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Kücük P, Abbey L, Schmitt J, Henninger C, Fritz G. Cardiomyocytes, cardiac endothelial cells and fibroblasts contribute to anthracycline-induced cardiac injury through RAS-homologous small GTPases RAC1 and CDC42. Pharmacol Res 2024; 203:107165. [PMID: 38561112 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The clinical use of the DNA damaging anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) is limited by irreversible cardiotoxicity, which depends on the cumulative dose. The RAS-homologous (RHO) small GTPase RAC1 contributes to DOX-induced DNA damage formation and cardiotoxicity. However, the pathophysiological relevance of other RHO GTPases than RAC1 and different cardiac cell types (i.e., cardiomyocytes, non-cardiomyocytes) for DOX-triggered cardiac damage is unclear. Employing diverse in vitro and in vivo models, we comparatively investigated the level of DOX-induced DNA damage in cardiomyocytes versus non-cardiomyocytes (endothelial cells and fibroblasts), in the presence or absence of selected RHO GTPase inhibitors. Non-cardiomyocytes exhibited the highest number of DOX-induced DNA double-strand breaks (DSB), which were efficiently repaired in vitro. By contrast, rather low levels of DSB were formed in cardiomyocytes, which however remained largely unrepaired. Moreover, DOX-induced apoptosis was detected only in non-cardiomyocytes but not in cardiomyocytes. Pharmacological inhibitors of RAC1 and CDC42 most efficiently attenuated DOX-induced DNA damage in all cell types examined in vitro. Consistently, immunohistochemical analyses revealed that the RAC1 inhibitor NSC23766 and the pan-RHO GTPase inhibitor lovastatin reduced the level of DOX-induced residual DNA damage in both cardiomyocytes and non-cardiomyocytes in vivo. Overall, we conclude that endothelial cells, fibroblasts and cardiomyocytes contribute to the pathophysiology of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity, with RAC1- and CDC42-regulated signaling pathways being especially relevant for DOX-stimulated DSB formation and DNA damage response (DDR) activation. Hence, we suggest dual targeting of RAC1/CDC42-dependent mechanisms in multiple cardiac cell types to mitigate DNA damage-dependent cardiac injury evoked by DOX-based anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pelin Kücük
- Institute of Toxicology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany.
| | - Lena Abbey
- Institute of Toxicology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Joachim Schmitt
- Institute of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Christian Henninger
- Institute of Toxicology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Gerhard Fritz
- Institute of Toxicology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany.
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Lu H, Toyoda JH, Wise SS, Browning CL, Speer RM, Croom-Pérez TJ, Bolt A, Meaza I, Wise JP. A whale of a tale: whale cells evade the driving mechanism for hexavalent chromium-induced chromosome instability. Toxicol Sci 2024; 199:49-62. [PMID: 38539048 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfae030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Chromosome instability, a hallmark of lung cancer, is a driving mechanism for hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] carcinogenesis in humans. Cr(VI) induces structural and numerical chromosome instability in human lung cells by inducing DNA double-strand breaks and inhibiting homologous recombination repair and causing spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) bypass and centrosome amplification. Great whales are long-lived species with long-term exposures to Cr(VI) and accumulate Cr in their tissue, but exhibit a low incidence of cancer. Data show Cr(VI) induces fewer chromosome aberrations in whale cells after acute Cr(VI) exposure suggesting whale cells can evade Cr(VI)-induced chromosome instability. However, it is unknown if whales can evade Cr(VI)-induced chromosome instability. Thus, we tested the hypothesis that whale cells resist Cr(VI)-induced loss of homologous recombination repair activity and increased SAC bypass and centrosome amplification. We found Cr(VI) induces similar amounts of DNA double-strand breaks after acute (24 h) and prolonged (120 h) exposures in whale lung cells, but does not inhibit homologous recombination repair, SAC bypass, or centrosome amplification, and does not induce chromosome instability. These data indicate whale lung cells resist Cr(VI)-induced chromosome instability, the major driver for Cr(VI) carcinogenesis at a cellular level, consistent with observations that whales are resistant to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Lu
- Wise Laboratory of Environmental and Genetic Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - Jennifer H Toyoda
- Wise Laboratory of Environmental and Genetic Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - Sandra S Wise
- Wise Laboratory of Environmental and Genetic Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - Cynthia L Browning
- Wise Laboratory of Environmental and Genetic Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - Rachel M Speer
- Wise Laboratory of Environmental and Genetic Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - Tayler J Croom-Pérez
- Wise Laboratory of Environmental and Genetic Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - Alicia Bolt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | - Idoia Meaza
- Wise Laboratory of Environmental and Genetic Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - John Pierce Wise
- Wise Laboratory of Environmental and Genetic Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
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Chen F, Zhao W, Du C, Chen Z, Du J, Zhou M. Bleomycin induces senescence and repression of DNA repair via downregulation of Rad51. Mol Med 2024; 30:54. [PMID: 38649802 PMCID: PMC11036784 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-024-00821-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bleomycin, a potent antitumor agent, is limited in clinical use due to the potential for fatal pulmonary toxicity. The accelerated DNA damage and senescence in alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) is considered a key factor in the development of lung pathology. Understanding the mechanisms for bleomycin-induced lung injury is crucial for mitigating its adverse effects. METHODS Human lung epithelial (A549) cells were exposed to bleomycin and subsequently assessed for cellular senescence, DNA damage, and double-strand break (DSB) repair. The impact of Rad51 overexpression on DSB repair and senescence in AECs was evaluated in vitro. Additionally, bleomycin was intratracheally administered in C57BL/6 mice to establish a pulmonary fibrosis model. RESULTS Bleomycin exposure induced dose- and time-dependent accumulation of senescence hallmarks and DNA lesions in AECs. These effects are probably due to the inhibition of Rad51 expression, consequently suppressing homologous recombination (HR) repair. Mechanistic studies revealed that bleomycin-mediated transcriptional inhibition of Rad51 might primarily result from E2F1 depletion. Furthermore, the genetic supplement of Rad51 substantially mitigated bleomycin-mediated effects on DSB repair and senescence in AECs. Notably, decreased Rad51 expression was also observed in the bleomycin-induced mouse pulmonary fibrosis model. CONCLUSIONS Our works suggest that the inhibition of Rad51 plays a pivotal role in bleomycin-induced AECs senescence and lung injury, offering potential strategies to alleviate the pulmonary toxicity of bleomycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuqiang Chen
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenna Zhao
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Chenghong Du
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Zihan Chen
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Du
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
- Jiangmen Central Hospital, Affiliated Jiangmen Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Jiangmen, 529030, Guangdong, China.
| | - Meijuan Zhou
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
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Chen WA, Williams TG, So L, Drew N, Fang J, Ochoa P, Nguyen N, Jawhar Y, Otiji J, Duerksen-Hughes PJ, Reeves ME, Casiano CA, Jin H, Dovat S, Yang J, Boyle KE, Francis-Boyle OL. Duocarmycin SA Reduces Proliferation and Increases Apoptosis in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4342. [PMID: 38673926 PMCID: PMC11050052 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a hematological malignancy that is characterized by an expansion of immature myeloid precursors. Despite therapeutic advances, the prognosis of AML patients remains poor and there is a need for the evaluation of promising therapeutic candidates to treat the disease. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of duocarmycin Stable A (DSA) in AML cells in vitro. We hypothesized that DSA would induce DNA damage in the form of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and exert cytotoxic effects on AML cells within the picomolar range. Human AML cell lines Molm-14 and HL-60 were used to perform 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), DNA DSBs, cell cycle, 5-ethynyl-2-deoxyuridine (EdU), colony formation unit (CFU), Annexin V, RNA sequencing and other assays described in this study. Our results showed that DSA induced DNA DSBs, induced cell cycle arrest at the G2M phase, reduced proliferation and increased apoptosis in AML cells. Additionally, RNA sequencing results showed that DSA regulates genes that are associated with cellular processes such as DNA repair, G2M checkpoint and apoptosis. These results suggest that DSA is efficacious in AML cells and is therefore a promising potential therapeutic candidate that can be further evaluated for the treatment of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A. Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Loma Linda University, Shryock Hall 24745 Stewart Street, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Terry G. Williams
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Loma Linda University, Shryock Hall 24745 Stewart Street, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Leena So
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Loma Linda University, Shryock Hall 24745 Stewart Street, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Natalie Drew
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Loma Linda University, Shryock Hall 24745 Stewart Street, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Jie Fang
- Department of Surgery, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Pedro Ochoa
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, 11175 Campus Street, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University, 11085 Campus Street, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Nhi Nguyen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Loma Linda University, Shryock Hall 24745 Stewart Street, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Yasmeen Jawhar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Loma Linda University, Shryock Hall 24745 Stewart Street, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Jide Otiji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Loma Linda University, Shryock Hall 24745 Stewart Street, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Penelope J. Duerksen-Hughes
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, 11175 Campus Street, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Mark E. Reeves
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, 11175 Campus Street, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, 11234 Anderson Street, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Carlos A. Casiano
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, 11175 Campus Street, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University, 11085 Campus Street, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Hongjian Jin
- Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Sinisa Dovat
- Departments of Pediatrics, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Pharmacology, Penn State Cancer Institute, 400 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Surgery, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Kristopher E. Boyle
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Loma Linda University, Shryock Hall 24745 Stewart Street, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Olivia L. Francis-Boyle
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Loma Linda University, Shryock Hall 24745 Stewart Street, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, 11175 Campus Street, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
- Department of Pathology and Human Anatomy, Division of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, 11175 Campus Street, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
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Liu YL, Liu JY, Zhu XX, Wei JH, Mi SL, Liu SY, Li XL, Zhang WW, Zhao LL, Wang H, Xu DX, Gao L. Pubertal exposure to Microcystin-LR arrests spermatogonia proliferation by inducing DSB and inhibiting SIRT6 dependent DNA repair in vivo and in vitro. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 2024; 274:116191. [PMID: 38460408 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
The reproduction toxicity of pubertal exposure to Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) and the underlying mechanism needs to be further investigated. In the current study, pubertal male ICR mice were intraperitoneally injected with 2 μg/kg MC-LR for four weeks. Pubertal exposure to MC-LR decreased epididymal sperm concentration and blocked spermatogonia proliferation. In-vitro studies found MC-LR inhibited cell proliferation of GC-1 cells and arrested cell cycle in G2/M phase. Mechanistically, MC-LR exposure evoked excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induced DNA double-strand break in GC-1 cells. Besides, MC-LR inhibited DNA repair by reducing PolyADP-ribosylation (PARylation) activity of PARP1. Further study found MC-LR caused proteasomal degradation of SIRT6, a monoADP-ribosylation enzyme which is essential for PARP1 PARylation activity, due to destruction of SIRT6-USP10 interaction. Additionally, MG132 pretreatment alleviated MC-LR-induced SIRT6 degradation and promoted DNA repair, leading to the restoration of cell proliferation inhibition. Correspondingly, N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) pre-treatment mitigated the disturbed SIRT6-USP10 interaction and SIRT6 degradation, causing recovered DNA repair and subsequently restoration of cell proliferation inhibition in MC-LR treated GC-1 cells. Together, pubertal exposure to MC-LR induced spermatogonia cell cycle arrest and sperm count reduction by oxidative DNA damage and simultaneous SIRT6-mediated DNA repair failing. This study reports the effect of pubertal exposure to MC-LR on spermatogenesis and complex mechanism how MC-LR induces spermatogonia cell proliferation inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Lin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes & Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jia-Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes & Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xin-Xin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes & Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jian-Hua Wei
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes & Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Shuang-Ling Mi
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes & Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Su-Ya Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes & Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xiu-Liang Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes & Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Wei-Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes & Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Ling-Li Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes & Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes & Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - De-Xiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes & Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
| | - Lan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes & Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Research Center for Translational Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China.
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6
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Ntemou E, Vidal PD, Alexandri C, Van den Steen G, Lambertini M, Demeestere I. Ovarian toxicity of carboplatin and paclitaxel in mouse carriers of mutation in BRIP1 tumor suppressor gene. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1658. [PMID: 35105904 PMCID: PMC8807594 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05357-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 10% of women diagnosed with breast cancer during reproductive age carry hereditary germline pathogenic variants in high-penetrance BRCA genes or in others genes involved in DNA repair mechanisms such as PALB2, BRIP or ATM. Anticancer treatments may have an additional negative impact on the ovarian reserve and subsequently on the fertility of young patients carrying such mutations. Recently, the combination of carboplatin and paclitaxel is being recommended to these BRCA-mutated patients as neoadjuvant therapy. However, the impact on the ovary is unknown. Here, we investigated their effect of on the ovarian reserve using mice carriers of BRCA1-interacting protein C-terminal helicase-1 (BRIP1) mutation that plays an important role in BRCA1-dependent DNA repair. Results revealed that the administration of carboplatin or paclitaxel did not affect the ovarian reserve although increased DNA double-strand breaks were observed with carboplatin alone. Co-administration of carboplatin and paclitaxel resulted in a significant reduction of the ovarian reserve leading to a lower IVF performance, and an activation of the PI3K-Pten pathway, irrespective of the genetic background. This study suggests that co-administration of carboplatin and paclitaxel induces cumulative ovarian damage and infertility but a heterozygote genetic predisposition for DNA damage related to BRCA1 gene function does not increase this risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ntemou
- Research Laboratory on Human Reproduction, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - P Diaz Vidal
- Research Laboratory on Human Reproduction, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - C Alexandri
- Research Laboratory on Human Reproduction, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - G Van den Steen
- Research Laboratory on Human Reproduction, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Lambertini
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DiMI), School of Medicine, University of Genova, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Medical Oncology, UOC Clinica di Oncologia Medica, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - I Demeestere
- Research Laboratory on Human Reproduction, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department, Erasme Hospital, Brussels, Belgium.
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Hill PWS, Moldoveanu AL, Sargen M, Ronneau S, Glegola-Madejska I, Beetham C, Fisher RA, Helaine S. The vulnerable versatility of Salmonella antibiotic persisters during infection. Cell Host Microbe 2021; 29:1757-1773.e10. [PMID: 34731646 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2021.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Tolerance and persistence are superficially similar phenomena by which bacteria survive bactericidal antibiotics. It is assumed that the same physiology underlies survival of individual tolerant and persistent bacteria. However, by comparing tolerance and persistence during Salmonella Typhimurium infection, we reveal that these two phenomena are underpinned by different bacterial physiologies. Multidrug-tolerant mutant Salmonella enter a near-dormant state protected from immune-mediated genotoxic damages. However, the numerous tolerant cells, optimized for survival, lack the capabilities necessary to initiate infection relapse following antibiotic withdrawal. In contrast, persisters retain an active state. This leaves them vulnerable to accumulation of macrophage-induced dsDNA breaks but concurrently confers the versatility to initiate infection relapse if protected by RecA-mediated DNA repair. Accordingly, recurrent, invasive, non-typhoidal Salmonella clinical isolates display hallmarks of persistence rather than tolerance during antibiotic treatment. Our study highlights the complex trade-off that antibiotic-recalcitrant Salmonella balance to act as a reservoir for infection relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter W S Hill
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Ana Laura Moldoveanu
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Molly Sargen
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Séverin Ronneau
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Izabela Glegola-Madejska
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Catrin Beetham
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Robert A Fisher
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Sophie Helaine
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK; Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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8
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Atkin ND, Raimer HM, Wang Z, Zang C, Wang YH. Assessing acute myeloid leukemia susceptibility in rearrangement-driven patients by DNA breakage at topoisomerase II and CCCTC-binding factor/cohesin binding sites. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2021; 60:808-821. [PMID: 34405474 PMCID: PMC8511143 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
An initiating DNA double strand break (DSB) event precedes the formation of cancer-driven chromosomal abnormalities, such as gene rearrangements. Therefore, measuring DNA breaks at rearrangement-participating regions can provide a unique tool to identify and characterize susceptible individuals. Here, we developed a highly sensitive and low-input DNA break mapping method, the first of its kind for patient samples. We then measured genome-wide DNA breakage in normal cells of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients with KMT2A (previously MLL) rearrangements, compared to that of nonfusion AML individuals, as a means to evaluate individual susceptibility to gene rearrangements. DNA breakage at the KMT2A gene region was significantly greater in fusion-driven remission individuals, as compared to nonfusion individuals. Moreover, we identified select topoisomerase II (TOP2)-sensitive and CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF)/cohesin-binding sites with preferential DNA breakage in fusion-driven patients. Importantly, measuring DSBs at these sites, in addition to the KMT2A gene region, provided greater predictive power when assessing individual break susceptibility. We also demonstrated that low-dose etoposide exposure further elevated DNA breakage at these regions in fusion-driven AML patients, but not in nonfusion patients, indicating that these sites are preferentially sensitive to TOP2 activity in fusion-driven AML patients. These results support that mapping of DSBs in patients enables discovery of novel break-prone regions and monitoring of individuals susceptible to chromosomal abnormalities, and thus cancer. This will build the foundation for early detection of cancer-susceptible individuals, as well as those preferentially susceptible to therapy-related malignancies caused by treatment with TOP2 poisons.
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MESH Headings
- Binding Sites/genetics
- CCCTC-Binding Factor/blood
- CCCTC-Binding Factor/genetics
- Cell Cycle Proteins/blood
- Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics
- Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans/blood
- Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans/genetics
- Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/blood
- Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/genetics
- Chromosome Aberrations
- DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded/drug effects
- DNA Repair/genetics
- DNA Topoisomerases, Type II/blood
- DNA Topoisomerases, Type II/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/blood
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Etoposide/pharmacology
- Female
- Gene Rearrangement/genetics
- Genome, Human/genetics
- HeLa Cells
- Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase/blood
- Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase/genetics
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/blood
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Male
- Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein/blood
- Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Poly-ADP-Ribose Binding Proteins/blood
- Poly-ADP-Ribose Binding Proteins/genetics
- Cohesins
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi D. Atkin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22908-0733, USA
| | - Heather M. Raimer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22908-0733, USA
| | - Zhenjia Wang
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22908-0733, USA
| | - Chongzhi Zang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22908-0733, USA
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22908-0733, USA
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22908-0733, USA
| | - Yuh-Hwa Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22908-0733, USA
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Combemale P, Sonzogni L, Devic C, Bencokova Z, Ferlazzo ML, Granzotto A, Burlet SF, Pinson S, Amini-Adle M, Al-Choboq J, Bodgi L, Bourguignon M, Balosso J, Bachelet JT, Foray N. Individual Response to Radiation of Individuals with Neurofibromatosis Type I: Role of the ATM Protein and Influence of Statins and Bisphosphonates. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 59:556-573. [PMID: 34727321 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02615-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a disease characterized by high occurrence of benign and malignant brain tumours and caused by mutations of the neurofibromin protein. While there is an increasing evidence that NF1 is associated with radiosensitivity and radiosusceptibility, few studies have dealt with the molecular and cellular radiation response of cells from individuals with NF1. Here, we examined the ATM-dependent signalling and repair pathways of the DNA double-strand breaks (DSB), the key-damage induced by ionizing radiation, in skin fibroblast cell lines from 43 individuals with NF1. Ten minutes after X-rays irradiation, quiescent NF1 fibroblasts showed abnormally low rate of recognized DSB reflected by a low yield of nuclear foci formed by phosphorylated H2AX histones. Irradiated NF1 fibroblasts also presented a delayed radiation-induced nucleoshuttling of the ATM kinase (RIANS), potentially due to a specific binding of ATM to the mutated neurofibromin in cytoplasm. Lastly, NF1 fibroblasts showed abnormally high MRE11 nuclease activity suggesting a high genomic instability after irradiation. A combination of bisphosphonates and statins complemented these impairments by accelerating the RIANS, increasing the yield of recognized DSB and reducing genomic instability. Data from NF1 fibroblasts exposed to radiation in radiotherapy and CT scan conditions confirmed that NF1 belongs to the group of syndromes associated with radiosensitivity and radiosusceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Combemale
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1296 Research Unit « Radiation : Defense, Health and Environment », Centre Léon-Bérard, 69008, Lyon, France
- Centre Léon-Bérard, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Laurène Sonzogni
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1296 Research Unit « Radiation : Defense, Health and Environment », Centre Léon-Bérard, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Clément Devic
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1296 Research Unit « Radiation : Defense, Health and Environment », Centre Léon-Bérard, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Zuzana Bencokova
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1296 Research Unit « Radiation : Defense, Health and Environment », Centre Léon-Bérard, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Mélanie Lydia Ferlazzo
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1296 Research Unit « Radiation : Defense, Health and Environment », Centre Léon-Bérard, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Adeline Granzotto
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1296 Research Unit « Radiation : Defense, Health and Environment », Centre Léon-Bérard, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Steven Franck Burlet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1296 Research Unit « Radiation : Defense, Health and Environment », Centre Léon-Bérard, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Stéphane Pinson
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1296 Research Unit « Radiation : Defense, Health and Environment », Centre Léon-Bérard, 69008, Lyon, France
- Centre Léon-Bérard, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Mona Amini-Adle
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1296 Research Unit « Radiation : Defense, Health and Environment », Centre Léon-Bérard, 69008, Lyon, France
- Centre Léon-Bérard, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Joëlle Al-Choboq
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1296 Research Unit « Radiation : Defense, Health and Environment », Centre Léon-Bérard, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Larry Bodgi
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1296 Research Unit « Radiation : Defense, Health and Environment », Centre Léon-Bérard, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Michel Bourguignon
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1296 Research Unit « Radiation : Defense, Health and Environment », Centre Léon-Bérard, 69008, Lyon, France
- Université de Versailles-Saint Quentin en Yvelines, 78035, Versailles, France
| | - Jacques Balosso
- Service de Radiothérapie, CHU de Grenoble, 38042, Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Thomas Bachelet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1296 Research Unit « Radiation : Defense, Health and Environment », Centre Léon-Bérard, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Nicolas Foray
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1296 Research Unit « Radiation : Defense, Health and Environment », Centre Léon-Bérard, 69008, Lyon, France.
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10
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Blasiak J, Szczepańska J, Sobczuk A, Fila M, Pawlowska E. RIF1 Links Replication Timing with Fork Reactivation and DNA Double-Strand Break Repair. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11440. [PMID: 34768871 PMCID: PMC8583789 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Replication timing (RT) is a cellular program to coordinate initiation of DNA replication in all origins within the genome. RIF1 (replication timing regulatory factor 1) is a master regulator of RT in human cells. This role of RIF1 is associated with binding G4-quadruplexes and changes in 3D chromatin that may suppress origin activation over a long distance. Many effects of RIF1 in fork reactivation and DNA double-strand (DSB) repair (DSBR) are underlined by its interaction with TP53BP1 (tumor protein p53 binding protein). In G1, RIF1 acts antagonistically to BRCA1 (BRCA1 DNA repair associated), suppressing end resection and homologous recombination repair (HRR) and promoting non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), contributing to DSBR pathway choice. RIF1 is an important element of intra-S-checkpoints to recover damaged replication fork with the involvement of HRR. High-resolution microscopic studies show that RIF1 cooperates with TP53BP1 to preserve 3D structure and epigenetic markers of genomic loci disrupted by DSBs. Apart from TP53BP1, RIF1 interact with many other proteins, including proteins involved in DNA damage response, cell cycle regulation, and chromatin remodeling. As impaired RT, DSBR and fork reactivation are associated with genomic instability, a hallmark of malignant transformation, RIF1 has a diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic potential in cancer. Further studies may reveal other aspects of common regulation of RT, DSBR, and fork reactivation by RIF1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janusz Blasiak
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Joanna Szczepańska
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-216 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Anna Sobczuk
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Medical University of Lodz, 93-338 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Michal Fila
- Department of Developmental Neurology and Epileptology, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute, 93-338 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Elzbieta Pawlowska
- Department of Orthodontics, Medical University of Lodz, 92-217 Lodz, Poland;
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11
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Sremački I, Kos Š, Bošnjak M, Jurov A, Serša G, Modic M, Leys C, Cvelbar U, Nikiforov A. Plasma Damage Control: From Biomolecules to Cells and Skin. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:46303-46316. [PMID: 34569240 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c12232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The antibacterial and cell-proliferative character of atmospheric pressure plasma jets (APPJs) helps in the healing process of chronic wounds. However, control of the plasma-biological target interface remains an open issue. High vacuum ultraviolet/ultraviolet (VUV/UV) radiation and RONS flux from plasma may cause damage of a treated tissue; therefore, controlled interaction is essential. VUV/UV emission from argon APPJs and radiation control with aerosol injection in plasma effluent is the focus of this research. The aerosol effect on radiation is studied by a fluorescent target capable of resolving the plasma oxidation footprint. In addition, DNA damage is evaluated by plasmid DNA radiation assay and cell proliferation assay to assess safety aspects of the plasma jet, the effect of VUV/UV radiation, and its control with aerosol injection. Inevitable emission of VUV/UV radiation from plasmas during treatment is demonstrated in this work. Plasma has no antiproliferative effect on fibroblasts in short treatments (t < 60 s), while long exposure has a cytotoxic effect, resulting in decreased cell survival. Radiation has no effect on cell survival in the medium due to absorption. However, a strong cytotoxic effect on the attached fibroblasts without the medium is apparent. VUV/UV radiation contributes 70% of the integral plasma effect in induction of single- and double-strand DNA breaks and cytotoxicity of the attached cells without the medium. Survival of the attached cells increases by 10% when aerosol is introduced between plasma and the cells. Injection of aerosol in the plasma effluent can help to control the plasma-cell/tissue interaction. Aerosol droplets in the effluent partially absorb UV emission from the plasma, limiting photon flux in the direction of the biological target. Herein, cold and safe plasma-aerosol treatment and a safe operational mode of treatment are demonstrated in a murine model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Sremački
- Department of Applied Physics, Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41, Gent 9000, Belgium
| | - Špela Kos
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloska 2, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Maša Bošnjak
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloska 2, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Andrea Jurov
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Gregor Serša
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloska 2, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Martina Modic
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Christophe Leys
- Department of Applied Physics, Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41, Gent 9000, Belgium
| | - Uroš Cvelbar
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Anton Nikiforov
- Department of Applied Physics, Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41, Gent 9000, Belgium
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Bhowmik D, Du M, Tian Y, Ma S, Wu J, Chen Z, Yin Q, Zhu F. Cooperative DNA binding mediated by KicGAS/ORF52 oligomerization allows inhibition of DNA-induced phase separation and activation of cGAS. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:9389-9403. [PMID: 34387695 PMCID: PMC8450086 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) is a key DNA sensor that detects aberrant cytosolic DNA arising from pathogen invasions or genotoxic stresses. Upon binding to DNA, cGAS is activated and catalyzes the synthesis of cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP), which induces potent antimicrobial and antitumor responses. Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is a human DNA tumor virus that causes Kaposi sarcoma and several other malignancies. We previously reported that KSHV inhibitor of cGAS (KicGAS) encoded by ORF52, inhibits cGAS enzymatic activity, but the underlying mechanisms remained unclear. To define the inhibitory mechanisms, here we performed in-depth biochemical and functional characterizations of KicGAS, and mapped its functional domains. We found KicGAS self-oligomerizes and binds to double stranded DNA cooperatively. This self-oligomerization is essential for its DNA binding and cGAS inhibition. Interestingly, KicGAS forms liquid droplets upon binding to DNA, which requires collective multivalent interactions with DNA mediated by both structured and disordered domains coordinated through the self-oligomerization of KicGAS. We also observed that KicGAS inhibits the DNA-induced phase separation and activation of cGAS. Our findings reveal a novel mechanism by which DNA viruses target the host protein phase separation for suppression of the host sensing of viral nucleic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debipreeta Bhowmik
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Mingjian Du
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390-9148, USA
| | - Yuan Tian
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Siming Ma
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Jianjun Wu
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Zhijian Chen
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390-9148, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 4000 Jones Bridge Rd, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Qian Yin
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Fanxiu Zhu
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
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13
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Bennie LA, Feng J, Emmerson C, Hyland WB, Matchett KB, McCarthy HO, Coulter JA. Formulating RALA/Au nanocomplexes to enhance nanoparticle internalisation efficiency, sensitising prostate tumour models to radiation treatment. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:279. [PMID: 34538237 PMCID: PMC8451112 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-01019-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gold nanoparticles (AuNP) are effective radiosensitisers, however, successful clinical translation has been impeded by short systemic circulation times and poor internalisation efficiency. This work examines the potential of RALA, a short amphipathic peptide, to enhance the uptake efficiency of negatively charged AuNPs in tumour cells, detailing the subsequent impact of AuNP internalisation on tumour cell radiation sensitivity. RESULTS RALA/Au nanoparticles were formed by optimising the ratio of RALA to citrate capped AuNPs, with assembly occurring through electrostatic interactions. Physical nanoparticle characteristics were determined by UV-vis spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering. Nano-complexes successfully formed at w:w ratios > 20:1 (20 µg RALA:1 µg AuNP) yielding positively charged nanoparticles, sized < 110 nm with PDI values < 0.52. ICP-MS demonstrated that RALA enhanced AuNP internalisation by more than threefold in both PC-3 and DU145 prostate cancer cell models, without causing significant toxicity. Importantly, all RALA-AuNP formulations significantly increased prostate cancer cell radiosensitivity. This effect was greatest using the 25:1 RALA-AuNP formulation, producing a dose enhancement effect (DEF) of 1.54 in PC3 cells. Using clinical radiation energies (6 MV) RALA-AuNP also significantly augmented radiation sensitivity. Mechanistic studies support RALA-AuNP nuclear accumulation resulting in increased DNA damage yields. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to demonstrate meaningful radiosensitisation using low microgram AuNP treatment concentrations. This effect was achieved using RALA, providing functional evidence to support our previous imaging study indicating RALA-AuNP nuclear accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey A Bennie
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Jie Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Christopher Emmerson
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Wendy B Hyland
- Western Health & Social Care Trust, North West Cancer Centre, Altnagelvin Hospital, Derry/Londonderry, BT47 6SB, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Kyle B Matchett
- Northern Ireland Centre for Stratified Medicine, C-TRIC, Altnagelvin Hospital Campus, Derry/Londonderry, BT47 6SB, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Helen O McCarthy
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Jonathan A Coulter
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK.
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14
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Ma Y, North BJ, Shu J. Regulation of topoisomerase II stability and activity by ubiquitination and SUMOylation: clinical implications for cancer chemotherapy. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:6589-6601. [PMID: 34476738 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06665-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
DNA topoisomerases II (TOP2) are peculiar enzymes (TOP2α and TOP2β) that modulate the conformation of DNA by momentarily breaking double-stranded DNA to allow another strand to pass through, and then rejoins the DNA phosphodiester backbone. TOP2α and TOP2β play vital roles in nearly all events involving DNA metabolism, including DNA transcription, replication, repair, and chromatin remodeling. Beyond these vital functions, TOP2 enzymes are therapeutic targets for various anticancer drugs, termed TOP2 poisons, such as teniposide, etoposide, and doxorubicin. These drugs exert their antitumor activity by inhibiting the activity of TOP2-DNA cleavage complexes (TOP2ccs) containing DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), subsequently leading to the degradation of TOP2 by the 26S proteasome, thereby exposing the DSBs and eliciting a DNA damage response. Failure of the DSBs to be appropriately repaired leads to genomic instability. Due to this mechanism, patients treated with TOP2-based drugs have a high incidence of secondary malignancies and cardiotoxicity. While the cytotoxicity associated with TOP2 poisons appears to be TOP2α-dependent, the DNA sequence rearrangements and formation of DSBs appear to be mediated primarily through TOP2β inhibition, likely due to the differential degradation patterns of TOP2α and TOP2β. Research over the past few decades has shown that under various conditions, the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and the SUMOylation pathway are primarily responsible for regulating the stability and activity of TOP2 and are therefore critical regulators of the therapeutic effect of TOP2-targeting drugs. In this review, we summarize the current progress on the regulation of TOP2α and TOP2β by ubiquitination and SUMOylation. By fully elucidating the basic biology of these essential and complex molecular mechanisms, better strategies may be developed to improve the therapeutic efficacy of TOP2 poisons and minimize the risks of therapy-related secondary malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, China
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310029, China
| | - Brian J North
- Biomedical Sciences Department, Creighton University School of Medicine, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE, 68178, USA.
| | - Jianfeng Shu
- HwaMei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315010, China.
- Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315020, China.
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Wang Y, Chen Q, Wu D, Chen Q, Gong G, He L, Wu X. Lamin-A interacting protein Hsp90 is required for DNA damage repair and chemoresistance of ovarian cancer cells. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:786. [PMID: 34381017 PMCID: PMC8358027 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04074-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most malignant gynecologic cancer. Previous studies found that lamin-A was associated with DNA damage repair proteins but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. We speculate that this may be related to its interacting proteins, such as Hsp90. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of Hsp90 on DNA damage repair and chemoresistance of ovarian cancer cells. In our research, co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) and mass spectrometry (MS) were used to identify proteins interacting with lamin-A and the interaction domain. Next, the relationship between lamin-A and Hsp90 was explored by Western blotting (WB) and immunofluorescence staining. Then, effect of Hsp90 inhibition on DNA damage repair was assessed through detecting Rad50 and Ku80 by WB. Furthermore, to test the roles of 17-AAG on cell chemosensitivity, CCK-8 and colony formation assay were carried out. Meanwhile, IC50 of cells were calculated, followed by immunofluorescence to detect DNA damage. At last, the mouse xenograft model was used in determining the capacity of 17-AAG and DDP to suppress tumor growth and metastatic potential. The results showed that lamin-A could interact with Hsp90 via the domain of lamin-A1-430. Besides, the distribution of Hsp90 could be affected by lamin-A. After lamin-A knockdown, Hsp90 decreased in the cytoplasm and increased in the nucleus, suggesting that the interaction between lamin-A and Hsp90 may be related to the nucleocytoplasmic transport of Hsp90. Moreover, inhibition of Hsp90 led to an obvious decrease in the expression of DSBs (DNA double-strand break) repair proteins, as well as cell proliferation ability upon DDP treatment and IC50 of DDP, causing more serious DNA damage. In addition, the combination of 17-AAG and DDP restrained the growth of ovarian cancer efficiently in vivo and prolonged the survival time of tumor-bearing mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, P. R. China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, P. R. China
| | - Quan Chen
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, P. R. China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, P. R. China
| | - Qifeng Chen
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, P. R. China
| | - Guanghui Gong
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, P. R. China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, P. R. China
| | - Liuqing He
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoying Wu
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, P. R. China.
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, P. R. China.
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16
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He C, Lu S, Wang XZ, Wang CC, Wang L, Liang SP, Luo TF, Wang ZC, Piao MH, Chi GF, Ge PF. FOXO3a protects glioma cells against temozolomide-induced DNA double strand breaks via promotion of BNIP3-mediated mitophagy. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 42:1324-1337. [PMID: 33879840 PMCID: PMC8285492 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00663-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
FOXO3a (forkhead box transcription factor 3a) is involved in regulating multiple biological processes in cancer cells. BNIP3 (Bcl-2/adenovirus E1B 19-kDa-interacting protein 3) is a receptor accounting for priming damaged mitochondria for autophagic removal. In this study we investigated the role of FOXO3a in regulating the sensitivity of glioma cells to temozolomide (TMZ) and its relationship with BNIP3-mediated mitophagy. We showed that TMZ dosage-dependently inhibited the viability of human U87, U251, T98G, LN18 and rat C6 glioma cells with IC50 values of 135.75, 128.26, 142.65, 155.73 and 111.60 μM, respectively. In U87 and U251 cells, TMZ (200 μM) induced DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) and nuclear translocation of apoptosis inducing factor (AIF), which was accompanied by BNIP3-mediated mitophagy and FOXO3a accumulation in nucleus. TMZ treatment induced intracellular ROS accumulation in U87 and U251 cells via enhancing mitochondrial superoxide, which not only contributed to DNA DSBs and exacerbated mitochondrial dysfunction, but also upregulated FOXO3a expression. Knockdown of FOXO3a aggravated TMZ-induced DNA DSBs and mitochondrial damage, as well as glioma cell death. TMZ treatment not only upregulated BNIP3 and activated autophagy, but also triggered mitophagy by prompting BNIP3 translocation to mitochondria and reinforcing BNIP3 interaction with LC3BII. Inhibition of mitophagy by knocking down BNIP3 with SiRNA or blocking autophagy with 3MA or bafilomycin A1 exacerbated mitochondrial superoxide and intracellular ROS accumulation. Moreover, FOXO3a knockdown inhibited TMZ-induced BNIP3 upregulation and autophagy activation. In addition, we showed that treatment with TMZ (100 mg·kg-1·d-1, ip) for 12 days in C6 cell xenograft mice markedly inhibited tumor growth accompanied by inducing FOXO3a upregulation, oxidative stress and BNIP3-mediated mitophagy in tumor tissues. These results demonstrate that FOXO3a attenuates temozolomide-induced DNA double strand breaks in human glioma cells via promoting BNIP3-mediated mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan He
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
- Research Center of Neuroscience, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Shan Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
- Research Center of Neuroscience, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xuan-Zhong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
- Research Center of Neuroscience, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Chong-Cheng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
- Research Center of Neuroscience, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
- Research Center of Neuroscience, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Shi-Peng Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
- Research Center of Neuroscience, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Tian-Fei Luo
- Research Center of Neuroscience, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Zhen-Chuan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
- Research Center of Neuroscience, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Mei-Hua Piao
- Department of Anesthesiology, First hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Guang-Fan Chi
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Peng-Fei Ge
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
- Research Center of Neuroscience, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
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17
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Isobe SY, Hiraga SI, Nagao K, Sasanuma H, Donaldson AD, Obuse C. Protein phosphatase 1 acts as a RIF1 effector to suppress DSB resection prior to Shieldin action. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109383. [PMID: 34260925 PMCID: PMC8293623 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are repaired mainly by non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) or homologous recombination (HR). RIF1 negatively regulates resection through the effector Shieldin, which associates with a short 3' single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) overhang by the MRN (MRE11-RAD50-NBS1) complex, to prevent further resection and HR repair. In this study, we show that RIF1, but not Shieldin, inhibits the accumulation of CtIP at DSB sites immediately after damage, suggesting that RIF1 has another effector besides Shieldin. We find that protein phosphatase 1 (PP1), a known RIF1 effector in replication, localizes at damage sites dependent on RIF1, where it suppresses downstream CtIP accumulation and limits the resection by the MRN complex. PP1 therefore acts as a RIF1 effector distinct from Shieldin. Furthermore, PP1 deficiency in the context of Shieldin depletion elevates HR immediately after irradiation. We conclude that PP1 inhibits resection before the action of Shieldin to prevent precocious HR in the early phase of the damage response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ya Isobe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-Cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Hiraga
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Koji Nagao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-Cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sasanuma
- Department of Genome Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Anne D Donaldson
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Chikashi Obuse
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-Cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.
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18
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Averbek S, Jakob B, Durante M, Averbeck NB. O-GlcNAcylation Affects the Pathway Choice of DNA Double-Strand Break Repair. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115715. [PMID: 34071949 PMCID: PMC8198441 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposing cells to DNA damaging agents, such as ionizing radiation (IR) or cytotoxic chemicals, can cause DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), which are crucial to repair to maintain genetic integrity. O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminylation (O-GlcNAcylation) is a post-translational modification (PTM), which has been reported to be involved in the DNA damage response (DDR) and chromatin remodeling. Here, we investigated the impact of O-GlcNAcylation on the DDR, DSB repair and chromatin status in more detail. We also applied charged particle irradiation to analyze differences of O-GlcNAcylation and its impact on DSB repair in respect of spatial dose deposition and radiation quality. Various techniques were used, such as the γH2AX foci assay, live cell microscopy and Fluorescence Lifetime Microscopy (FLIM) to detect DSB rejoining, protein accumulation and chromatin states after treating the cells with O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) or O-GlcNAcase (OGA) inhibitors. We confirmed that O-GlcNAcylation of MDC1 is increased upon irradiation and identified additional repair factors related to Homologous Recombination (HR), CtIP and BRCA1, which were increasingly O-GlcNAcyated upon irradiation. This is consistent with our findings that the function of HR is affected by OGT inhibition. Besides, we found that OGT and OGA activity modulate chromatin compaction states, providing a potential additional level of DNA-repair regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sera Averbek
- Department of Biophysics, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany; (S.A.); (B.J.); (M.D.)
- Department of Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Burkhard Jakob
- Department of Biophysics, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany; (S.A.); (B.J.); (M.D.)
| | - Marco Durante
- Department of Biophysics, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany; (S.A.); (B.J.); (M.D.)
- Department of Physics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Nicole B. Averbeck
- Department of Biophysics, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany; (S.A.); (B.J.); (M.D.)
- Correspondence:
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19
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Stok C, Kok Y, van den Tempel N, van Vugt MATM. Shaping the BRCAness mutational landscape by alternative double-strand break repair, replication stress and mitotic aberrancies. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:4239-4257. [PMID: 33744950 PMCID: PMC8096281 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumours with mutations in the BRCA1/BRCA2 genes have impaired double-stranded DNA break repair, compromised replication fork protection and increased sensitivity to replication blocking agents, a phenotype collectively known as 'BRCAness'. Tumours with a BRCAness phenotype become dependent on alternative repair pathways that are error-prone and introduce specific patterns of somatic mutations across the genome. The increasing availability of next-generation sequencing data of tumour samples has enabled identification of distinct mutational signatures associated with BRCAness. These signatures reveal that alternative repair pathways, including Polymerase θ-mediated alternative end-joining and RAD52-mediated single strand annealing are active in BRCA1/2-deficient tumours, pointing towards potential therapeutic targets in these tumours. Additionally, insight into the mutations and consequences of unrepaired DNA lesions may also aid in the identification of BRCA-like tumours lacking BRCA1/BRCA2 gene inactivation. This is clinically relevant, as these tumours respond favourably to treatment with DNA-damaging agents, including PARP inhibitors or cisplatin, which have been successfully used to treat patients with BRCA1/2-defective tumours. In this review, we aim to provide insight in the origins of the mutational landscape associated with BRCAness by exploring the molecular biology of alternative DNA repair pathways, which may represent actionable therapeutic targets in in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Stok
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yannick P Kok
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nathalie van den Tempel
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel A T M van Vugt
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
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20
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Ovejero-Sánchez M, González-Sarmiento R, Herrero AB. Synergistic effect of Chloroquine and Panobinostat in ovarian cancer through induction of DNA damage and inhibition of DNA repair. Neoplasia 2021; 23:515-528. [PMID: 33930758 PMCID: PMC8100353 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2021.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is the deadliest gynecologic malignancy, which is mainly due to late-stage diagnosis and chemotherapy resistance. Therefore, new and more effective treatments are urgently needed. The in vitro effects of Panobinostat (LBH), a histone deacetylase inhibitor that exerts pleiotropic antitumor effects but induces autophagy, in combination with Chloroquine (CQ), an autophagy inhibitor that avoid this cell survival mechanism, were evaluated in 4 OC cell lines. LBH and CQ inhibited ovarian cancer cell proliferation and induced apoptosis, and a strong synergistic effect was observed when combined. Deeping into their mechanisms of action we show that, in addition to autophagy modulation, treatment with CQ increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) causing DNA double strand breaks (DSBs), whereas LBH inhibited their repair by avoiding the correct recruitment of the recombinase Rad51 to DSBs. Interestingly, CQ-induced DSBs and cell death caused by CQ/LBH combination were largely abolished by the ROS scavenger N-Acetylcysteine, revealing the critical role of DSB generation in CQ/LBH-induced lethality. This role was also manifested by the synergy found when we combined CQ with Mirin, a well-known homologous recombination repair inhibitor. Altogether, our results provide a rationale for the clinical investigation of CQ/LBH combination in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Ovejero-Sánchez
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain; Molecular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer (IBMCC), University of Salamanca-CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Rogelio González-Sarmiento
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain; Molecular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer (IBMCC), University of Salamanca-CSIC, Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Ana Belén Herrero
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain; Molecular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer (IBMCC), University of Salamanca-CSIC, Salamanca, Spain.
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21
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Wu R, Högberg J, Adner M, Stenius U, Zheng H. Crystalline silica particles induce DNA damage in respiratory epithelium by ATX secretion and Rac1 activation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 548:91-97. [PMID: 33636640 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Autotaxin (ATX) and its product lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) have been implicated in lung fibrosis and cancer. We have studied their roles in DNA damage induced by carcinogenic crystalline silica particles (CSi). In an earlier study on bronchial epithelia, we concluded that ATX, via paracrine signaling, amplifies DNA damage. This effect was seen at 6-16 h. A succeeding study showed that CSi induced NLRP3 phosphorylation, mitochondrial depolarization, double strand breaks (DSBs), and NHEJ repair enzymes within minutes. In the current study we hypothesized a role for the ATX-LPA axis also in this rapid DNA damage. Using 16HBE human bronchial epithelial cells, we show ATX secretion at 3 min, and that ATX inhibitors (HA130 and PF8380) prevented both CSi-induced mitochondrial depolarization and DNA damage (detected by γH2AX and Comet assay analysis). Experiments with added LPA gave similar rapid effects as CSi. Furthermore, Rac1 was activated at 3 min, and a Rac1 inhibitor (NSC23766) prevented mitochondrial depolarization and genotoxicity. In mice the bronchial epithelia exhibited histological signs of ATX activation and signs of DSBs (53BP1 positive nuclei) minutes after a single inhalation of CSi. Our data indicate that CSi rapidly activate the ATX-LPA axis and within minutes this leads to DNA damage in bronchial epithelial cells. Thus, ATX mediates very rapid DNA damaging effects of inhaled particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Wu
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, SE-17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Högberg
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, SE-17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael Adner
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, SE-17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulla Stenius
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, SE-17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Huiyuan Zheng
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, SE-17177, Stockholm, Sweden.
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22
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Abstract
High levels of the intermediate filament protein keratin 17 (K17) are associated with poor prognoses for several human carcinomas. Studies in mouse models have shown that K17 expression is positively associated with growth, survival, and inflammation in skin and that lack of K17 delays onset of tumorigenesis. K17 occurs in the nucleus of human and mouse tumor keratinocytes where it impacts chromatin architecture, gene expression, and cell proliferation. We report here that K17 is induced following DNA damage and promotes keratinocyte survival. The presence of nuclear K17 is required at an early stage of the double-stranded break (DSB) arm of the DNA damage and repair (DDR) cascade, consistent with its ability to associate with key DDR effectors, including γ-H2A.X, 53BP1, and DNA-PKcs. Mice lacking K17 or with attenuated K17 nuclear import showed curtailed initiation in a two-step skin carcinogenesis paradigm. The impact of nuclear-localized K17 on DDR and cell survival provides a basis for the link between K17 induction and poor clinical outcomes for several human carcinomas.
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MESH Headings
- 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene/administration & dosage
- 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene/toxicity
- Active Transport, Cell Nucleus
- Animals
- Carcinogenesis/chemically induced
- Carcinogenesis/genetics
- Carcinogenesis/pathology
- Carcinoma/chemically induced
- Carcinoma/genetics
- Carcinoma/pathology
- Cell Nucleus/metabolism
- Cell Survival/genetics
- DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded/drug effects
- DNA Repair
- Female
- Gene Knockout Techniques
- HeLa Cells
- Humans
- Intravital Microscopy
- Keratin-17/genetics
- Keratin-17/metabolism
- Keratinocytes
- Keratins/genetics
- Keratins/metabolism
- Male
- Mice, Knockout
- Neoplasms, Experimental/chemically induced
- Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Time-Lapse Imaging
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Raji R Nair
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Joshua Hsu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Justin T Jacob
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Christopher M Pineda
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Ryan P Hobbs
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205;
| | - Pierre A Coulombe
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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23
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Atlı Şekeroğlu Z, Şekeroğlu V, Kontaş Yedier S, İlkun E, Liou LS. Increased DNA strand breaks and neoplastic transformation in human bladder cells treated with pioglitazone. Environ Mol Mutagen 2021; 62:143-154. [PMID: 33496997 DOI: 10.1002/em.22424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pioglitazone (PIO), an oral hypoglycemic agent, is used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Some studies have suggested that an increased risk of bladder cancer with PIO exposure, while the others reported there is no such relationship. Therefore, it is doubtful whether PIO can increase the risk of bladder cancer. The effects of PIO on DNA damage and/or transformation of human bladder cells are not fully known. We investigated the effects of PIO on cytotoxicity, DNA single and double strand breaks and repair and neoplastic transformation in human bladder cells (hTU1) treated with 10, 20, and 40 μM PIO for 24, 48 and 72 hr. PIO decreased cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner. Increased levels of comet parameters showed that PIO and its metabolites can significantly induce DNA double strand breaks at all concentrations tested. PIO also significantly induced the formation of phosphorylated H2AX and p53 binding protein 1 foci. DNA damage was not repaired in a 24 hr recovery period. PIO can also induce malignant transformation of human bladder cells exhibiting loss of contact inhibition and anchorage independent growth. This is the first study to indicate that PIO can induce DNA damage and malignant transformation, reduce or alter the DNA repair capacity in human bladder cells. From these results, we suggest that patients with diabetes treated with PIO may have an increased risk of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zülal Atlı Şekeroğlu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Letters, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
| | - Vedat Şekeroğlu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Letters, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
| | - Seval Kontaş Yedier
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Letters, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
| | - Emre İlkun
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Letters, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
| | - Louis S Liou
- Department of Urology, Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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24
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Upadhyay N, Tilekar K, Loiodice F, Anisimova NY, Spirina TS, Sokolova DV, Smirnova GB, Choe JY, Meyer-Almes FJ, Pokrovsky VS, Lavecchia A, Ramaa CS. Pharmacophore hybridization approach to discover novel pyrazoline-based hydantoin analogs with anti-tumor efficacy. Bioorg Chem 2021; 107:104527. [PMID: 33317839 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In search for new and safer anti-cancer agents, a structurally guided pharmacophore hybridization strategy of two privileged scaffolds, namely diaryl pyrazolines and imidazolidine-2,4-dione (hydantoin), was adopted resulting in a newfangled series of compounds (H1-H22). Herein, a bio-isosteric replacement of "pyrrolidine-2,5-dione" moiety of our recently reported antitumor hybrid incorporating diaryl pyrazoline and pyrrolidine-2,5-dione scaffolds with "imidazoline-2,4-dione" moiety has been incorporated. Complete biological studies revealed the most potent analog among all i.e. compound H13, which was at-least 10-fold more potent compared to the corresponding pyrrolidine-2,5-dione, in colon and breast cancer cells. In-vitro studies showed activation of caspases, arrest of G0/G1 phase of cell cycle, decrease in the expression of anti-apoptotic protein (Bcl-2) and increased DNA damage. In-vivo assay on HT-29 (human colorectal adenocarcinoma) animal xenograft model unveiled the significant anti-tumor efficacy along with oral bioavailability with maximum TGI 36% (i.p.) and 44% (per os) at 50 mg/kg dose. These findings confirm the suitability of hybridized pyrazoline and imidazolidine-2,4-dione analog H13 for its anti-cancer potential and starting-point for the development of more efficacious analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Upadhyay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth's College of Pharmacy, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Kalpana Tilekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth's College of Pharmacy, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Fulvio Loiodice
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Science, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via E. Orabona, 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Natalia Yu Anisimova
- Laboratory of Combined Therapy, N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana S Spirina
- Laboratory of Combined Therapy, N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - Darina V Sokolova
- Laboratory of Combined Therapy, N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - Galina B Smirnova
- Laboratory of Combined Therapy, N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - Jun-Yong Choe
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Franz-Josef Meyer-Almes
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Applied Science, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Vadim S Pokrovsky
- Laboratory of Combined Therapy, N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia; Department of Biochemistry, People's Friendship University, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Antonio Lavecchia
- Department of Pharmacy, "Drug Discovery" Laboratory, University of Napoli "Federico II", Via D. Montesano, 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
| | - C S Ramaa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth's College of Pharmacy, Navi Mumbai, India.
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25
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Du Y, Sun H, Lux F, Xie Y, Du L, Xu C, Zhang H, He N, Wang J, Liu Y, Leduc G, Doussineau T, Ji K, Wang Q, Lin Z, Wang Y, Liu Q, Tillement O. Radiosensitization Effect of AGuIX, a Gadolinium-Based Nanoparticle, in Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:56874-56885. [PMID: 33326207 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c16548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is the main treatment for cancer patients. A major concern in radiotherapy is the radiation resistance of some tumors, such as human nonsmall cell lung cancer. However, the radiation dose delivered to the tumors is often limited by the possibility of collateral damage to surrounding healthy tissues. A new and efficient gadolinium-based nanoparticle, AGuIX, has recently been developed for magnetic resonance imaging-guided radiotherapy and has been proven to act as an efficient radiosensitizer. The amplified radiation effects of AGuIX nanoparticles appear to be due to the emission of low-energy photoelectrons and Auger electron interactions. We demonstrated that AGuIX nanoparticles exacerbated radiation-induced DNA double-strand break damage and reduced DNA repair in the H1299 nonsmall cell lung cancer cell line. Furthermore, we observed a significant improvement in tumor cell damage and growth suppression, under radiation therapy, with the AGuIX nanoparticles in a H1299 mouse xenograft model. This study paves the way for research into the radiosensitization mechanism of AGuIX nanoparticles and provides a scientific basis for the use of AGuIX nanoparticles as radiosensitizing drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Du
- Institute of Radiation Medicine& Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 300192 Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 300011 Tianjin, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Institute of Radiation Medicine& Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 300192 Tianjin, China
| | - François Lux
- Institute Light and Mater, UMR5306, Lyon1 University-CNRS, Lyon University, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
- NH TherAguix, NH TherAguix SAS, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Yi Xie
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 730000 Lanzhou, China
| | - Liqing Du
- Institute of Radiation Medicine& Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 300192 Tianjin, China
| | - Chang Xu
- Institute of Radiation Medicine& Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 300192 Tianjin, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 730000 Lanzhou, China
| | - Ningning He
- Institute of Radiation Medicine& Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 300192 Tianjin, China
| | - Jinhan Wang
- Institute of Radiation Medicine& Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 300192 Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Radiation Medicine& Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 300192 Tianjin, China
| | | | | | - Kaihua Ji
- Institute of Radiation Medicine& Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 300192 Tianjin, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Institute of Radiation Medicine& Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 300192 Tianjin, China
| | - Zhenhua Lin
- NH TherAguix, NH TherAguix SAS, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Radiation Medicine& Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 300192 Tianjin, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Institute of Radiation Medicine& Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 300192 Tianjin, China
| | - Olivier Tillement
- Institute Light and Mater, UMR5306, Lyon1 University-CNRS, Lyon University, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
- NH TherAguix, NH TherAguix SAS, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
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26
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Majera D, Mistrik M. Effect of Sepatronium Bromide (YM-155) on DNA Double-Strand Breaks Repair in Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249431. [PMID: 33322336 PMCID: PMC7763167 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Survivin, as an antiapoptotic protein often overexpressed in cancer cells, is a logical target for potential cancer treatment. By overexpressing survivin, cancer cells can avoid apoptotic cell death and often become resistant to treatments, representing a significant obstacle in modern oncology. A survivin suppressor, an imidazolium-based compound known as YM-155, is nowadays studied as an attractive anticancer agent. Although survivin suppression by YM-155 is evident, researchers started to report that YM-155 is also an inducer of DNA damage introducing yet another anticancer mechanism of this drug. Moreover, the concentrations of YM-155 for DNA damage induction seems to be far lower than those needed for survivin inhibition. Understanding the molecular mechanism of action of YM-155 is of vital importance for modern personalized medicine involving the selection of responsive patients and possible treatment combinations. This review focuses mainly on the documented effects of YM-155 on DNA damage signaling pathways. It summarizes up to date literature, and it outlines the molecular mechanism of YM-155 action in the context of the DNA damage field.
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Meaza I, Speer RM, Toyoda JH, Lu H, Wise SS, Croom-Perez TJ, Aboueissa AEM, Wise JP. Prolonged exposure to particulate Cr(VI) is cytotoxic and genotoxic to fin whale cells. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2020; 62:126562. [PMID: 32570008 PMCID: PMC7655514 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] is a human lung carcinogen and global marine pollutant. High Cr concentrations, resembling the ones observed in occupationally exposed workers, have been observed in fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus) in the Gulf of Maine. This outcome suggests Cr might be disrupting the health of fin whale populations. Indeed, Cr in acute (24 h) exposure does cause toxicity in fin whale cells. However, human cell culture data indicate prolonged exposures (120 h) induce a higher amount of toxicity compared to 24 h exposure due to an inhibition of homologous recombination repair. However, whether prolonged exposure causes similar outcomes in fin whale cells is unknown. OBJECTIVE Due to the importance of assessing prolonged exposure toxicity, this study focuses on characterizing acute and prolonged exposure of Cr(VI) in male and female fin whale cells. METHODS Cytotoxicity was measured by the clonogenic assay, also known as colony forming assay, which measures the ability of cells to proliferate and form colonies after the treatment. DNA double strand breaks were analyzed by neutral comet assay. Clastogenicity was measured using the chromosome aberration assay. Intracellular Cr levels were measured with Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (GFAAS) with Syngistix Software. RESULTS In this study, we demonstrate that particulate Cr(VI) induces cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in a treatment-dependent manner after 24 h and 120 h exposures. Cytotoxicity levels were generally low with relative survival above 64 %. DNA double strand break data and chromosome aberration data were elevated after a 24 h exposure, but decreased after a 120 h exposure. While cytotoxicity was similar after 24 h and 120 h exposures, less DNA double strand breaks and chromosomal instability occurred with prolonged exposure. CONCLUSION Particulate Cr(VI) is cytotoxic and genotoxic to fin whale cells after acute and prolonged exposures. The reduction of genotoxicity we have observed after 120 h exposure may be partly explained by lower intracellular Cr levels after 120 h. However, the decrease in intracellular levels is not reflected by a similar decrease in chromosome aberrations suggesting other mechanisms may be at play. Male fin whale cells appear to be more susceptible to the genotoxic effects of particulate Cr(VI) while female cells are less susceptible possibly due to increased cell death of damaged cells, but more work is needed to clarify if this outcome reflects a sex difference or interindividual variability. Overall, the study shows particulate Cr(VI) does induce toxicity at both acute and prolonged exposures in fin whales cells indicating Cr(VI) exposure is a health risk for this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idoia Meaza
- Wise Laboratory of Environmental and Genetic Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, 500 S Preston St, Rm 1422, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Rachel M Speer
- Wise Laboratory of Environmental and Genetic Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, 500 S Preston St, Rm 1422, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Jennifer H Toyoda
- Wise Laboratory of Environmental and Genetic Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, 500 S Preston St, Rm 1422, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Haiyan Lu
- Wise Laboratory of Environmental and Genetic Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, 500 S Preston St, Rm 1422, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Sandra S Wise
- Wise Laboratory of Environmental and Genetic Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, 500 S Preston St, Rm 1422, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Tayler J Croom-Perez
- Wise Laboratory of Environmental and Genetic Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, 500 S Preston St, Rm 1422, Louisville, KY, United States
| | | | - John Pierce Wise
- Wise Laboratory of Environmental and Genetic Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, 500 S Preston St, Rm 1422, Louisville, KY, United States.
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Wang L, Xu X, Teng M, Zhao G, Lei A. Coping with DNA Double-Strand Breaks via ATM Signaling Pathway in Bovine Oocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21238892. [PMID: 33255251 PMCID: PMC7727702 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21238892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
As a common injury almost all cells face, DNA damage in oocytes—especially double-strand breaks (DSBs), which occur naturally during the first meiosis phase (meiosis I) due to synaptic complex separation—affects the fertilization ability of oocytes, instead of causing cancer (as in somatic cells). The mechanism of oocytes to effectively repair DSB damage has not yet been clearly studied, especially considering medically induced DSBs superimposed on naturally occurring DSBs in meiosis I. It was found that maturation rates decreased or increased, respectively corresponding with overexpression or interference of p21 in bovine oocytes. At the same time, the maturation rate of bovine oocytes decreased with a gradual increase in Zeocin dose, and the p21 expression in those immature oocytes changed significantly with the gradual increase in Zeocin dose (same as increased DSB intensity). Same as p21, the variation trend of ATM expression was consistent with the gradual increase in Zeocin dose. Furthermore, the oocytes demonstrated tolerance to DSBs during meiosis I, while the maturation rates decreased when the damage exceeded a certain threshold; according to which, it may be that ATM regulates the p53–p21 pathway to affect the completion of meiosis. In addition, nonhomologous recombination and cumulus cells are potentially involved in the process by which oocytes respond to DSB damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Wang
- Shaanxi Stem Cell Engineering and Technology Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (L.W.); (X.X.); (M.T.)
| | - Xiaolei Xu
- Shaanxi Stem Cell Engineering and Technology Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (L.W.); (X.X.); (M.T.)
| | - Mingming Teng
- Shaanxi Stem Cell Engineering and Technology Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (L.W.); (X.X.); (M.T.)
| | - Guimin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, Department of Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China;
| | - Anmin Lei
- Shaanxi Stem Cell Engineering and Technology Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (L.W.); (X.X.); (M.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-029-87080068
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29
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Charignon E, Bouché M, Clave-Darcissac C, Dahm G, Ichim G, Clotagatide A, Mertani HC, Telouk P, Caramel J, Diaz JJ, Bellemin-Laponnaz S, Bouvet P, Billotey C. In Cellulo Evaluation of the Therapeutic Potential of NHC Platinum Compounds in Metastatic Cutaneous Melanoma. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7826. [PMID: 33105692 PMCID: PMC7659946 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe here the evaluation of the cytotoxic efficacy of two platinum (II) complexes bearing an N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand, a pyridine ligand and bromide or iodide ligands on a panel of human metastatic cutaneous melanoma cell lines representing different genetic subsets including BRAF-inhibitor-resistant cell lines, namely A375, SK-MEL-28, MeWo, HMCB, A375-R, SK-MEL-5-R and 501MEL-R. Cisplatin and dacarbazine were also studied for comparison purposes. Remarkably, the iodine-labelled Pt-NHC complex strongly inhibited proliferation of all tested melanoma cells after 1-h exposure, likely due to its rapid uptake by melanoma cells. The mechanism of this inhibitory activity involves the formation of DNA double-strand breaks and apoptosis. Considering the intrinsic chemoresistance of metastatic melanoma cells of current systemic treatments, these findings are promising and could give research opportunities in the future to improve the prognosis of patients suffering from unresectable metastatic melanoma that are not eligible or that do not respond to the most effective drugs available to date, namely BRAF inhibitors and the anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody (mAb).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Charignon
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, EA3738-Therapeutic Targeting in Oncology, Université Jean Monnet-Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, 165 Chemin du Grand Revoyet, CEDEX, 69921 Oullins, France; (E.C.); (C.C.-D.); (A.C.)
- INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, CEDEX 08, 69373 Lyon, France; (H.C.M.); (J.C.); (J.-J.D.); (P.B.)
| | - Mathilde Bouché
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg-CNRS UMR7504, Strasbourg, Bâtiment 69, 23 Rue du Loess, 67200 Strasbourg, France; (M.B.); (G.D.); (S.B.-L.)
| | - Caroline Clave-Darcissac
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, EA3738-Therapeutic Targeting in Oncology, Université Jean Monnet-Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, 165 Chemin du Grand Revoyet, CEDEX, 69921 Oullins, France; (E.C.); (C.C.-D.); (A.C.)
- Hôpital Nord, Département de Pharmacie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne, Avenue Albert Raimond, 42270 Saint-Priest, France
| | - Georges Dahm
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg-CNRS UMR7504, Strasbourg, Bâtiment 69, 23 Rue du Loess, 67200 Strasbourg, France; (M.B.); (G.D.); (S.B.-L.)
| | - Gabriel Ichim
- Cancer Cell Death Laboratory, part of LabEx DEVweCAN, Cancer Initiation and Tumoral Cell Identity Department, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France;
| | - Anthony Clotagatide
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, EA3738-Therapeutic Targeting in Oncology, Université Jean Monnet-Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, 165 Chemin du Grand Revoyet, CEDEX, 69921 Oullins, France; (E.C.); (C.C.-D.); (A.C.)
- Hôpital Nord, Département de Pharmacie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne, Avenue Albert Raimond, 42270 Saint-Priest, France
| | - Hichem C. Mertani
- INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, CEDEX 08, 69373 Lyon, France; (H.C.M.); (J.C.); (J.-J.D.); (P.B.)
| | - Philippe Telouk
- Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon Terre, Planètes, Université de Lyon, Environnement-ENS-UCBL-CNRS, UMR CNRS 5276 (CNRS, ENS, Université Lyon1), École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 9 rue du Vercors, CEDEX 07, 69364 Lyon, France;
| | - Julie Caramel
- INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, CEDEX 08, 69373 Lyon, France; (H.C.M.); (J.C.); (J.-J.D.); (P.B.)
| | - Jean-Jacques Diaz
- INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, CEDEX 08, 69373 Lyon, France; (H.C.M.); (J.C.); (J.-J.D.); (P.B.)
| | - Stéphane Bellemin-Laponnaz
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg-CNRS UMR7504, Strasbourg, Bâtiment 69, 23 Rue du Loess, 67200 Strasbourg, France; (M.B.); (G.D.); (S.B.-L.)
| | - Philippe Bouvet
- INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, CEDEX 08, 69373 Lyon, France; (H.C.M.); (J.C.); (J.-J.D.); (P.B.)
- École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université de Lyon, 9 rue du Vercors, CEDEX 07, 69364 Lyon, France
| | - Claire Billotey
- INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, CEDEX 08, 69373 Lyon, France; (H.C.M.); (J.C.); (J.-J.D.); (P.B.)
- UFR de Médecine, Campus Santé Innovations, Université de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, 10 rue de Marandière, 42270 Saint-Priest en Jarez, France
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Sun X, Wang Y, Ji K, Liu Y, Kong Y, Nie S, Li N, Hao J, Xie Y, Xu C, Du L, Liu Q. NRF2 preserves genomic integrity by facilitating ATR activation and G2 cell cycle arrest. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:9109-9123. [PMID: 32729622 PMCID: PMC7498319 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is a well-characterized transcription factor that protects cells against oxidative and electrophilic stresses. Emerging evidence has suggested that NRF2 protects cells against DNA damage by mechanisms other than antioxidation, yet the mechanism remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that knockout of NRF2 in cells results in hypersensitivity to ionizing radiation (IR) in the presence or absence of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Under ROS scavenging conditions, induction of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) increases the NRF2 protein level and recruits NRF2 to DNA damage sites where it interacts with ATR, resulting in activation of the ATR-CHK1-CDC2 signaling pathway. In turn, this leads to G2 cell cycle arrest and the promotion of homologous recombination repair of DSBs, thereby preserving genome stability. The inhibition of NRF2 by brusatol increased the radiosensitivity of tumor cells in xenografts by perturbing ATR and CHK1 activation. Collectively, our results reveal a novel function of NRF2 as an ATR activator in the regulation of the cellular response to DSBs. This shift in perspective should help furnish a more complete understanding of the function of NRF2 and the DNA damage response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Sun
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Kaihua Ji
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yangyang Kong
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shasha Nie
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Na Li
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianxiu Hao
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Xie
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chang Xu
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Liqing Du
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin, China
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31
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Henrikus SS, Henry C, McGrath AE, Jergic S, McDonald J, Hellmich Y, Bruckbauer ST, Ritger ML, Cherry M, Wood EA, Pham PT, Goodman MF, Woodgate R, Cox MM, van Oijen AM, Ghodke H, Robinson A. Single-molecule live-cell imaging reveals RecB-dependent function of DNA polymerase IV in double strand break repair. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:8490-8508. [PMID: 32687193 PMCID: PMC7470938 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Several functions have been proposed for the Escherichia coli DNA polymerase IV (pol IV). Although much research has focused on a potential role for pol IV in assisting pol III replisomes in the bypass of lesions, pol IV is rarely found at the replication fork in vivo. Pol IV is expressed at increased levels in E. coli cells exposed to exogenous DNA damaging agents, including many commonly used antibiotics. Here we present live-cell single-molecule microscopy measurements indicating that double-strand breaks induced by antibiotics strongly stimulate pol IV activity. Exposure to the antibiotics ciprofloxacin and trimethoprim leads to the formation of double strand breaks in E. coli cells. RecA and pol IV foci increase after treatment and exhibit strong colocalization. The induction of the SOS response, the appearance of RecA foci, the appearance of pol IV foci and RecA-pol IV colocalization are all dependent on RecB function. The positioning of pol IV foci likely reflects a physical interaction with the RecA* nucleoprotein filaments that has been detected previously in vitro. Our observations provide an in vivo substantiation of a direct role for pol IV in double strand break repair in cells treated with double strand break-inducing antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah S Henrikus
- Molecular Horizons Institute and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Camille Henry
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Amy E McGrath
- Molecular Horizons Institute and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Slobodan Jergic
- Molecular Horizons Institute and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - John P McDonald
- Laboratory of Genomic Integrity, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yvonne Hellmich
- Institute of Biochemistry, Goethe Universität, Frankfurt 3MR4+W2, Germany
| | | | - Matthew L Ritger
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Megan E Cherry
- Molecular Horizons Institute and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Elizabeth A Wood
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Phuong T Pham
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Myron F Goodman
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Roger Woodgate
- Laboratory of Genomic Integrity, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michael M Cox
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Antoine M van Oijen
- Molecular Horizons Institute and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Harshad Ghodke
- Molecular Horizons Institute and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Andrew Robinson
- Molecular Horizons Institute and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
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32
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Xu SJ, Wang X, Wang TY, Lin ZZ, Hu YJ, Huang ZL, Yang XJ, Xu P. Flavonoids from Rosaroxburghii Tratt prevent reactive oxygen species-mediated DNA damage in thymus cells both combined with and without PARP-1 expression after exposure to radiation in vivo. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:16368-16389. [PMID: 32862153 PMCID: PMC7485694 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the role of FRT in ROS/DNA regulation with or without PARP-1 in radiation-injured thymus cells. The administration of FRT to PARP-1-/- (KO) mice demonstrated that FRT significantly increased the viability of thymus cells and decreased their rate of apoptosis through PARP-1. Radiation increased the levels of ROS, γ-H2AX and 53BP1, and induced DNA double strand breaks. Compared with wild type (WT) mice, levels of ROS, γ-H2AX and 53BP1 in KO mice were much less elevated. The FRT treatment groups also showed little reduction in these indicators in KO mice compared with WT mice. The results of the KO mice study indicated that FRT reduced ROS activation through inhibition of PARP-1. Furthermore, FRT reduced the concentrations of γ-H2AX by decreasing ROS activation. However, we found that FRT did not regulate 53BP1, a marker of DNA damage, because of its elimination of ROS. Levels of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), exhibited no significant difference after irradiation in KO mice. To summarize, ROS suppression by PARP-1 knockout in KO mice highlights potential therapeutic target either by PARP-1 inhibition combined with radiation or by treatment with a drug therapy alone. AIF-induced apoptosis could not be activated in KO mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai-Juan Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China
| | - Xia Wang
- College of Medical Laboratory, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China
| | - Tao-Yang Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China
| | - Zheng-Zhan Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China
| | - Yong-Jian Hu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China
| | - Zhong-Lin Huang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China
| | - Xian-Jun Yang
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Recombinant Pharmaceutical Protein Expression System of Henan, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China
| | - Ping Xu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China
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Yang B, Zhang B, Cao Z, Xu X, Huo Z, Zhang P, Xiang S, Zhao Z, Lv C, Meng M, Zhang G, Dong L, Shi S, Yang L, Zhou Q. The lipogenic LXR-SREBF1 signaling pathway controls cancer cell DNA repair and apoptosis and is a vulnerable point of malignant tumors for cancer therapy. Cell Death Differ 2020; 27:2433-2450. [PMID: 32144382 PMCID: PMC7370224 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-020-0514-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells are defective in DNA repair, so they experience increased DNA strand breaks, genome instability, gene mutagenesis, and tumorigenicity; however, multiple classic DNA repair genes and pathways are strongly activated in malignant tumor cells to compensate for the DNA repair deficiency and gain an apoptosis resistance. The mechanisms underlying this phenomenon in cancer are unclear. We speculate that a key DNA repair gene or signaling pathway in cancer has not yet been recognized. Here, we show that the lipogenic liver X receptor (LXR)-sterol response element binding factor-1 (SREBF1) axis controls the transcription of a key DNA repair gene polynucleotide kinase/phosphatase (PNKP), thereby governing cancer cell DNA repair and apoptosis. Notably, the PNKP levels were significantly reduced in 95% of human pancreatic cancer (PC) patients, particularly deep reduction for sixfold in all of the advanced-stage PC cases. PNKP is also deficient in three other types of cancer that we examined. In addition, the expression of LXRs and SREBF1 was significantly reduced in the tumor tissues from human PC patients compared with the adjacent normal tissues. The newly identified LXR-SREBF1-PNKP signaling pathway is deficient in PC, and the defect in the pathway contributes to the DNA repair deficiency in the cancer. Strikingly, further diminution of the vulnerable LXR-SREBF1-PNKP signaling pathway using a small molecule triptonide, a new LXR antagonist identified in this investigation, at a concentration of 8 nM robustly activated tumor-suppressor p53 and readily elevated cancer cell DNA strand breaks over an apoptotic threshold, and selectively induced PC cell apoptosis, resulting in almost complete elimination of tumors in xenograft mice without obvious complications. Our findings provide new insight into DNA repair and apoptosis in cancer, and offer a new platform for developing novel anticancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
- The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, 213003, P. R. China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
- Center of Systems Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
- Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zhifei Cao
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China.
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China.
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China.
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China.
| | - Xingdong Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The People's Hospital of China, Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443000, P. R. China
- The First People's Hospital of Yichang, Yichang, 443000, P. R. China
| | - Zihe Huo
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Pan Zhang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Shufen Xiang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Zhe Zhao
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Chunping Lv
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Mei Meng
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Gaochuan Zhang
- Department of Bioinformatics, College of Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Liang Dong
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Shucheng Shi
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
- The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, 213003, P. R. China
| | - Lan Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
- The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, 213003, P. R. China
| | - Quansheng Zhou
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China.
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China.
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China.
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Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are considered to maintain the vitality of tumor cell populations through self-renewal and infinite proliferation, but their accessibility is still under investigation. In addition, CSCs are more resistant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy compared with common tumor cells. This study aimed to develop a kind of novel and feasible nanomaterial for targeted photothermal ablation of osteosarcoma stem cells, which could be a promising anticancer strategy. The osteosarcoma stem cells were extracted by serum-free culture and we further verified the stem cell properties. We evaluated the expression of CD271 by flow cytometry. PEGylated multifunctional hollow gold nanospheres (HGNs) were prepared based on CD271 monoclonal antibody. Bifunctional SH-PEG-COOH was used to facilitate the covalent linkage between HGNs and antibody. The efficient uptake and distribution of the functionalized HGNs were investigated using ICP-MS and TEM. Morphological studies and quantitative apoptosis evaluation were performed to detect the effect of photothermal therapy (PTT). Afterwards, we explored the possible mechanism by which PTT induced targeted killing of cancer stem cells. Osteosarcoma cells isolated from serum-free culture were detected to show stem cell properties. CD271 was found to be a potential novel surface marker for osteosarcoma stem cells. By conjugating with CD271 monoclonal antibody, these biomimetic nanoparticles can be targeted and absorbed by osteosarcoma stem cells. HGNs-PEG-CD271 achieved excellent cell viability inhibition compared with non-targeted PEGylated HGNs upon near-infrared (NIR) laser irradiation. The mechanism of targeted killing may be related to the apoptosis pathway and DNA double-strand injuries. CD271 was considered to be a surface biomarker for osteosarcoma stem cells. Functionalized HGNs based on CD271 antibody exhibited excellent potential for targeted PTT, which may be a promising strategy for osteosarcoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiguang Tian
- Department of Emergency, Qilu hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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Gentric N, Masoud K, Journot RP, Cognat V, Chabouté ME, Noir S, Genschik P. The F-Box-Like Protein FBL17 Is a Regulator of DNA-Damage Response and Colocalizes with RETINOBLASTOMA RELATED1 at DNA Lesion Sites. Plant Physiol 2020; 183:1295-1305. [PMID: 32414898 PMCID: PMC7333706 DOI: 10.1104/pp.20.00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), the F-box protein F-BOX-LIKE17 (FBL17) was previously identified as an important cell-cycle regulatory protein. FBL17 is required for cell division during pollen development and for normal cell-cycle progression and endoreplication during the diploid sporophyte phase. FBL17 was reported to control the stability of the CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE inhibitor KIP-RELATED PROTEIN (KRP), which may underlie the drastic reduction in cell division activity in both shoot and root apical meristems observed in fbl17 loss-of-function mutants. However, whether FBL17 has other substrates and functions besides degrading KRPs remains poorly understood. Here we show that mutation of FBL17 leads not only to misregulation of cell cycle genes, but also to a strong upregulation of genes involved in DNA damage and repair processes. This phenotype is associated with a higher frequency of DNA lesions in fbl17 and increased cell death in the root meristem, even in the absence of genotoxic stress. Notably, the constitutive activation of DNA damage response genes is largely SOG1-independent in fbl17 In addition, through analyses of root elongation, accumulation of cell death, and occurrence of γH2AX foci, we found that fbl17 mutants are hypersensitive to DNA double-strand break-induced genotoxic stress. Notably, we observed that the FBL17 protein is recruited at nuclear foci upon double-strand break induction and colocalizes with γH2AX, but only in the presence of RETINOBLASTOMA RELATED1. Altogether, our results highlight a role for FBL17 in DNA damage response, likely by ubiquitylating proteins involved in DNA-damage signaling or repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomie Gentric
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Kinda Masoud
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Robin P Journot
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Valérie Cognat
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Marie-Edith Chabouté
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Sandra Noir
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Pascal Genschik
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France
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Adaku N, Park HB, Spakowicz DJ, Tiwari MK, Strobel SA, Crawford JM, Rogers FA. A DNA Repair Inhibitor Isolated from an Ecuadorian Fungal Endophyte Exhibits Synthetic Lethality in PTEN-Deficient Glioblastoma. J Nat Prod 2020; 83:1899-1908. [PMID: 32407116 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Disruption of the tumor suppressor PTEN, either at the protein or genomic level, plays an important role in human cancer development. The high frequency of PTEN deficiency reported across several cancer subtypes positions therapeutic approaches that exploit PTEN loss-of-function with the ability to significantly impact the treatment strategies of a large patient population. Here, we report that an endophytic fungus isolated from a medicinal plant produces an inhibitor of DNA double-strand-break repair. Furthermore, the novel alkaloid product, which we have named irrepairzepine (1), demonstrated synthetic lethal targeting in PTEN-deficient glioblastoma cells. Our results uncover a new therapeutic lead for PTEN-deficient cancers and an important molecular tool toward enhancing the efficacy of current cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nneoma Adaku
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Hyun Bong Park
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Chemical Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Daniel J Spakowicz
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Meetu Kaushik Tiwari
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Scott A Strobel
- Chemical Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Jason M Crawford
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Chemical Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06536, United States
| | - Faye A Rogers
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
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Jeon IS, Shin JC, Kim SR, Park KS, Yoo HJ, Lee KY, Lee HK, Choi JK. Role of RS-1 derivatives in homology-directed repair at the human genome ATG5 locus. Arch Pharm Res 2020; 43:639-645. [PMID: 32500310 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-020-01226-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Genome editing is a useful tool in basic and clinical research. Among the several approaches used in genome editing, the CRISPR-Cas9 system using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) along with a guide RNA has been developed recently. The CRISPR/Cas9 system induces site-specific double-stranded DNA breaks, which result in DNA repair via non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) or homology-directed repair (HDR). However, HDR efficiency is lower than that of NHEJ and accordingly poses a challenge in genome modification studies. Several chemical compounds including RS-1 have been shown to enhance the HDR knock-in process by two- to six-fold in HEK 293 cells and rabbit embryos. Based on this finding, we developed an antibiotic resistance system to screen RS-1 chemical derivatives, which may promote efficient HDR. In this study, we report several chemical compounds with high knock-in efficiency at the ATG5 gene locus, using HeLa cell-based assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Sook Jeon
- Division of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Korea
| | - Jae-Cheon Shin
- Pohang Center for Evaluation of Biomaterials, 394, Jigok-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Ryul Kim
- Division of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Korea
| | - Kwan Sik Park
- Division of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Yoo
- Department of Consumer Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Korea
| | - Kwang Youl Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Drug Development, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak-Kyo Lee
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju-si, 54896, Jeollabuk-do, Korea.
| | - Joong-Kook Choi
- Division of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Korea.
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Maselli BS, Cunha V, Lim H, Bergvall C, Westerholm R, Dreij K, Watanabe T, Cardoso AA, Pozza SA, Umbuzeiro GA, Kummrow F. Similar polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and genotoxicity profiles of atmospheric particulate matter from cities on three different continents. Environ Mol Mutagen 2020; 61:560-573. [PMID: 32285490 DOI: 10.1002/em.22377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The extractable organic material (EOM) from atmospheric total suspended particles (TSP) contains several organic compounds including non-substituted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), alkyl-PAHs, and nitro-PAHs. These chemicals seem to be among the key drivers of TSP genotoxicity. We have shown previously that the mutagenic potencies of the EOM from Limeira, Stockholm, and Kyoto, cities with markedly different meteorological conditions and pollution sources are similar. Here we compare the profiles of non-substituted PAHs (27 congeners), alkyl-PAHs (15 congeners), and nitro-PAHs (7 congeners) from the same EOM samples from these cities. We also compared the genotoxicity profiles using comet and micronucleus assays in human bronchial epithelial cells. The profiles of PAHs, as well as the cytotoxic and genotoxic potencies when expressed in EOM, were quite similar among the studied cities. It seems that despite the differences in meteorological conditions and pollution sources of the cities, removal, mixing, and different atmospheric transformation processes may be contributing to the similarity of the PAHs composition and genotoxicity profiles. More studies are required to verify if this would be a general rule applicable to other cities. Although these profiles were similar for all three cities, the EOM concentration in the atmospheres is markedly different. Thus, the population of Limeira (∼10-fold more EOM/m3 than Stockholm and ∼6-fold more than Kyoto) is exposed to higher concentrations of genotoxic pollutants, and Kyoto's population is 1.5-fold more exposed than Stockholm's. Therefore, to reduce the risk of human exposure to TSP genotoxins, the volume of emissions needs to be reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca S Maselli
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Virginia Cunha
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hwanmi Lim
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christoffer Bergvall
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Roger Westerholm
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kristian Dreij
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tetsushi Watanabe
- Department of Public Health, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Arnaldo A Cardoso
- Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Simone A Pozza
- School of Technology, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Limeira, Brazil
| | - Gisela A Umbuzeiro
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
- School of Technology, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Limeira, Brazil
| | - Fábio Kummrow
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Diadema, Brazil
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Paillas S, Then CK, Kilgas S, Ruan JL, Thompson J, Elliott A, Smart S, Kiltie AE. The Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Romidepsin Spares Normal Tissues While Acting as an Effective Radiosensitizer in Bladder Tumors in Vivo. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020; 107:212-221. [PMID: 31987970 PMCID: PMC7181176 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Muscle-invasive bladder cancer has a 40% to 60% 5-year survival rate with radical treatment by surgical removal of the bladder or radiation therapy-based bladder preservation techniques, including concurrent chemoradiation. Elderly patients cannot tolerate current chemoradiation therapy regimens and often receive only radiation therapy, which is less effective. We urgently need effective chemotherapy agents for use with radiation therapy combinations that are nontoxic to normal tissues and tolerated by elderly patients. METHODS AND MATERIALS We have identified histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors as promising agents to study. Pan-HDAC inhibition, using panobinostat, is a good strategy for radiosensitization, but more selective agents may be more useful radiosensitizers in a clinical setting, resulting in fewer systemic side effects. Herein, we study the HDAC class I-selective agent romidepsin, which we predict to have fewer off-target effects than panobinostat while maintaining an effective level of tumor radiosensitization. RESULTS In vitro effects of romidepsin were assessed by clonogenic assay and showed that romidepsin was effective in the nanomolar range in different bladder cancer cells and radiosensitized these cells. The radiosensitizing effect of romidepsin was confirmed in vivo using superficial xenografts. The drug/irradiation combination treatment resulted in significant tumor growth delay but did not increase the severity of acute (3.75 days) intestinal normal tissue toxicity or late toxicity at 29 weeks. Moreover, we showed that romidepsin treatment impaired both homologous recombination and nonhomologous end joining DNA repair pathways, suggesting that the disruption of DNA repair pathways caused by romidepsin is a key mechanism for its radiosensitizing effect in bladder cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that romidepsin is an effective radiosensitizer in vitro and in vivo and does not increase the acute and late toxicity after ionizing radiation. Romidepsin is already in clinical use for the cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, but a phase 1 clinical trial of romidepsin as a radiosensitizer could be considered in muscle-invasive bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salome Paillas
- Department of Oncology, CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Chee K Then
- Department of Oncology, CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Susan Kilgas
- Department of Oncology, CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jia-Ling Ruan
- Department of Oncology, CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - James Thompson
- Department of Oncology, CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Amy Elliott
- Department of Oncology, CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sean Smart
- Department of Oncology, CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Anne E Kiltie
- Department of Oncology, CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.
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40
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Lamas‐Toranzo I, Martínez‐Moro A, O´Callaghan E, Millán‐Blanca G, Sánchez J, Lonergan P, Bermejo‐Álvarez P. RS-1 enhances CRISPR-mediated targeted knock-in in bovine embryos. Mol Reprod Dev 2020; 87:542-549. [PMID: 32227559 PMCID: PMC7496720 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Targeted knock-in (KI) can be achieved in embryos by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-assisted homology directed repair (HDR). However, HDR efficiency is constrained by the competition of nonhomologous end joining. The objective of this study was to explore whether CRISPR-assisted targeted KI rates can be improved in bovine embryos by exposure to the HDR enhancer RS-1. In vitro produced zygotes were injected with CRISPR components (300 ng/µl Cas9 messenger RNA and 100 ng/µl single guide RNA against a noncoding region) and a single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) repair template (100 ng/µl). ssDNA template contained a 6 bp XbaI site insert, allowing targeted KI detection by restriction analysis, flanked by 50 bp homology arms. Following microinjection, zygotes were exposed to 0, 3.75, or 7.5 µM RS-1 for 24 hr. No differences were noted between groups in terms of development or genome edition rates. However, targeted KI rates were doubled in the group exposed to 7.5 µM RS-1 compared to the others (52.8% vs. 25% and 23.1%, for 7.5, 0, and 3.75 µM, respectively). In conclusion, transient exposure to 7.5 µM RS-1 enhances targeted KI rates resulting in approximately half of the embryos containing the intended mutation, hence allowing direct KI generation in embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A. Martínez‐Moro
- Animal Reproduction DepartmentINIAMadridSpain
- ProcreatecMadridSpain
| | - E. O´Callaghan
- School of Agriculture and Food ScienceUniversity College DublinDublinIreland
| | | | - J.M. Sánchez
- School of Agriculture and Food ScienceUniversity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - P. Lonergan
- School of Agriculture and Food ScienceUniversity College DublinDublinIreland
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Sun Y, Ning X, Fan J, Hu J, Jiang Y, Hu Z, Paulo JA, Liu J, Qiu X, Xu H, Fu S, Gygi SP, Zhang J, Zhou C. Loss of tumor suppressor inositol polyphosphate 4-phosphatase type B impairs DNA double-strand break repair by destabilization of DNA tethering protein Rad50. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:292. [PMID: 32341333 PMCID: PMC7184567 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2491-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Genome instability is the fundamental hallmark of malignant tumors. Tumor suppressors often play a role in maintaining genome stability. Our previous genetic screen identified inositol polyphosphate 4-phosphatase type B (INPP4B), primarily hydrolyzing phosphatidylinositol 3, 4-disphosphate, is a potential tumor suppressor in lung cancer cells. How INPP4B regulates the genome stability of lung cancer cells is unclear. Here we report knockout of INPP4B in lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells by Crispr-Cas9 gene editing leads to sensitization to ionizing radiation (IR), PARP inhibitor olaparib and impaired DNA homologous recombination repair. Re-introduction of a Crispr-Cas9 resistant INPP4B gene in the INPP4B knockout cells partially restored their resistance to IR, indicating loss of INPP4B protein is relevant to the increased IR sensitivity. Furthermore, we showed ectopic expressed INPP4B in A549 cells responds to IR irradiation by redistribution from cytoplasm to nucleus and endogenous INPP4B protein interacts with Rad50, a crucial MRN complex component for tethering DNA double-strand breaks. Loss of INPP4B protein results in decreased stability of Rad50 in vivo, suggesting an unanticipated role of tumor suppressor INPP4B in maintaining genome integrity via facilitating Rad50 mediated DNA double-strand break repair. Taken together, our findings support a dual role of INPP4B in suppression of tumorigenesis by safeguarding genome stability, as well as inhibiting of PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling, and offer a new therapeutic strategy for personalized cancer treatment to patients with INPP4B defects or deficiency in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Sun
- The Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xuelian Ning
- The Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Jiankun Fan
- The Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Jiandong Hu
- The Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Yanting Jiang
- The Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Ziqi Hu
- The Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Joao A Paulo
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jichao Liu
- The 2th Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Xiaohong Qiu
- The 2th Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Hui Xu
- The Tumor Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Songbin Fu
- The Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
- Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Steven P Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jinwei Zhang
- The 2th Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China.
| | - Chunshui Zhou
- The Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.
- Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150081, China.
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Li N, Wang J, Wallace SS, Chen J, Zhou J, D’Andrea AD. Cooperation of the NEIL3 and Fanconi anemia/BRCA pathways in interstrand crosslink repair. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:3014-3028. [PMID: 31980815 PMCID: PMC7102959 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The NEIL3 DNA glycosylase is a base excision repair enzyme that excises bulky base lesions from DNA. Although NEIL3 has been shown to unhook interstrand crosslinks (ICL) in Xenopus extracts, how NEIL3 participants in ICL repair in human cells and its corporation with the canonical Fanconi anemia (FA)/BRCA pathway remain unclear. Here we show that the NEIL3 and the FA/BRCA pathways are non-epistatic in psoralen-ICL repair. The NEIL3 pathway is the major pathway for repairing psoralen-ICL, and the FA/BRCA pathway is only activated when NEIL3 is not present. Mechanistically, NEIL3 is recruited to psoralen-ICL in a rapid, PARP-dependent manner. Importantly, the NEIL3 pathway repairs psoralen-ICLs without generating double-strand breaks (DSBs), unlike the FA/BRCA pathway. In addition, we found that the RUVBL1/2 complex physically interact with NEIL3 and function within the NEIL3 pathway in psoralen-ICL repair. Moreover, TRAIP is important for the recruitment of NEIL3 but not FANCD2, and knockdown of TRAIP promotes FA/BRCA pathway activation. Interestingly, TRAIP is non-epistatic with both NEIL3 and FA pathways in psoralen-ICL repair, suggesting that TRAIP may function upstream of the two pathways. Taken together, the NEIL3 pathway is the major pathway to repair psoralen-ICL through a unique DSB-free mechanism in human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niu Li
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Ministry of Health, Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Susan S Wallace
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Jing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Ministry of Health, Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alan D D’Andrea
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for DNA Damage and Repair, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Susan F. Smith Center for Women's Cancers, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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43
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Yang G, Chen Y, Wu J, Chen SH, Liu X, Singh AK, Yu X. Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation mediates early phase histone eviction at DNA lesions. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:3001-3013. [PMID: 31965183 PMCID: PMC7102957 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleosomal histones are barriers to the DNA repair process particularly at DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). However, the molecular mechanism by which these histone barriers are removed from the sites of DNA damage remains elusive. Here, we have generated a single specific inducible DSB in the cells and systematically examined the histone removal process at the DNA lesion. We found that histone removal occurred immediately following DNA damage and could extend up to a range of few kilobases from the lesion. To examine the molecular mechanism underlying DNA damage-induced histone removal, we screened histone modifications and found that histone ADP-ribosylation was associated with histone removal at DNA lesions. PARP inhibitor treatment suppressed the immediate histone eviction at DNA lesions. Moreover, we examined histone chaperones and found that the FACT complex recognized ADP-ribosylated histones and mediated the removal of histones in response to DNA damage. Taken together, our results reveal a pathway that regulates early histone barrier removal at DNA lesions. It may also explain the mechanism by which PARP inhibitor regulates early DNA damage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Yang
- Department of Cancer Genetics & Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Yibin Chen
- Department of Cancer Genetics & Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Jiaxue Wu
- Department of Cancer Genetics & Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Shih-Hsun Chen
- Department of Cancer Genetics & Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Xiuhua Liu
- Department of Cancer Genetics & Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Anup Kumar Singh
- Department of Cancer Genetics & Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Xiaochun Yu
- Department of Cancer Genetics & Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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Spiegelberg D, Abramenkovs A, Mortensen ACL, Lundsten S, Nestor M, Stenerlöw B. The HSP90 inhibitor Onalespib exerts synergistic anti-cancer effects when combined with radiotherapy: an in vitro and in vivo approach. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5923. [PMID: 32246062 PMCID: PMC7125222 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62293-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncogenic client-proteins of the chaperone Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) insure unlimited tumor growth and are involved in resistance to chemo- and radiotherapy. The HSP90 inhibitor Onalespib initiates the degradation of oncoproteins, and might also act as a radiosensitizer. The aim of this study was therefore to evaluate the efficacy of Onalespib in combination with external beam radiotherapy in an in vitro and in vivo approach. Onalespib downregulated client proteins, lead to increased apoptosis and caused DNA-double-strands. Monotherapy and combination with radiotherapy reduced colony formation, proliferation and migration assessed in radiosensitive HCT116 and radioresistant A431 cells. In vivo, a minimal treatment regimen for 3 consecutive days of Onalespib (3 × 10 mg/kg) doubled survival, whereas Onalespib with radiotherapy (3 × 2 Gy) caused a substantial delay in tumor growth and prolonged the survival by a factor of 3 compared to the HCT116 xenografted control group. Our results demonstrate that Onalespib exerts synergistic anti-cancer effects when combined with radiotherapy, most prominent in the radiosensitive cell models. We speculate that the depletion and downregulation of client proteins involved in signalling, migration and DNA repair mechanisms is the cause. Thus, individually, or in combination with radiotherapy Onalespib inhibits tumor growth and has the potential to improve radiotherapy outcomes, prolonging the overall survival of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Spiegelberg
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Andris Abramenkovs
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Sara Lundsten
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marika Nestor
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bo Stenerlöw
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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45
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Lamboy-Caraballo R, Ortiz-Sanchez C, Acevedo-Santiago A, Matta J, N.A. Monteiro A, N. Armaiz-Pena G. Norepinephrine-Induced DNA Damage in Ovarian Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062250. [PMID: 32213975 PMCID: PMC7139728 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple studies have shown that psychological distress in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) patients is associated with worse quality of life and poor treatment adherence. This may influence chemotherapy response and prognosis. Moreover, although stress hormones can reduce cisplatin efficacy in EOC treatment, their effect on the integrity of DNA remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated whether norepinephrine and epinephrine can induce DNA damage and modulate cisplatin-induced DNA damage in three EOC cell lines. Our data show that norepinephrine and epinephrine exposure led to increased nuclear γ-H2AX foci formation in EOC cells, a marker of double-strand DNA breaks. We further characterized norepinephrine-induced DNA damage by subjecting EOC cells to alkaline and neutral comet assays. Norepinephrine exposure caused DNA double-strand breaks, but not single-strand breaks. Interestingly, pre-treatment with propranolol abrogated norepinephrine-induced DNA damage indicating that its effects may be mediated by β-adrenergic receptors. Lastly, we determined the effects of norepinephrine on cisplatin-induced DNA damage. Our data suggest that norepinephrine reduced cisplatin-induced DNA damage in EOC cells and that this effect may be mediated independently of β-adrenergic receptors. Taken together, these results suggest that stress hormones can affect DNA integrity and modulate cisplatin resistance in EOC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio Lamboy-Caraballo
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, PR 00716, USA; (R.L.-C.); (J.M.)
| | | | | | - Jaime Matta
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, PR 00716, USA; (R.L.-C.); (J.M.)
- Division of Cancer Biology, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce, PR 00716, USA;
| | - Alvaro N.A. Monteiro
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
| | - Guillermo N. Armaiz-Pena
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, PR 00716, USA; (R.L.-C.); (J.M.)
- Division of Cancer Biology, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce, PR 00716, USA;
- Division of Women’s Health, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce, PR 00716, USA
- Correspondence:
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Ihara M, Shichijo K, Takeshita S, Kudo T. Wortmannin, a specific inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase, induces accumulation of DNA double-strand breaks. J Radiat Res 2020; 61:171-176. [PMID: 32052028 PMCID: PMC7246056 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrz102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Wortmannin, a fungal metabolite, is a specific inhibitor of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) family, which includes double-stranded DNA dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) and ataxia telangiectasia mutated kinase (ATM). We investigated the effects of wortmannin on DNA damage in DNA-PK-deficient cells obtained from severe combined immunodeficient mice (SCID cells). Survival of wortmannin-treated cells decreased in a concentration-dependent manner. After treatment with 50 μM wortmannin, survival decreased to 60% of that of untreated cells. We observed that treatment with 20 and 50 μM wortmannin induced DNA damage equivalent to that by 0.37 and 0.69 Gy, respectively, of γ-ray radiation. The accumulation of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in wortmannin-treated SCID cells was assessed using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. The maximal accumulation was observed 4 h after treatment. Moreover, the presence of DSBs was confirmed by the ability of nuclear extracts from γ-ray-irradiated SCID cells to produce in vitro phosphorylation of histone H2AX. These results suggest that wortmannin induces cellular toxicity by accumulation of spontaneous DSBs through inhibition of ATM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Ihara
- Department of Radioisotope Medicine, Atomic Bomb Disease and Hibakusha Medicine Unit, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Nagasaki University, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Kazuko Shichijo
- Department of Tumor and Diagnostic Pathology, Atomic Bomb Disease and Hibakusha Medicine Unit, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Satoshi Takeshita
- Department of Radioisotope Medicine, Atomic Bomb Disease and Hibakusha Medicine Unit, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
- Joint Research Office, Research Promotion Division, Office for Research Initiative and Development, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Takashi Kudo
- Department of Radioisotope Medicine, Atomic Bomb Disease and Hibakusha Medicine Unit, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
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47
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Ray U, Raul SK, Gopinatha VK, Ghosh D, Rangappa KS, Mantelingu K, Raghavan SC. Identification and characterization of novel SCR7-based small-molecule inhibitor of DNA end-joining, SCR130 and its relevance in cancer therapeutics. Mol Carcinog 2020; 59:618-628. [PMID: 32189406 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Targeting DNA repair with small-molecule inhibitors is an attractive strategy for cancer therapy. Majority of DNA double-strand breaks in mammalian cells are repaired through nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ). It has been shown that small-molecule inhibitors of NHEJ can block efficient repair inside cancer cells, leading to cell death. Previously, we have reported that SCR7, an inhibitor of NHEJ can induce tumor regression in mice. Later studies have shown that different forms of SCR7 can inhibit DNA end-joining in Ligase IV-dependent manner. Recently, we have derivatized SCR7 by introducing spiro ring into core structure. Here, we report the identification of a novel inhibitor of NHEJ, named SCR130 with 20-fold higher efficacy in inducing cytotoxicity in cancer cell lines. SCR130 inhibited DNA end-joining catalyzed by rat tissue extract. Specificity analysis revealed that while SCR130 was specific to Ligase IV, it showed minimal or no effect on Ligase III and Ligase I mediated joining. Importantly, SCR130 exhibited the least cytotoxicity in Ligase IV-null cell line as compared with wild type, confirming Ligase IV-specificity. Furthermore, we demonstrate that SCR130 can potentiate the effect of radiation in cancer cells when used in combination with γ-radiation. Various cellular assays in conjunction with Western blot analysis revealed that treatment with SCR130 led to loss of mitochondrial membrane potential leading to cell death by activating both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of apoptosis. Thus, we describe a novel inhibitor of NHEJ with higher efficacy and may have the potential to be developed as cancer therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ujjayinee Ray
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar Raul
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Vindya K Gopinatha
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, ManasaganFindo-frgotri, University of Mysore, Mysuru, India
| | - Dipayan Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Kempegowda Mantelingu
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, ManasaganFindo-frgotri, University of Mysore, Mysuru, India
| | - Sathees C Raghavan
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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48
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Zhao K, Wang X, Xue X, Li L, Hu Y. A long noncoding RNA sensitizes genotoxic treatment by attenuating ATM activation and homologous recombination repair in cancers. PLoS Biol 2020; 18:e3000666. [PMID: 32203529 PMCID: PMC7138317 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) is an apical kinase of the DNA damage response following DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs); however, the mechanisms of ATM activation are not completely understood. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a class of regulatory molecules whose significant roles in DNA damage response have started to emerge. However, how lncRNA regulates ATM activity remains unknown. Here, we identify an inhibitor of ATM activation, lncRNA HITT (HIF-1α inhibitor at translation level). Mechanistically, HITT directly interacts with ATM at the HEAT repeat domain, blocking MRE11-RAD50-NBS1 complex-dependent ATM recruitment, leading to restrained homologous recombination repair and enhanced chemosensitization. Following DSBs, HITT is elevated mainly by the activation of Early Growth Response 1 (EGR1), resulting in retarded and restricted ATM activation. A reverse association between HITT and ATM activity was also detected in human colon cancer tissues. Furthermore, HITTs sensitize DNA damaging agent-induced cell death both in vitro and in vivo. These findings connect lncRNA directly to ATM activity regulation and reveal potential roles for HITT in sensitizing cancers to genotoxic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunming Zhao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xingwen Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xuting Xue
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Li Li
- The fourth affiliated hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Ying Hu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
- Shenzhen Graduate School of Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China
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49
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Karakashev S, Fukumoto T, Zhao B, Lin J, Wu S, Fatkhutdinov N, Park PH, Semenova G, Jean S, Cadungog MG, Borowsky ME, Kossenkov AV, Liu Q, Zhang R. EZH2 Inhibition Sensitizes CARM1-High, Homologous Recombination Proficient Ovarian Cancers to PARP Inhibition. Cancer Cell 2020; 37:157-167.e6. [PMID: 32004442 PMCID: PMC7155421 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2019.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In response to DNA double-strand breaks, MAD2L2-containing shieldin complex plays a critical role in the choice between homologous recombination (HR) and non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ)-mediated repair. Here we show that EZH2 inhibition upregulates MAD2L2 and sensitizes HR-proficient epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) to poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor in a CARM1-dependent manner. CARM1 promotes MAD2L2 silencing by driving the switch from the SWI/SNF complex to EZH2 through methylating the BAF155 subunit of the SWI/SNF complex on the MAD2L2 promoter. EZH2 inhibition upregulates MAD2L2 to decrease DNA end resection, which increases NHEJ and chromosomal abnormalities, ultimately causing mitotic catastrophe in PARP inhibitor treated HR-proficient cells. Significantly, EZH2 inhibitor sensitizes CARM1-high, but not CARM-low, EOCs to PARP inhibitors in both orthotopic and patient-derived xenografts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Karakashev
- Gene Expression and Regulation Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Takeshi Fukumoto
- Gene Expression and Regulation Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Bo Zhao
- Gene Expression and Regulation Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jianhuang Lin
- Gene Expression and Regulation Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Shuai Wu
- Gene Expression and Regulation Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nail Fatkhutdinov
- Gene Expression and Regulation Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Pyoung-Hwa Park
- Gene Expression and Regulation Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Galina Semenova
- Gene Expression and Regulation Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Stephanie Jean
- Helen F. Graham Cancer Center & Research Institute, Newark, DE 19713, USA
| | - Mark G Cadungog
- Helen F. Graham Cancer Center & Research Institute, Newark, DE 19713, USA
| | - Mark E Borowsky
- Helen F. Graham Cancer Center & Research Institute, Newark, DE 19713, USA
| | - Andrew V Kossenkov
- Gene Expression and Regulation Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Qin Liu
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Rugang Zhang
- Gene Expression and Regulation Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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50
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Goodenow D, Emmanuel F, Berman C, Sahyouni M, Richardson C. Bioflavonoids cause DNA double-strand breaks and chromosomal translocations through topoisomerase II-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Mutat Res Genet Toxicol Environ Mutagen 2020; 849:503144. [PMID: 32087851 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2020.503144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Bioflavonoids have a similar chemical structure to etoposide, the well-characterized topoisomerase II (Top2) poison, and evidence shows that they also induce DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and promote genome rearrangements. The purpose of this study was to determine the kinetics of bioflavonoid-induced DSB appearance and repair, and their dependence on Top2. Cells were exposed to bioflavonoids individually or in combination in the presence or absence of the Top2 catalytic inhibitor dexrazoxane. The kinetics of appearance and repair of γH2AX foci were measured. In addition, the frequency of resultant MLL-AF9 breakpoint cluster region translocations was determined. Bioflavonoids readily induced the appearance of γH2AX foci, but bioflavonoid combinations did not act additively or synergistically to promote DSBs. Myricetin-induced DSBs were mostly reduced by dexrazoxane, while genistein and quercetin-induced DSBs were only partially, but significantly, reduced. By contrast, luteolin and kaempferol-induced DSBs increased with dexrazoxane pre-treatment. Sensitivity to Top2 inhibition correlated with a significant reduction of bioflavonoid-induced MLL-AF9 translocations. These data demonstrate that myricetin, genistein, and quercetin act most similar to etoposide although with varying Top2-dependence. By contrast, luteolin and kaempferol have distinct kinetics that are mostly Top2-independent. These findings have implications for understanding the mechanisms of bioflavonoid activity and the potential of individual bioflavonoids to promote chromosomal translocations. Further, they provide direct evidence that specific Top2 inhibitors or targeted drugs could be developed that possess less leukemic potential or suppress chromosomal translocations associated with therapy-related and infant leukemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna Goodenow
- University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Department of Biological Sciences, 9201 University City Boulevard, Charlotte NC, 28223, United States
| | - Faith Emmanuel
- University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Department of Biological Sciences, 9201 University City Boulevard, Charlotte NC, 28223, United States
| | - Chase Berman
- University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Department of Biological Sciences, 9201 University City Boulevard, Charlotte NC, 28223, United States
| | - Mark Sahyouni
- University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Department of Biological Sciences, 9201 University City Boulevard, Charlotte NC, 28223, United States
| | - Christine Richardson
- University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Department of Biological Sciences, 9201 University City Boulevard, Charlotte NC, 28223, United States.
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