by increasing the pregnancy rate and the litter size. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8294. [PMID: 38670985 PMCID: PMC11052992 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58611-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Rats are multiparous rodents that have been used extensively in research; however, the low reproductive performance of some rat strains hampers the broader use of rats as a biomedical model. In this study, the possibility of increasing the litter size after natural mating in rats through superovulation using an anti-inhibin monoclonal antibody (AIMA) was examined. In outbred Wistar rats, AIMA increased the number of ovulated oocytes by 1.3-fold. AIMA did not affect fertilization and subsequent embryonic development, resulting in a 1.4-fold increase in litter size and a high pregnancy rate (86%). In contrast, conventional superovulation by eCG/hCG administration decreased the pregnancy rate to 6-40% and did not increase the litter size. In inbred Brown Norway rats, AIMA increased the litter size by 1.2-fold, and the pregnancy rate increased more than twice (86% versus 38% in controls). AIMA also increased the litter size by 1.5-fold in inbred Tokai High Avoiders and Fischer 344 rats. AIMA increased the efficiency of offspring production by 1.5-, 2.7-, 1.4-, and 1.4-fold, respectively, in the four rat strains. Thus, AIMA may consistently improve the reproductive performance through natural mating in rats, which could promote the use of AIMA in biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiji Mochida
- RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0074, Japan.
| | - Kohtaro Morita
- Institute of Laboratory Animals, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshio Sasaoka
- Institute of Laboratory Animals, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kento Morita
- Institute of Laboratory Animals, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Endo
- Center for Molecular Prevention and Environmental Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan
| | - Ayumi Hasegawa
- RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0074, Japan
| | - Masahide Asano
- Institute of Laboratory Animals, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Atsuo Ogura
- RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0074, Japan.
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan.
- RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
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Qin F, Zhou Y, Huan L, Gui W. Comparison of clomiphene and letrozole for superovulation in patients with unexplained infertility undergoing intrauterine insemination: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e21006. [PMID: 32756085 PMCID: PMC7402796 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000021006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the medical advancement some studies put forward that letrozole (LE), a specific aromatase inhibitor with the function of reducing oestrogen synthesis, has recently been applied as a potentially better alternative compared with clomiphene citrate (CC), owing to that it has a superior efficacy as compared with CC in patients of unexplained infertility undergoing intrauterine insemination (IUI). However, there is no one study can clear and definite whether LE can replace the CC as first line drug. OBJECTIVE Our objective is to compare the LE with CC in the induction of ovulation in patients with unexplained infertility IUI. METHOD Searching databases consist of all kinds of searching tools, such as Medline, The Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed, etc. All the include studies should meet our demand of this meta-analysis: RESULT:: Based on the current meta-analysis, we rigorously consider that LE has a likelihood to improve dominant follicles (MD= -0.56, I= 100%, P= .04; MD= -0.39, I= 73%, P = .0003, respectively) and reduces the miscarriage rate (RR= 0.61, I= 0%, P = .03). There is no significant differences between the 2 groups in The total rate of pregnancy, pregnancy rate per cycle, multiple pregnancy and endometrial thickness. (RR= 1.06, I= 11%, P = .38; RR= 1.09, I= 7%, P = .32; RR= 0.79, I= 0%, P = .46; respectively) CONCLUSION:: Combined with the results of current systematic review and meta-analysis through subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis, we can be cautious: in general, compared with CC, LE is an effective treatment in the IUI cycle, has a likelihood to improve dominant follicles and reduces the miscarriage rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Qin
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University
| | - Yanqiong Zhou
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University
| | - Lu Huan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Chongqing Fifth People's Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenwu Gui
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University
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Thornton K, Merhi Z, Jindal S, Goldsammler M, Charron MJ, Buyuk E. Dietary Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs) could alter ovarian function in mice. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 510:110826. [PMID: 32339649 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nutrition is an important source of exogenous AGEs and thermally processed foods present in western-style diets contain a large amount of these pro-inflammatory AGEs. Additionally, the intake of dietary AGEs could upregulate ovarian gene expression of inflammatory macrophage markers. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of diet rich in AGEs on estrous cyclicity and ovarian function in a mouse model. Six-week old C57BL/6 J female mice were randomly subjected to either a diet low in AGEs (L-AGE) or a diet high in AGEs (H-AGE) for a total of 13 weeks. Experiments performed included daily vaginal smears to assess estrous cyclicity, ovarian superovulation with gonadotropins to assess the number of oocytes released, whole ovarian tissue mRNA quantification by RT-PCR to quantify genes involved in folliculogenesis, steroidogenesis, and macrophage markers, and ovarian morphology for follicle count. Outcome measures included estrous cyclicity, number of oocytes following superovulation, expression of genes involved in folliculogenesis, steroidogenesis, and macrophage infiltration as well as the number of primordial, primary, secondary, antral follicles and corpora lutea. Compared to mice on L-AGE diet, mice on H-AGE spent significantly longer time in the diestrus phase, had similar number of oocytes released following ovarian superovulation, and showed significant alterations in genes involved in steroidogenesis (increase in Star mRNA expression levels) and folliculogenesis (increase in Gdf-9 and Fshr mRNA expression levels). Mouse macrophage marker F4/80 mRNA expression was upregulated in mice on H-AGE diet compared to mice on L-AGE diet. Finally, mice on H-AGE diet had significantly fewer corpora lutea in their ovaries. These results indicate that the ingestion of high amounts of dietary AGEs could disrupt folliculogenesis and steroidogenesis that might lead to abnormal estrous cyclicity. Intake of dietary AGEs could also upregulate ovarian gene expression of inflammatory macrophage markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Thornton
- Montefiore's Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Health, Hartsdale, NY, 10530, USA; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Women's Health, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA; Currently at Reproductive Medicine Associates of New York, Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10022, USA
| | - Zaher Merhi
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA
| | - Sangita Jindal
- Montefiore's Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Health, Hartsdale, NY, 10530, USA; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Women's Health, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Michelle Goldsammler
- Montefiore's Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Health, Hartsdale, NY, 10530, USA; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Women's Health, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Maureen J Charron
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Women's Health, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Erkan Buyuk
- Montefiore's Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Health, Hartsdale, NY, 10530, USA; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Women's Health, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA; Currently at Reproductive Medicine Associates of New York, Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10022, USA.
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4
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Salem W, Ho JR, Woo I, Ingles SA, Chung K, Paulson RJ, McGinnis LK. Long-term imatinib diminishes ovarian reserve and impacts embryo quality. J Assist Reprod Genet 2020; 37:1459-1466. [PMID: 32372302 PMCID: PMC7311628 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-020-01778-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) such as imatinib are commonly used chemotherapeutics, but the effects of long-term treatments on reproductive outlook for cancer survivors are unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of long-term imatinib treatments on follicle development and embryo quality. Since prospective studies are not possible in healthy humans, we have incorporated a commonly used mouse model. METHODS Adult female mice were treated with daily IP injections of imatinib for 4-6 weeks. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to measure imatinib in serum and ovarian tissues. At the end of treatments, females were superovulated and mated to yield fertilized embryos. Oocytes and embryos were collected from oviducts, assessed for development by microscopy, and fertilized embryos were cultured in vitro. Blastocysts were fixed and stained for differential cell counts. RESULTS Long-term imatinib treatments caused a shift in follicle development, with imatinib-treated females having fewer primordial follicles, but an increase in primary and secondary follicles (P < 0.05). There was no effect on ovulation or fertilization rates. However, blastocysts from imatinib-treated females had fewer total cells (P < 0.05) and a significant shift from inner cell mass to increased trophectoderm cells. CONCLUSION This pilot study indicates that long-term TKI treatments may have significant impact on ovarian reserve and embryo developmental capacity. More studies are needed in other model systems to determine the long-term impact of TKIs in patients. Knowing the potential effects of chemotherapeutics on reproductive outlook is critical for quality of life and more research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael Salem
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jacqueline R Ho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Irene Woo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sue A Ingles
- Department of Preventative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Karine Chung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Richard J Paulson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lynda K McGinnis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Kasimanickam R, Kasimanickam V, Kastelic JP, Ramsey K. Metabolic biomarkers, body condition, uterine inflammation and response to superovulation in lactating Holstein cows. Theriogenology 2020; 146:71-79. [PMID: 32062150 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to determine associations between response to superovulation and body condition, subclinical endometritis and circulating metabolic biomarkers [adiponectin, leptin, insulin, IGF1, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α, interleukin (IL) 1β, IL6, and urea] in lactating dairy cows. Ten multiparous lactating Holstein cows in each body condition score (1-5; 1 emaciated; 5 obese) category (BCSC) 2.00 to < 2.50 (BCSC1), 2.50 to < 3.00 (BCSC2), 3.00 to <3.50 (BCSC3), 3.50 to <4.00 (BCSC4) and 4.00 to 5.00 (BCSC5) groups (total n = 50) were randomly selected and superovulated, timed artificially inseminated with frozen-thawed semen from three sires and embryos collected (n = 50 collections). At embryo collection, blood samples and embryo recovery fluid were collected for determination of metabolic markers and presence of subclinical endometritis (lavage technique; > 6% PMN). In total, 379 embryos were collected (average of 7.6 embryos per superovulation). Mean numbers of total ova and embryos was greater for cows in BCSC2, BCSC3 and BCSC4 groups compared with cows in BCSC1 and BCSC5 groups (P < 0.01). Total number of transferrable embryos were greater for cows in BCSC 2 and BCSC3 groups compared with cows in BCSC1, BCSC4 and BCSC5 groups (P < 0.01). Mean number of total ova and embryos and of transferrable embryos was higher for cows with 0 or 1-6% PMN compared to cows with >6% PMN (P < 0.01). In addition, there was a quadratic association between blood urea nitrogen concentrations and % transferrable embryos (r2 = 0.85; P < 0.05) and between BCS and % transferrable embryos (r2 = 0.73; P < 0.05). Circulating adiponectin, leptin, insulin, IGF1 and TNFα were greater in cows with moderate to good body condition compared to thin or obese cows (P < 0.05). Circulating adiponectin, leptin, IGF1 and insulin were greater in normal cows (≤6% PMNs), whereas, TNFα and IL1β and IL6 were greater in cows with subclinical endometritis (P < 0.05). In conclusion, BCS and subclinical endometrial inflammation were associated with superovulatory response and embryo quality. Further, circulating metabolic biomarkers were associated with superovulatory response and embryo quality, likely due to donor's metabolic status and uterine environment. Optimizing superovulatory responses and embryo quality in lactating dairy cows requires management of nutrition and uterine health.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kasimanickam
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA.
| | - V Kasimanickam
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA; Center for Reproductive Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - J P Kastelic
- Department of Production Animal Health, University of Calgary, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - K Ramsey
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
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Guo Y, Wang W, Chen Y, Sun Y, Li Y, Guan F, Shen Q, Guo Y, Zhang W. Continuous gibberellin A3 exposure from weaning to sexual maturity induces ovarian granulosa cell apoptosis by activating Fas-mediated death receptor signaling pathways and changing methylation patterns on caspase-3 gene promoters. Toxicol Lett 2020; 319:175-186. [PMID: 31733319 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Information on the effects of gibberellic acid (gibberellin A3, GA3) on ovarian follicle development is limited. In our present study, 21-day-old female Wistar rats were exposed to GA3 by gavage (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg body weight, once per day) for eight weeks to evaluate the influence of GA3 on ovarian follicle development. After treatment, significant (P < 0.05) increases (to 40.17 % and 44.5 %, respectively) in atretic follicle proportions and significant decreases (to 19.49 % and 17.86 %, respectively) in corpus luteum proportions were observed in the 50 and 100 mg/kg treatment groups compared to the control group. Significant (P < 0.05) increases (to 31.3 % and 42.0 %, respectively) in follicle apoptosis were observed in the 50 and 100 mg/kg treatment groups by transmission electron microscopy and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assays. Significantly increased expression of caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9 and Fas was observed by real-time PCR and Western blotting. Bisulfite sequencing PCR (BSP) revealed obviously decreased total methylation percentages of the caspase-3 promoter region in the two treatment groups. Real-time quantitative PCR also showed significantly decreased mRNA expression of DNA methyltransferase (Dnmt) 3a and Dnmt3b. Further in vitro studies showed that a DNA methylation inhibitor could enhance the GA3-induced increase in the mRNA expression of caspase-3. Overall, our present study indicates that GA3 administration from weaning until sexual maturity can affect ovarian follicle development by inducing apoptosis and suggests that signaling through the Fas-mediated apoptotic pathway may be an important underlying mechanism of this apoptosis. In addition, GA3-induced aberrant DNA methylation patterns might be partly responsible for upregulation of caspase-3 gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Guo
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Wenxiang Wang
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
| | - Yiqin Chen
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yuchen Li
- Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Fangyuan Guan
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Qi Shen
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yiruo Guo
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Wenchang Zhang
- Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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Roser JF, Etcharren MV, Miragaya MH, Mutto A, Colgin M, Losinno L, Ross PJ. Superovulation, embryo recovery, and pregnancy rates from seasonally anovulatory donor mares treated with recombinant equine FSH (reFSH). Theriogenology 2019; 142:291-295. [PMID: 31711702 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The effectiveness of different treatments with recombinant equine FSH to stimulate follicular growth, multiple ovulations and embryo production in seasonally anovulatory mares was evaluated. During mid-winter season (July-August in Argentina, South America) forty light breed donor mares, presenting follicles <10 mm in diameter and no CL at ultrasound examination (deep-anestrus), were randomly assigned (n = 10/group) to one of the following treatments: Group 1: twice daily intramuscular (IM) injections of 0.65 mg reFSH (AspenBio Pharma, CO), Group 2: once daily IM injection of 1.3 mg reFSH, Group 3: twice daily IM injection of 0.32 mg reFSH, and Group 4: once daily IM injection of saline (control). Treatment was administered until a follicle of 35 mm was observed or for a total period of 10 days. When the largest follicle reached ≥35 mm in diameter, treatment was discontinued and 2500 IU hCG was injected intravenously (IV) 36 h later. Mares receiving hCG were inseminated with fresh semen every 48 h until ovulation(s) were detected or one dose of frozen semen (250 × 106 motile sperm) after the first ovulation was detected. Eight days after first ovulation, transcervical embryo recovery was performed. Recovered embryos were non-surgically transferred to anovulatory estrogen/progesterone treated recipients and pregnancy diagnosed by ultrasonography 7, 14 and 21 days later. All mares receiving reFSH, but none receiving saline control, responded to the treatment with follicular growth. On average, 6.5 days of reFSH treatment were required for mares to develop follicles of ovulatory size (>35 mm). Ovulations were detected in 80% of mares in Groups 1 and 2, 50% of mares in Group 3 and in none of Group 4 (Control). Among ovulating mares, no differences in number of ovulations, number of embryos recovered, or pregnancy rates were observed among reFSH treatments. Of treated mares, 6, 7, and 5 produced embryos in Groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The average embryo recovery rate per ovulated mare was 88%. The average embryo recovery rate per ovulation was 43%. Overall, a 59% pregnancy rate was achieved. These results indicate that treatment with reFSH during deep anestrus results in follicular development, ovulation of fertile oocytes, and production of embryos that established viable pregnancies after transfer. Also, a single daily administration of reFSH was as effective as two daily administrations, which allows for a simplified administration regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet F Roser
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Maria V Etcharren
- Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto, Argentina
| | - Marcelo H Miragaya
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, INITRA, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Adrian Mutto
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de General San Martin, Argentina
| | | | - Luis Losinno
- Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto, Argentina
| | - Pablo J Ross
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
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Fang Y, Zhang J, Li Y, Guo X, Li J, Zhong R, Zhang X. Melatonin-induced demethylation of antioxidant genes increases antioxidant capacity through RORα in cumulus cells of prepubertal lambs. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 131:173-183. [PMID: 30472366 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Physical damage and oxidative stress may occur in prepubertal cumulus cells, due to insufficient glutathione synthesis. To determine potential epigenetic mechanisms related to antioxidant effects of melatonin on ovine prepubertal cumulus cells, 30 lambs, 4-wk-old were randomly allocated into two groups: a control (C, n = 20) group and a melatonin (M, n = 10) group given a subcutaneous implant containing 18 mg melatonin. All lambs were superovulated (250 IU FSH and 250 IU eCG). Cumulus cells from germinal vesicle stage cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) were collected by ovarian follicular aspiration and dissociated with hyaluronidase. Compared to the C group, the M group had greater superovulation, better antioxidant capacity, a higher proportion of fully expanded COCs and a lower proportion of apoptotic cumulus cells (P < 0.05). Melatonin up-regulated mRNA expression of genes for melatonin receptors MT1 and nuclear binding site RORα, antioxidants (SOD1, GPx4 and CAT) and cumulus cell expansion (PTX3, HAS2 and PTGS2), as well as Bcl2, but down-regulated expression of Bax (P < 0.05). Regarding epigenetics, there were less methylation at five CpG sites of SOD1, three CpG sites of GPx4 and two CpG sites of CAT in M versus C groups (P < 0.05), leading to lower total methylation of SOD1, GPx4 and CAT promoters region on M group (P < 0.05). In a mechanistic study, addition of MT1 or RORα antagonist increased ROS and MDA concentrations, but decreased T-AOC, GPx, CAT and T-SOD concentrations (P < 0.05), whereas there were no significant difference between the melatonin and MT2 antagonist treatment groups for T-AOC, GPx, CAT and T-SOD concentrations. Furthermore, addition of RORα agonist decreased total DNA methylation of SOD1, GPx4 and CAT, with no significant difference after MT1 agonist treatment. These studies provided new information regarding epigenetic mechanisms by which melatonin promoted ovine prepubertal cumulus cells antioxidant through RORα, both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Fang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Grassland Farming, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agoecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China
| | - Jinlong Zhang
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research Institute of Tianjin, Tianjin 300412, China
| | - Yihai Li
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research Institute of Tianjin, Tianjin 300412, China
| | - Xiaofei Guo
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research Institute of Tianjin, Tianjin 300412, China
| | - Junjie Li
- College of animal science and technology, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, Hebei 071000, China
| | - Rongzhen Zhong
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Grassland Farming, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agoecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China.
| | - Xiaosheng Zhang
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research Institute of Tianjin, Tianjin 300412, China.
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Mohd Mutalip SS, Rajikin MH, Ab Rahim S, Mohamed Noor Khan N. Annatto ( Bixa orellana) δ-TCT Supplementation Protection against Embryonic Malformations through Alterations in PI3K/Akt-Cyclin D1 Pathway. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E19. [PMID: 30634632 PMCID: PMC6358786 DOI: 10.3390/biom9010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Protective action by annatto-derived delta-tocotrienol (δ-TCT) and soy-derived alpha-tocopherol (α-TOC) through the regulation of the PI3K/Akt-cyclin D1 pathway against nicotine-induced DNA damage is the focus of the present study. Nicotine, which has been widely reported to have numerous adverse effects on the reproductive system, was used as a reproductive toxicant. 48 female balb/c mice (6⁻8 weeks) (23⁻25 g) were randomly divided into eight groups (Grp.1⁻Grp.8; n = 6) and treated with either nicotine or/and annatto δ-TCT/soy α-TOC for seven consecutive days. On Day 8, the females were superovulated and mated before euthanization for embryo collection (46 h post-coitum). Fifty 2-cell embryos from each group were used in gene expression analysis using Affymetrix QuantiGene Plex2.0 assay. Findings indicated that nicotine (Grp.2) significantly decreased (p < 0.05) the number of produced 2-cell embryos compared to the control (Grp.1). Intervention with mixed annatto δ-TCT (Grp.3) and pure annatto δ-TCT (Grp.4) significantly increased the number of produced 2-cell embryos by 127% and 79%, respectively compared to Grp.2, but these were lower than Grp.1. Concurrent treatment with soy α-TOC (Grp.5) decreased embryo production by 7%. Supplementations with δ-TCT and α-TOC alone (Grp.6-Grp.8) significantly increased (p < 0.05) the number of produced 2-cell embryos by 50%, 36%, and 41%, respectively, compared to control (Grp.1). These results were found to be associated with alterations in the PI3K/Akt-Cyclin D1 genes expressions, indicating the inhibitory effects of annatto δ-TCT and soy α-TOC against nicotinic embryonic damage. To our knowledge, this is the first attempt in studying the benefits of annatto δ-TCT on murine preimplantation 2-cell embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Syairah Mohd Mutalip
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Puncak Alam Campus, Selangor 42300, Malaysia.
- Maternofetal and Embryo Research Group (MatE), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Selangor 40450, Malaysia.
| | - Mohd Hamim Rajikin
- Maternofetal and Embryo Research Group (MatE), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Selangor 40450, Malaysia.
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Sg. Buloh Campus, Selangor 47000, Malaysia.
| | - Sharaniza Ab Rahim
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Sg. Buloh Campus, Selangor 47000, Malaysia.
| | - Norashikin Mohamed Noor Khan
- Maternofetal and Embryo Research Group (MatE), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Selangor 40450, Malaysia.
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Sg. Buloh Campus, Selangor 47000, Malaysia.
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10
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Zhao X, Wang D, Wu Z, Pan B, Yang H, Zeng C, Zhang M, Liu G, Han H, Zhou G. Female Reproductive Performance in the Mouse: Effect of Oral Melatonin. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23081845. [PMID: 30044372 PMCID: PMC6222631 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23081845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although melatonin has some of the broadest ranges of actions on the physiology of vertebrates, especially on their reproductive processes, the mechanism by which melatonin regulates animal reproduction is still incompletely understood. This study was designed to determine the effect of oral melatonin on the reproductive performance of female mice. Female ICR mice (7 weeks old) were given melatonin-containing water (3, 30 and 300 μg/mL; melatonin) or water only (control) until 10 weeks of age. Then, some of the mice were successfully mated (confirmed by vaginal plugs), and the number of live births and their weights were recorded. Some mice were used for a histological analysis of the number of follicles in the ovaries. Others were used for oocyte collection after superovulation, and in vitro fertilization (IVF) was performed. The mRNA expression of the apopotosis-related genes (BAX, BCL2) in the IVF embryos were analyzed. After melatonin administration, the mice showed similar serum melatonin levels to that of the control. The number of antral follicles per mm² unit area in the 30 μg/mL melatonin-treated group (14.60) was significantly higher than that of the control (7.78), which was lower than that of the 3 μg/mL melatonin-treated group (12.29). The litter size was significantly higher in the 3 μg/mL melatonin-treated group (15.5) than in the control (14.3). After IVF, the hatched blastocyst formation rate in the 30 μg/mL melatonin-treated group (85.70%) was significantly higher than that of the control (72.10%), and it was the same for the BCL2/BAX expression ratio. Although oral melatonin did not appear to have an effect on the serum melatonin rhythm in the mouse, melatonin did increase litter size at the 3 μg/mL dose level, and improved the developmental competency of IVF embryos at the 30 μg/mL level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Zhao
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Dian Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Zhenzheng Wu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Bo Pan
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Haoxuan Yang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Changjun Zeng
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Ming Zhang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Guoshi Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Hongbing Han
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Guangbin Zhou
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
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11
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Pinto PHN, Balaro MFA, Souza-Fabjan JMG, Ribeiro LDS, Bragança GM, Leite CR, Arashiro EKN, de Moraes Silva K, Da Fonseca JF, Brandão FZ. Anti-Müllerian hormone and antral follicle count are more effective for selecting ewes with good potential for in vivo embryo production than the presence of FecG E mutation or eCG pre-selection tests. Theriogenology 2018. [PMID: 29524809 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to compare four different methods for selecting high responding sheep donors for in vivo embryo production. These methods include a pre-selection eCG test (eCG), antral follicle count (AFC), plasma anti-Müllerian hormone measurement (AMH) and genotyping for the presence of the FecGE mutation (a polymorphism in the GDF9 gene associated with increased ovulation rate). Santa Ines ewe lambs (n = 25) underwent superovulation (SOV) with 800 IU equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) and the corpus luteum (CL) count was recorded by laparoscopy after eight days. At the D0eCG, blood samples for AMH and genotyping analysis were collected. Twenty-one days after the end of the eCG test, the same animals underwent SOV with 200 mg of FSH, administered in six decreasing doses, and then naturally mated. Immediately before the beginning of the FSH protocol (D0FSH), and at the moment of the first FSH dose (D9FSH), the AFC was assessed. Plasma AMH was again determined at the D9FSH. After each screening process, animals were classified as having a high (HR), or low (LR), potential of response (using specific thresholds for each method). Then, the ewes' response to SOV and embryo yield for each screening method, classified as HR or LR, were compared. Animals classified as HR by AFC (HRAFC) and by AMH concentration (HRAMH) at the D9FSH, produced more viable embryos than those classified as LRAFC and LRAMH (HRAFC 6.2 ± 3.2 vs LRAFC 2.8 ± 3.0 and HRAMH 6.6 ± 3.6 vs LRAMH 3.0 ± 2.9). Pre-selection tests with eCG and different FecGE genotypes, either heterozygous (+/E) or wild type (+/+), were unable to discriminate HR or LR animals. A tendency (P = 0.06) to have lower plasma AMH was observed in heterozygous FecGE (+/E) ewes. In conclusion, both AFC and plasma AMH can be used to select donor ewes with a higher potential of response for in vivo embryo production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Henrique Nicolau Pinto
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Vital Brazil Filho, 64, CEP 24230-340, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Mario Felipe Alvarez Balaro
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Vital Brazil Filho, 64, CEP 24230-340, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Lilian Dos Santos Ribeiro
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Vital Brazil Filho, 64, CEP 24230-340, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gláucia Mota Bragança
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Vital Brazil Filho, 64, CEP 24230-340, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ceci Ribeiro Leite
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Vital Brazil Filho, 64, CEP 24230-340, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Kenji Nunes Arashiro
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Vital Brazil Filho, 64, CEP 24230-340, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Jeferson Ferreira Da Fonseca
- Embrapa Caprinos e Ovinos, Núcleo Regional Sudeste, Rodovia MG 133 Km 42, CEP 36155-000, Coronel Pacheco, MG, Brazil
| | - Felipe Zandonadi Brandão
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Vital Brazil Filho, 64, CEP 24230-340, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
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12
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Lee M, Ahn JI, Lee AR, Ko DW, Yang WS, Lee G, Ahn JY, Lim JM. Adverse Effect of Superovulation Treatment on Maturation, Function and Ultrastructural Integrity of Murine Oocytes. Mol Cells 2017; 40:558-566. [PMID: 28756654 PMCID: PMC5582302 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2017.0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Regular monitoring on experimental animal management found the fluctuation of ART outcome, which showed a necessity to explore whether superovulation treatment is responsible for such unexpected outcome. This study was subsequently conducted to examine whether superovulation treatment can preserve ultrastructural integrity and developmental competence of oocytes following oocyte activation and embryo culture. A randomized study using mouse model was designed and in vitro development (experiment 1), ultrastructural morphology (experiment 2) and functional integrity of the oocytes (experiment 3) retrieved after PMSG/hCG injection (superovulation group) or not (natural ovulation; control group) were evaluated. In experiment 1, more oocytes were retrieved following superovulation than following natural ovulation, but natural ovulation yielded higher (p < 0.0563) maturation rate than superovulation. The capacity of mature oocytes to form pronucleus and to develop into blastocysts in vitro was similar. In experiment 2, a notable (p < 0.0186) increase in mitochondrial deformity, characterized by the formation of vacuolated mitochondria, was detected in the superovulation group. Multivesicular body formation was also increased, whereas early endosome formation was significantly decreased. No obvious changes in other microorganelles, however, were detected, which included the formation and distribution of mitochondria, cortical granules, microvilli, and smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum. In experiment 3, significant decreases in mitochondrial activity, ATP production and dextran uptake were detected in the superovulation group. In conclusion, superovulation treatment may change both maturational status and functional and ultrastuctural integrity of oocytes. Superovulation effect on preimplantation development can be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myungook Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826,
Korea
| | - Jong Il Ahn
- Research Institutes of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826,
Korea
| | - Ah Ran Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826,
Korea
| | - Dong Woo Ko
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826,
Korea
| | - Woo Sub Yang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826,
Korea
| | - Gene Lee
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080,
Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Ahn
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826,
Korea
| | - Jeong Mook Lim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826,
Korea
- Research Institutes of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826,
Korea
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13
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Hayes E, Kushnir V, Ma X, Biswas A, Prizant H, Gleicher N, Sen A. Intra-cellular mechanism of Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) in regulation of follicular development. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 433:56-65. [PMID: 27235859 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is a member of the transforming growth factor-β superfamily and plays a crucial role in testicular and ovarian functions. In clinical practice, AMH is used as a diagnostic and/or prognostic marker in women in association with ovulation induction and in various pathophysiological conditions. Despite widespread clinical use of AMH, our mechanistic understanding of AMH actions in regulating follicular development is limited. Using a mouse model, we in this study report that in vivo AMH treatment while stalls follicular development and inhibits ovulation, also prevents follicular atresia. We further show that these AMH actions are mediated through induction of two miRNAs, miR-181a and miR-181b, which regulate various aspects of FSH signaling and follicular growth, ultimately affecting downstream gene expression and folliculogenesis. We also report that in this mouse model AMH pre-treatment prior to superovulation improves oocyte yield. These studies, therefore, offer new mechanistic insight into AMH actions in folliculogenesis and point toward potential utilization of AMH as a therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Hayes
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Vitaly Kushnir
- Center for Human Reproduction, New York, NY 10021, USA; Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Xiaoting Ma
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Anindita Biswas
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Hen Prizant
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Norbert Gleicher
- Center for Human Reproduction, New York, NY 10021, USA; The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Aritro Sen
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; Center for Human Reproduction, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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14
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Park SJ, Kim TS, Kim JM, Chang KT, Lee HS, Lee DS. Repeated Superovulation via PMSG/hCG Administration Induces 2-Cys Peroxiredoxins Expression and Overoxidation in the Reproductive Tracts of Female Mice. Mol Cells 2015; 38:1071-8. [PMID: 26486164 PMCID: PMC4696998 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2015.0173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Superovulation induced by exogenous gonadotropin treatment (PMSG/hCG) increases the number of available oocytes in humans and animals. However, Superovulatory PMSG/hCG treatment is known to affect maternal environment, and these effects may result from PMSG/hCG treatment-induced oxidative stress. 2-Cys peroxiredoxins (2-Cys Prxs) act as antioxidant enzymes that protect cells from oxidative stress induced by various exogenous stimuli. Therefore, the objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that repeated PMSG/hCG treatment induces 2-Cys Prx expression and overoxidation in the reproductive tracts of female mice. Immunohistochemistry and western blotting analyses further demonstrated that, after PMSG/hCG treatment, the protein expression levels of 2-Cys Prxs increased most significantly in the ovaries, while that of Prx1 was most affected by PMSG/hCG stimulation in all tissues of the female reproductive tract. Repeated PMSG/hCG treatment eventually leads to 2-Cys Prxs overoxidation in all reproductive organs of female mice, and the abundance of the 2-Cys Prxs-SO2/3 proteins reported here supports the hypothesis that repeated superovulation induces strong oxidative stress and damage to the female reproductive tract. Our data suggest that excessive oxidative stress caused by repeated PMSG/hCG stimulation increases 2-Cys Prxs expression and overoxidation in the female reproductive organs. Intracellular 2-Cys Prx therefore plays an important role in maintaining the reproductive organ environment of female mice upon exogenous gonadotropin treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Ji Park
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701,
Korea
| | - Tae-Shin Kim
- Embryology Laboratory, Neway Fertility, 115 East 57th Street Suite 500 New York, NY 10022,
USA
| | - Jin-Man Kim
- Cancer Research Institute and Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 301-747,
Korea
| | - Kyu-Tae Chang
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806,
Korea
| | - Hyun-Shik Lee
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701,
Korea
| | - Dong-Seok Lee
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701,
Korea
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15
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Entering the age of ‘ultra-superovulation’. Lab Anim (NY) 2015; 44:289. [PMID: 26415242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
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16
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Wu B, Shi Y, Gong X, Yu L, Chen Q, Wang J, Sun Z. Evaluation of follicular synchronization caused by estrogen administration and its reproductive outcome. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127595. [PMID: 26010950 PMCID: PMC4444187 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate multiple follicular development synchronization after estrogen stimulation in prepubertal mice, follicular responsiveness to gonadotropin superovulation, the prospective reproductive potential and ovarian polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)-like symptoms at adulthood, prepubertal mice were intraperitoneally injected with estrogen to establish an animal model with solvent as control. When synchronized tertiary follicles in ovaries, in vitro oocyte maturation and fertilization rates, blastocyst formation rate, developmental potential into offspring by embryo transfer, adult fertility and PCOS-like symptoms, and involved molecular mechanisms were focused, it was found that estrogen stimulation (10 μg/gBW) leads to follicular development synchronization at the early tertiary stage in prepubertal mice; reproduction from oocytes to offspring could be realized by means of the artificial reproductive technology though the model mice lost their natural fertility when they were reared to adulthood; and typical symptoms of PCOS, except changes in inflammatory pathways, were not remained up to adulthood. So in conclusion, estrogen can lead to synchronization in follicular development in prepubertal mice, but does not affect reproductive outcome of oocytes, and no typical symptoms of PCOS remained at adulthood despite changes related to inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bi Wu
- Shanghai Medical College, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Contraceptive Drugs and Devices of National Population and Family Planning Commission of China, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xia Gong
- Department of Food Science, Shanghai Business School, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Lin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Contraceptive Drugs and Devices of National Population and Family Planning Commission of China, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Qiuju Chen
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Contraceptive Drugs and Devices of National Population and Family Planning Commission of China, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Zhaogui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Contraceptive Drugs and Devices of National Population and Family Planning Commission of China, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
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17
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Siddappa D, Beaulieu É, Gévry N, Roux PP, Bordignon V, Duggavathi R. Effect of the transient pharmacological inhibition of Mapk3/1 pathway on ovulation in mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119387. [PMID: 25803847 PMCID: PMC4372293 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3/1 (Mapk3/1) pathway is critical for LH signal transduction during ovulation. However, the mechanisms remain incompletely understood. We hypothesized that Mapk pathway regulates ovulation through transcriptional regulation of ovulatory genes. To test this hypothesis we used immature mice superovulated with equine and human chorionic gonadotropins (eCG and hCG) and PD0325901, to inhibit hCG-induced Mapk3/1 activity. Mice received either the inhibitor PD0325901 (25 μg/g, i.p.) or vehicle at 2h before hCG stimulation. Administration of the inhibitor abolished Mapk3/1 phosphorylation in granulosa cells. While vehicle-treated mice ovulated normally, there were no ovulations in inhibitor-treated mice. First, we analyzed gene expression in granulosa cells at 0h, 1h and 4h post-hCG. There was expected hCG-driven increase in mRNA abundance of many ovulation-related genes including Ptgs2 in vehicle-treated granulosa cells, but not (P<0.05) in inhibitor-treated group. There was also reduced mRNA and protein abundance of the transcription factor, early growth response 1 (Egr1) in inhibitor-treated granulosa cells. We then used GRMO2 cell-line to test if Egr1 is recruited to promoter of Ptgs2 followed by chromatin immunoprecipitation with either Egr1 or control antibody. Enrichment of the promoter regions in immunoprecipitants of Egr1 antibody indicated that Egr1 binds to the Ptgs2 promoter. We then knocked down Egr1 expression in mouse primary granulosa cells using siRNA technology. Treatment with Egr1-siRNA inhibited Egr1 transcript accumulation, which was associated with reduced expression of Ptgs2 when compared to control-siRNA treated granulosa cells. These data demonstrate that transient inhibition of LH-stimulated MAPK3/1 activity abrogates ovulation in mice. We conclude that Mapk3/1 regulates ovulation, at least in part, through Egr1 and its target gene, Ptgs2 in granulosa cells of ovulating follicles in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayananda Siddappa
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Élaine Beaulieu
- Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Nicolas Gévry
- Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Philippe P. Roux
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Vilceu Bordignon
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Raj Duggavathi
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
- * E-mail:
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18
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Yenkie KM, Diwekar U. Uncertainty in clinical data and stochastic model for in vitro fertilization. J Theor Biol 2014; 367:76-85. [PMID: 25484007 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In vitro fertilization (IVF) is the most widely used technique in assisted reproductive technologies (ART). It has been divided into four stages; (i) superovulation, (ii) egg retrieval, (iii) insemination/fertilization and (iv) embryo transfer. The first stage of superovulation is a drug induced method to enable multiple ovulation, i.e., multiple follicle growth to oocytes or matured follicles in a single menstrual cycle. IVF being a medical procedure that aims at manipulating the biological functions in the human body is subjected to inherent sources of uncertainty and variability. Also, the interplay of hormones with the natural functioning of the ovaries to stimulate multiple ovulation as against single ovulation in a normal menstrual cycle makes the procedure dependent on several factors like the patient's condition in terms of cause of infertility, actual ovarian function, responsiveness to the medication, etc. The treatment requires continuous monitoring and testing and this can give rise to errors in observations and reports. These uncertainties are present in the form of measurement noise in the clinical data. Thus, it becomes essential to look at the process noise and account for it to build better representative models for follicle growth. The purpose of this work is to come up with a robust model which can project the superovulation cycle outcome based on the hormonal doses and patient response in a better way in presence of uncertainty. The stochastic model results in better projection of the cycle outcomes for the patients where the deterministic model has some deviations from the clinical observations and the growth term value is not within the range of '0.3-0.6'. It was found that the prediction accuracy was enhanced by more than 70% for two patients by using the stochastic model projections. Also, in patients where the prediction accuracy did not increase significantly, a better match with the trend of the clinical data was observed in case of the stochastic model projections as compared to their deterministic counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirti M Yenkie
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607, USA; Center for Uncertain Systems: Tools for Optimization and Management (CUSTOM), Vishwamitra Research Institute, Clarendon Hills, IL 60514, USA
| | - Urmila Diwekar
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607, USA; Center for Uncertain Systems: Tools for Optimization and Management (CUSTOM), Vishwamitra Research Institute, Clarendon Hills, IL 60514, USA.
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Joo BS, Jung IK, Park MJ, Joo JK, Kim KH, Lee KS. Differential expression of pluripotent and germ cell markers in ovarian surface epithelium according to age in female mice. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2014; 12:113. [PMID: 25421381 PMCID: PMC4280751 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-12-113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies have proposed that putative ovarian stem cells (OSCs) derived from the ovarian surface epithelium (OSE) layer of adult mammalian ovaries can produce oocytes. Few studies have reported that ovaries of aged mammalian females including mice and women possess rare premeiotic germ cells that can generate oocytes. However, no studies have reported the changes of OSCs according to the age of the female. Therefore, this study evaluated pluripotent and germ cell marker expression in the intact ovary, scraped OSE, and postcultured OSE according to age in female mice. METHODS C57BL/6 female mice of 2 age groups (6-8 and 28-31 weeks) were superovulated by injection with 5 IU equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG). Both ovaries were removed after 48 hours and scrapped to obtain OSE. Gene expressions of pluripotent (Oct-4, Sox-2, Nanog) and germ cell markers (c-Kit, GDF-9, and VASA) were evaluated by RT-PCR. VASA and GDF-9 were immune-localized in oocyte-like structures. RESULTS Expressions of germ cell markers in the intact ovary were significantly decreased in aged females, whereas expressions of pluripotent markers were not detected, regardless of age. Scraped OSE expression of all pluripotent and germ cell markers, except for c-Kit, was similar between both age groups. Three weeks postcultured OSE had significantly decreased expression of GDF-9 and VASA , but not c-Kit, in old mice, as compared to young mice; however there was no difference in the expression of other genes. The number of positively stained Oct-4 by immunohistochemistry in postcultured OSE was 2.5 times higher in young mice than aged mice. Oocyte-like structure was spontaneously produced in postcultured OSE. However, while that of young mice revealed a prominent nucleus, zona pellucida-like structure and cytoplasmic organelles, these features were not observed in old mice. CONCLUSIONS These results show that aged female mice have putative OSCs in OSE, but their differentiation potential, as well as the number of OSCs differs from those of young mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Sun Joo
- Research Center for Anti-Aging Technology Development, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - In Kook Jung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Min Jung Park
- Research Center for Anti-Aging Technology Development, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Jong Kil Joo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Ki Hyung Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Kyu-Sup Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
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Małysz-Cymborska I, Andronowska A. Expression of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor system in porcine oviducts after induction of ovulation and superovulation. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2014; 49:86-95. [PMID: 25124278 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2014.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This study was performed to determine the influence of insemination as well as treatment with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) on expression of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) system in porcine oviducts. In the first experiment, 10 gilts were assigned to 2 groups: cyclic (treated with phosphate-buffered saline; n = 5) and inseminated (n = 5). In experiment II, 15 gilts were assigned to 3 groups: inseminated (control; n = 5), induced ovulation and inseminated (750 IU eCG, 500 IU hCG; n = 5), and superovulated and inseminated (1500 IU eCG, 1000 IU hCG; n = 5). Oviducts (isthmus and ampulla) were collected 3 days after phosphate-buffered saline treatment (experiment I) or insemination. Blood samples were collected during slaughter for E2 (estradiol) and P4 (progesterone) analysis. Levels of messenger RNA (mRNA) of the VEGF system were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction and protein by Western blot and E2 and P4 using radioimmunoassays. Insemination by itself decreased VEGF120 mRNA expression and VEGF-A protein level in the oviductal isthmus (P < 0.05) but did not alter VEGF164 mRNA. Expression of Flt-1 (c-fms-like tyrosine kinase VEGFR-1) mRNA increased in the isthmus of inseminated relative to cyclic gilts (P < 0.05), whereas KDR (fetal liver kinase-1 VEGFR-2) mRNA levels decreased in both the oviductal isthmus (P < 0.05) and ampulla (P < 0.001). Superovulation decreased VEGF120 and VEGF164 mRNA expression in the isthmus compared with the inseminated group (P < 0.05), and lowered protein levels of VEGF-A in the isthmus of both stimulated groups (P < 0.001). Expression of Flt-1 mRNA was affected by hCG and eCG treatment in both gonadotropin-stimulated groups in the isthmus as well as in the ampulla (P < 0.001) and protein levels in the ampulla of superovulated gilts (P < 0.05). Protein levels of KDR were reduced in the oviductal ampulla of gilts in both the induced ovulation and superovulated groups (P < 0.05). The concentrations of both E2 and P4 increased significantly in superovulated group of gilts (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05 for E2 and P4, respectively). Our study showed that insemination alone as well as ovarian stimulation affected the mRNA and protein profiles of the VEGF system in the porcine oviduct. Disrupted VEGF system expression may be crucial to many events occurring during the periovulatory period and consequently could lead to deprivation of VEGF-dependent factors that are necessary for proper fertilization, gamete transport, and embryo development.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Małysz-Cymborska
- Department of Hormonal Action Mechanisms, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - A Andronowska
- Department of Hormonal Action Mechanisms, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland.
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Wang L, Zhuo ZY, Shi WQ, Tan DX, Gao C, Tian XZ, Zhang L, Zhou GB, Zhu SE, Yun P, Liu GS. Melatonin promotes superovulation in sika deer (Cervus nippon). Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:12107-18. [PMID: 25007067 PMCID: PMC4139832 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150712107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the effects of melatonin (MT) on superovulation and reproductive hormones (melatonin, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and PRL) were investigated in female sika deer. Different doses (40 or 80 mg/animal) of melatonin were subcutaneously implanted into deer before the breeding season. Exogenous melatonin administration significantly elevated the serum FSH levels at the time of insemination compared with levels in control animals. During superovulation, the serum LH levels in donor sika deer reached their highest values (7.1 ± 2.04 ng/mL) at the point of insemination, compared with the baseline levels (4.98 ± 0.07 ng/mL) in control animals. This high level of LH was sustained until the day of embryo recovery. In contrast, the serum levels of PRL in the 80 mg of melatonin-treated group were significantly lower than those of control deer. The average number of corpora lutea in melatonin-treated deer was significantly higher than that of the control (p < 0.05). The average number of embryos in the deer treated with 40 mg of melatonin was higher than that of the control; however, this increase did not reach significant difference (p > 0.05), which may be related to the relatively small sample size. In addition, embryonic development in melatonin-treated groups was delayed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100091, China.
| | - Zhi-Yong Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100091, China.
| | - Wen-Qing Shi
- Animal Husbandry Station of Beijing, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Dun-Xian Tan
- Department of Cellular & Structural Biology, the UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | - Chao Gao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100091, China.
| | - Xiu-Zhi Tian
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100091, China.
| | - Lu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100091, China.
| | - Guang-Bin Zhou
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University (Chengdu Campus), Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Shi-En Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100091, China.
| | - Peng Yun
- Animal Husbandry Station of Beijing, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Guo-Shi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100091, China.
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Abstract
CONTEXT Anovulation is likely responsible for 20% of female infertility. Although clomiphene citrate remains the first-line therapy for ovulation induction in anovulatory patients who are not estrogen-deficient and to treat unexplained infertility, there remains a discrepancy between ovulation and conception rates with its use, attributed to its antiestrogenic effects on cervical mucus and the endometrium. Alternative agents, including aromatase inhibitors, have been used that have not been associated with these side effects. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION A literature search was conducted to specifically explore the use of aromatase inhibitors for ovulation induction and superovulation. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Recent studies have found that aromatase inhibitors may be safe and useful agents for ovulation induction in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome as well a treatment option for superovulation in patients with either unexplained infertility or endometriosis. CONCLUSIONS Aromatase inhibitors may be an effective alternative treatment to clomiphene citrate for both ovulation induction and superovulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Ellen Pavone
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern University, 250 East Superior Street, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
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Guo J, Li D, Liu C, Ji XL, Li R, Du XG. [Intervention of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation cycle by Chinese medical herbs for Shen tonifying, blood nourishing and activating: a randomized clinical trial]. Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi 2013; 33:484-487. [PMID: 23841268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the effect of Chinese medical herbs for Shen tonifying, blood nourishing and activating (CMHSTBNA) on the cycle of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) of assisted reproductive technique (ART). METHODS A large sample randomized control trial was performed. Infertility women patients, younger than 42 years (infertility due to tubal factor and/or male factor) were randomly assigned to the CMHSTBNA intervention group (abbreviated as the treated group) and the control group, 184 cases in each group. All underwent COH. Those in the treated group received assist therapy of CMHSTBNA from the menstrual period day 2 -3 of COH to the day of oocytes retrieved. The serum hormone level [including estrogen (E2), progesterone(P), luteal hormone (LH) on the day of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) administration], the medication days and dosage of gonadotropin (Gn), the number of oocytes retrieved, the fertilization rate, and the good-quality embryo rate were observed and compared with the control group. RESULTS The endometrial thickness on the day of oocytes retrieved was 10.85 +/- 1.63 mm in the treated group, larger than that in the control group (10.50 +/- 1.49 mm) (P <0.05). The good-quality embryo rate and the frozen rate were 48. 9% and 39. 7% respectively in the treated group, superior to those of the control group (45. 4% and 35. 8% respectively), showing statistical difference (P < 0.05). On the day of hCG administration, favorable tendency was shown in the serum levels of estradial (E2), progesterone (P), luteinizing hormone (LH), the medication days and dosage of Gn, the number of oocytes retrieved, the fertilization rate, and the cleavage rate, showing no statistical difference when compared with the control group (P >0.05). CONCLUSION The combined application of CMHSTBNA and gonado-trophic hormones in COH cycle could elevate the embryo quality, improve the endometrial state, thus laying foundation for successful in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm embryo transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Guo
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Diao H, Xiao S, Li R, Zhao F, Ye X. Distinct spatiotemporal expression of serine proteases Prss23 and Prss35 in periimplantation mouse uterus and dispensable function of Prss35 in fertility. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56757. [PMID: 23451081 PMCID: PMC3579851 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PRSS23 and PRSS35 are homologous proteases originally identified in mouse ovaries. In the periimplantation mouse uterus, Prss23 was highly expressed in the preimplantation gestation day 3.5 (D3.5) uterine luminal epithelium (LE). It disappeared from the postimplantation LE and reappeared in the stromal compartment next to the myometrium on D6.5. It was undetectable in the embryo from D4.5 to D6.5 but highly expressed in the embryo on D7.5. Prss35 became detectable in the uterine stromal compartment surrounding the embryo on D4.5 and shifted towards the mesometrial side of the stromal compartment next to the embryo from D5.5 to D7.5. In the ovariectomized uterus, Prss23 was moderately and Prss35 was dramatically downregulated by progesterone and 17β-estradiol. Based on the expression of Prss35 in granulosa cells and corpus luteum of the ovary and the early pregnant uterus, we hypothesized that PRSS35 might play a role in female reproduction, especially in oocyte development, ovulation, implantation, and decidualization. This hypothesis was tested in Prss35((-/-)) mice, which proved otherwise. Between wild type (WT) and Prss35((-/-)) mice, superovulation of immature females produced comparable numbers of cumulus-oocyte complexes; there were comparable numbers of implantation sites detected on D4.5 and D7.5; there were no obvious differences in the expression of implantation and decidualization marker genes in D4.5 or D7.5 uteri. Comparable mRNA expression levels of a few known protease-related genes in the WT and Prss35((-/-)) D4.5 uteri indicated no compensatory upregulation. Comparable litter sizes from WT × WT and Prss35((-/-))× Prss35((-/-)) crosses suggested that Prss35 gene was unessential for fertility and embryo development. Prss35 gene has been linked to cleft lip/palate in humans. However, no obvious such defects were observed in Prss35((-/-)) mice. This study demonstrates the distinct expression of Prss23 and Prss35 in the periimplantation uterus and the dispensable role of Prss35 in fertility and embryo development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglu Diao
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Shuo Xiao
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
- Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
- Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Fei Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
- Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Xiaoqin Ye
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
- Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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de Souza LB, Dupras R, Mills L, Chorfi Y, Price CA. Effect of synchronization of follicle-wave emergence with estradiol and progesterone and superstimulation with follicle-stimulating hormone on milk estrogen concentrations in dairy cattle. Can J Vet Res 2013; 77:75-78. [PMID: 23814359 PMCID: PMC3525175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2011] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Very little is known about the effects of hormonal synchronization of follicle waves and superovulation on the estrogen content of a cow's milk. The objective of this study was to determine the effect in dairy cows of synchronization with estradiol-17β (E2) and progesterone (P4) on milk E2 concentrations and to compare these levels with those achieved during superstimulation for 4 d with porcine follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). The milk E2 concentrations were raised significantly above pretreatment levels (P < 0.05) for 2 d after synchronization, the mean peak being 40.2 ± 18.5 (standard error) pg/mL and the pretreatment mean 1.5 ± 0.5 pg/mL. The mean peak E2 concentration during ovarian stimulation was 4.4 ± 0.7 pg/mL. The mean E2 concentration was significantly higher (P < 0.05) after synchronization than during superstimulation for the 1st milking after synchronization but not subsequent milkings. The milk estrone concentrations were above pretreatment levels for 1 d after synchronization and were not different from those observed during superstimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Christopher A. Price
- Address all correspondence to Dr. Christopher A. Price; telephone: 450-773-8521; fax: 450-778-8103; e-mail:
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Zhang L, Chai M, Tian X, Wang F, Fu Y, He C, Deng S, Lian Z, Feng J, Tan DX, Liu G. Effects of melatonin on superovulation and transgenic embryo transplantation in small-tailed han sheep (Ovis aries). Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2013; 34:294-301. [PMID: 23803865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, the effects of melatonin on superovulation and the transfer of transgenic embryos were investigated in Small-Tailed Han sheep. DESIGN Different doses of melatonin (0, 40 or 80 mg/animal) were subcutaneously implanted into both multiparous (4-5 years old) donors and recipients before superovulation and estrus synchronization. The one-year-old young ewes without melatonin treatment served to evaluate the reproductive efficiency of the adult multiparous ewes. Ewes with superovulation were used as embryo donors. The estrus were induced in embryo recipients after embryo transpimplanted. RESULTS The results showed that the number of corpora lutea of the ewes received subcutaneous 40 or 80 mg melatonin implant (13.4±1.05/ewe, 15.1±1.62/ewe) were significantly higher than that of in control group (8.8±0.37/ewe) (p<0.05). Similarily the number of recovered embryos from the ewes received subcutaneous 40 or 80 mg melatonin implant (10.3±0.84/ewe, 10.9±1.21/ewe) was significantly higher than the control group (6.2±0.60/ewe) (p<0.05). The transimplantd embryos from 40 or 80 mg melatonin treated donors dramatically improved the pregnancy and birth rates compared to control ewes. In addition, both 40 mg and 80 mg melatonin implatation lead to more lambs born per embryo. CONCLUSIONS These observations provide valuable information for the application of melatonin in increasing superovulation and transgenic embryo transplantation efficiency in sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Chasombat J, Sakhong D, Nagai T, Parnpai R, Vongpralub T. Superstimulation of follicular growth in Thai native heifers by a single administration of follicle stimulating hormone dissolved in polyvinylpyrrolidone. J Reprod Dev 2012; 59:214-8. [PMID: 23257835 PMCID: PMC3934207 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2012-119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 11/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was undertaken to determine whether a single i.m. injection of FSH dissolved in 10 ml of 30% (wt/vol) polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP; MW=40,000) to form FSHp would induce follicular growth in Thai native heifers and to determine its optimal dose. In Group 1, heifers (n=4) were given multiple i.m. injections of FSHp every 12 h for 3 days at decreasing doses, for a total of 100 mg (control). In Groups 2, 3 and 4, heifers (n=4 in each group) were given single i.m. injections of FSHp at 50, 100 and 150 mg. All heifers received a single injection of 750 μg PGF2α 48 h after the initiation of exogenous FSH treatment. Ovaries of treated heifers were examined by transrectal ultrasonography every day until they showed estrus. Group 3 showed significantly higher numbers of ovulation follicles, significantly higher growth rates of follicles per day and significantly larger diameters of follicles and corpora lutea than groups 1 and 2 but not Group 4 (P<0.05). Group 4 showed significantly higher numbers of large follicles (≥5 mm in diameter), unovulated follicles and ovulations, a significantly higher growth rate of follicles per day, and significantly larger diameters of follicles and corpora lutea (P<0.05) than those of the other groups. This indicates a state of overstimulation of ovaries in this group. Besides, the plasma levels of FSH in Group 4 were significantly higher (P<0.05) than in the other group and were maintained in the range of 2.2-0.7 ng/ml over a period of 6 to 66 h after the FSHp injection. Meanwhile, the plasma levels of P4 and E2 did not differ in any of the groups in the period of 0 to 96 h during the superstimulation program. In conclusion, it was demonstrated that a single i.m. injection of 100 mg FSHp was the most effective dose for superstimulation of follicular growth in Thai native heifers under the experimental conditions in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakkhaphan Chasombat
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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Keebaugh AC, Modi ME, Barrett CE, Jin C, Young LJ. Identification of variables contributing to superovulation efficiency for production of transgenic prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster). Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2012; 10:54. [PMID: 22839095 PMCID: PMC3488334 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-10-54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Accepted: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster) is an emerging animal model for biomedical research because of its rich sociobehavioral repertoire. Recently, lentiviral transgenic technology has been used to introduce the gene encoding the green fluorescent protein (GFP) into the prairie vole germline. However, the efficiency of transgenesis in this species is limited by the inability to reliably produce large numbers of fertilized embryos. Here we examined several factors that may contribute to variability in superovulation success including, age and parentage of the female, and latency to mating after being placed with the male. METHODS Females produced from 5 genetically distinct breeder lines were treated with 100 IU of pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) and immediately housed with a male separated by a perforated Plexiglas divider. Ovulation was induced 72 hr later with 30 IU of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and 2 hrs later mating was allowed. RESULTS Superovulation was most efficient in young females. For example, females aged 6-11 weeks produced more embryos (14 +/- 1.4 embryos) as compared to females aged 12-20 weeks (4 +/- 1.6 embryos). Females aged 4-5 weeks did not produce embryos. Further, females that mated within 15 min of male exposure produced significantly more embryos than those that did not. Interestingly, there was a significant effect of parentage. For example, 12 out of 12 females from one breeder pair superovulated (defined as producing 5 or more embryos), while only 2 out of 10 females for other lines superovulated. CONCLUSIONS The results of this work suggest that age and genetic background of the female are the most important factors contributing to superovulation success and that latency to mating is a good predictor of the number of embryos to be recovered. Surprisingly we found that cohabitation with the male prior to mating is not necessary for the recovery of embryos but is necessary to recover oocytes. This information will dramatically reduce the number of females required to generate embryos for transgenesis in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaine C Keebaugh
- Center for Translational Social Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Emory University School of Medicine, Division of Behavioral Neuroscience and Psychiatric Disorders, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Meera E Modi
- Center for Translational Social Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Emory University School of Medicine, Division of Behavioral Neuroscience and Psychiatric Disorders, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Catherine E Barrett
- Center for Translational Social Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Emory University School of Medicine, Division of Behavioral Neuroscience and Psychiatric Disorders, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Chengliu Jin
- Transgenic and Gene Targeting Core, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Larry J Young
- Center for Translational Social Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Emory University School of Medicine, Division of Behavioral Neuroscience and Psychiatric Disorders, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Ouhilal S, Vuguin P, Cui L, Du XQ, Gelling RW, Reznik SE, Russell R, Parlow AF, Karpovsky C, Santoro N, Charron MJ. Hypoglycemia, hyperglucagonemia, and fetoplacental defects in glucagon receptor knockout mice: a role for glucagon action in pregnancy maintenance. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2012; 302:E522-31. [PMID: 22167521 PMCID: PMC3311287 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00420.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in insulin signaling as well as insulin action predispose to infertility as well as adverse pregnancy outcomes; however, little is known about the role of glucagon signaling in reproduction. The glucagon receptor knockout (Gcgr(-/-)) mouse created by our laboratory was used to define the role of glucagon signaling in maintaining normal reproduction. In this mouse model, lack of glucagon signaling did not alter the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis. Pregnant Gcgr(-/-) female mice displayed persistent hypoglycemia and hyperglucagonemia. Gcgr(-/-) pregnancies were associated with decreased fetal weight, increased late-gestation fetal demise, and significant abnormalities of placentation. Gcgr(-/-) placentas contained areas of extensive mineralization, fibrinoid necrosis, narrowing of the vascular channels, and a thickened interstitium associated with trophoblast hyperplasia. Absent glucagon signaling did not alter glycogen content in Gcgr(-/-) placentas but significantly downregulated genes that control growth, adrenergic signaling, vascularization, oxidative stress, and G protein-coupled receptors. Our data suggest that, similarly to insulin, glucagon action contributes to normal female reproductive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Ouhilal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10467, USA
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Luo C, Zuñiga J, Edison E, Palla S, Dong W, Parker-Thornburg J. Superovulation strategies for 6 commonly used mouse strains. J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci 2011; 50:471-478. [PMID: 21838974 PMCID: PMC3148645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2010] [Revised: 01/04/2011] [Accepted: 02/14/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We examined different weight ranges and hormone dosages to determine superovulation protocols for 6 mouse strains commonly used in genetic engineering: C57BL/6NHsd, B6(Cg)-Tyr(c-2J)/J, B6D2F1/Hsd, FVB/NHsd, BALB/cAnNCr, and Crl:CD1(ICR). Mice from each strain were divided into groups based on weight roughly corresponding to those of 3-, 4-, 5-, and 6-wk-old mice. Mice were treated with 5 IU pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) and 5 IU human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG). The weights of mice that produced maximal numbers of oocytes in response to these doses were 14.2 g or less for C57BL/6NHsd, 13.7 g or less for B6(Cg)-Tyr(c-2J)/J, 6.0 to 9.9 g for B6D2F1/Hsd, 14.5 to 16.4 g for FVB/NHsd, 14.8 g or less for BALB/cAnNCr, and 23.5 g or more for Crl:CD1(ICR). We then compared PMSG dosages of 5 and 2.5 IU per mouse and determined whether 2 doses of PMSG (5 or 2.5 IU, depending on prior results) administered 1 wk apart, followed by the standard HCG injection, would produce more oocytes when compared to a single dose of PMSG. FVB, B6D2F1, BALB/c, and CD1 mice responded best to a single dose of 5 IU of each hormone, whereas B6(Cg)-Tyr (c-2J)/J mice produced more oocytes after 2.5 IU PMSG. Although C57BL/6 mice given the standard dose produced good numbers of oocytes, the number was higher after 2 doses of PMSG at 5 IU per dose. We conclude that response to superovulation can be optimized based on mouse strain, weight, and the dose and timing of hormone injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlie Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Genetically Engineered Mouse Facility, University of Texas MD
| | - Juliana Zuñiga
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Earnessa Edison
- Departments of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Texas MD
| | - Shana Palla
- Departments of Biostatistics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Wenli Dong
- Departments of Biostatistics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Jan Parker-Thornburg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Genetically Engineered Mouse Facility, University of Texas MD
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Fouda UM, Sayed AM. Extended letrozole regimen versus clomiphene citrate for superovulation in patients with unexplained infertility undergoing intrauterine insemination: a randomized controlled trial. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2011; 9:84. [PMID: 21693030 PMCID: PMC3135532 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-9-84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2010] [Accepted: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this randomized controlled trial was to compare the efficacy of extended letrozole regimen with clomiphene citrate in women with unexplained infertility undergoing superovulation and intrauterine insemination (IUI). METHODS Two hundred and fourteen patients with unexplained infertility were randomized into two equal groups using computer generated list and were treated by either letrozole 2.5 mg/day from cycle day 1 to 9 (extended letrozole group, 211 cycles) or clomiphene citrate 100 mg/day from cycle day 3 to 7 (clomiphene citrate group,210 cycles). Intrauterine insemination was performed 36 to 40 hours after HCG administration. RESULTS Both groups were comparable with regard to number of mature follicles (2.24 +/- 0.80 Vs 2.13 +/- 0.76) and the day of HCG administration. Serum estradiol was significantly greater in clomiphene citrate group (356 +/- 151 Vs 822 +/- 302 pg/ml, P = < 0.001) and the endometrial thickness was significantly greater in extended letrozole group (9.10 +/- 1.84 Vs 8.18 +/- 1.93 mm, P = < 0.001).The pregnancy rate per cycle and cumulative pregnancy rate were significantly greater in extended letrozole group (18.96% Vs 11.43% and 37.73% Vs 22.86%, respectively). CONCLUSION The extended letrozole regimen had a superior efficacy as compared with clomiphene citrate in patients of unexplained infertility undergoing superovulation and IUI. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01232075.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usama M Fouda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Sayed
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Mattos MCC, Bastos MR, Guardieiro MM, Carvalho JO, Franco MM, Mourão GB, Barros CM, Sartori R. Improvement of embryo production by the replacement of the last two doses of porcine follicle-stimulating hormone with equine chorionic gonadotropin in Sindhi donors. Anim Reprod Sci 2011; 125:119-23. [PMID: 21470801 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2011.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2010] [Revised: 02/11/2011] [Accepted: 02/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the superovulatory (SOV) response of Sindhi (Bos indicus) donors submitted to an ovarian follicular superstimulatory protocol replacing the last two doses of pFSH by eCG. Forty-eight SOV treatments were performed in a crossover design in 19 nulliparous and primiparous females that were randomly divided into two groups: FSH (n=24), which consisted of eight pFSH injections, or FSH/eCG (n=24), which consisted of six pFSH injections followed by two eCG injections. Each female underwent two or three SOV treatments that consisted of an i.m. injection of 2mg estradiol benzoate and the insertion of an intravaginal progesterone-releasing device on Day 0. On Day 4, superstimulatory treatments were initiated and 100mg pFSH was divided into twice daily decreasing doses over a 4-day period. In the FSH/eCG group, the last two doses of pFSH were replaced by two doses of eCG (150 IU eCG each). At the time of the fifth and sixth injections of FSH, 0.150 mg PGF(2α) was injected i.m. The intravaginal progesterone-releasing device was removed at the time of the last FSH or eCG injection and ovulation was induced with 0.2 mg GnRH 18 h later. All females were artificially inseminated with frozen-thawed semen from the same bull 6 and 18 h after GnRH treatment. Seven days after GnRH treatment, embryos/ova were recovered and classified. Follicular superstimulatory (number of follicles ≥6mm at the time of the last FSH or eCG injection) and SOV (CL number) responses were determined by transrectal ultrasonography. Data were analyzed using generalized linear models and results were presented as least squares means±standard error. The FSH/eCG group had higher superstimulatory (33.8±3.9 compared to 23.8±2.6 follicles; P=0.03) and SOV (16.8±2.9 compared to 10.8±2.1 CL; P=0.10) responses. Although the number of total ova/embryos was not different between groups (8.2±1.8 compared to 5.9±1.4 for FSH/eCG and FSH groups, respectively; P=0.25), the number (5.8±1.3 compared to 2.6±0.7; P=0.02) and percentage (75.6±5.7 compared to 53.2±9.7%; P=0.05) of transferable embryos was greater for the FSH/eCG females. Therefore, there was improvement in follicular superstimulatory and SOV responses and embryo quality in FSH/eCG-treated females.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C C Mattos
- Department of Animal Reproduction and Radiology, FMVZ, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP 18618-970, Brazil
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El-Gayar M, Gauly M, Holtz W. In vitro and in vivo survival of mouse blastocysts after repeated vitrification with the open pulled straw (OPS) method. Cryo Letters 2010; 31:454-459. [PMID: 21410014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This study addresses the in vitro and in vivo survival of mouse embryos repeatedly vitrified by the OPS-technique of Vajta et al. (24). Of 225 vitrified blastocysts, after warming one third was cultured in vitro, the other two-thirds were re-vitrified. After these were warmed, the second third was put to culture. With the remaining third the procedure was repeated. Of embryos vitrified once, 97% developed to expanded blastocysts and 81% proceeded to hatching. Corresponding values for embryos re-vitrified once were 93% and 72%, respectively (P > 0.05). After another re-vitrification, expansion and hatching rates were reduced to 76% and 35%, respectively (P < 0.01). Of 10 recipients provided with 10 embryos each that had been vitrified once, 80% remained pregnant with 5.5 +/- 0.3 fetuses. Corresponding values for re-vitrified embryos were 80% and 5.0 +/- 0.3. Of all embryos transferred, 44% became vital fetuses after a single vitrification, compared to 40% after revitrification.
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Affiliation(s)
- M El-Gayar
- Department of Animal Science, Georg-August-University, Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 3, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
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Singavarapu R, Buchinsky N, Cheon DJ, Orsulic S. Whole ovary immunohistochemistry for monitoring cell proliferation and ovulatory wound repair in the mouse. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2010; 8:98. [PMID: 20712898 PMCID: PMC2929235 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-8-98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2010] [Accepted: 08/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian surface epithelial cells are thought to be a precursor cell type for ovarian carcinoma. It has been proposed that an increased rate of ovarian surface epithelial cell proliferation during ovulatory wound repair contributes to the accumulation of genetic changes and cell transformation. The proliferation of ovarian surface epithelial cells during ovulatory wound repair has been studied primarily using immunohistochemical staining of paraffin-embedded ovary sections. However, such analyses require complex reconstruction from serially-cut ovary sections for the visualization and quantification of the cells on the ovarian surface. In order to directly visualize the proliferation and organization of the ovarian surface epithelial cells, we developed a technique for immunohistochemical staining of whole mouse ovaries. Using this method, we analyzed cell proliferation and morphologic changes in mouse ovarian surface epithelial cells during follicle growth and ovulatory wound repair. METHODS Three-week old FVB/N female mice were superovulated by sequential administration of pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin (PMSG) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Ten hours after hCG administration, mice were given 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU) and euthanized two hours after BrdU administration for ovary isolation. The levels of incorporated BrdU in the ovarian surface epithelial cells were measured by staining paraffin-embedded ovary sections and whole ovaries with the BrdU antibody. Re-epithelialization of the ovarian surface after ovulatory rupture was visualized by immunohistochemical staining with E-cadherin and Keratin 8 in paraffin-embedded ovary sections and whole ovaries. RESULTS We determined that active proliferation of ovarian epithelial surface cells primarily occurs during antral follicle formation and, to a lesser extent, in response to an ovulatory wound. We also demonstrated that ovarian surface epithelial cells exhibit a circular organization around the wound site CONCLUSION Whole ovary immunohistochemistry enables efficient and comprehensive three-dimensional visualization of ovarian surface epithelial cells without the need for laborious reconstruction from immunohistochemically-stained serial ovary sections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajasekhar Singavarapu
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Natalie Buchinsky
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dong-Joo Cheon
- Women's Cancer Research Institute at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sandra Orsulic
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Women's Cancer Research Institute at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Badawy A, Elnashar A, Totongy M. Clomiphene citrate or aromatase inhibitors combined with gonadotropins for superovulation in women undergoing intrauterine insemination: a prospective randomised trial. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2010; 30:617-21. [PMID: 20701514 DOI: 10.3109/01443615.2010.497873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to test the use of letrozole in combination with follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) vs clomiphene citrate (CC) with FSH for ovarian hyperstimulation prior to intrauterine insemination (IUI). A prospective randomised trial in which 280 women with unexplained infertility were randomised to 100 mg of CC (141 patients, 219 cycles) or 5 mg of letrozole daily (139 patients, 215 cycles) for 5 days starting on day 3 of menses both combined with gonadotropins for ovarian stimulation prior to IUI. The primary outcome measures were the number of growing and mature follicles, the concentrations of serum E2 (pg/ml) and progesterone (ng/ml), and the endometrial thickness (mm). The secondary outcome measure was the occurrence of pregnancy and miscarriage. The total number of follicles was significantly greater in the CC group (4.1 +/- 0.46 vs 2.6 +/- 0.43). There was no significant difference in endometrial thickness between the two groups. Pregnancy occurred in 33 out of 139 patients (215 cycles) in the letrozole group (23.7% and 15.3%, respectively) and 37 out of 141 patients (219 cycles) (26.2% and 16.8%, respectively) in the CC group; the differences were not statistically significant. The allied use of either CC or letrozole, during ovarian stimulation to reduce the dose of gonadotropins prior to IUI is justified. This approach will reduce the cost of stimulation protocols without effect on the treatment outcome and letrozole has no advantage over CC in this respect.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Badawy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
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Wahlberg P, Nylander A, Ahlskog N, Liu K, Ny T. Expression and localization of the serine proteases high-temperature requirement factor A1, serine protease 23, and serine protease 35 in the mouse ovary. Endocrinology 2008; 149:5070-7. [PMID: 18566130 DOI: 10.1210/en.2007-1736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Proteolytic degradation of extracellular matrix components has been suggested to play an essential role in the occurrence of ovulation. Recent studies in our laboratory have indicated that the plasminogen activator and matrix metalloproteinase systems, which were previously believed to be crucial for ovulation, are not required in this process. In this study we have used a microarray approach to identify new proteases that are involved in ovulation. We found three serine proteases that were relatively highly expressed during ovulation: high-temperature requirement factor A1 (HtrA1), which was not regulated much during ovulation; serine protease 23 (PRSS23), which was down-regulated by gonadotropins; and serine protease 35 (PRSS35), which was up-regulated by gonadotropins. We have further investigated the expression patterns of these proteases during gonadotropin-induced ovulation in immature mice and in the corpus luteum (CL) of pseudopregnant mice. We found that HtrA1 was highly expressed in granulosa cells throughout follicular development and ovulation, as well as in the forming and regressing CL. PRSS23 was highly expressed in atretic follicles, and it was expressed in the ovarian stroma and theca tissues just before ovulation. PRSS35 was expressed in the theca layers of developing follicles. It was also highly induced in granulosa cells of preovulatory follicles. PRSS35 was also expressed in the forming and regressing CL. These data suggest that HtrA1 and PRSS35 may be involved in ovulation and CL formation and regression, and that PRSS23 may play a role in follicular atresia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Wahlberg
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
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Callejas S, Alberio R, Cabodevila J, Aller J, Catalano R, Teruel M, Dulout F. Effect of progesterone administration on the ovarian response to superovulatory treatments in cattle. Anim Reprod Sci 2008; 107:9-19. [PMID: 17644282 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2007.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2006] [Accepted: 06/11/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate ovarian response in Angus cows previously treated with progesterone (P4), animals were randomly assigned to two groups: T600 group (n=14), 600 mg of P4/day. P4 was injected from days 3 to 7 of the estrous cycle. On day 7, superovulatory treatments began. The control group (n=12) was given vehicle only. The superovulatory treatments in the control group began on days 7-9 of the estrous cycle. The superovulatory total treatment dose of 400mg NIH FSH P1 was given twice a day over a 4-day period. Ultrasonography of the ovaries was conducted 3 days preceding the initiation of superovulatory treatment, every 24h. In both groups, an additional ultrasonographic evaluation was made at 24h after the end of superovulatory treatment. Blood samples were collected 4 days preceding the initiation of superovulatory treatment, every 24h. Additional samples were taken from the P600 group for 12 day after of initiation of superovulatory treatment every 24h, except on the fifth day after the initiation of superovulatory treatment. In the P600 group, P4 concentrations were greater than in the control group (P<0.01) and remained over 1 ng/ml up to day 11 after beginning of superovulatory treatment. The diameter of the dominant follicle was larger in the animals of the control group (P<0.01). Cows of the P600 group had a greater number of Class I (3-4mm) follicles (P<0.01). A significant day and treatment effect (P<0.01) were observed in Class II (5-9 mm) follicles. Effects due to treatment on the number of Class III follicles (P<0.05) were observed. In the P600 group, no estrous post-superovulatory was observed and there were no ovulations that occurred. Conversely, 100% of the cows of the control group showed estrous. In the P600 group, there were a greater number of Class III follicles (P<0.01) and a lesser number of Class II follicles (P<0.05) at 24h after the end of superovulatory. In the control group, 66.7% of the cows responded to superovulatory treatments. In conclusion, the daily administration of 600 mg of P4, from days 3 to 7 of the estrous cycle, produces an increase of plasma concentrations of this hormone from day 4, resulting in changes in follicular dynamics (absence of follicles greater than 10mm of diameter and an increase of the population of Class I follicles). As to the ovarian stimulation using Folltropin V in animals receiving a daily injection of 600 mg of P4 from days 3 to 7 of the estrous cycle, a greater population of follicles>or=10mm developed by 24h after superovulatory treatments were completed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Callejas
- Area de Reproducción (FISFARVET), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Campus Universitario, Paraje Arroyo Seco S/N, B7000GHG Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Lamb GC, Brown DR, Larson JE, Dahlen CR, Dilorenzo N, Arthington JD, Dicostanzo A. Effect of organic or inorganic trace mineral supplementation on follicular response, ovulation, and embryo production in superovulated Angus heifers. Anim Reprod Sci 2008; 106:221-31. [PMID: 17513073 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2007.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2006] [Accepted: 04/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We determined whether source of trace mineral supplementation prior to embryo collection affected embryo production and quality. Angus half-sibling heifers (n=20) originating from a common herd were assigned to three treatment groups using a 3 x 3 latin square design replicated in time (3 x) and space (6 x complete and 1x incomplete): (1) heifers received no added mineral to their diet (control; n=53); (2) heifers received a commercially available organic mineral supplement (organic; n=52); or (3) heifers received an all inorganic mineral supplement (inorganic; n=55). All heifers had ad libitum access to hay and were fed a supplement containing corn and soybean meal. Treatments were initiated 23 days prior to embryo recovery. Heifers were given a 45-day adaptation period of no mineral supplementation before initiating a new treatment. Ovarian structures were evaluated using transrectal ultrasonography to determine the presence and number of follicles and CL on each ovary. The mean number of recovered ova/embryos was similar among treatments (4.1+/-0.7, 3.8+/-0.7, and 3.3+/-0.7 for control, inorganic, and organic treatments, respectively), the number of unfertilized oocytes was greater (P<0.05) for inorganic (2.3+/-0.5) and control (1.6+/-0.5) treated heifers than organic (0.4+/-0.4) treated heifers. No differences among treatments existed for the number of degenerate or transferable embryos, but individual heifer influenced the total number of embryos/ova, unfertilized ova, and transferable embryos recovered. We conclude that heifer accounted for the greatest differences in embryo production and quality. Source of trace mineral supplementation did not significantly alter embryo number or quality in superovulated purebred Angus heifers fed a well-balanced diet, meeting all trace mineral requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Cliff Lamb
- North Central Research and Outreach Center, University of Minnesota, 1861 Highway 169E, Grand Rapids, MN 55744, USA.
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Sales JNS, Dias LMK, Viveiros ATM, Pereira MN, Souza JC. Embryo production and quality of Holstein heifers and cows supplemented with β-carotene and tocopherol. Anim Reprod Sci 2008; 106:77-89. [PMID: 17485181 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2007.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2006] [Accepted: 04/03/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The hypothesis was that the intramuscular injection (i.m.) of beta-carotene associated to tocopherol improves cow (n=86) and heifer (n=91) embryo production and quality. Time of estrus was synchronized in animals with an ear implant with 3 mg of norgestomet associated with an i.m. injection of 6 mg of norgestomet and 10mg of estradiol valerate (CRESTAR, Intervert International B.V., Boxmeer, Holland) and superovulated by 8 i.m. FSH/LHp injections (400 IU-heifers and 500 IU-cows) in decreasing concentrations at 12h intervals. Animals were inseminated 12 and 24h after observed onset of estrus and embryos recovered 7 days later. Animals were randomly allocated to one of three treatments: (1) vegetable oil vehicle (control), (2) 800 mg of beta-carotene and 500 mg of tocopherol (T800) and (3) 1200 mg of beta-carotene and 750 mg of tocopherol (T1200). Supplemental injections were given at the day norgestomet implants were inserted and at first superovulatory injection. An index (Embryo Quality Index or EQI) was proposed to more precisely evaluate embryo quality (excellent*1 + good*2 + regular*3 + poor*4 + degenerate*5 + unfertilized ova*5)/total. There was an interaction between physiological stage (heifer or cow) and treatment on EQI (P=0.01) and on the proportion of viable embryos (P=0.03), where both variables were improved in T1200 cows, but not in heifers. The average EQI for heifers and cows in control, T800 and T1200 were 2.6+/-0.3 and 3.6+/-0.3; 2.5+/-0.3 and 3.6+/-0.3; 2.9+/-0.3 and 2.7+/-0.3, respectively. The average total number of viable embryos was greater (P=0.01) in supplemented cows (3.5+/-1.1; 5.4+/-1.4 and 7.5+/-1.2 in control, T800 and T1200, respectively), but less (P=0.01) in heifers (7.5+/-1.2; 5.6+/-1.2 and 4.0+/-1.1 in control, T800 and T1200, respectively). Supplementation injections of beta-carotene associated to tocopherol improved embryo quality in superovulated Holstein cows, in the present experimental conditions and may be advantageous in similar embryo production systems. However, at dosages applied in the present experiment, this treatment should not be recommended for nulliparous heifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- J N S Sales
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras-MG, Brazil
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Topipat C, Choktanasiri W, Jultanmas R, Weerakiet S, Wongkularb A, Rojanasakul A. A comparison of the effects of clomiphene citrate and the aromatase inhibitor letrozole on superovulation in Asian women with normal ovulatory cycles. Gynecol Endocrinol 2008; 24:145-50. [PMID: 18335329 DOI: 10.1080/09513590801895609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the effect of the aromatase inhibitor letrozole and clomiphene citrate (CC) on superovulation in women with normal ovulation. METHODS A cross-over randomized study of 22 women with normal ovulation, divided randomly into two equal cohorts, was carried out. Each group of 11 women was randomly allocated to take letrozole or CC for one cycle. After washing out for one cycle, the alternative drug was administered in the subsequent cycle. The number and size of mature follicles, endometrial thickness, and estradiol and progesterone levels were monitored. RESULTS The number of mature follicles and estradiol levels on ovulation day were significantly lower in the letrozole group than the CC group (p < 0.05 for both). However, no differences between the two groups in endometrial thickness and pattern were observed. Progesterone levels showed ovulation in all cycles. CONCLUSIONS The administration of 50 mg CC on days 3-5 was superior to 2.5 mg letrozole for superovulation induction in women with normal ovulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chutima Topipat
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Simonetti L, Forcada F, Rivera OE, Carou N, Alberio RH, Abecia JA, Palacin I. Simplified superovulatory treatments in Corriedale ewes. Anim Reprod Sci 2008; 104:227-37. [PMID: 17331680 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2007.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2006] [Accepted: 01/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Two experiments were designed to evaluate the possibility of simplifying superovulatory treatments in Corriedale ewes with use of ovine FSH (oFSH). Ewes received intravaginal progestogen sponges for 14 days. In Experiment 1, several simplified schedules were tested. Ewes were treated with 176 NIH-FSH-S1 units' oFSH given as a single injection in saline, along with 500 IU eCG 48 h before sponge removal (Group A1), in four equal doses (B1), or given as a single injection in a polyvinylpyrrolidone vehicle (C1) 24 h before sponge removal. In Experiment 2, the simplified protocol that exhibited the most desirable results in Experiment 1 (A2) was compared with the same protocol, but using less oFSH (132 units) (B2) and with the most conventional protocol (176 units of oFSH in eight decreasing doses; C2). Estrus was detected and ewes were naturally mated. The ovarian response and embryo production were assessed on Day 6 after estrus. LH was measured at 6h intervals from pessary withdrawal. The onset of estrus and the pre-ovulatory LH surge were advanced (P<0.05) in ewes treated with FSH and eCG. In Experiment 1, protocol A1 produced a greater percentage of superovulated ewes compared to C1 (100.0 compared with 58.3%; P<0.05), increased ovulation rate (13.8 corpora lutea compared with 6.2 and 4.7 for B1 and C1, respectively; P<0.05), and tended to increase the number of transferable embryos compared to B1 (P=0.08). In Experiment 2, percentages of superovulated ewes and ovulation rates were similar among groups; however, Group A2 tended to have more large follicles (P=0.07) than C2. The number of transferable embryos was similar among the three treatments. In conclusion, the reduced-dose oFSH given once along with eCG is the most appropriate superovulatory treatment because it combines simplicity and a lesser dose of gonadotropin, which also implies a reduction in cost, without reducing embryo production.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Simonetti
- Animal Production, School of Agrarian Sciences, National University of Lomas de Zamora, Ruta 4 Km. 2, 1836 Llavallol, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Chorfi Y, Lanevschi A, Dupras R, Girard V, Tremblay A. Serum biochemical parameters and embryo production during superovulatory treatment in dairy cattle. Res Vet Sci 2007; 83:318-21. [PMID: 17367831 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2007.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2005] [Revised: 11/28/2006] [Accepted: 01/18/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between the number of transferable embryos (TE) and various blood chemistry parameters as a reflection of the metabolic state of cows after superovulatory treatment. Forty-nine Holstein cows were subjected to superovulatory treatment for commercial embryo production. At the time of embryo harvest, individual blood samples were taken from cows for biochemical analysis. All embryos including dead ones as well as non-fertilized oocytes were counted in uterine lavage. Feed samples collected daily for a period of two weeks before embryo harvest, were analyzed for mycotoxins: vomitoxin, zearalenone and T-2 toxin. On average, cows produced 9.45+/-5.60 embryos and oocytes of which 5.27+/-4.20 were TE, 0.37+/-0.80 were dead embryos and 3.82+/-3.78 were non-fertilized oocytes. Higher concentrations of Mg and K were associated with a higher production of TE (p=0.005 and p=0.043, respectively) and higher activity of creatinine kinase was associated with a lower production of TE (p=0.011).
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Affiliation(s)
- Younès Chorfi
- Département de Biomédecine Vétérinaire, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 Sicotte St-Hyacinthe, Que. Canada J2S 7C6.
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Logan NL, McCue PM, Alonso MA, Squires EL. Evaluation of three equine FSH superovulation protocols in mares. Anim Reprod Sci 2007; 102:48-55. [PMID: 17188438 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2006.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2006] [Accepted: 09/29/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Superovulation could potentially increase embryo recovery for immediate transfer or cryopreservation. The objectives were to evaluate the effect of pretreatment with progesterone and estradiol (P+E) on follicular response to eFSH and compare doses of eFSH and ovulatory agents on follicular development and ovulation in mares. In Experiment 1, 40 mares were assigned to one of four treatment groups. Group 1 consisted of untreated controls. Group 2 mares were administered eFSH without pretreatment with P+E. Group 3 mares were administered P+E for 10 days starting in mid-diestrus followed by eFSH therapy. Group 4 mares were administered P+E for 10 days followed by eFSH therapy. All treated mares were administered 12.5mg eFSH twice daily and prostaglandins were given on the second day of eFSH therapy. Mares were bred with fresh semen the day of hCG administration and with cooled semen the following day. The numbers of preovulatory follicles and ovulations were lower for mares treated with P+E prior to eFSH treatment. Pretreatment with P+E in estrus also resulted in a lower embryo recovery rate per ovulation compared to the other two eFSH treatment groups. In Experiment 2, two doses of eFSH (12.5 and 6.25mg) and two ovulation-inducing agents (hCG and deslorelin) were evaluated. The number of preovulatory follicles was greater for mares given 12.5mg of eFSH compared to mares given 6.25mg. Number of ovulations was greatest for mares given 12.5mg of eFSH twice daily followed by administration of hCG. Embryo recovery per flush was similar among treatment groups, but the percent of embryos per ovulation was higher for mares given the low dose of eFSH. In summary, there was no advantage to giving P+E prior to eFSH treatment. In addition, even though the lower dose of eFSH resulted in fewer ovulations, embryo recovery per flush and embryo recovery per ovulation were similar or better for those given the lower dose of eFSH.
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Affiliation(s)
- N L Logan
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Foothills Campus, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1683, USA
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Son DS, Choe CY, Cho SR, Choi SH, Kim HJ, Kim IH. The effect of reduced dose and number of treatments of FSH on superovulatory response in CIDR-treated Korean native cows. J Reprod Dev 2007; 53:1299-303. [PMID: 17827881 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.19045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of dosage and number of days of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) treatment on superovulatory response in controlled internal drug release (CIDR)-treated Korean native cows. Forty cows underwent two superovulatory treatments with a crossover design. Cows, at random stages of the estrous cycle, received a CIDR together with injections of 1 mg estradiol benzoate and 50 mg progesterone, and gonadotropin treatment began 4 days later. The cows were divided into 2 groups based on the dosage and number of days of treatment with porcine FSH; a total of 28 mg FSH was given in twice daily intramascular injections in decreasing doses over 4 days (5, 5, 4, 4, 3, 3, 2 and 2 mg; T1 group, n=20) or a total of 24 mg FSH was given in twice daily decreasing doses over 3 days (5, 5, 4, 4, 3 and 3 mg; T2 group, n=20). This was followed by the alternate treatment in the subsequent superovulation. The cows were treated identically in all other respects. PGF(2alpha) (25 mg and 15 mg) was given with the 5th and 6th injections of FSH, CIDR were withdrawn at the 6th FSH injection and the cows received 200 microg GnRH 36 h after CIDR withdrawal. The cows were artificially inseminated twice, at 48 and 60 h after CIDR withdrawal, using commercial semen from four Korean native bulls, and embryos were recovered 6 or 7 days after the 2nd insemination. The numbers of corpora lutea (CL; 7.9+/-1.0 vs. 8.3+/-1.1) and large follicles (1.2+/-0.2 vs. 1.3+/-0.3) present at the time embryo recovery, as detected by ultrasonography, did not differ between the T1 and T2 groups (P>0.05). Similarly, the numbers of total ova/embryos (6.2+/-0.9 vs. 6.4+/-1.1), transferable embryos (3.4+/-0.8 vs. 3.2+/-0.7), degenerate embryos (0.8+/-0.2 vs. 1.0+/-0.3) and unfertilized ova (2.1+/-0.5 vs. 2.2+/-0.5) did not differ between the groups (P>0.05). These data indicate that a reduced dose (24 vs. 28 mg) and number of treatments (6 vs. 8) of FSH for superovulation of CIDR-treated Korean native cows does not affect the embryo yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Soo Son
- Animal Genetic Resources Station, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Namwon, Korea.
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Thangavelu G, Colazo MG, Ambrose DJ, Oba M, Okine EK, Dyck MK. Diets enriched in unsaturated fatty acids enhance early embryonic development in lactating Holstein cows. Theriogenology 2007; 68:949-57. [PMID: 17850856 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2007.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2007] [Revised: 07/14/2007] [Accepted: 07/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We hypothesized that a diet enriched in alpha-linolenic acid would enhance embryonic development relative to diets enriched in linoleic or saturated fatty acids. Twenty-four lactating Holstein cows (86+/-22 d postpartum) were assigned to one of three diets containing saturated fatty acids (SAT; high in palmitic and stearic acids), whole flaxseed (FLX; high in alpha-linolenic acid) or sunflower seed (SUN; high in linoleic acid). Rations were formulated to provide 750 g supplemental fat/cow/d in all dietary groups. Ovulation (Day 0) was synchronized approximately 20 d after diets began. Ultrasound-guided follicular ablation of all follicles >8 mm was performed 5 d after ovulation; super stimulatory treatments began 2 d after follicular ablation, and embryos were collected non-surgically 7 d after AI. Fertilization rate, numbers of follicles and ovulations, and total and transferable embryos did not differ (P>0.05) among dietary groups. Sixty-one transferable embryos were stained and total blastomere number determined. Blastomere number was affected by diet (P<0.01); without regard to stage of development, embryos collected from cows fed SAT had lower (P<0.01) blastomere numbers (mean+/-S.E.M.; 77.1+/-3.9) than those from cows fed FLX (93.4+/-3.3) or SUN (97.2+/-3.5). Differences were most evident in the expanded blastocyst stage; at this stage, embryos of cows fed FLX and SUN diets had more blastomeres (P<0.02) than those of cows fed SAT (115.4+/-6.3, 132.3+/-8.3, and 89.3+/-9.6 cells, respectively). Although our hypothesis was only partially supported, embryonic development was enhanced in Holstein cows fed unsaturated fatty acids compared to those fed saturated fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Thangavelu
- Dairy Research and Technology Centre, Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, ALTA, Canada
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Miao YL, Shi LH, Lei ZL, Huang JC, Yang JW, Ouyang YC, Sun QY, Chen DY. Effects of caffeine on in vivo and in vitro oocyte maturation in mice. Theriogenology 2007; 68:640-5. [PMID: 17576000 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2007.04.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2007] [Accepted: 04/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to investigate, using a mouse model, the effects of caffeine on the number of ovulated oocytes, the rate of oocyte maturation, the susceptibility of oocytes to activating stimuli, spindle morphology, and distribution of cortical granules (CGs). Mice were given caffeine (150 mg/kg body weight ip) at various times relative to hCG (-2, 0, and +2h); in an in vitro study, 1, 5 or 10 mM caffeine was added to the maturation culture. Caffeine had no effect on the quality of oocytes in vivo maturation, but caffeine was detrimental to the quality of oocytes matured in vitro. Further studies are needed to determine caffeine concentration in follicles relative to that in culture medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Liang Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang, Beijing, PR China
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Burdette JE, Oliver RM, Ulyanov V, Kilen SM, Mayo KE, Woodruff TK. Ovarian epithelial inclusion cysts in chronically superovulated CD1 and Smad2 dominant-negative mice. Endocrinology 2007; 148:3595-604. [PMID: 17431007 DOI: 10.1210/en.2007-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Chronic ovulation as a contributing factor for the development of epithelial ovarian cancer in women has long been an outstanding hypothesis. To test the incessant ovulation hypothesis, mice were superovulated using weekly ip injections of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (5 IU/animal), followed 48 h later by human chorionic gonadotropin (5 IU/animal). Wild-type CD1 mice were used along with CD1 mice expressing a Smad2 dominant-negative (Smad2DN) transgene under the control of the Müllerian inhibiting substance promoter that targets expression to the ovary and enhances cyst formation. After chronic injections, ovaries were analyzed from animals 6 months of age for the total adjusted number of cysts, cyst area, cyst location, and key signaling pathways. All observed cysts were confirmed to be of epithelial origin. The number of cysts was not significantly different between superovulated and control mice in either the wild-type or Smad2DN groups. However, the combination of the Smad2DN transgene and superovulation resulted in an increase in cyst formation compared with normal littermates that were unstimulated. Rapid proliferation of the cells lining the cysts was detected using bromodeoxyuridine and phospho-histone 3 immunohistochemistry but was not different in the ovarian surface epithelium or in the cyst lining between groups. These data suggest that chronic superovulation in Smad2DN mice results in a higher incidence of cyst formation compared with unstimulated controls, but the epithelial lined cysts did not progress to cancer over the course of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna E Burdette
- Institute for Women's Health Research, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
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Abstract
Equine follicle stimulating hormone (eFSH) has been used to induce follicular development in transitional mares and problem acyclic mares, as well as superovulate cycling mares. The most efficacious protocol is to administer 12.5 mg eFSH, intramuscularly, twice daily beginning 5 to 7 days after ovulation when the diameter of the largest follicle is 20 to 25 mm. Prostaglandins are to be administered on the second day of eFSH therapy. Treatment with eFSH is continued for 3 to 5 days until follicle(s) are >or=35 mm in diameter. The mare is subsequently allowed to 'coast' for 36 h, after which human chorionic gonadotropin is administered to induce ovulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M McCue
- Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO 80523, and Rood and Riddle Equine Hospital, Lexington, KY 40580, United States.
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Lin YH, Seow KM, Hsieh BC, Huang LW, Chen HJ, Huang SC, Chen CY, Chen PH, Hwang JL, Tzeng CR. Application of GnRH antagonist in combination with clomiphene citrate and hMG for patients with exaggerated ovarian response in previous IVF/ICSI cycles. J Assist Reprod Genet 2007; 24:331-6. [PMID: 17636445 PMCID: PMC3454942 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-007-9127-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2006] [Accepted: 03/12/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate if the combination of clomiphene citrate, hMG, and cetrorelix (CC/hMG/cetrorelix protocol) can be applied to patients who had excessive response to GnRHa long protocol. METHODS Fifty patients who coasted and failed to conceive in their first cycles stimulated with GnRHa long protocol were stimulated with CC/hMG/cetrorelix protocol. The peak serum estradiol levels, the need of coasting and prolonged coasting (>/=4 days), and the incidences of OHSS were compared. RESULTS The peak estradiol level was significantly lower with CC/hMG/cetrorelix protocol compared to GnRHa long protocol. With CC/hMG/cetrorelix protocol, only four patients (8%) needed coasting and no one coasted >/=4 days. In contrast, in the first cycles, 11 patients (22%) needed coasting >/=4 days. The incidence of moderate OHSS was significantly lower with CC/hMG/cetrorelix protocol. CONCLUSIONS The CC/hMG/cetrorelix protocol is an acceptable alternative protocol for patients who had excessive response to GnRHa long protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hung Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, No. 95 Wen Chang Road, Shih Lin District, Taipei, 111 Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kok-Min Seow
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, No. 95 Wen Chang Road, Shih Lin District, Taipei, 111 Taiwan
| | - Bih-Chwen Hsieh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, No. 95 Wen Chang Road, Shih Lin District, Taipei, 111 Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lee-Wen Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, No. 95 Wen Chang Road, Shih Lin District, Taipei, 111 Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Heng-Ju Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, No. 95 Wen Chang Road, Shih Lin District, Taipei, 111 Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chia Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, No. 95 Wen Chang Road, Shih Lin District, Taipei, 111 Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yu Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, No. 95 Wen Chang Road, Shih Lin District, Taipei, 111 Taiwan
| | - Pei-Hsin Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, No. 95 Wen Chang Road, Shih Lin District, Taipei, 111 Taiwan
| | - Jiann-Loung Hwang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, No. 95 Wen Chang Road, Shih Lin District, Taipei, 111 Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ruey Tzeng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Son DS, Choe CY, Choi SH, Rae-Cho S, Kim HJ, Han MH, Ryu IS, Suh GH, Kim UH, Kim IH. Effect of estradiol benzoate or GnRH treatment prior to superstimulation in CIDR-treated, Korean native cows (Bos taurus). Anim Reprod Sci 2007; 100:14-21. [PMID: 16876342 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2006.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2006] [Revised: 05/15/2006] [Accepted: 06/12/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of superovulatory protocols by synchronizing the emergence of the follicular wave using estradiol benzoate (EB) or GnRH in CIDR-treated, Korean cows. Sixty-six cows were used in the study and these were divided into three groups. The standard group comprised cows that were between days 8 and 12 of their estrous cycle (n=22). The remaining 44 cows, at all other stages of the estrous cycle, received CIDR and were assigned to two treatment groups that received either 2mg EB (EB-CIDR group, n=22) or 100 microg GnRH (GnRH-CIDR group, n=22) 1 day after CIDR insertion. Gonadotropin treatment began between the 8th and 12th days of the estrous cycle in the standard group, 5 days after EB injection in the EB-CIDR group, and 3 days after GnRH injection in the GnRH-CIDR group. All cows were superovulated with porcine FSH (pFSH) twice daily, with the dose (total 28 mg) decreasing gradually over 4 days. On the 5th and 6th injections of pFSH, 25 and 15 mg doses of PGF(2alpha) were administered. CIDR was withdrawn at the 7th pFSH injection and the cows received 200 microg GnRH at 24h after CIDR withdrawal. Cows were artificially inseminated twice at 36 and 48 h post-CIDR withdrawal and embryos were recovered 7 days after the 1st insemination. The numbers of preovulatory follicles (22.9-28.2), ovulated preovulatory follicles (17.6-21.7) and CL (15.9-17.9) detected by ultrasonography did not differ among groups (P>0.05). Similarly, the numbers of total ova (6.7-10.0), transferable embryos (4.0-6.0), degenerate embryos (1.1-1.8) and unfertilized ova (1.3-4.3) did not differ among groups (P>0.05). Progesterone and estradiol concentrations during superovulation treatments and at embryo recovery were also the same in all groups (P>0.05). We conclude that in CIDR-treated Korean native cows, superovulatory treatments that follow administration of either EB or GnRH (at any stage of the estrous cycle) result in both a superovulatory response and embryo yield comparable to conventional superovulation protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Soo Son
- Animal Genetic Resources Station, NLRI, Namwon, Jeonbuk 590-832, South Korea
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