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Tilekar K, Shelke O, Upadhyay N, Lavecchia A, Ramaa CS. Current status and future prospects of molecular hybrids with thiazolidinedione (TZD) scaffold in anticancer drug discovery. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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2
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Upadhyay N, Tilekar K, Safuan S, Kumar AP, Schweipert M, Meyer-Almes FJ, C S R. Multi-target weapons: diaryl-pyrazoline thiazolidinediones simultaneously targeting VEGFR-2 and HDAC cancer hallmarks. RSC Med Chem 2021; 12:1540-1554. [PMID: 34671737 PMCID: PMC8459325 DOI: 10.1039/d1md00125f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In anticancer drug discovery, multi-targeting compounds have been beneficial due to their advantages over single-targeting compounds. For instance, VEGFR-2 has a crucial role in angiogenesis and cancer management, whereas HDACs are well-known regulators of epigenetics and have been known to contribute significantly to angiogenesis and carcinogenesis. Herein, we have reported nineteen novel VEGFR-2 and HDAC dual-targeting analogs containing diaryl-pyrazoline thiazolidinediones and their in vitro and in vivo biological evaluation. In particular, the most promising compound 14c has emerged as a dual inhibitor of VEGFR-2 and HDAC. It demonstrated anti-angiogenic activity by inhibiting in vitro HUVEC proliferation, migration, and tube formation. Moreover, an in vivo CAM assay showed that 14c repressed new capillary formation in CAMs. In particular, 14c exhibited cytotoxicity potential on different cancer cell lines such as MCF-7, K562, A549, and HT-29. Additionally, 14c demonstrated significant potency and selectivity against HDAC4 in the sub-micromolar range. To materialize the hypothesis, we also performed molecular docking on the crystal structures of both VEGFR-2 (PDB ID: 1YWN) and HDAC4 (PDB-ID: 4CBY), which corroborated the designing and biological activity. The results indicated that compound 14c could be a potential lead to develop more optimized multi-target analogs with enhanced potency and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Upadhyay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth's College of Pharmacy Navi Mumbai India
| | - Kalpana Tilekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth's College of Pharmacy Navi Mumbai India
| | - Sabreena Safuan
- Universiti Sains Malaysia School of Health Sciences Health Campus Universiti Sains Malaysia 16150 Kubang Kerian Kelantan Malaysia
| | - Alan P Kumar
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Singapore
| | - Markus Schweipert
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Darmstadt Germany
| | - Franz-Josef Meyer-Almes
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Darmstadt Germany
| | - Ramaa C S
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth's College of Pharmacy Navi Mumbai India
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Upadhyay N, Tilekar K, Safuan S, Kumar AP, Schweipert M, Meyer-Almes FJ, Ramaa CS. Double-edged Swords: Diaryl pyrazoline thiazolidinediones synchronously targeting cancer epigenetics and angiogenesis. Bioorg Chem 2021; 116:105350. [PMID: 34547645 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, two novel series of compounds incorporating naphthyl and pyridyl linker were synthesized and biological assays revealed 5-((6-(2-(5-(2-chlorophenyl)-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-2-oxoethoxy) naphthalene-2-yl)methylene)thiazolidine-2,4-dione (14b) as the most potent dual inhibitors of vascular endothelial growth factors receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) and histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4). Compounds 13b, 14b, 17f, and 21f were found to stabilize HDAC4; where, pyridyl linker swords were endowed with higher stabilization effects than naphthyl linker. Also, 13b and 14b showed best inhibitory activity on VEGFR-2 as compared to others. Compound 14b was most potent as evident by in-vitro and in-vivo biological assessments. It displayed anti-angiogenic potential by inhibiting endothelial cell proliferation, migration, tube formation and also suppressed new capillary formation in the growing chick chorioallantoic membranes (CAMs). It showed selectivity and potency towards HDAC4 as compared to other HDAC isoforms. Compound 14b (25 mg/kg, i.p.) also indicated exceptional antitumor efficacy on in-vivo animal xenograft model of human colorectal adenocarcinoma (HT-29). The mechanism of action of 14b was also confirmed by western blot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Upadhyay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth's College of Pharmacy, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Kalpana Tilekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth's College of Pharmacy, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Sabreena Safuan
- School of Health Sciences, Health Campus Universiti Sains 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Alan P Kumar
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore and Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Markus Schweipert
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Franz-Josef Meyer-Almes
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences, Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - C S Ramaa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth's College of Pharmacy, Navi Mumbai, India.
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Tilekar K, Hess JD, Upadhyay N, Schweipert M, Flath F, Gutierrez DA, Loiodice F, Lavecchia A, Meyer‐Almes F, Aguilera RJ, Ramaa CS. HDAC4 Inhibitors with Cyclic Linker and Non‐hydroxamate Zinc Binding Group: Design, Synthesis, HDAC Screening and
in
vitro
Cytotoxicity evaluation. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202102061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kalpana Tilekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Bharati Vidyapeeth's College of Pharmacy, Sector 8, CBD Belapur Navi Mumbai India
| | - Jessica D. Hess
- Cellular Characterization and Biorepository Core Facility Border Biomedical Research Center Department of Biological Sciences The University of Texas at El Paso 500 West University Avenue El Paso TX 79968-0519 USA
| | - Neha Upadhyay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Bharati Vidyapeeth's College of Pharmacy, Sector 8, CBD Belapur Navi Mumbai India
| | - Markus Schweipert
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology University of Applied Science Haardtring 100 64295 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Felix Flath
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology University of Applied Science Haardtring 100 64295 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Denisse A. Gutierrez
- Cellular Characterization and Biorepository Core Facility Border Biomedical Research Center Department of Biological Sciences The University of Texas at El Paso 500 West University Avenue El Paso TX 79968-0519 USA
| | - Fulvio Loiodice
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Science University of Bari “Aldo Moro” Via E. Orabona, 4 70126 Bari Italy
| | - Antonio Lavecchia
- Department of Pharmacy “Drug Discovery” Laboratory University of Napoli “Federico II” Via D. Montesano, 49 80131 Napoli Italy
| | - Franz‐Josef Meyer‐Almes
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology University of Applied Science Haardtring 100 64295 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Renato J. Aguilera
- Cellular Characterization and Biorepository Core Facility Border Biomedical Research Center Department of Biological Sciences The University of Texas at El Paso 500 West University Avenue El Paso TX 79968-0519 USA
| | - C. S. Ramaa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Bharati Vidyapeeth's College of Pharmacy, Sector 8, CBD Belapur Navi Mumbai India
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Upadhyay N, Tilekar K, Safuan S, Kumar AP, Stalin J, Ruegg C, Ramaa C S. Recent Anti‐angiogenic Drug Discovery Efforts To Combat Cancer. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202101792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Neha Upadhyay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Bharati Vidyapeeth's College of Pharmacy Sector 8, CBD Belapur Navi Mumbai 400614 India
| | - Kalpana Tilekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Bharati Vidyapeeth's College of Pharmacy Sector 8, CBD Belapur Navi Mumbai 400614 India
| | - Sabreena Safuan
- Pusat pengajian sains School of Health Sciences Universiti Sains Malaysia Malaysia 16150 Kubang Kerian Kelantan
| | - Alan P. Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology National University of Singapore Singapore
| | - Jimmy Stalin
- Department of Oncology Microbiology, and Immunology University of Fribourg Chemin du Musée 18, PER17, CH 1700 Fribourg Switzerland
| | - Curzio Ruegg
- Department of Oncology Microbiology, and Immunology University of Fribourg Chemin du Musée 18, PER17, CH 1700 Fribourg Switzerland
| | - Ramaa C S
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Bharati Vidyapeeth's College of Pharmacy Sector 8, CBD Belapur Navi Mumbai 400614 India
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Tilekar K, Hess JD, Upadhyay N, Bianco AL, Schweipert M, Laghezza A, Loiodice F, Meyer-Almes FJ, Aguilera RJ, Lavecchia A, C S R. Thiazolidinedione "Magic Bullets" Simultaneously Targeting PPARγ and HDACs: Design, Synthesis, and Investigations of their In Vitro and In Vivo Antitumor Effects. J Med Chem 2021; 64:6949-6971. [PMID: 34006099 PMCID: PMC10926851 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Monotargeting anticancer agents suffer from resistance and target nonspecificity concerns, which can be tackled with a multitargeting approach. The combined treatment with HDAC inhibitors and PPARγ agonists has displayed potential antitumor effects. Based on these observations, this work involves design and synthesis of molecules that can simultaneously target PPARγ and HDAC. Several out of 25 compounds inhibited HDAC4, and six compounds acted as dual-targeting agents. Compound 7i was the most potent, with activity toward PPARγ EC50 = 0.245 μM and HDAC4 IC50 = 1.1 μM. Additionally, compounds 7c and 7i were cytotoxic to CCRF-CEM cells (CC50 = 2.8 and 9.6 μM, respectively), induced apoptosis, and caused DNA fragmentation. Furthermore, compound 7c modulated the expression of c-Myc, cleaved caspase-3, and caused in vivo tumor regression in CCRF-CEM tumor xenografts. Thus, this study provides a basis for the rational design of dual/multitargeting agents that could be developed further as anticancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpana Tilekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth's College of Pharmacy, CBD Belapur, Navi Mumbai- 400614, India
| | - Jessica D Hess
- Cellular Characterization and Biorepository Core Facility, Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Neha Upadhyay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth's College of Pharmacy, CBD Belapur, Navi Mumbai- 400614, India
| | - Alessandra Lo Bianco
- Department of Pharmacy, "Drug Discovery" Laboratory, University of Napoli "Federico II", Via D. Montesano, 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Markus Schweipert
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Applied Science, Haardtring 100, 64295 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Antonio Laghezza
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via E. Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Fulvio Loiodice
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via E. Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Franz-Josef Meyer-Almes
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Applied Science, Haardtring 100, 64295 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Renato J Aguilera
- Cellular Characterization and Biorepository Core Facility, Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Antonio Lavecchia
- Department of Pharmacy, "Drug Discovery" Laboratory, University of Napoli "Federico II", Via D. Montesano, 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Ramaa C S
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth's College of Pharmacy, CBD Belapur, Navi Mumbai- 400614, India
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Upadhyay N, Tilekar K, Loiodice F, Anisimova NY, Spirina TS, Sokolova DV, Smirnova GB, Choe JY, Meyer-Almes FJ, Pokrovsky VS, Lavecchia A, Ramaa CS. Pharmacophore hybridization approach to discover novel pyrazoline-based hydantoin analogs with anti-tumor efficacy. Bioorg Chem 2021; 107:104527. [PMID: 33317839 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In search for new and safer anti-cancer agents, a structurally guided pharmacophore hybridization strategy of two privileged scaffolds, namely diaryl pyrazolines and imidazolidine-2,4-dione (hydantoin), was adopted resulting in a newfangled series of compounds (H1-H22). Herein, a bio-isosteric replacement of "pyrrolidine-2,5-dione" moiety of our recently reported antitumor hybrid incorporating diaryl pyrazoline and pyrrolidine-2,5-dione scaffolds with "imidazoline-2,4-dione" moiety has been incorporated. Complete biological studies revealed the most potent analog among all i.e. compound H13, which was at-least 10-fold more potent compared to the corresponding pyrrolidine-2,5-dione, in colon and breast cancer cells. In-vitro studies showed activation of caspases, arrest of G0/G1 phase of cell cycle, decrease in the expression of anti-apoptotic protein (Bcl-2) and increased DNA damage. In-vivo assay on HT-29 (human colorectal adenocarcinoma) animal xenograft model unveiled the significant anti-tumor efficacy along with oral bioavailability with maximum TGI 36% (i.p.) and 44% (per os) at 50 mg/kg dose. These findings confirm the suitability of hybridized pyrazoline and imidazolidine-2,4-dione analog H13 for its anti-cancer potential and starting-point for the development of more efficacious analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Upadhyay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth's College of Pharmacy, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Kalpana Tilekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth's College of Pharmacy, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Fulvio Loiodice
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Science, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via E. Orabona, 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Natalia Yu Anisimova
- Laboratory of Combined Therapy, N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana S Spirina
- Laboratory of Combined Therapy, N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - Darina V Sokolova
- Laboratory of Combined Therapy, N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - Galina B Smirnova
- Laboratory of Combined Therapy, N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - Jun-Yong Choe
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Franz-Josef Meyer-Almes
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Applied Science, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Vadim S Pokrovsky
- Laboratory of Combined Therapy, N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia; Department of Biochemistry, People's Friendship University, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Antonio Lavecchia
- Department of Pharmacy, "Drug Discovery" Laboratory, University of Napoli "Federico II", Via D. Montesano, 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
| | - C S Ramaa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth's College of Pharmacy, Navi Mumbai, India.
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Patil V, Upadhyay N, Tilekar K, Joshi H, Ramaa CS. Hypoglycemic and Hypolipidemic Swords: Synthesis and In-vivo Biological Assessment of 5-benzylidene-2,4-thiazolidinediones. Iran J Pharm Res 2021; 20:188-201. [PMID: 35194439 PMCID: PMC8842596 DOI: 10.22037/ijpr.2021.114969.15131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Thiazolidinedione (TZD), being a privileged scaffold, has been known as a significant structural moiety of antidiabetic drugs. TZD has been known to improve glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by increasing insulin sensitivity in the body. A novel series of 5-benzylidene 2,4-thiazolidinedione derivatives were designed, synthesized (V1-V28), and structurally confirmed by different spectroscopic techniques such as FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and Mass spectrometry. Upon the safety assessment of the synthesized molecules in non-transformed hepatocytes by MTT reduction assay, these were found non-toxic. These derivatives were then further evaluated for their antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic properties in a high-fat diet and low dose of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Altogether, seven biochemical parameters were analyzed, namely blood glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, HDL-cholesterol, and glycosylated hemoglobin in serum by standard methods. Four synthetic molecules (V2, V4, V5, and V20) possessed significant hypoglycaemic and hypolipidemic activity as compared to the positive control pioglitazone. Moreover, the histopathological studies of the heart and liver revealed no significant toxicity. Two representative compounds V2 and V4, were evaluated for their PPARγ activation potential, demonstrating that they were partial PPARγ agonists, thus confirming our designing hypothesis. Based on the results obtained, we assume that these compounds have the potential to be developed as future antidiabetic agents.
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Tilekar K, Upadhyay N, Iancu CV, Pokrovsky V, Choe JY, Ramaa CS. Power of two: combination of therapeutic approaches involving glucose transporter (GLUT) inhibitors to combat cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1874:188457. [PMID: 33096154 PMCID: PMC7704680 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cancer research of the Warburg effect, a hallmark metabolic alteration in tumors, focused attention on glucose metabolism whose targeting uncovered several agents with promising anticancer effects at the preclinical level. These agents' monotherapy points to their potential as adjuvant combination therapy to existing standard chemotherapy in human trials. Accordingly, several studies on combining glucose transporter (GLUT) inhibitors with chemotherapeutic agents, such as doxorubicin, paclitaxel, and cytarabine, showed synergistic or additive anticancer effects, reduced chemo-, radio-, and immuno-resistance, and reduced toxicity due to lowering the therapeutic doses required for desired chemotherapeutic effects, as compared with monotherapy. The combinations have been specifically effective in treating cancer glycolytic phenotypes, such as pancreatic and breast cancers. Even combining GLUT inhibitors with other glycolytic inhibitors and energy restriction mimetics seems worthwhile. Though combination clinical trials are in the early phase, initial results are intriguing. The various types of GLUTs, their role in cancer progression, GLUT inhibitors, and their anticancer mechanism of action have been reviewed several times. However, utilizing GLUT inhibitors as combination therapeutics has received little attention. We consider GLUT inhibitors agents that directly affect glucose transporters by binding to them or indirectly alter glucose transport by changing the transporters' expression level. This review mainly focuses on summarizing the effects of various combinations of GLUT inhibitors with other anticancer agents and providing a perspective on the current status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpana Tilekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth’s College of Pharmacy, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Neha Upadhyay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth’s College of Pharmacy, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Cristina V. Iancu
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Vadim Pokrovsky
- Laboratory of Combined Therapy, N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biochemistry, People’s Friendship University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Jun-yong Choe
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - C. S. Ramaa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth’s College of Pharmacy, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Tilekar K, Upadhyay N, Meyer-Almes FJ, Loiodice F, Anisimova NY, Spirina TS, Sokolova DV, Smirnova GB, Choe JY, Pokrovsky VS, Lavecchia A, S Ramaa C. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Pyrazoline and Pyrrolidine-2,5-dione Hybrids as Potential Antitumor Agents. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:1813-1825. [PMID: 32715626 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In search of novel and effective antitumor agents, pyrazoline-substituted pyrrolidine-2,5-dione hybrids were designed, synthesized and evaluated in silico, in vitro and in vivo for anticancer efficacy. All the compounds exhibited remarkable cytotoxic effects in MCF7 and HT29 cells. The excellent antiproliferative activity toward MCF7 (IC50 =0.78±0.01 μM), HT29 (IC50 =0.92±0.15 μM) and K562 (IC50 =47.25±1.24 μM) cell lines, prompted us to further investigate the antitumor effects of the best compound S2 (1-(2-(3-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-(p-tolyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-2-oxoethyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione). In cell-cycle analysis, S2 was found to disrupt the growth phases with increased cell population in G1 /G0 phase and decreased cell population in G2 /M phase. The excellent in vitro effects were also supported by inhibition of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. In vivo tumor regression studies of S2 in HT29 xenograft nude mice, exhibited equivalent and promising tumor regression with maximum TGI, 66 % (i. p. route) and 60 % (oral route) at 50 mg kg-1 dose by both the routes, indicating oral bioavailability and antitumor efficacy. These findings advocate that hybridization of pyrazoline and pyrrolidine-2,5-dioes holds promise for the development of more potent and less toxic anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpana Tilekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth's College of Pharmacy, Sector 8, CBD Belapur, 400614, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Neha Upadhyay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth's College of Pharmacy, Sector 8, CBD Belapur, 400614, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Franz-Josef Meyer-Almes
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Darmstadt, Haardtring 100, 64295, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Fulvio Loiodice
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Science, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via E. Orabona, 4, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Natalia Y Anisimova
- Laboratory of Combined Therapy, N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, 115478, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana S Spirina
- Laboratory of Combined Therapy, N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, 115478, Moscow, Russia
| | - Darina V Sokolova
- Laboratory of Combined Therapy, N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, 115478, Moscow, Russia
| | - Galina B Smirnova
- Laboratory of Combined Therapy, N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, 115478, Moscow, Russia
| | - Jun-Yong Choe
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, 27834, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Vadim S Pokrovsky
- Laboratory of Combined Therapy, N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, 115478, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Biochemistry, People's Friendship University, 117198, Moscow, Russia
| | - Antonio Lavecchia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - C S Ramaa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth's College of Pharmacy, Sector 8, CBD Belapur, 400614, Navi Mumbai, India
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Tilekar K, Upadhyay N, Hess JD, Macias LH, Mrowka P, Aguilera RJ, Meyer-Almes FJ, Iancu CV, Choe JY, Ramaa CS. Structure guided design and synthesis of furyl thiazolidinedione derivatives as inhibitors of GLUT 1 and GLUT 4, and evaluation of their anti-leukemic potential. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 202:112603. [PMID: 32634629 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells increase their glucose uptake and glycolytic activity to meet the high energy requirements of proliferation. Glucose transporters (GLUTs), which facilitate the transport of glucose and related hexoses across the cell membrane, play a vital role in tumor cell survival and are overexpressed in various cancers. GLUT1, the most overexpressed GLUT in many cancers, is emerging as a promising anti-cancer target. To develop GLUT1 inhibitors, we rationally designed, synthesized, structurally characterized, and biologically evaluated in-vitro and in-vivo a novel series of furyl-2-methylene thiazolidinediones (TZDs). Among 25 TZDs tested, F18 and F19 inhibited GLUT1 most potently (IC50 11.4 and 14.7 μM, respectively). F18 was equally selective for GLUT4 (IC50 6.8 μM), while F19 was specific for GLUT1 (IC50 152 μM in GLUT4). In-silico ligand docking studies showed that F18 interacted with conserved residues in GLUT1 and GLUT4, while F19 had slightly different interactions with the transporters. In in-vitro antiproliferative screening of leukemic/lymphoid cells, F18 was most lethal to CEM cells (CC50 of 1.7 μM). Flow cytometry analysis indicated that F18 arrested cell cycle growth in the subG0-G1 phase and lead to cell death due to necrosis and apoptosis. Western blot analysis exhibited alterations in cell signaling proteins, consistent with cell growth arrest and death. In-vivo xenograft study in a CEM model showed that F18 impaired tumor growth significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpana Tilekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth's College of Pharmacy, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Neha Upadhyay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth's College of Pharmacy, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Jessica D Hess
- The Cytometry, Screening and Imaging Core Facility & Border Biomedical Research Center & Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Lucasantiago Henze Macias
- The Cytometry, Screening and Imaging Core Facility & Border Biomedical Research Center & Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Piotr Mrowka
- Department of Biophysics and Human Physiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Chalubinskiego, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Renato J Aguilera
- The Cytometry, Screening and Imaging Core Facility & Border Biomedical Research Center & Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Franz-Josef Meyer-Almes
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Cristina V Iancu
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Jun-Yong Choe
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - C S Ramaa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth's College of Pharmacy, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
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12
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Upadhyay N, Tilekar K, Jänsch N, Schweipert M, Hess JD, Henze Macias L, Mrowka P, Aguilera RJ, Choe JY, Meyer-Almes FJ, Ramaa CS. Discovery of novel N-substituted thiazolidinediones (TZDs) as HDAC8 inhibitors: in-silico studies, synthesis, and biological evaluation. Bioorg Chem 2020; 100:103934. [PMID: 32446120 PMCID: PMC7302971 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetics plays a fundamental role in cancer progression, and developing agents that regulate epigenetics is crucial for cancer management. Among Class I and Class II HDACs, HDAC8 is one of the essential epigenetic players in cancer progression. Therefore, we designed, synthesized, purified, and structurally characterized novel compounds containing N-substituted TZD (P1-P25). Cell viability assay of all compounds on leukemic cell lines (CEM, K562, and KCL22) showed the cytotoxic potential of P8, P9, P10, P12, P19, and P25. In-vitro screening of different HDACs isoforms revealed that P19 was the most potent and selective inhibitor for HDAC8 (IC50 - 9.3 μM). Thermal shift analysis (TSA) confirmed the binding of P19 to HDAC8. In-vitro screening of all compounds on the transport activity of GLUT1, GLUT4, and GLUT5 indicated that P19 inhibited GLUT1 (IC50 - 28.2 μM). P10 and P19 induced apoptotic cell death in CEM cells (55.19% and 60.97% respectively) and P19 was less cytotoxic on normal WBCs (CC50 - 104.2 μM) and human fibroblasts (HS27) (CC50 - 105.0 μM). Thus, among this novel series of TZD derivatives, compound P19 was most promising HDAC8 inhibitor and cytotoxic on leukemic cells. Thus, P19 could serve as a lead for further development of optimized molecules with enhanced selectivity and potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Upadhyay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth's College of Pharmacy, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Kalpana Tilekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth's College of Pharmacy, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Niklas Jänsch
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Applied Science, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Markus Schweipert
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Applied Science, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jessica D Hess
- The Cellular Characterization and Biorepository Core Facility & Border Biomedical Research Centre & Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Luca Henze Macias
- The Cellular Characterization and Biorepository Core Facility & Border Biomedical Research Centre & Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Piotr Mrowka
- Department of Biophysics and Human Physiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Chalubinskiego, Warsaw, Poland; Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Indira Gandhi St., Warsaw, Poland
| | - Renato J Aguilera
- The Cellular Characterization and Biorepository Core Facility & Border Biomedical Research Centre & Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Jun-Yong Choe
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Franz-Josef Meyer-Almes
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Applied Science, Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - C S Ramaa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth's College of Pharmacy, Navi Mumbai, India.
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13
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Tilekar K, Upadhyay N, Jänsch N, Schweipert M, Mrowka P, Meyer-Almes F, Ramaa C. Discovery of 5-naphthylidene-2,4-thiazolidinedione derivatives as selective HDAC8 inhibitors and evaluation of their cytotoxic effects in leukemic cell lines. Bioorg Chem 2020; 95:103522. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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14
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Kabir A, Tilekar K, Upadhyay N, Ramaa C. Novel Anthraquinone Derivatives as Dual Inhibitors of Topoisomerase 2 and Casein Kinase 2: In Silico Studies, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation on Leukemic Cell Lines. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2019; 18:1551-1562. [DOI: 10.2174/1871520618666180423111309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Cancer being a complex disease, single targeting agents remain unsuccessful. This calls
for “multiple targeting”, wherein a single drug is so designed that it will modulate the activity of multiple protein
targets. Topoisomerase 2 (Top2) helps in removing DNA tangles and super-coiling during cellular replication,
Casein Kinase 2 (CK2) is involved in the phosphorylation of a multitude of protein targets. Thus, in the
present work, we have tried to develop dual inhibitors of Top2 and CK2.
Objective:
With this view, in the present work, 2 human proteins, Top2 and CK2 have been targeted to achieve
the anti-proliferative effects.
Methods:
Novel 1-acetylamidoanthraquinone (3a-3y) derivatives were designed, synthesized and their structures
were elucidated by analytical and spectral characterization techniques (FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and
Mass Spectroscopy). The synthesized compounds were then subjected to evaluation of cytotoxic potential by the
Sulforhodamine B (SRB) protein assay, using HL60 and K562 cell lines. Ten compounds were analyzed for
Top2, CK2 enzyme inhibitory potential. Further, top three compounds were subjected to cell cycle analysis.
Results:
The compounds 3a to 3c, 3e, 3f, 3i to 3p, 3t and 3x showed excellent cytotoxic activity to HL-60 cell
line indicating their high anti-proliferative potential in AML. The compounds 3a to 3c, 3e, 3f, 3i to 3p and 3y
have shown good to moderate activity on K-562 cell line. Compounds 3e, 3f, 3i, 3x and 3y were found more
cytotoxic than standard doxorubicin. In cell cycle analysis, the cells (79-85%) were found to arrest in the G0/G1
phase.
Conclusion:
We have successfully designed, synthesized, purified and structurally characterized 1-
acetylamidoanthraquinone derivatives. Even though our compounds need design optimization to further increase
enzyme inhibition, their overall anti-proliferative effects were found to be encouraging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Kabir
- Bharati Vidyapeeth's College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Sector 8, C. B. D. Belapur, Navi Mumbai 400614, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kalpana Tilekar
- Bharati Vidyapeeth's College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Sector 8, C. B. D. Belapur, Navi Mumbai 400614, Maharashtra, India
| | - Neha Upadhyay
- Bharati Vidyapeeth's College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Sector 8, C. B. D. Belapur, Navi Mumbai 400614, Maharashtra, India
| | - C.S. Ramaa
- Bharati Vidyapeeth's College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Sector 8, C. B. D. Belapur, Navi Mumbai 400614, Maharashtra, India
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Patil V, Tilekar K, Mehendale-Munj S, Mohan R, Ramaa C. Synthesis and primary cytotoxicity evaluation of new 5-benzylidene-2,4-thiazolidinedione derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2010; 45:4539-44. [PMID: 20667627 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2010.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2010] [Revised: 06/05/2010] [Accepted: 07/05/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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