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Pippione AC, Kovachka S, Vigato C, Bertarini L, Mannella I, Sainas S, Rolando B, Denasio E, Piercy-Mycock H, Romalho L, Salladini E, Adinolfi S, Zonari D, Peraldo-Neia C, Chiorino G, Passoni A, Mirza OA, Frydenvang K, Pors K, Lolli ML, Spyrakis F, Oliaro-Bosso S, Boschi D. Structure-guided optimization of 3-hydroxybenzoisoxazole derivatives as inhibitors of Aldo-keto reductase 1C3 (AKR1C3) to target prostate cancer. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 268:116193. [PMID: 38364714 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
AKR1C3 is an enzyme that is overexpressed in several types of radiotherapy- and chemotherapy-resistant cancers. Despite AKR1C3 is a validated target for drug development, no inhibitor has been approved for clinical use. In this manuscript, we describe our study of a new series of potent AKR1C3-targeting 3-hydroxybenzoisoxazole based inhibitors that display high selectivity over the AKR1C2 isoform and low micromolar activity in inhibiting 22Rv1 prostate cancer cell proliferation. In silico studies suggested proper substituents to increase compound potency and provided with a mechanistic explanation that could clarify their different activity, later confirmed by X-ray crystallography. Both the in-silico studies and the crystallographic data highlight the importance of 90° rotation around the single bond of the biphenyl group, in ensuring that the inhibitor can adopt the optimal binding mode within the active pocket. The p-biphenyls that bear the meta-methoxy, and the ortho- and meta-trifluoromethyl substituents (in compounds 6a, 6e and 6f respectively) proved to be the best contributors to cellular potency as they provided the best IC50 values in series (2.3, 2.0 and 2.4 μM respectively) and showed no toxicity towards human MRC-5 cells. Co-treatment with scalar dilutions of either compound 6 or 6e and the clinically used drug abiraterone led to a significant reduction in cell proliferation, and thus confirmed that treatment with both CYP171A1-and AKR1C3-targeting compounds possess the potential to intervene in key steps in the steroidogenic pathway. Taken together, the novel compounds display desirable biochemical potency and cellular target inhibition as well as good in-vitro ADME properties, which highlight their potential for further preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnese Chiara Pippione
- Department of Science and Drug Technology, University of Turin, via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Sandra Kovachka
- Department of Science and Drug Technology, University of Turin, via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125, Turin, Italy; The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Chiara Vigato
- Department of Science and Drug Technology, University of Turin, via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Laura Bertarini
- Department of Science and Drug Technology, University of Turin, via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125, Turin, Italy; Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Campi 103, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Iole Mannella
- Department of Science and Drug Technology, University of Turin, via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Stefano Sainas
- Department of Science and Drug Technology, University of Turin, via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Barbara Rolando
- Department of Science and Drug Technology, University of Turin, via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Enrica Denasio
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, West Yorkshire, BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Helen Piercy-Mycock
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, West Yorkshire, BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Linda Romalho
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Edoardo Salladini
- Department of Science and Drug Technology, University of Turin, via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Salvatore Adinolfi
- Department of Science and Drug Technology, University of Turin, via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Daniele Zonari
- Department of Science and Drug Technology, University of Turin, via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Caterina Peraldo-Neia
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, via Malta 3, 13900, Biella, Italy
| | - Giovanna Chiorino
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, via Malta 3, 13900, Biella, Italy
| | - Alice Passoni
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156, Milan, Italy
| | - Osman Asghar Mirza
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karla Frydenvang
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Klaus Pors
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, West Yorkshire, BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Marco Lucio Lolli
- Department of Science and Drug Technology, University of Turin, via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesca Spyrakis
- Department of Science and Drug Technology, University of Turin, via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Simonetta Oliaro-Bosso
- Department of Science and Drug Technology, University of Turin, via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125, Turin, Italy.
| | - Donatella Boschi
- Department of Science and Drug Technology, University of Turin, via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125, Turin, Italy.
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Mazzetti S, Defeudis A, Nicoletti G, Chiorino G, De Luca S, Faletti R, Gatti M, Gontero P, Manfredi M, Mello-Grand M, Peraldo-Neia C, Zitella A, Porpiglia F, Regge D, Giannini V. Development and validation of a clinical decision support system based on PSA, microRNAs, and MRI for the detection of prostate cancer. Eur Radiol 2024:10.1007/s00330-023-10542-1. [PMID: 38177618 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-023-10542-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aims of this study are to develop and validate a clinical decision support system based on demographics, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), microRNA (miRNA), and MRI for the detection of prostate cancer (PCa) and clinical significant (cs) PCa, and to assess if this system performs better compared to MRI alone. METHODS This retrospective, multicenter, observational study included 222 patients (mean age 66, range 46-75 years) who underwent prostate MRI, miRNA (let-7a-5p and miR-103a-3p) assessment, and biopsy. Monoparametric and multiparametric models including age, PSA, miRNA, and MRI outcome were trained on 65% of the data and then validated on the remaining 35% to predict both PCa (any Gleason grade [GG]) and csPCa (GG ≥ 2 vs GG = 1/negative). Accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value (NPV), and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve were calculated. RESULTS MRI outcome was the best predictor in the monoparametric model for both detection of PCa, with sensitivity of 90% (95%CI 73-98%) and NPV of 93% (95%CI 82-98%), and for csPCa identification, with sensitivity of 91% (95%CI 72-99%) and NPV of 95% (95%CI 84-99%). Sensitivity and NPV of PSA + miRNA for the detection of csPCa were not statistically different from the other models including MRI alone. CONCLUSION MRI stand-alone yielded the best prediction models for both PCa and csPCa detection in biopsy-naïve patients. The use of miRNAs let-7a-5p and miR-103a-3p did not improve classification performances compared to MRI stand-alone results. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT The use of miRNA (let-7a-5p and miR-103a-3p), PSA, and MRI in a clinical decision support system (CDSS) does not improve MRI stand-alone performance in the detection of PCa and csPCa. KEY POINTS • Clinical decision support systems including MRI improve the detection of both prostate cancer and clinically significant prostate cancer with respect to PSA test and/or microRNA. • The use of miRNAs let-7a-5p and miR-103a-3p did not significantly improve MRI stand-alone performance. • Results of this study were in line with previous works on MRI and microRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Mazzetti
- Radiology Unit, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Arianna Defeudis
- Radiology Unit, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy.
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
| | - Giulia Nicoletti
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Polytechnic of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Stefano De Luca
- Department of Urology, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Riccardo Faletti
- Radiology Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Marco Gatti
- Radiology Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Paolo Gontero
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Matteo Manfredi
- Department of Urology, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
| | | | | | - Andrea Zitella
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Porpiglia
- Department of Urology, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Daniele Regge
- Radiology Unit, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Valentina Giannini
- Radiology Unit, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Luganini A, Sibille G, Pavan M, Mello Grand M, Sainas S, Boschi D, Lolli ML, Chiorino G, Gribaudo G. Mechanisms of antiviral activity of the new hDHODH inhibitor MEDS433 against respiratory syncytial virus replication. Antiviral Res 2023; 219:105734. [PMID: 37852322 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2023.105734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an important cause of acute lower respiratory infections, for which no effective drugs are currently available. The development of new effective anti-RSV agents is therefore an urgent priority, and Host-Targeting Antivirals (HTAs) can be considered to target RSV infections. As a contribution to this antiviral avenue, we have characterized the molecular mechanisms of the anti-RSV activity of MEDS433, a new inhibitor of human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (hDHODH), a key cellular enzyme of de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis. MEDS433 was found to exert a potent antiviral activity against RSV-A and RSV-B in the one-digit nanomolar range. Analysis of the RSV replication cycle in MEDS433-treated cells, revealed that the hDHODH inhibitor suppressed the synthesis of viral genome, consistently with its ability to specifically target hDHODH enzymatic activity. Then, the capability of MEDS433 to induce the expression of antiviral proteins encoded by Interferon-Stimulated Genes (ISGs) was identified as a second mechanism of its antiviral activity against RSV. Indeed, MEDS433 stimulated secretion of IFN-β and IFN-λ1 that, in turn, induced the expression of some ISG antiviral proteins, such as IFI6, IFITM1 and IRF7. Singly expression of these ISG proteins reduced RSV-A replication, thus likely contributing to the overall anti-RSV activity of MEDS433. Lastly, MEDS433 proved to be effective against RSV-A replication even in a primary human small airway epithelial cell model. Taken as a whole, these observations provide new insights for further development of MEDS433, as a promising candidate to develop new strategies for treatment of RSV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Luganini
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, 10123, Torino, Italy
| | - Giulia Sibille
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, 10123, Torino, Italy
| | - Marta Pavan
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, 10123, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Sainas
- Department of Drug Sciences and Technology, University of Torino, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Donatella Boschi
- Department of Drug Sciences and Technology, University of Torino, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Marco L Lolli
- Department of Drug Sciences and Technology, University of Torino, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Giorgio Gribaudo
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, 10123, Torino, Italy.
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Samarkina A, Youssef MK, Ostano P, Ghosh S, Ma M, Tassone B, Proust T, Chiorino G, Levesque MP, Goruppi S, Dotto GP. Androgen receptor is a determinant of melanoma targeted drug resistance. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6498. [PMID: 37838724 PMCID: PMC10576812 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42239-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma provides a primary benchmark for targeted drug therapy. Most melanomas with BRAFV600 mutations regress in response to BRAF/MEK inhibitors (BRAFi/MEKi). However, nearly all relapse within the first two years, and there is a connection between BRAFi/MEKi-resistance and poor response to immune checkpoint therapy. We reported that androgen receptor (AR) activity is required for melanoma cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. We show here that AR expression is markedly increased in BRAFi-resistant melanoma cells, and in sensitive cells soon after BRAFi exposure. Increased AR expression is sufficient to render melanoma cells BRAFi-resistant, eliciting transcriptional changes of BRAFi-resistant subpopulations, including elevated EGFR and SERPINE1 expression, of likely clinical significance. Inhibition of AR expression or activity blunts changes in gene expression and suppresses proliferation and tumorigenesis of BRAFi-resistant melanoma cells, promoting clusters of CD8+ T cells infiltration and cancer cells killing. Our findings point to targeting AR as possible co-therapeutical approach in melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paola Ostano
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Edo and Elvo Tempia Valenta Foundation, Biella, Italy
| | - Soumitra Ghosh
- ORL service and Personalized Cancer Prevention Program, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Min Ma
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Épalinges, Switzerland
| | - Beatrice Tassone
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Épalinges, Switzerland
| | - Tatiana Proust
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Épalinges, Switzerland
| | - Giovanna Chiorino
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Edo and Elvo Tempia Valenta Foundation, Biella, Italy
| | - Mitchell P Levesque
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zürich, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sandro Goruppi
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Gian Paolo Dotto
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Épalinges, Switzerland.
- ORL service and Personalized Cancer Prevention Program, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA.
- International Cancer Prevention Institute, Épalinges, Switzerland.
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5
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Chiorino G, Petracci E, Sehovic E, Gregnanin I, Camussi E, Mello-Grand M, Ostano P, Riggi E, Vergini V, Russo A, Berrino E, Ortale A, Garena F, Venesio T, Gallo F, Favettini E, Frigerio A, Matullo G, Segnan N, Giordano L. Plasma microRNA ratios associated with breast cancer detection in a nested case-control study from a mammography screening cohort. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12040. [PMID: 37491482 PMCID: PMC10368693 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38886-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammographic breast cancer screening is effective in reducing breast cancer mortality. Nevertheless, several limitations are known. Therefore, developing an alternative or complementary non-invasive tool capable of increasing the accuracy of the screening process is highly desirable. The objective of this study was to identify circulating microRNA (miRs) ratios associated with BC in women attending mammography screening. A nested case-control study was conducted within the ANDROMEDA cohort (women of age 46-67 attending BC screening). Pre-diagnostic plasma samples, information on life-styles and common BC risk factors were collected. Small-RNA sequencing was carried out on plasma samples from 65 cases and 66 controls. miR ratios associated with BC were selected by two-sample Wilcoxon test and lasso logistic regression. Subsequent assessment by RT-qPCR of the miRs contained in the selected miR ratios was carried out as a platform validation. To identify the most promising biomarkers, penalised logistic regression was further applied to candidate miR ratios alone, or in combination with non-molecular factors. Small-RNA sequencing yielded 20 candidate miR ratios associated with BC, which were further assessed by RT-qPCR. In the resulting model, penalised logistic regression selected seven miR ratios (miR-199a-3p_let-7a-5p, miR-26b-5p_miR-142-5p, let-7b-5p_miR-19b-3p, miR-101-3p_miR-19b-3p, miR-93-5p_miR-19b-3p, let-7a-5p_miR-22-3p and miR-21-5p_miR-23a-3p), together with body mass index (BMI), menopausal status (MS), the interaction term BMI * MS, life-style score and breast density. The ROC AUC of the model was 0.79 with a sensitivity and specificity of 71.9% and 76.6%, respectively. We identified biomarkers potentially useful for BC screening measured through a widespread and low-cost technique. This is the first study reporting circulating miRs for BC detection in a screening setting. Validation in a wider sample is warranted.Trial registration: The Andromeda prospective cohort study protocol was retrospectively registered on 27-11-2015 (NCT02618538).
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Chiorino
- Cancer Genomics Lab, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, Via Malta 3, 13900, Biella, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Petracci
- Unit of Biostatistics and Clinical Trials, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Emir Sehovic
- Cancer Genomics Lab, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, Via Malta 3, 13900, Biella, Italy.
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Gregnanin
- Cancer Genomics Lab, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, Via Malta 3, 13900, Biella, Italy
| | - Elisa Camussi
- SSD Epidemiologia Screening, CPO-AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Via Camillo Benso Di Cavour 31, 10123, Turin, Italy
| | - Maurizia Mello-Grand
- Cancer Genomics Lab, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, Via Malta 3, 13900, Biella, Italy
| | - Paola Ostano
- Cancer Genomics Lab, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, Via Malta 3, 13900, Biella, Italy
| | - Emilia Riggi
- SSD Epidemiologia Screening, CPO-AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Via Camillo Benso Di Cavour 31, 10123, Turin, Italy
| | - Viviana Vergini
- SSD Epidemiologia Screening, CPO-AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Via Camillo Benso Di Cavour 31, 10123, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessia Russo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Enrico Berrino
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Pathology Unit, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Andrea Ortale
- SSD Epidemiologia Screening, CPO-AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Via Camillo Benso Di Cavour 31, 10123, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesca Garena
- SSD Epidemiologia Screening, CPO-AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Via Camillo Benso Di Cavour 31, 10123, Turin, Italy
| | - Tiziana Venesio
- Pathology Unit, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Federica Gallo
- Epidemiology Unit, Staff Health Direction, Local Health Authority 1 of Cuneo, Cuneo, Italy
| | | | - Alfonso Frigerio
- SSD Epidemiologia Screening, CPO-AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Via Camillo Benso Di Cavour 31, 10123, Turin, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Matullo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Nereo Segnan
- SSD Epidemiologia Screening, CPO-AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Via Camillo Benso Di Cavour 31, 10123, Turin, Italy.
| | - Livia Giordano
- SSD Epidemiologia Screening, CPO-AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Via Camillo Benso Di Cavour 31, 10123, Turin, Italy
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Palamà MEF, Coco S, Shaw GM, Reverberi D, Ghelardoni M, Ostano P, Chiorino G, Sercia L, Persano L, Gagliani MC, Cortese K, Pisignano D, Murphy JM, Gentili C. Xeno-free cultured mesenchymal stromal cells release extracellular vesicles with a "therapeutic" miRNA cargo ameliorating cartilage inflammation in vitro. Theranostics 2023; 13:1470-1489. [PMID: 37056573 PMCID: PMC10086204 DOI: 10.7150/thno.77597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) emerged as an innovative strategy for the treatment of chronic disorders such as osteoarthritis (OA). Biological activity of EVs is generally driven by their cargo, which might be influenced by microenvironment. Therefore, pre-conditioning strategies, including modifications in culture conditions or oxygen tension could directly impact on MSCs paracrine activity. In this study we selected an appropriate preconditioning system to induce cells to perform the most suitable therapeutic response by EV-encapsulated bioactive factors. Methods: A xeno-free supplement (XFS) was used for isolation and expansion of MSCs and compared to conventional fetal bovine serum (FBS) culture. Bone Marrow-derived MSCs (BMSCs) were pre-conditioned under normoxia (20% O2) or under hypoxia (1% O2) and EVs production was evaluated. Anti-OA activity was evaluated by using an in vitro inflammatory model. miRNA content was also explored, to select putative miRNA that could be involved in a biological function. Results: Modulation of IL-6, IL-8, COX-2 and PGE2 was evaluated on hACs simultaneously treated with IL-1α and BMSC-derived EVs. FBS-sEVs exerted a blunt inhibitory effect, while a strong anti-inflammatory outcome was achieved by XFS-sEVs. Interestingly, in both cases hypoxia pre-conditioning allowed to increase EVs effectiveness. Analysis of miRNA content showed the upregulation in XFS-hBMSC-derived EVs of miRNA known to have a chondroprotective role, such as let-7b-5p, miR-17, miR-145, miR-21-5p, miR-214-3p, miR-30b-5p, miR-30c-5p. Activated pathways and target genes were investigated in silico and upregulated miRNAs functionally validated in target cells. MiR-145 and miR-214 were found to protect chondrocytes from IL-1α-induced inflammation and to reduce production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Conclusions: XFS medium was found to be suitable for isolation and expansion of MSCs, secreting EVs with a therapeutic cargo. The application of cells cultured exclusively in XFS overcomes issues of safety associated with serum-containing media and makes ready-to-use clinical therapies more accessible.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simona Coco
- Lung Cancer Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Georgina M. Shaw
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Daniele Reverberi
- U.O. Molecular Pathology, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Paola Ostano
- Cancer Genomics Lab, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, Biella, Italy
| | | | - Laura Sercia
- Institute of Nanoscience (CNR-NANO), Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Katia Cortese
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Dario Pisignano
- Institute of Nanoscience (CNR-NANO), Pisa, Italy
- Department of Physics, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Josephine Mary Murphy
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Chiara Gentili
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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7
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Berrone E, Chiorino G, Guana F, Benedetti V, Palmitessa C, Gallo M, Calvo A, Casale F, Manera U, Favole A, Crociara P, Testori C, Carta V, Tessarolo C, D’Angelo A, De Marco G, Caramelli M, Chiò A, Casalone C, Corona C. SOMAscan Proteomics Identifies Novel Plasma Proteins in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24031899. [PMID: 36768220 PMCID: PMC9916400 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a complex disease characterized by the interplay of genetic and environmental factors for which, despite decades of intense research, diagnosis remains rather delayed, and most therapeutic options fail. Therefore, unravelling other potential pathogenetic mechanisms and searching for reliable markers are high priorities. In the present study, we employ the SOMAscan assay, an aptamer-based proteomic technology, to determine the circulating proteomic profile of ALS patients. The expression levels of ~1300 proteins were assessed in plasma, and 42 proteins with statistically significant differential expression between ALS patients and healthy controls were identified. Among these, four were upregulated proteins, Thymus- and activation-regulated chemokine, metalloproteinase inhibitor 3 and nidogen 1 and 2 were selected and validated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays in an overlapping cohort of patients. Following statistical analyses, different expression patterns of these proteins were observed in the familial and sporadic ALS patients. The proteins identified in this study might provide insight into ALS pathogenesis and represent potential candidates to develop novel targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Berrone
- S.C. Neuroscienze, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Giovanna Chiorino
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, 13900 Biella, Italy
| | - Francesca Guana
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, 13900 Biella, Italy
| | - Valerio Benedetti
- S.C. Neuroscienze, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Claudia Palmitessa
- S.C. Neuroscienze, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Marina Gallo
- S.C. Neuroscienze, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Andrea Calvo
- Rita Levi Montalcini Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Neurology, Hospital Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Federico Casale
- Rita Levi Montalcini Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Umberto Manera
- Rita Levi Montalcini Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Neurology, Hospital Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandra Favole
- S.C. Neuroscienze, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.F.); (A.C.)
| | - Paola Crociara
- S.C. Neuroscienze, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy
- ASL TO4, 10034 Chivasso, Italy
| | - Camilla Testori
- S.C. Neuroscienze, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Valerio Carta
- S.C. Neuroscienze, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Carlotta Tessarolo
- S.C. Neuroscienze, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Antonio D’Angelo
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Giovanni De Marco
- Rita Levi Montalcini Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Neurology, Hospital Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Maria Caramelli
- S.C. Neuroscienze, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Adriano Chiò
- Rita Levi Montalcini Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Neurology, Hospital Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.F.); (A.C.)
| | - Cristina Casalone
- S.C. Neuroscienze, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Cristiano Corona
- S.C. Neuroscienze, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy
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8
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Lombardi P, Aimar G, Peraldo-Neia C, Bonzano A, Depetris I, Fenocchio E, Filippi R, Quarà V, Milanesio M, Cavalloni G, Gammaitoni L, Basiricò M, Cagnazzo C, Ostano P, Chiorino G, Aglietta M, Leone F. Fluoropyrimidine‑induced cardiotoxicity in colorectal cancer patients: a prospective observational trial (CHECKPOINT). Oncol Rep 2022; 49:31. [PMID: 36562382 PMCID: PMC9827273 DOI: 10.3892/or.2022.8468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluoropyrimidines (FP) are the backbone chemotherapy in colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment; however, their use is associated with cardiotoxicity, which is underreported. In the present study, it was aimed to prospectively determine the incidence rates and related risk factors of FP‑induced cardiotoxicity (FIC) in CRC patients and at identifying predictive biomarkers. A total of 129 consecutive previously untreated CRC patients underwent active cardiological monitoring, including 5‑items simplified questionnaire on symptoms, electrocardiogram (ECG) and plasma sample collection during FP chemotherapy. FIC was defined as the presence of ECG alterations and/or the arising of at least one symptom of chest pain, dyspnoea, palpitations or syncope. The primary objective was the evaluation of FIC incidence. Secondary objectives were the correlation of FIC with well‑known cardiological risk factors and the identification of circulating biomarkers (serum levels of troponin I, pro hormone BNP; miRNA analysis) as predictors of FIC. A total of 20 out of 129 (15.5%) patients experienced FIC. The most common symptoms were dyspnoea (60%) and chest pain (40%), while only 15% of patients presented ECG alterations, including one acute myocardial infarction. Retreatment with FP was attempted in 90% of patients with a favourable outcome. Despite 48% of patients having cardiological comorbidities, an increased FIC was not observed in this subgroup. Only the subgroup of females with the habit of alcohol consumption showed an increased risk of FIC. None of the circulating biomarkers evaluated demonstrated a clinical utility as FIC predictors. FIC can be an unexpected, life‑threatening adverse event that can limit the subsequent treatment choices in patients with CRC. In this prospective study, well‑known cardiological comorbidities were not related to higher FIC risk and circulating biomarkers predictive of toxicity could not be found. With careful monitoring, mainly based on symptoms, almost all patients completed the FP treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Lombardi
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, I-10124 Torino, Italy,Phase 1 Unit, Agostino Gemelli Foundation University Hospital IRCCS, I-00168 Roma, Italy
| | - Giacomo Aimar
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, I-10124 Torino, Italy,Department of Oncology, S. Croce and Carle Hospital, I-12100 Cuneo, Italy
| | | | | | - Ilaria Depetris
- Division of Medical Oncology 1, AOU City of Health and Science of Turin, I-12126 Turin, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Fenocchio
- Department of Medical Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, I-10060 Candiolo, Italy
| | - Roberto Filippi
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, I-10124 Torino, Italy,Division of Medical Oncology 1, AOU City of Health and Science of Turin, I-12126 Turin, Italy
| | - Virginia Quarà
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, I-10124 Torino, Italy,Department of Medical Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, I-10060 Candiolo, Italy
| | | | - Giuliana Cavalloni
- Department of Medical Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, I-10060 Candiolo, Italy
| | | | - Marco Basiricò
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, AOU City of Health and Science of Turin, Regina Margherita Hospital, I-10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Celeste Cagnazzo
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, AOU City of Health and Science of Turin, Regina Margherita Hospital, I-10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Paola Ostano
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, I-13900 Biella, Italy
| | - Giovanna Chiorino
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, I-13900 Biella, Italy
| | - Massimo Aglietta
- Department of Medical Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, I-10060 Candiolo, Italy
| | - Francesco Leone
- Department of Medical Oncology, Infermi Hospital of Biella, Ponderano, I-13875 Biella, Italy,Correspondence to: Dr Francesco Leone, Department of Medical Oncology, Infermi Hospital of Biella, 2 Via dei Ponderanesi, Ponderano, I-13875 Biella, Italy, E-mail:
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9
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Akhouayri L, Ostano P, Mello-Grand M, Gregnanin I, Crivelli F, Laurora S, Liscia D, Leone F, Santoro A, Mulè A, Guarino D, Maggiore C, Carlino A, Magno S, Scatolini M, Di Leone A, Masetti R, Chiorino G. Identification of a minimum number of genes to predict triple-negative breast cancer subgroups from gene expression profiles. Hum Genomics 2022; 16:70. [PMID: 36536459 PMCID: PMC9764480 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-022-00436-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a very heterogeneous disease. Several gene expression and mutation profiling approaches were used to classify it, and all converged to the identification of distinct molecular subtypes, with some overlapping across different approaches. However, a standardised tool to routinely classify TNBC in the clinics and guide personalised treatment is lacking. We aimed at defining a specific gene signature for each of the six TNBC subtypes proposed by Lehman et al. in 2011 (basal-like 1 (BL1); basal-like 2 (BL2); mesenchymal (M); immunomodulatory (IM); mesenchymal stem-like (MSL); and luminal androgen receptor (LAR)), to be able to accurately predict them. METHODS Lehman's TNBCtype subtyping tool was applied to RNA-sequencing data from 482 TNBC (GSE164458), and a minimal subtype-specific gene signature was defined by combining two class comparison techniques with seven attribute selection methods. Several machine learning algorithms for subtype prediction were used, and the best classifier was applied on microarray data from 72 Italian TNBC and on the TNBC subset of the BRCA-TCGA data set. RESULTS We identified two signatures with the 120 and 81 top up- and downregulated genes that define the six TNBC subtypes, with prediction accuracy ranging from 88.6 to 89.4%, and even improving after removal of the least important genes. Network analysis was used to identify highly interconnected genes within each subgroup. Two druggable matrix metalloproteinases were found in the BL1 and BL2 subsets, and several druggable targets were complementary to androgen receptor or aromatase in the LAR subset. Several secondary drug-target interactions were found among the upregulated genes in the M, IM and MSL subsets. CONCLUSIONS Our study took full advantage of available TNBC data sets to stratify samples and genes into distinct subtypes, according to gene expression profiles. The development of a data mining approach to acquire a large amount of information from several data sets has allowed us to identify a well-determined minimal number of genes that may help in the recognition of TNBC subtypes. These genes, most of which have been previously found to be associated with breast cancer, have the potential to become novel diagnostic markers and/or therapeutic targets for specific TNBC subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila Akhouayri
- grid.412148.a0000 0001 2180 2473Department of Biomedical Sciences, Genetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II-Casablanca University, Casablanca, Morocco ,grid.7605.40000 0001 2336 6580Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Paola Ostano
- grid.452265.2Cancer Genomics Lab, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, Biella, Italy
| | | | - Ilaria Gregnanin
- grid.452265.2Cancer Genomics Lab, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, Biella, Italy
| | - Francesca Crivelli
- grid.452265.2Cancer Genomics Lab, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, Biella, Italy ,Clinical Research Division, “Degli Infermi” Hospital, Ponderano, BI Italy
| | - Sara Laurora
- grid.452265.2Molecular Oncology Lab, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, Biella, Italy
| | - Daniele Liscia
- Pathology Department, “Degli Infermi” Hospital, Ponderano, BI Italy
| | - Francesco Leone
- Oncology Department, “Degli Infermi” Hospital, Ponderano, BI Italy
| | - Angela Santoro
- grid.414603.4Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonino Mulè
- grid.414603.4Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Donatella Guarino
- grid.414603.4Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Maggiore
- grid.414603.4Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Carlino
- grid.414603.4Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Magno
- grid.414603.4Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Scatolini
- grid.452265.2Molecular Oncology Lab, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, Biella, Italy
| | - Alba Di Leone
- grid.414603.4Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Masetti
- grid.414603.4Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Chiorino
- grid.452265.2Cancer Genomics Lab, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, Biella, Italy
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10
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Chikh A, Sanzà P, Raimondi C, Akinduro O, Warnes G, Chiorino G, Byrne C, Harwood CA, Bergamaschi D. Retraction: iASPP is a novel autophagy inhibitor in keratinocytes. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:276064. [PMID: 35876107 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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11
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Sehovic E, Urru S, Chiorino G, Doebler P. Meta-analysis of diagnostic cell-free circulating microRNAs for breast cancer detection. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:634. [PMID: 35681127 PMCID: PMC9178880 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09698-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among women. Numerous studies explored cell-free circulating microRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers of BC. As inconsistent and rarely intersecting microRNA panels have been reported thus far, we aim to evaluate the overall diagnostic performance as well as the sources of heterogeneity between studies. Methods Based on the search of three online search engines performed up to March 21st 2022, 56 eligible publications that investigated diagnostic circulating microRNAs by utilizing Real-Time Quantitative Reverse Transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) were obtained. Primary studies’ potential for bias was evaluated with the revised tool for the quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies (QUADAS-2). A bivariate generalized linear mixed-effects model was applied to obtain pooled sensitivity and specificity. A novel methodology was utilized in which the sample and study models’ characteristics were analysed to determine the potential preference of studies for sensitivity or specificity. Results Pooled sensitivity and specificity of 0.85 [0.81—0.88] and 0.83 [0.79—0.87] were obtained, respectively. Subgroup analysis showed a significantly better performance of multiple (sensitivity: 0.90 [0.86—0.93]; specificity: 0.86 [0.80—0.90]) vs single (sensitivity: 0.82 [0.77—0.86], specificity: 0.83 [0.78—0.87]) microRNA panels and a comparable pooled diagnostic performance between studies using serum (sensitivity: 0.87 [0.81—0.91]; specificity: 0.83 [0.78—0.87]) and plasma (sensitivity: 0.83 [0.77—0.87]; specificity: 0.85 [0.78—0.91]) as specimen type. In addition, based on bivariate and univariate analyses, miRNA(s) based on endogenous normalizers tend to have a higher diagnostic performance than miRNA(s) based on exogenous ones. Moreover, a slight tendency of studies to prefer specificity over sensitivity was observed. Conclusions In this study the diagnostic ability of circulating microRNAs to diagnose BC was reaffirmed. Nonetheless, some subgroup analyses showed between-study heterogeneity. Finally, lack of standardization and of result reproducibility remain the biggest issues regarding the diagnostic application of circulating cell-free microRNAs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-022-09698-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emir Sehovic
- Cancer Genomics Lab, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, 13900, Biella, Italy. .,Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, 10100, Turin, Italy.
| | - Sara Urru
- Cancer Genomics Lab, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, 13900, Biella, Italy.,Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences, and Public Health, University of Padova, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Giovanna Chiorino
- Cancer Genomics Lab, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, 13900, Biella, Italy
| | - Philipp Doebler
- Department of Statistics, TU Dortmund University, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
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12
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Ghilardi C, Moreira-Barbosa C, Brunelli L, Ostano P, Panini N, Lupi M, Anastasia A, Fiordaliso F, Salio M, Formenti L, Russo M, Arrigoni E, Chiaradonna F, Chiorino G, Draetta G, Marszalek JR, Vellano CP, Pastorelli R, Bani M, Decio A, Giavazzi R. PGC1α/β Expression Predicts Therapeutic Response to Oxidative Phosphorylation Inhibition in Ovarian Cancer. Cancer Res 2022; 82:1423-1434. [PMID: 35131872 PMCID: PMC9359716 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-1223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the deadliest gynecologic cancer, and novel therapeutic options are crucial to improve overall survival. Here we provide evidence that impairment of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) can help control ovarian cancer progression, and this benefit correlates with expression of the two mitochondrial master regulators PGC1α and PGC1β. In orthotopic patient-derived ovarian cancer xenografts (OC-PDX), concomitant high expression of PGC1α and PGC1β (PGC1α/β) fostered a unique transcriptional signature, leading to increased mitochondrial abundance, enhanced tricarboxylic acid cycling, and elevated cellular respiration that ultimately conferred vulnerability to OXPHOS inhibition. Treatment with the respiratory chain complex I inhibitor IACS-010759 caused mitochondrial swelling and ATP depletion that consequently delayed malignant progression and prolonged the lifespan of high PGC1α/β-expressing OC-PDX-bearing mice. Conversely, low PGC1α/β OC-PDXs were not affected by IACS-010759, thus pinpointing a selective antitumor effect of OXPHOS inhibition. The clinical relevance of these findings was substantiated by analysis of ovarian cancer patient datasets, which showed that 25% of all cases displayed high PGC1α/β expression along with an activated mitochondrial gene program. This study endorses the use of OXPHOS inhibitors to manage ovarian cancer and identifies the high expression of both PGC1α and β as biomarkers to refine the selection of patients likely to benefit most from this therapy. SIGNIFICANCE OXPHOS inhibition in ovarian cancer can exploit the metabolic vulnerabilities conferred by high PGC1α/β expression and offers an effective approach to manage patients on the basis of PGC1α/β expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Ghilardi
- Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Therapeutics, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Corresponding Author: Carmen Ghilardi, Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Therapeutics; Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milan, Italy. Phone: 39-02-39014226; Fax: 39-02-39014734; E-mail:
| | - Catarina Moreira-Barbosa
- Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Therapeutics, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Laura Brunelli
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Ostano
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia Valenta, Biella, Italy
| | - Nicolò Panini
- Laboratory of Anticancer Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Lupi
- Laboratory of Anticancer Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessia Anastasia
- Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Therapeutics, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Fiordaliso
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Clinical Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Salio
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Clinical Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Formenti
- Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Therapeutics, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Russo
- Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Therapeutics, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Edoardo Arrigoni
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Giovanna Chiorino
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia Valenta, Biella, Italy
| | - Giulio Draetta
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, Therapeutics Discovery Division, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,TRACTION Platform, Therapeutics Discovery Division, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Joseph R. Marszalek
- TRACTION Platform, Therapeutics Discovery Division, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Christopher P. Vellano
- TRACTION Platform, Therapeutics Discovery Division, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Roberta Pastorelli
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - MariaRosa Bani
- Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Therapeutics, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Decio
- Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Therapeutics, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaella Giavazzi
- Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Therapeutics, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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13
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Chrysanthou E, Sehovic E, Ostano P, Chiorino G. Comprehensive Gene Expression Analysis to Identify Differences and Similarities between Sex- and Stage-Stratified Melanoma Samples. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071099. [PMID: 35406661 PMCID: PMC8997401 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Overall lower incidence and better prognosis are observed in female melanoma patients compared to males. As sex and stage differences in the context of melanoma gene expression are understudied, we aim to highlight them through statistical analysis of melanoma gene expression datasets. Data from seven online datasets, including normal skin, commonly acquired nevi, and melanomas, were collected and analyzed. Sex/stage-related differences were assessed using statistical analyses on survival, gene expression, and its variability. Significantly better overall survival in females was observed in stage I, II but not in stage III. Gene expression variability was significantly different between stages and sexes. Specifically, we observed a significantly lower variability in genes expressed in normal skin and nevi in females compared to males, as well as in female stage I, II melanomas. However, in stage III, variability was lower in males. Similarly, class comparison showed that the gene expression differences between sexes are most notable in non-melanoma followed by early-stage-melanoma samples. Sexual dimorphism is an important aspect to consider for a holistic understanding of early-stage melanomas, not only from the tumor characteristics but also from the gene expression points of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Chrysanthou
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, 10100 Turin, Italy; (E.C.); (E.S.)
- Cancer Genomics Lab, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, 13900 Biella, Italy;
| | - Emir Sehovic
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, 10100 Turin, Italy; (E.C.); (E.S.)
- Cancer Genomics Lab, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, 13900 Biella, Italy;
| | - Paola Ostano
- Cancer Genomics Lab, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, 13900 Biella, Italy;
| | - Giovanna Chiorino
- Cancer Genomics Lab, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, 13900 Biella, Italy;
- Correspondence:
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14
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Akhouayri L, Regragui M, Benayad S, Guebessi NB, Marnissi F, Chiorino G, Karkouri M. Ki-67 proliferation index to further stratify invasive breast cancer molecular subtypes: Northern African comparative cohort-study with external TCGA-BRCA and METABRIC validation. Pan Afr Med J 2022; 41:170. [PMID: 35655690 PMCID: PMC9120749 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2022.41.170.31239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction breast cancer (BC) is a malignancy with very high incidence and mortality in Africa, especially in Western Africa, where more than 25 thousand deaths are registered every year. Not all BC have the same prognosis, and being able to personalize treatment and predict aggressiveness is of crucial importance. The purpose of our study is to explore further subdivisions associated with prognosis, beyond breast cancer molecular classification that is routinely established in pathology departments. Methods we conducted a 5-year retrospective cohort study on 1266 invasive BC of Moroccan patients, collected at the Pathology Department of Ibn-Rochd University Hospital in Casablanca, and followed at King Mohammed VI National Centre for the Treatment of Cancers. We elaborated an Estimation-Maximization Clustering, based on the main BC biomarkers: Ki-67, HER2, estrogen and progesterone receptors, evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Two independent datasets (TCGA-BRCA and Metabric) were also analyzed to assess the external reproducibility of the results. Results each molecular subgroup could be partitioned into two further subdivisions: Cluster1, with average Ki-67 of 16.26% (±11.9) across all molecular subgroups and higher frequency within luminal BC, and Cluster2, with average Ki-67 of 68.8%(±18) across all molecular subgroups and higher frequency in HER2 as well as in triple-negative BC. Overall survival of the two Clusters was significantly different, with 5-year rates of 52 and 37 months for Custer1 and Cluster2, respectively (p=0.000001). Moreover, mortality rates within the same molecular subgroup, especially in luminal B HER2-, varied remarkably depending on Cluster membership (6% for C1 and 18% for C2 after 1 year of follow-up). Two different algorithms to evaluate the prognostic importance, variable selection using random forests (VSURF) and Minimal depth, ranked the subdivision proposed as one of the 4 most influential features being able to predict patient survival better than several histoprognostic features, both in the Moroccan and in the external datasets. Conclusion our results highlight a new refinement of the BC molecular classification and provide a simple and improved way to classify tumors that could be applied in low to middle-income countries. This is the first study of its kind addressed in an African context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila Akhouayri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Genetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II-Casablanca University, Rue Tariq Ibn Ziad, Casablanca, Morocco
- Genomics Lab, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, via Malta, Biella, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Biologiche, Università Degli Studi Di Torino, Via Giuseppe Verdi, Torino, Italy
| | - Meriem Regragui
- Department of Pathology, Ibn Rochd University Hospital, Rue des Hôpitaux, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Samira Benayad
- Department of Pathology, Ibn Rochd University Hospital, Rue des Hôpitaux, Casablanca, Morocco
| | | | - Farida Marnissi
- Department of Pathology, Ibn Rochd University Hospital, Rue des Hôpitaux, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Giovanna Chiorino
- Genomics Lab, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, via Malta, Biella, Italy
| | - Mehdi Karkouri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Genetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II-Casablanca University, Rue Tariq Ibn Ziad, Casablanca, Morocco
- Department of Pathology, Ibn Rochd University Hospital, Rue des Hôpitaux, Casablanca, Morocco
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15
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Dinami R, Petti E, Porru M, Rizzo A, Ganci F, Sacconi A, Ostano P, Chiorino G, Trusolino L, Blandino G, Ciliberto G, Zizza P, Biroccio A. TRF2 cooperates with CTCF for controlling the oncomiR-193b-3p in colorectal cancer. Cancer Lett 2022; 533:215607. [PMID: 35240232 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The Telomeric Repeat binding Factor 2 (TRF2), a key protein involved in telomere integrity, is over-expressed in several human cancers and promotes tumor formation and progression. Recently, TRF2 has been also found outside telomeres where it can affect gene expression. Here we provide evidence that TRF2 is able to modulate the expression of microRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNAs altered in human tumors. Among the miRNAs regulated by TRF2, we focused on miR-193b-3p, an oncomiRNA that positively correlates with TRF2 expression in human colorectal cancer patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset. At the mechanistic level, the control of miR-193b-3p expression requires the cooperative activity between TRF2 and the chromatin organization factor CTCF. We found that CTCF physically interacts with TRF2, thus driving the proper positioning of TRF2 on a binding site located upstream the miR-193b-3p host-gene. The binding of TRF2 on the identified region is necessary for promoting the expression of miR-193b3p which, in turn, inhibits the translation of the onco-suppressive methyltransferase SUV39H1 and promotes tumor cell proliferation. The translational relevance of the oncogenic properties of miR-193b-3p was confirmed in patients, in whom the association between TRF2 and miR-193b-3p has a prognostic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Dinami
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, via Elio Chianesi 53, Rome, 00144, Italy
| | - Eleonora Petti
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, via Elio Chianesi 53, Rome, 00144, Italy
| | - Manuela Porru
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, via Elio Chianesi 53, Rome, 00144, Italy
| | - Angela Rizzo
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, via Elio Chianesi 53, Rome, 00144, Italy
| | - Federica Ganci
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, via Elio Chianesi 53, Rome, 00144, Italy
| | - Andrea Sacconi
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, via Elio Chianesi 53, Rome, 00144, Italy
| | - Paola Ostano
- Cancer Genomics Lab, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, via Malta 3, Biella, 13900, Italy
| | - Giovanna Chiorino
- Cancer Genomics Lab, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, via Malta 3, Biella, 13900, Italy
| | - Livio Trusolino
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Strada Provinciale 142, Candiolo, TO, 10060, Italy; Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO - IRCCS, Strada Provinciale 142, Candiolo, TO, 10060, Italy
| | - Giovanni Blandino
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, via Elio Chianesi 53, Rome, 00144, Italy
| | - Gennaro Ciliberto
- Scientific Direction, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, via Elio Chianesi 53, Rome, 00144, Italy
| | - Pasquale Zizza
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, via Elio Chianesi 53, Rome, 00144, Italy.
| | - Annamaria Biroccio
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, via Elio Chianesi 53, Rome, 00144, Italy.
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16
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Anastasia A, Dellavedova G, Ramos-Montoya A, James NH, Chiorino G, Russo M, Baakza H, Wilson J, Ghilardi C, Cadogan EB, Giavazzi R, Bani MR. The DNA-PK inhibitor AZD7648 sensitizes patient derived ovarian cancer xenografts to pegylated liposomal doxorubicin and olaparib preventing abdominal metastases. Mol Cancer Ther 2022; 21:555-567. [PMID: 35149547 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-21-0420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the deadliest gynaecological cancer, with a 5 year survival rate of 30%, when the disease has spread throughout the peritoneal cavity. We investigated the efficacy to delay disease progression by the DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PKcs)inhibitor AZD7648, administered in combination with two of the therapeutic options for patient management: either pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) or the poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose)polymerase (PARP) inhibitor olaparib. Patient-derived ovarian cancer xenografts (OC-PDXs) were transplanted subcutaneously to evaluate the effect of treatment on tumour growth, or orthotopically in the peritoneal cavity to evaluate the effect on metastatic spread. AZD7648 was administered orally (po)in combination with PLD (dosed intravenously) or with olaparib (po). To prove the inhibition of DNA-PK in the tumours, we measured pDNA-PKcs, pRPA32 and γH2AX, biomarkers of DNA-PK activity. AZD7648 enhanced the therapeutic efficacy of PLD in all the OC-PDXs tested, regardless of their BRCA status, sensitivity to cisplatin or PLD. The treatment caused disease stabilization, that persisted despite therapy discontinuation for tumours growing subcutaneously, and significantly impaired the abdominal metastatic dissemination, prolonging the lifespan of mice implanted orthotopically. AZD7648 potentiated the efficacy of olaparib in BRCA-deficient OC-PDXs, but did not sensitize BRCA-proficient OC-PDXs to olaparib, despite an equivalent inhibition of DNA-PK, suggesting the need of a pre-existing olaparib activity to benefit from the addition of AZD7648. This work suggests that AZD7648, an inhibitor of DNA-PK, dosed in combination with PLD or olaparib is an exciting therapeutic option that could benefit ovarian cancer patients and should be explored in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Anastasia
- Oncology, Institute for Pharmacological Research Mario Negri - IRCCS
| | | | | | - Neil H James
- Bioscience, Oncology, R, AstraZeneca (United Kingdom)
| | | | - Massimo Russo
- Cancer Metastasis Therapeutics, Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy, Cancer Metastasis Therapeutics, Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Joanne Wilson
- Department of Oncology, AstraZeneca (United Kingdom)
| | - Carmen Ghilardi
- Cancer Metastasis Therapeutics - Oncology Department, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS
| | | | - Raffaella Giavazzi
- Cancer Metastasis Therapeutics, Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS
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17
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Mello-Grand M, Bruno A, Sacchetto L, Cristoni S, Gregnanin I, Dematteis A, Zitella A, Gontero P, Peraldo-Neia C, Ricotta R, Noonan DM, Albini A, Chiorino G. Two Novel Ceramide-Like Molecules and miR-5100 Levels as Biomarkers Improve Prediction of Prostate Cancer in Gray-Zone PSA. Front Oncol 2021; 11:769158. [PMID: 34868998 PMCID: PMC8640468 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.769158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Reliable liquid biopsy-based tools able to accurately discriminate prostate cancer (PCa) from benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), when PSA is within the “gray zone” (PSA 4–10), are still urgent. We analyzed plasma samples from a cohort of 102 consecutively recruited patients with PSA levels between 4 and 16 ng/ml, using the SANIST-Cloud Ion Mobility Metabolomic Mass Spectrometry platform, combined with the analysis of a panel of circulating microRNAs (miR). By coupling CIMS ion mobility technology with SANIST, we were able to reveal three new structures among the most differentially expressed metabolites in PCa vs. BPH. In particular, two were classified as polyunsaturated ceramide ester-like and one as polysaturated glycerol ester-like. Penalized logistic regression was applied to build a model to predict PCa, using six circulating miR, seven circulating metabolites, and demographic/clinical variables, as covariates. Four circulating metabolites, miR-5100, and age were selected by the model, and the corresponding prediction score gave an AUC of 0.76 (C.I. = 0.66–0.85). At a specified cut-off, no high-risk tumor was misclassified, and 22 out of 53 BPH were correctly identified, reducing by 40% the false positives of PSA. We developed and applied a novel, minimally invasive, liquid biopsy-based powerful tool to characterize novel metabolites and identified new potential non-invasive biomarkers to better predict PCa, when PSA is uninformative as a tool for precision medicine in genitourinary cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonino Bruno
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Unit of Molecular Pathology, Biochemistry, and Immunology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Lidia Sacchetto
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Simone Cristoni
- I.S.B.-Ion Source & Biotechnologies srl, Biotechnology, Bresso, Italy
| | - Ilaria Gregnanin
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, Biella, Italy
| | - Alessandro Dematteis
- Department of Urology, San Giovanni Battista Hospital of Torino, Corso Torino, Italy
| | - Andrea Zitella
- Department of Urology, San Giovanni Battista Hospital of Torino, Corso Torino, Italy
| | - Paolo Gontero
- Department of Urology, San Giovanni Battista Hospital of Torino, Corso Torino, Italy
| | | | - Riccardo Ricotta
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Douglas M Noonan
- Immunology and General Pathology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.,Unit of Molecular Pathology, Biochemistry, and Immunology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Adriana Albini
- Laboratory of Vascular Cell Biology and Angiogenesis Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanna Chiorino
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, Biella, Italy
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18
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Scatolini M, Patel A, Grosso E, Mello-Grand M, Ostano P, Coppo R, Vitiello M, Venesio T, Zaccagna A, Pisacane A, Sarotto I, Taverna D, Poliseno L, Bergamaschi D, Chiorino G. GJB5 association with BRAF mutation and survival in cutaneous malignant melanoma. Br J Dermatol 2021; 186:117-128. [PMID: 34240406 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.20629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gap junctional intercellular communication is crucial for epidermal cellular homeostasis. Inability to establish melanocyte-keratinocytes contacts and loss of intercellular junction's integrity may contribute to melanoma development. Connexins, laminins and desmocollins have been implicated in the control of melanoma growth, where their reduced expression has been reported in metastatic lesions. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate Connexin 31.1 (GJB5) expression and identify any association with BRAF mutational status, melanoma patient prognosis and MAPK inhibitors (MAPKi) treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS GJB5 expression was measured at RNA and protein level in melanoma clinical samples and established cell lines treated or not with BRAF and MEK inhibitors, as well as in cell lines which developed MAPK inhibitors resistance. Findings were further validated and confirmed by analysis of independent datasets. RESULTS Our analysis reveals significant downregulation of GJB5 expression in metastatic melanoma lesions compared to primary ones and in BRAF mutated versus BRAF wild-type melanomas. Likewise, GJB5 expression is significantly lower in BRAFV600E compared with BRAFWT cell lines and increases upon MAPKi treatment. MAPKi-resistant melanoma cells display a similar expression pattern compared to BRAFWT cells, with increased GJB5 expression associated with morphological changes. Enhancement of BRAFV600E expression in BRAFWT melanoma cells significantly upregulates miR-335-5p expression with consequent downregulation of GJB5, one of its targets. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-335-5p in two BRAFWT cell lines confirms specific GJB5 protein downregulation. RT-qPCR analysis also revealed upregulation of miR-335 in BRAFV600E melanoma cells, which is significantly downregulated in cells resistant to MEK inhibitors. Our data were further validated using the TCGA-SKCM dataset, where BRAF mutations associate with increased miR-335 expression and inversely correlate with GJB5 expression. In clinical samples, GJB5 underexpression is also associated with patient overall worse survival, especially at early stages. CONCLUSION We identified a significant association between metastases / BRAF mutation and low GJB5 expression in melanoma. Our results identify a novel mechanism of Gap-junctional protein regulation, suggesting a prognostic role for GJB5 in cutaneous melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Scatolini
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, 13875, Ponderano, BI, Italy
| | - A Patel
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London SMD, QMUL, London, E1 2AT, UK
| | - E Grosso
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, 13875, Ponderano, BI, Italy
| | - M Mello-Grand
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, 13900, Biella, Italy
| | - P Ostano
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, 13900, Biella, Italy
| | - R Coppo
- Molecular Biotechnology Centre, 10126, Torino, Italy.,Department of Clinical Bio-Resource Research and Development, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - M Vitiello
- Oncogenomics Unit, Core Research Laboratory, Istituto Toscano Tumori, Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - T Venesio
- Pathology and Dermosurgery Units, Candiolo Cancer Institute (FPO-IRCCS), 10060, Candiolo, Turin, Italy
| | - A Zaccagna
- Pathology and Dermosurgery Units, Candiolo Cancer Institute (FPO-IRCCS), 10060, Candiolo, Turin, Italy
| | - A Pisacane
- Pathology and Dermosurgery Units, Candiolo Cancer Institute (FPO-IRCCS), 10060, Candiolo, Turin, Italy
| | - I Sarotto
- Pathology and Dermosurgery Units, Candiolo Cancer Institute (FPO-IRCCS), 10060, Candiolo, Turin, Italy
| | - D Taverna
- Molecular Biotechnology Centre, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - L Poliseno
- Oncogenomics Unit, Core Research Laboratory, Istituto Toscano Tumori, Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - D Bergamaschi
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London SMD, QMUL, London, E1 2AT, UK
| | - G Chiorino
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, 13900, Biella, Italy
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19
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Xu X, Tassone B, Ostano P, Katarkar A, Proust T, Joseph JM, Riganti C, Chiorino G, Kutalik Z, Lefort K, Dotto GP. HSD17B7 gene in self-renewal and oncogenicity of keratinocytes from Black versus White populations. EMBO Mol Med 2021; 13:e14133. [PMID: 34185380 PMCID: PMC8261506 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202114133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Human populations of Black African ancestry have a relatively high risk of aggressive cancer types, including keratinocyte-derived squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). We show that primary keratinocytes (HKCs) from Black African (Black) versus White Caucasian (White) individuals have on average higher oncogenic and self-renewal potential, which are inversely related to mitochondrial electron transfer chain activity and ATP and ROS production. HSD17B7 is the top-ranked differentially expressed gene in HKCs and Head/Neck SCCs from individuals of Black African versus Caucasian ancestries, with several ancestry-specific eQTLs linked to its expression. Mirroring the differences between Black and White HKCs, modulation of the gene, coding for an enzyme involved in sex steroid and cholesterol biosynthesis, determines HKC and SCC cell proliferation and oncogenicity as well as mitochondrial OXPHOS activity. Overall, the findings point to a targetable determinant of cancer susceptibility among different human populations, amenable to prevention and management of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Xu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Beatrice Tassone
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Paola Ostano
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, Biella, Italy
| | - Atul Katarkar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Tatiana Proust
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Marc Joseph
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Women-Mother-Child Department, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Chiara Riganti
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giovanna Chiorino
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, Biella, Italy
| | - Zoltan Kutalik
- University Center for Primary Care and Public Health, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Karine Lefort
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Gian Paolo Dotto
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
- International Cancer Prevention Institute, Epalinges, Switzerland
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20
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Nobili S, Mannini A, Parenti A, Raggi C, Lapucci A, Chiorino G, Paccosi S, Di Gennaro P, Vezzosi V, Romagnoli P, Susini T, Coronnello M. Establishment and characterization of a new spontaneously immortalized ER -/PR -/HER2 + human breast cancer cell line, DHSF-BR16. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8340. [PMID: 33863935 PMCID: PMC8052418 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87362-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) constitutes the most frequent malignant cancer endangering women’s health. In this study, a new spontaneously immortalized breast cancer cell line, DHSF-BR16 cells, was isolated from the primary IDC of a 74-years old female patient, treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and disease-free 5-years after adjuvant chemotherapy. Primary breast cancer tissue surgically removed was classified as ER−/PR−/HER2+, and the same phenotype was maintained by DHSF-BR16 cells. We examined DHSF-BR16 cell morphology and relevant biological and molecular markers, as well as their response to anticancer drugs commonly used for breast cancer treatment. MCF-7 cells were used for comparison purposes. The DHSF-BR16 cells showed the ability to form spheroids and migrate. Furthermore, DHSF-BR16 cells showed a mixed stemness phenotype (i.e. CD44+/CD24−/low), high levels of cytokeratin 7, moderate levels of cytokeratin 8 and 18, EpCAM and E-Cadh. Transcriptome analysis showed 2071 differentially expressed genes between DHSF-BR16 and MCF-7 cells (logFC > 2, p-adj < 0.01). Several genes were highly upregulated or downregulated in the new cell line (log2 scale fold change magnitude within − 9.6 to + 12.13). A spontaneous immortalization signature, mainly represented by extracellular exosomes-, plasma membrane- and endoplasmic reticulum membrane pathways (GO database) as well as by metabolic pathways (KEGG database) was observed in DHSF-BR16 cells. Also, these cells were more resistant to anthracyclines compared with MCF-7 cells. Overall, DHSF-BR16 cell line represents a relevant model useful to investigate cancer biology, to identify both novel prognostic and drug response predictive biomarkers as well as to assess new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Nobili
- Department of Health Science, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy.,Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Antonella Mannini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Astrid Parenti
- Department of Health Science, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Chiara Raggi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Lapucci
- Department of Health Science, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Sara Paccosi
- Department of Health Science, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Paola Di Gennaro
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit - Regional Melanoma Referral Center - Tuscan Tumor Institute (ITT), Santa Maria Annunziata Hospital, Bagno a Ripoli, Florence, Italy
| | - Vania Vezzosi
- Department Organizational Structure (SOD) of Pathological Histology and Molecular Diagnostics, AOU Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Paolo Romagnoli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Tommaso Susini
- Department of Health Science, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Marcella Coronnello
- Department of Health Science, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy.
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21
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Sulsenti R, Frossi B, Bongiovanni L, Cancila V, Ostano P, Fischetti I, Enriquez C, Guana F, Chiorino G, Tripodo C, Pucillo CE, Colombo MP, Jachetti E. Repurposing of the Antiepileptic Drug Levetiracetam to Restrain Neuroendocrine Prostate Cancer and Inhibit Mast Cell Support to Adenocarcinoma. Front Immunol 2021; 12:622001. [PMID: 33737929 PMCID: PMC7960782 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.622001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A relevant fraction of castration-resistant prostate cancers (CRPC) evolve into fatal neuroendocrine (NEPC) tumors in resistance to androgen deprivation and/or inhibitors of androgen receptor pathway. Therefore, effective drugs against both CRPC and NEPC are needed. We have previously described a dual role of mast cells (MCs) in prostate cancer, being capable to promote adenocarcinoma but also to restrain NEPC. This finding suggests that a molecule targeting both MCs and NEPC cells could be effective against prostate cancer. Using an in silico drug repurposing approach, here we identify the antiepileptic drug levetiracetam as a potential candidate for this purpose. We found that the protein target of levetiracetam, SV2A, is highly expressed by both NEPC cells and MCs infiltrating prostate adenocarcinoma, while it is low or negligible in adenocarcinoma cells. In vitro, levetiracetam inhibited the proliferation of NEPC cells and the degranulation of MCs. In mice bearing subcutaneous tumors levetiracetam was partially active on both NEPC and adenocarcinoma, the latter effect due to the inhibition of MMP9 release by MCs. Notably, in TRansgenic Adenocarcinoma of the Mouse Prostate (TRAMP) mice subjected to surgical castration to mimic androgen deprivation therapy, levetiracetam reduced onset and frequency of both high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, adenocarcinoma and NEPC, thus increasing the number of cured mice showing only signs of tumor regression. Our results demonstrate that levetiracetam can directly restrain NEPC development after androgen deprivation, and that it can also block adenocarcinoma progression through the inhibition of some MCs functions. These findings open the possibility of further testing levetiracetam for the therapy of prostate cancer or of MC-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Sulsenti
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Frossi
- Immunology Section, Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Lucia Bongiovanni
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Valeria Cancila
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Paola Ostano
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, Biella, Italy
| | - Irene Fischetti
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Enriquez
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Guana
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, Biella, Italy
| | - Giovanna Chiorino
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, Biella, Italy
| | - Claudio Tripodo
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Carlo E. Pucillo
- Immunology Section, Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Mario P. Colombo
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Jachetti
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
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22
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Morani F, Doccini S, Chiorino G, Fattori F, Galatolo D, Sciarrillo E, Gemignani F, Züchner S, Bertini ES, Santorelli FM. Functional Network Profiles in ARSACS Disclosed by Aptamer-Based Proteomic Technology. Front Neurol 2021; 11:603774. [PMID: 33584503 PMCID: PMC7873355 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.603774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the genetic basis of autosomal recessive spastic ataxia of Charlevoix-Saguenay (ARSACS) has been uncovered, our poor understanding of disease mechanisms requires new light on functional pathways and modifying factors to improve early diagnostic strategies and offer alternative treatment options in a rare condition with no cure. Investigation of the pathologic state combining disease models and quantitative omic approach might improve biomarkers discovery with possible implications in patients' diagnoses. In this study, we analyzed proteomics data obtained using the SomaLogic technology, comparing cell lysates from ARSACS patients and from a SACS KO SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell model. Single-stranded deoxyoligonucleotides, selected in vitro from large random libraries, bound and quantified molecular targets related to the neuroinflammation signaling pathway and to neuronal development. Changes in protein levels were further analyzed by bioinformatics and network approaches to identify biomarkers of ARSACS and functional pathways impaired in the disease. We identified novel significantly dysregulated biological processes related to neuroinflammation, synaptogenesis, and engulfment of cells in patients and in KO cells compared with controls. Among the differential expressed proteins found in this work, we identified several proteins encoded by genes already known to be mutated in other forms of neurodegeneration. This finding suggests that common dysfunctional networks could be therapeutic targets for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Morani
- Molecular Medicine for Neurodegenerative and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Doccini
- Molecular Medicine for Neurodegenerative and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanna Chiorino
- Laboratorio di Genomica, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, Biella, Italy
| | - Fabiana Fattori
- Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Galatolo
- Molecular Medicine for Neurodegenerative and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Italy
| | - Elisa Sciarrillo
- Laboratorio di Genomica, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, Biella, Italy
| | | | - Stephan Züchner
- Department of Human Genetics, Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Enrico Silvio Bertini
- Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Filippo Maria Santorelli
- Molecular Medicine for Neurodegenerative and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Italy
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23
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Alajati A, D'Ambrosio M, Troiani M, Mosole S, Pellegrini L, Chen J, Revandkar A, Bolis M, Theurillat JP, Guccini I, Losa M, Calcinotto A, De Bernardis G, Pasquini E, D'Antuono R, Sharp A, Figueiredo I, Nava Rodrigues D, Welti J, Gil V, Yuan W, Vlajnic T, Bubendorf L, Chiorino G, Gnetti L, Torrano V, Carracedo A, Camplese L, Hirabayashi S, Canato E, Pasut G, Montopoli M, Rüschoff JH, Wild P, Moch H, De Bono J, Alimonti A. CDCP1 overexpression drives prostate cancer progression and can be targeted in vivo. J Clin Invest 2021; 130:2435-2450. [PMID: 32250342 DOI: 10.1172/jci131133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms by which prostate cancer shifts from an indolent castration-sensitive phenotype to lethal castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) are poorly understood. Identification of clinically relevant genetic alterations leading to CRPC may reveal potential vulnerabilities for cancer therapy. Here we find that CUB domain-containing protein 1 (CDCP1), a transmembrane protein that acts as a substrate for SRC family kinases (SFKs), is overexpressed in a subset of CRPC. Notably, CDCP1 cooperates with the loss of the tumor suppressor gene PTEN to promote the emergence of metastatic prostate cancer. Mechanistically, we find that androgens suppress CDCP1 expression and that androgen deprivation in combination with loss of PTEN promotes the upregulation of CDCP1 and the subsequent activation of the SRC/MAPK pathway. Moreover, we demonstrate that anti-CDCP1 immunoliposomes (anti-CDCP1 ILs) loaded with chemotherapy suppress prostate cancer growth when administered in combination with enzalutamide. Thus, our study identifies CDCP1 as a powerful driver of prostate cancer progression and uncovers different potential therapeutic strategies for the treatment of metastatic prostate tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Alajati
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Universita' della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Mariantonietta D'Ambrosio
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Universita' della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland.,Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne UNIL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Martina Troiani
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Universita' della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Simone Mosole
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Universita' della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Laura Pellegrini
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Universita' della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Jingjing Chen
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Universita' della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland.,Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne UNIL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ajinkya Revandkar
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Universita' della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland.,Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne UNIL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marco Bolis
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Universita' della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Philippe Theurillat
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Universita' della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Ilaria Guccini
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Universita' della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Marco Losa
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Universita' della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Arianna Calcinotto
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Universita' della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Gaston De Bernardis
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Universita' della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Emiliano Pasquini
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Universita' della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Rocco D'Antuono
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Adam Sharp
- Division of Clinical Studies, Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ines Figueiredo
- Division of Clinical Studies, Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom.,Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Nava Rodrigues
- Division of Clinical Studies, Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom.,Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Welti
- Division of Clinical Studies, Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom.,Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Veronica Gil
- Division of Clinical Studies, Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom.,Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Wei Yuan
- Division of Clinical Studies, Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom.,Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tatjana Vlajnic
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Bubendorf
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Letizia Gnetti
- Pathology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Verónica Torrano
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain.,Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Arkaitz Carracedo
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain.,Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.,Ikerbasque: Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Laura Camplese
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Susumu Hirabayashi
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Canato
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Pasut
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Monica Montopoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Jan Hendrik Rüschoff
- Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Wild
- Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Holger Moch
- Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Johann De Bono
- Division of Clinical Studies, Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom.,Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Alimonti
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Universita' della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland.,Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne UNIL, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich (ETH), Zurich, Switzerland
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24
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Peraldo-Neia C, Ostano P, Mello-Grand M, Guana F, Gregnanin I, Boschi D, Oliaro-Bosso S, Pippione AC, Carenzo A, De Cecco L, Cavalieri S, Micali A, Perrone F, Averono G, Bagnasacco P, Dosdegani R, Masini L, Krengli M, Aluffi-Valletti P, Valente G, Chiorino G. AKR1C3 is a biomarker and druggable target for oropharyngeal tumors. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2020; 44:357-372. [PMID: 33211282 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-020-00571-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Oropharynx squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is a subtype of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) arising from the base of the tongue, lingual tonsils, tonsils, oropharynx or pharynx. The majority of HPV-positive OPSCCs has a good prognosis, but a fraction of them has a poor prognosis, similar to HPV-negative OPSCCs. An in-depth understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying OPSCC is mandatory for the identification of novel prognostic biomarkers and/or novel therapeutic targets. METHODS 14 HPV-positive and 15 HPV-negative OPSCCs with 5-year follow-up information were subjected to gene expression profiling and, subsequently, compared to three extensive published OPSCC cohorts to define robust biomarkers for HPV-negative lesions. Validation of Aldo-keto-reductases 1C3 (AKR1C3) by qRT-PCR was carried out on an independent cohort (n = 111) of OPSCC cases. In addition, OPSCC cell lines Fadu and Cal-27 were treated with Cisplatin and/or specific AKR1C3 inhibitors to assess their (combined) therapeutic effects. RESULTS Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) on the four datasets revealed that the genes down-regulated in HPV-negative samples were mainly involved in immune system, whereas those up-regulated mainly in glutathione derivative biosynthetic and xenobiotic metabolic processes. A panel of 30 robust HPV-associated transcripts was identified, with AKR1C3 as top-overexpressed transcript in HPV-negative samples. AKR1C3 expression in 111 independent OPSCC cases positively correlated with a worse survival, both in the entire cohort and in HPV-positive samples. Pretreatment with a selective AKR1C3 inhibitor potentiated the effect of Cisplatin in OPSCC cells exhibiting higher basal AKR1C3 expression levels. CONCLUSIONS We identified AKR1C3 as a potential prognostic biomarker in OPSCC and as a potential drug target whose inhibition can potentiate the effect of Cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Peraldo-Neia
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, via Malta 3, 13900, Biella, Italy
| | - Paola Ostano
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, via Malta 3, 13900, Biella, Italy
| | - Maurizia Mello-Grand
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, via Malta 3, 13900, Biella, Italy
| | - Francesca Guana
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, via Malta 3, 13900, Biella, Italy
| | - Ilaria Gregnanin
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, via Malta 3, 13900, Biella, Italy
| | - Donatella Boschi
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Simonetta Oliaro-Bosso
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Agnese Chiara Pippione
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Andrea Carenzo
- Integrated Biology Platform, Department of Applied Research and Technology Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Loris De Cecco
- Integrated Biology Platform, Department of Applied Research and Technology Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Cavalieri
- Head and Neck Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, via Venezian 1, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Arianna Micali
- Integrated Biology Platform, Department of Applied Research and Technology Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Perrone
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, via Venezian 1, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca Averono
- Otorhinolaryngology Unit, Ospedale degli Infermi, via dei Ponderanesi 1, Ponderano, Biella, Italy
| | - Paolo Bagnasacco
- Otorhinolaryngology Unit, Ospedale degli Infermi, via dei Ponderanesi 1, Ponderano, Biella, Italy
| | | | - Laura Masini
- Department of Translational Medicine, UPO School of Medicine, Radiotherapy Unit, Novara, Italy
| | - Marco Krengli
- Department of Translational Medicine, UPO School of Medicine, Radiotherapy Unit, Novara, Italy
| | - Paolo Aluffi-Valletti
- Department of Health Sciences, UPO School of Medicine, Otorhinolaryngology Unit, Novara, Italy
| | - Guido Valente
- Department of Translational Medicine, UPO School of Medicine, Radiotherapy Unit, Novara, Italy
| | - Giovanna Chiorino
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, via Malta 3, 13900, Biella, Italy.
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25
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Calandri E, Guana F, Pultrone M, Leuzzi S, Chiorino G, Soligo E, Frantellizzi V, Gallina S, Liberatore M, De Vincentis G. Evaluation of Left Ventricular Volumes and Ejection Fraction from Gated Myocardial Perfusion SPECT Processed with "Myovation Evolution": Comparison of Three Automated Software Packages using Cardiac Magnetic Resonance as Reference. Curr Radiopharm 2020; 14:112-120. [PMID: 32933466 DOI: 10.2174/1874471013666200915130100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of resolution recovery (RR) algorithms has made it possible to preserve the good quality of cardiac images despite a reduced number of counts during study acquisition. OBJECTIVE Our purpose was to evaluate the performance of three different software packages in the quantification of left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic volume (EDV), end-systolic volume (ESV), and ejection fraction (EF) from gated perfusion SPECT, applying a resolution recovery (RR) algorithm (GE Myovation Evolution), with respect to cardiac MRI (cMRI) as a gold standard. METHODS We retrospectively enrolled 21 patients, with suspected or known coronary heart disease. Images at rest were reconstructed by filtered back projection (FBP) and by an iterative protocol with the RR algorithm. EDV, ESV, and LVEF were automatically computed employing Quantitative Gated SPECT (QGS), Myometrix (MX), and Corridor 4DM (4DM). Any difference in EDV, ESV, and LVEF calculation between cMRI and the three packages (with FBP and iterative reconstruction with RR) was tested using Wilcoxon or paired t-test, with the assumption of normality assessed using the Shapiro-Wilk test. Agreement between imaging reconstruction algorithms and between gated-SPECT software packages and cMRI was studied with Pearson's (r) or Spearman's (R) correlation coefficients and Lin's concordance correlation coefficient (LCC). RESULTS Intra-software evaluation always revealed very strong correlation coefficients (R, r ≥ 0.8) and excellent LCC coefficients (LCC > 0.95), except for the LCC coefficient between MX-FBP and MX-RR in EDV evaluation, nevertheless considered very good (LCC = 0.94). EDV and ESV had significantly lower value when calculated with the RR algorithm with respect to FBP reconstruction in QGS and MX. LVEF estimation did not show significant differences for QGS-FBP, QGS-RR, MX, and 4DM-RR with respect to cMRI. CONCLUSION All reconstruction methods systematically underestimate EDV and ESV, with higher underestimation applying only the RR. No significant differences were observed between 4DM - RR and 4DM-FBP, for each parameter, when the 4DM package was used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Calandri
- Department of Medicine and Urgency, Nuclear Medicine Unit, Ospedale degli Infermi, Ponderano (BI), Italy
| | - Francesca Guana
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, Biella, Italy
| | - Mirco Pultrone
- Department of Medicine and Urgency, Nuclear Medicine Unit, Ospedale degli Infermi, Ponderano (BI), Italy
| | - Stefano Leuzzi
- Department of Medicine and Urgency, Unit of Cardiology, Ospedale degli Infermi, Ponderano (BI), Italy
| | - Giovanna Chiorino
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, Biella, Italy
| | - Eleonora Soligo
- Department of Medicine and Urgency, Radiology Unit, Ospedale degli Infermi, Ponderano (BI), Italy
| | - Viviana Frantellizzi
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Anatomical Pathology, Nuclear Medicine Unit, "Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy
| | - Sonya Gallina
- Department of Medicine and Urgency, Nuclear Medicine Unit, Ospedale degli Infermi, Ponderano (BI), Italy
| | - Mauro Liberatore
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Anatomical Pathology, Nuclear Medicine Unit, "Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe De Vincentis
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Anatomical Pathology, Nuclear Medicine Unit, "Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy
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26
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Rossi G, Coco S, Longo L, Chiorino G, Ostano P, Bello MD, Grassi M, Venturi C, Mastracci L, Tagliamento M, Dellepiane C, Zullo L, Beshiri K, Alama A, Bennicelli E, Bottini A, Pronzato P, Genova C. 1216P A circulating exosomal miRNA-based risk score as a predictive biomarker of relapse in early stage non-small cell lung cancer. Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.08.1418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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27
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Di Mitri D, Mirenda M, Vasilevska J, Calcinotto A, Delaleu N, Revandkar A, Gil V, Boysen G, Losa M, Mosole S, Pasquini E, D'Antuono R, Masetti M, Zagato E, Chiorino G, Ostano P, Rinaldi A, Gnetti L, Graupera M, Martins Figueiredo Fonseca AR, Pereira Mestre R, Waugh D, Barry S, De Bono J, Alimonti A. Re-education of Tumor-Associated Macrophages by CXCR2 Blockade Drives Senescence and Tumor Inhibition in Advanced Prostate Cancer. Cell Rep 2020; 28:2156-2168.e5. [PMID: 31433989 PMCID: PMC6715643 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.07.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) represent a major component of the tumor microenvironment supporting tumorigenesis. TAMs re-education has been proposed as a strategy to promote tumor inhibition. However, whether this approach may work in prostate cancer is unknown. Here we find that Pten-null prostate tumors are strongly infiltrated by TAMs expressing C-X-C chemokine receptor type 2 (CXCR2), and activation of this receptor through CXCL2 polarizes macrophages toward an anti-inflammatory phenotype. Notably, pharmacological blockade of CXCR2 receptor by a selective antagonist promoted the re-education of TAMs toward a pro-inflammatory phenotype. Strikingly, CXCR2 knockout monocytes infused in Ptenpc−/−; Trp53pc−/− mice differentiated in tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)-releasing pro-inflammatory macrophages, leading to senescence and tumor inhibition. Mechanistically, PTEN-deficient tumor cells are vulnerable to TNF-α-induced senescence, because of an increase of TNFR1. Our results identify TAMs as targets in prostate cancer and describe a therapeutic strategy based on CXCR2 blockade to harness anti-tumorigenic potential of macrophages against this disease. CXCR2 blockade drives re-education of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) Infusion of CXCR2-KO monocytes in tumor-bearing mice blocks tumor progression PTEN deletion sensitizes tumor cells to TNF-α-induced senescence and growth arrest
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Affiliation(s)
- Diletta Di Mitri
- Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Via A. Manzoni 113, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Mirenda
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Nicolas Delaleu
- Broegelmann Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland; 2C SysBioMed, 6646 Contra, Switzerland
| | | | - Veronica Gil
- The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Gunther Boysen
- The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Marco Losa
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Simone Mosole
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | - Rocco D'Antuono
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Michela Masetti
- Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Via A. Manzoni 113, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Zagato
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Giovanna Chiorino
- Cancer Genomics Lab, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, Via Malta, 3, 13900 Biella, Italy
| | - Paola Ostano
- Cancer Genomics Lab, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, Via Malta, 3, 13900 Biella, Italy
| | - Andrea Rinaldi
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Letizia Gnetti
- Pathology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Mariona Graupera
- Vascular Signalling Laboratory, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain; Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Barcelona, Spain; CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Raquel Martins Figueiredo Fonseca
- Vascular Signalling Laboratory, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain; Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Barcelona, Spain; CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Pereira Mestre
- Medical Oncology, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - David Waugh
- Movember Centre of Excellence, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Simon Barry
- IMED Oncology AstraZeneca, Li KaShing Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Johann De Bono
- The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Andrea Alimonti
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, 1011 Lugano, Switzerland; Department of Medicine, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; Medical Oncology, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland.
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28
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Patel A, Garcia LF, Mannella V, Gammon L, Borg TM, Maffucci T, Scatolini M, Chiorino G, Vergani E, Rodolfo M, Maurichi A, Posch C, Matin RN, Harwood CA, Bergamaschi D. Targeting p63 Upregulation Abrogates Resistance to MAPK Inhibitors in Melanoma. Cancer Res 2020; 80:2676-2688. [PMID: 32291316 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-3230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Targeting the MAPK pathway by combined inhibition of BRAF and MEK has increased overall survival in advanced BRAF-mutant melanoma in both therapeutic and adjuvant clinical settings. However, a significant proportion of tumors develop acquired resistance, leading to treatment failure. We have previously shown p63 to be an important inhibitor of p53-induced apoptosis in melanoma following genotoxic drug exposure. Here, we investigated the role of p63 in acquired resistance to MAPK inhibition and show that p63 isoforms are upregulated in melanoma cell lines chronically exposed to BRAF and MEK inhibition, with consequent increased resistance to apoptosis. This p63 upregulation was the result of its reduced degradation by the E3 ubiquitin ligase FBXW7. FBXW7 was itself regulated by MDM2, and in therapy-resistant melanoma cell lines, nuclear accumulation of MDM2 caused downregulation of FBXW7 and consequent upregulation of p63. Consistent with this, both FBXW7-inactivating mutations and MDM2 upregulation were found in melanoma clinical samples. Treatment of MAPK inhibitor-resistant melanoma cells with MDM2 inhibitor Nutlin-3A restored FBXW7 expression and p63 degradation in a dose-dependent manner and sensitized these cells to apoptosis. Collectively, these data provide a compelling rationale for future investigation of Nutlin-3A as an approach to abrogate acquired resistance of melanoma to MAPK inhibitor targeted therapy. SIGNIFICANCE: Upregulation of p63, an unreported mechanism of MAPK inhibitor resistance in melanoma, can be abrogated by treatment with the MDM2 inhibitor Nutlin-3A, which may serve as a strategy to overcome resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Patel
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lucia Fraile Garcia
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Viviana Mannella
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Luke Gammon
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tiffanie-Marie Borg
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tania Maffucci
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Scatolini
- Molecular Oncology Lab, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, Biella, Italy
| | | | - Elisabetta Vergani
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Immunotherapy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Rodolfo
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Immunotherapy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Maurichi
- Department of Surgery, Melanoma and Sarcoma Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Christian Posch
- Department of Dermatology, The Rudolfstiftung Hospital, Vienna, Austria.,Faculty of Medicine, Sigmund Freud University, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Dermatology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Rubeta N Matin
- Department of Dermatology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine A Harwood
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniele Bergamaschi
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.
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Ostano P, Mello-Grand M, Sesia D, Gregnanin I, Peraldo-Neia C, Guana F, Jachetti E, Farsetti A, Chiorino G. Gene Expression Signature Predictive of Neuroendocrine Transformation in Prostate Adenocarcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21031078. [PMID: 32041153 PMCID: PMC7037893 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21031078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) can arise de novo, but much more commonly occurs as a consequence of a selective pressure from androgen deprivation therapy or androgen receptor antagonists used for prostate cancer (PCa) treatment. The process is known as neuroendocrine transdifferentiation. There is little molecular characterization of NEPCs and consequently there is no standard treatment for this kind of tumors, characterized by highly metastases rates and poor survival. For this purpose, we profiled 54 PCa samples with more than 10-years follow-up for gene and miRNA expression. We divided samples into two groups (NE-like vs. AdenoPCa), according to their clinical and molecular features. NE-like tumors were characterized by a neuroendocrine fingerprint made of known neuroendocrine markers and novel molecules, including long non-coding RNAs and components of the estrogen receptor signaling. A gene expression signature able to predict NEPC was built and tested on independently published datasets. This study identified molecular features (protein-coding, long non-coding, and microRNAs), at the time of surgery, that may anticipate the NE transformation process of prostate adenocarcinoma. Our results may contribute to improving the diagnosis and treatment of this subgroup of tumors for which traditional therapy regimens do not show beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Ostano
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, via Malta 3, 13900 Biella, Italy; (P.O.); (M.M.-G.); (D.S.); (I.G.); (C.P.-N.); (F.G.)
| | - Maurizia Mello-Grand
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, via Malta 3, 13900 Biella, Italy; (P.O.); (M.M.-G.); (D.S.); (I.G.); (C.P.-N.); (F.G.)
| | - Debora Sesia
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, via Malta 3, 13900 Biella, Italy; (P.O.); (M.M.-G.); (D.S.); (I.G.); (C.P.-N.); (F.G.)
| | - Ilaria Gregnanin
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, via Malta 3, 13900 Biella, Italy; (P.O.); (M.M.-G.); (D.S.); (I.G.); (C.P.-N.); (F.G.)
| | - Caterina Peraldo-Neia
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, via Malta 3, 13900 Biella, Italy; (P.O.); (M.M.-G.); (D.S.); (I.G.); (C.P.-N.); (F.G.)
| | - Francesca Guana
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, via Malta 3, 13900 Biella, Italy; (P.O.); (M.M.-G.); (D.S.); (I.G.); (C.P.-N.); (F.G.)
| | - Elena Jachetti
- Department of Research, Molecular Immunology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Antonella Farsetti
- National Research Council - Institute of Analysis, Systems and Computer Science –CNR-IASI, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Giovanna Chiorino
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, via Malta 3, 13900 Biella, Italy; (P.O.); (M.M.-G.); (D.S.); (I.G.); (C.P.-N.); (F.G.)
- Correspondence:
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30
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Ricci F, Guffanti F, Affatato R, Brunelli L, Roberta P, Fruscio R, Perego P, Bani MR, Chiorino G, Rinaldi A, Bertoni F, Fratelli M, Damia G. Establishment of patient-derived tumor xenograft models of mucinous ovarian cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:572-580. [PMID: 32195028 PMCID: PMC7061742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucinous ovarian carcinoma (mEOC) represents a rare subtype of epithelial ovarian cancer, accounting for 3-4% of all ovarian carcinomas. The rarity of this tumor type renders both the preclinical and clinical research compelling. Very few preclinical in vitro and in vivo models exist. We here report the molecular, metabolic and pharmacological characterization of two patient derived xenografts (PDXs) from mEOC, recently obtained in our laboratory. These PDXs maintain the histological and molecular characteristics of the patient's tumors they derived from, including a wild type TP53. Gene expression analysis and metabolomics profile suggest that they differ from high grade serous/endometrioid ovarian carcinoma PDXs. The pharmacological characterization was undertaken testing the in vivo antitumor activity of both cytotoxic agents (cisplatin, paclitaxel, yondelis, oxaliplatin and 5-fluorouracile) and targeted agents (bevacizumab and lapatinib). These newly established mucinous PDXs do recapitulate mEOC and will be of value in the preclinical development of possible new therapeutic strategies for this tumor type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Ricci
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCSMilan 20156, Italy
| | - Federica Guffanti
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCSMilan 20156, Italy
| | - Roberta Affatato
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCSMilan 20156, Italy
| | - Laura Brunelli
- Protein and Gene Biomarkers Unit, Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCSMilan 20156, Italy
| | - Pastorelli Roberta
- Protein and Gene Biomarkers Unit, Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCSMilan 20156, Italy
| | - Robert Fruscio
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, San Gerardo Hospital, University of Milan BicoccaMonza 20900, Italy
| | - Patrizia Perego
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, San Gerardo HospitalMonza 20900, Italy
| | - Maria Rosa Bani
- Laboratory of Laboratory of Biology and Treatment of Metastasis, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCSMilan 20156, Italy
| | - Giovanna Chiorino
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Fondazione Edo and Elvo TempiaBiella, Italy
| | - Andrea Rinaldi
- Institute of Oncology Research, Università della Svizzera italianaBellinzona 6500, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Bertoni
- Institute of Oncology Research, Università della Svizzera italianaBellinzona 6500, Switzerland
| | - Maddalena Fratelli
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCSMilan 20156, Italy
| | - Giovanna Damia
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCSMilan 20156, Italy
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Mapelli SN, Albino D, Mello-Grand M, Shinde D, Scimeca M, Bonfiglio R, Bonanno E, Chiorino G, Garcia-Escudero R, Catapano CV, Carbone GM. A Novel Prostate Cell Type-Specific Gene Signature to Interrogate Prostate Tumor Differentiation Status and Monitor Therapeutic Response (Running Title: Phenotypic Classification of Prostate Tumors). Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12010176. [PMID: 31936761 PMCID: PMC7016595 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we extracted prostate cell-specific gene sets (metagenes) to define the epithelial differentiation status of prostate cancers and, using a deconvolution-based strategy, interrogated thousands of primary and metastatic tumors in public gene profiling datasets. We identified a subgroup of primary prostate tumors with low luminal epithelial enrichment (LumElow). LumElow tumors were associated with higher Gleason score and mutational burden, reduced relapse-free and overall survival, and were more likely to progress to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Using discriminant function analysis, we generate a predictive 10-gene classifier for clinical implementation. This mini-classifier predicted with high accuracy the luminal status in both primary tumors and CRPCs. Immunohistochemistry for COL4A1, a low-luminal marker, sustained the association of attenuated luminal phenotype with metastatic disease. We found also an association of LumE score with tumor phenotype in genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) of prostate cancer. Notably, the metagene approach led to the discovery of drugs that could revert the low luminal status in prostate cell lines and mouse models. This study describes a novel tool to dissect the intrinsic heterogeneity of prostate tumors and provide predictive information on clinical outcome and treatment response in experimental and clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah N. Mapelli
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland; (S.N.M.); (D.A.); (D.S.)
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Domenico Albino
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland; (S.N.M.); (D.A.); (D.S.)
| | - Maurizia Mello-Grand
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia Valenta, 13900 Biella, Italy; (M.M.-G.); (G.C.)
| | - Dheeraj Shinde
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland; (S.N.M.); (D.A.); (D.S.)
| | - Manuel Scimeca
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.S.); (R.B.); (E.B.)
| | - Rita Bonfiglio
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.S.); (R.B.); (E.B.)
| | - Elena Bonanno
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.S.); (R.B.); (E.B.)
| | - Giovanna Chiorino
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia Valenta, 13900 Biella, Italy; (M.M.-G.); (G.C.)
| | - Ramon Garcia-Escudero
- Molecular Oncology Unit, CIEMAT, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Biomedicine Research Institute, Hospital 12 octubre, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (R.G.-E.); (C.V.C.); (G.M.C.); Tel.: +41-918210074 (G.M.C.); Fax: +41-918200397 (G.M.C.)
| | - Carlo V. Catapano
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland; (S.N.M.); (D.A.); (D.S.)
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Correspondence: (R.G.-E.); (C.V.C.); (G.M.C.); Tel.: +41-918210074 (G.M.C.); Fax: +41-918200397 (G.M.C.)
| | - Giuseppina M. Carbone
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland; (S.N.M.); (D.A.); (D.S.)
- Correspondence: (R.G.-E.); (C.V.C.); (G.M.C.); Tel.: +41-918210074 (G.M.C.); Fax: +41-918200397 (G.M.C.)
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Zizza P, Dinami R, Porru M, Cingolani C, Salvati E, Rizzo A, D'Angelo C, Petti E, Amoreo CA, Mottolese M, Sperduti I, Chambery A, Russo R, Ostano P, Chiorino G, Blandino G, Sacconi A, Cherfils-Vicini J, Leonetti C, Gilson E, Biroccio A. TRF2 positively regulates SULF2 expression increasing VEGF-A release and activity in tumor microenvironment. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:3365-3382. [PMID: 30698737 PMCID: PMC6468246 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The telomeric protein TRF2 is overexpressed in several human malignancies and contributes to tumorigenesis even though the molecular mechanism is not completely understood. By using a high-throughput approach based on the multiplexed Luminex X-MAP technology, we demonstrated that TRF2 dramatically affects VEGF-A level in the secretome of cancer cells, promoting endothelial cell-differentiation and angiogenesis. The pro-angiogenic effect of TRF2 is independent from its role in telomere capping. Instead, TRF2 binding to a distal regulatory element promotes the expression of SULF2, an endoglucosamine-6-sulfatase that impairs the VEGF-A association to the plasma membrane by inducing post-synthetic modification of heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs). Finally, we addressed the clinical relevance of our findings showing that TRF2/SULF2 expression is a worse prognostic biomarker in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Zizza
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, Rome 00144, Italy
| | - Roberto Dinami
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, Rome 00144, Italy
| | - Manuela Porru
- SAFU, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, Rome 00144, Italy
| | - Chiara Cingolani
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, Rome 00144, Italy
| | - Erica Salvati
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, Rome 00144, Italy
| | - Angela Rizzo
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, Rome 00144, Italy
| | - Carmen D'Angelo
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, Rome 00144, Italy
| | - Eleonora Petti
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, Rome 00144, Italy
| | - Carla Azzurra Amoreo
- Pathology, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, Rome 00144, Italy
| | - Marcella Mottolese
- Pathology, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, Rome 00144, Italy
| | - Isabella Sperduti
- Department of Biostatistics Unit, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, Rome 00144, Italy
| | - Angela Chambery
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Università della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, via Vivaldi 43, 80100 Caserta
| | - Rosita Russo
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Università della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, via Vivaldi 43, 80100 Caserta
| | - Paola Ostano
- Cancer Genomics Lab, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, via Malta 3, 13900 Biella
| | - Giovanna Chiorino
- Cancer Genomics Lab, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, via Malta 3, 13900 Biella
| | - Giovanni Blandino
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, Rome 00144, Italy
| | - Andrea Sacconi
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, Rome 00144, Italy
| | - Julien Cherfils-Vicini
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS UMR 7284/INSERM U108, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN), Medical School, Nice, France
| | - Carlo Leonetti
- SAFU, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, Rome 00144, Italy
| | - Eric Gilson
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS UMR 7284/INSERM U108, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN), Medical School, Nice, France.,Department of Medical Genetics, Archet 2 Hospital, CHU of Nice, France
| | - Annamaria Biroccio
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, Rome 00144, Italy
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Ruffinatti F, Tapella L, Gregnanin I, Stevano A, Chiorino G, Canonico PL, Distasi C, Genazzani AA, Lim D. Transcriptional Remodeling in Primary Hippocampal Astrocytes from an Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model. Curr Alzheimer Res 2019; 15:986-1004. [PMID: 29895250 DOI: 10.2174/1567205015666180613113924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is well known that alterations in astrocytes occur in Alzheimer's disease and reactive astrogliosis is one of the hallmarks of the disease. Recently, data has emerged that suggests that alterations in astrocytes may also occur early in the pathogenesis of the disease. OBJECTIVE The aim of present work was to characterize the transcriptional alterations occurring in cultured astrocytes from 3xTg-AD mouse pups compared to control non-transgenic mice. Furthermore, we also compared these changes to those reported by others in astrocytes from symptomatic AD mice. METHOD We conducted a whole-genome microarray study on primary cultured astrocytes from the hippocampus of 3xTg-AD and non-transgenic mouse newborn pups. We used cross-platform normalization and an unsupervised hierarchical clustering algorithm to compare our results with other datasets of cultured or freshly isolated astrocytes, including those isolated from plaque-stage APPswe/PS1dE9 AD mice. RESULTS We found a set of 993 genes differentially expressed in 3xTg-AD as compared with non-Tg astrocytes. Over-represented gene ontology terms were related to calcium, cell-cell communication, mitochondria, transcription, nucleotide binding and phosphorylation. Of note, no genes related to inflammation were found in cultured 3xTg-AD astrocytes. Comparison with astrocytes isolated from plaque stage APPswe/PS1dE9 showed that 882 out of 993 genes were selectively changed in primary 3xTg-AD astrocytes while 50 genes were co-regulated and 61 were anti-regulated (regulated in the opposite direction in the datasets). CONCLUSION Our data show that in cultured astrocytes from an AD mouse model, transcriptional changes occur and are different from those reported in models mimicking later stages of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ruffinatti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universita del Piemonte Orientale, Via Bovio 6, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - L Tapella
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universita del Piemonte Orientale, Via Bovio 6, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - I Gregnanin
- Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, Via Malta, 3, 13900, Biella, Italy
| | - A Stevano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universita del Piemonte Orientale, Via Bovio 6, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - G Chiorino
- Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, Via Malta, 3, 13900, Biella, Italy
| | - P L Canonico
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universita del Piemonte Orientale, Via Bovio 6, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - C Distasi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universita del Piemonte Orientale, Via Bovio 6, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - A A Genazzani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universita del Piemonte Orientale, Via Bovio 6, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - D Lim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universita del Piemonte Orientale, Via Bovio 6, 28100, Novara, Italy
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Scatolini M, Grosso E, Mello-Grand M, Ostano P, Coppo R, Patel A, Vitiello M, Venesio T, Zaccagna A, Pisacane A, Sarotto I, Taverna D, Poliseno L, Chiorino G, Bergamaschi D. 476 GJB5 association with BRAF mutation and survival in cutaneous melanoma. J Invest Dermatol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.07.526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Marranci A, D'Aurizio R, Vencken S, Mero S, Guzzolino E, Rizzo M, Pitto L, Pellegrini M, Chiorino G, Greene CM, Poliseno L. Systematic evaluation of the microRNAome through miR-CATCHv2.0 identifies positive and negative regulators of BRAF-X1 mRNA. RNA Biol 2019; 16:865-878. [PMID: 30929607 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2019.1600934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we present miR-CATCHv2.0, an implemented experimental method that allows the identification of the microRNA species directly bound to an RNA of interest. After cross-linking of microRNA::RNA::Ago2 complexes using formaldehyde, the RNA is fragmented using sonication and then subjected to affinity purification using two sets of biotinylated tiling probes (ODD and EVEN). Finally, enriched microRNA species are retrieved by means of small RNA sequencing coupled with an ad hoc analytical workflow. In BRAFV600E mutant A375 melanoma cells, miR-CATCHv2.0 allowed us to identify 20 microRNAs that target X1, the most abundant isoform of BRAF mRNA. These microRNAs fall into different functional classes, according to the effect that they exert (decrease/increase in BRAFV600E mRNA and protein levels) and to the mechanism they use to achieve it (destabilization/stabilization of X1 mRNA or decrease/increase in its translation). microRNA-induced variations in BRAFV600E protein levels are most of the times coupled to consistent variations in pMEK levels, in melanoma cell proliferation in vitro and in sensitivity to the BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib in a xenograft model in zebrafish. However, microRNAs exist that uncouple the degree of activation of the ERK pathway from the levels of BRAFV600E protein. Our study proposes miR-CATCHv2.0 as an effective tool for the identification of direct microRNA-target interactions and, by using such a tool, unveils the complexity of the post-transcriptional regulation to which BRAFV600E and the ERK pathway are subjected in melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Marranci
- a Institute of Clinical Physiology , CNR , Pisa , Italy.,b Oncogenomics Unit, Core Research Laboratory , ISPRO , Pisa , Italy.,c Signal Transduction Unit, Core Research Laboratory , ISPRO , Siena , Italy
| | | | - Sebastian Vencken
- e Department of Clinical Microbiology , Royal College of Surgeon in Ireland , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Serena Mero
- a Institute of Clinical Physiology , CNR , Pisa , Italy.,b Oncogenomics Unit, Core Research Laboratory , ISPRO , Pisa , Italy
| | | | - Milena Rizzo
- a Institute of Clinical Physiology , CNR , Pisa , Italy
| | - Letizia Pitto
- a Institute of Clinical Physiology , CNR , Pisa , Italy
| | | | - Giovanna Chiorino
- f Cancer Genomics Lab , Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia , Biella , Italy
| | - Catherine M Greene
- e Department of Clinical Microbiology , Royal College of Surgeon in Ireland , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Laura Poliseno
- a Institute of Clinical Physiology , CNR , Pisa , Italy.,b Oncogenomics Unit, Core Research Laboratory , ISPRO , Pisa , Italy
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36
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Ferro R, Adamska A, Lattanzio R, Mavrommati I, Edling CE, Arifin SA, Fyffe CA, Sala G, Sacchetto L, Chiorino G, De Laurenzi V, Piantelli M, Sansom OJ, Maffucci T, Falasca M. GPR55 signalling promotes proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells and tumour growth in mice, and its inhibition increases effects of gemcitabine. Oncogene 2018; 37:6368-6382. [PMID: 30061636 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0390-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The life expectancy for pancreatic cancer patients has seen no substantial changes in the last 40 years as very few and mostly just palliative treatments are available. As the five years survival rate remains around 5%, the identification of novel pharmacological targets and development of new therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. Here we demonstrate that inhibition of the G protein-coupled receptor GPR55, using genetic and pharmacological approaches, reduces pancreatic cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo and we propose that this may represent a novel strategy to inhibit pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) progression. Specifically, we show that genetic ablation of Gpr55 in the KRASWT/G12D/TP53WT/R172H/Pdx1-Cre+/+ (KPC) mouse model of PDAC significantly prolonged survival. Importantly, KPC mice treated with a combination of the GPR55 antagonist Cannabidiol (CBD) and gemcitabine (GEM, one of the most used drugs to treat PDAC), survived nearly three times longer compared to mice treated with vehicle or GEM alone. Mechanistically, knockdown or pharmacologic inhibition of GPR55 reduced anchorage-dependent and independent growth, cell cycle progression, activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling and protein levels of ribonucleotide reductases in PDAC cells. Consistent with this, genetic ablation of Gpr55 reduced proliferation of tumour cells, MAPK signalling and ribonucleotide reductase M1 levels in KPC mice. Combination of CBD and GEM inhibited tumour cell proliferation in KPC mice and it opposed mechanisms involved in development of resistance to GEM in vitro and in vivo. Finally, we demonstrate that the tumour suppressor p53 regulates GPR55 protein expression through modulation of the microRNA miR34b-3p. Our results demonstrate the important role played by GPR55 downstream of p53 in PDAC progression. Moreover our data indicate that combination of CBD and GEM, both currently approved for medical use, might be tested in clinical trials as a novel promising treatment to improve PDAC patients' outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ferro
- Queen Mary University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Blizard Institute, Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, 4 Newark Street, London, E1 2AT, UK
| | - A Adamska
- Metabolic Signalling Group, School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, 6102, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - R Lattanzio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Orali e Biotecnologiche, University "G. d'Annunzio" di Chieti-Pescara, Centro Studi sull'Invecchiamento, CeSI-MeT, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - I Mavrommati
- Queen Mary University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Blizard Institute, Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, 4 Newark Street, London, E1 2AT, UK
| | - C E Edling
- Queen Mary University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Blizard Institute, Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, 4 Newark Street, London, E1 2AT, UK
| | - S A Arifin
- Queen Mary University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Blizard Institute, Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, 4 Newark Street, London, E1 2AT, UK
| | - C A Fyffe
- Queen Mary University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Blizard Institute, Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, 4 Newark Street, London, E1 2AT, UK
| | - G Sala
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Orali e Biotecnologiche, University "G. d'Annunzio" di Chieti-Pescara, Centro Studi sull'Invecchiamento, CeSI-MeT, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - L Sacchetto
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Fondazione Edo and Elvo Tempia, Biella, Italy
| | - G Chiorino
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Fondazione Edo and Elvo Tempia, Biella, Italy
| | - V De Laurenzi
- Metabolic Signalling Group, School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, 6102, Perth, WA, Australia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Orali e Biotecnologiche, University "G. d'Annunzio" di Chieti-Pescara, Centro Studi sull'Invecchiamento, CeSI-MeT, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - M Piantelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Orali e Biotecnologiche, University "G. d'Annunzio" di Chieti-Pescara, Centro Studi sull'Invecchiamento, CeSI-MeT, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - O J Sansom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - T Maffucci
- Queen Mary University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Blizard Institute, Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, 4 Newark Street, London, E1 2AT, UK
| | - M Falasca
- Queen Mary University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Blizard Institute, Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, 4 Newark Street, London, E1 2AT, UK.
- Metabolic Signalling Group, School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, 6102, Perth, WA, Australia.
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37
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Mello-Grand M, Gregnanin I, Sacchetto L, Ostano P, Zitella A, Bottoni G, Oderda M, Marra G, Munegato S, Pardini B, Naccarati A, Gasparini M, Gontero P, Chiorino G. Circulating microRNAs combined with PSA for accurate and non-invasive prostate cancer detection. Carcinogenesis 2018; 40:246-253. [DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgy167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maurizia Mello-Grand
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, via Malta, Biella, Italy
| | - Ilaria Gregnanin
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, via Malta, Biella, Italy
| | - Lidia Sacchetto
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, Torino, Italy
- Department of Mathematics, University of Torino, via Carlo Alberto, Torino, Italy
| | - Paola Ostano
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, via Malta, Biella, Italy
| | - Andrea Zitella
- Department of Urology, San Giovanni Battista Hospital of Torino, Corso Bramante, Torino, Italy
| | - Giulia Bottoni
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Chemin des Boveresses, Epalinges, Switzerland
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Marco Oderda
- Department of Urology, Ospedale San Lazzaro, Via Pierino Belli, Alba CN, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Marra
- Department of Urology, San Giovanni Battista Hospital of Torino, Corso Bramante, Torino, Italy
| | - Stefania Munegato
- Department of Urology, San Giovanni Battista Hospital of Torino, Corso Bramante, Torino, Italy
| | - Barbara Pardini
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), via Nizza, Torino, Italy
| | - Alessio Naccarati
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), via Nizza, Torino, Italy
| | - Mauro Gasparini
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, Torino, Italy
| | - Paolo Gontero
- Department of Urology, San Giovanni Battista Hospital of Torino, Corso Bramante, Torino, Italy
| | - Giovanna Chiorino
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, via Malta, Biella, Italy
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38
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Lubrano S, Comelli L, Piccirilli C, Marranci A, Dapporto F, Tantillo E, Gemignani F, Gutkind JS, Salvetti A, Chiorino G, Cozza G, Chiariello M, Galli A, Poliseno L, Cervelli T. Development of a yeast-based system to identify new hBRAFV600E functional interactors. Oncogene 2018; 38:1355-1366. [PMID: 30237439 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0496-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BRAFV600E is a mutant Ser-Thr protein kinase that plays a crucial role in many types of cancer, including melanoma. Despite several aspects of BRAFV600E biology have been already elucidated, the proteins that regulate its expression and activity remain largely unknown, hampering our capacity to control its unrestrained effects. Here, we propose yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model system that can be used to achieve a better understanding of the regulation of human BRAFV600E.By showing that in osmotic stress conditions hBRAFV600E can rescue the growth of strains carrying a double or triple deletion in MAPKKK belonging to the HOG pathway, we demonstrate that this oncogenic kinase is active in yeast even if it does not have an ortholog. Moreover, we report that, in the yeast ptp3∆ptc1∆ strain that is deleted in the genes encoding for two phosphatases responsible for Hog1 de-phoshorylation, hBRAFV600E mimics the toxicity observed in the presence of constitutive Hog1 activation. Finally, we exploit such a toxicity to perform a functional screening of a human cDNA library, looking for cDNAs able to rescue yeast growth. In this way, we identify SMIM10, a mitochondrial protein that in melanoma cells selectively downregulates BRAFV600E RNA and protein levels, by acting indirectly at the post-transcriptional level. Upon SMIM10 overexpression, BRAFV600E melanoma cells show disrupted mitochondrial structure/function and undergo senescence. They also show decreased ability to proliferate and form colonies, as well as increased sensitivity to the BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib. Interestingly, the analysis of TCGA melanoma samples indicates that patients with higher SMIM10 levels have a better prognosis. Therefore, these data suggest that SMIM10 exerts an oncosuppressive role in melanoma cells.Taken together, our results unveil the potential of S. cerevisiae to study hBRAFV600E, to populate the network of its functional interactors and, in doing so, to uncover new cancer-associated genes with therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Lubrano
- Oncogenomics Unit, Core Research Laboratory, ISPRO, Pisa, Italy.,Institute of Clinical Physiology, IFC-CNR, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Laura Comelli
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, IFC-CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Marranci
- Oncogenomics Unit, Core Research Laboratory, ISPRO, Pisa, Italy.,Institute of Clinical Physiology, IFC-CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Elena Tantillo
- Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy.,FPS-Pisa Science Foundation, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - J Silvio Gutkind
- Department of Pharmacology, UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alessandra Salvetti
- Unit of Experimental Biology and Genetics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanna Chiorino
- Lab of Cancer Genomics, Fondazione Edo and Elvo Tempia, Biella, Italy
| | - Giorgio Cozza
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Mario Chiariello
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, IFC-CNR, Pisa, Italy.,Signal Transduction Unit, Core Research Laboratory, ISPRO, Siena, Italy
| | - Alvaro Galli
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, IFC-CNR, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Laura Poliseno
- Oncogenomics Unit, Core Research Laboratory, ISPRO, Pisa, Italy. .,Institute of Clinical Physiology, IFC-CNR, Pisa, Italy.
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39
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Bono B, Ostano P, Peritore M, Gregnanin I, Belgiovine C, Liguori M, Allavena P, Chiorino G, Chiodi I, Mondello C. Cells with stemness features are generated from in vitro transformed human fibroblasts. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13838. [PMID: 30218041 PMCID: PMC6138721 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32197-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been involved in the maintenance, progression and relapse of several tumors, but their origin is still elusive. Here, in vitro transformed human fibroblasts (cen3tel cells) and the tumorsphere assay were used to search for and possibly characterize CSCs in transformed somatic cells. Cen3tel cells formed spheres showing self-renewal capacity and Sox2 overexpression, suggesting that they contained a subset of cells with CSC-like features. Sphere cells displayed deregulation of a c-MYC/miR-34a circuitry, likely associated with cell protection from apoptosis. Gene expression profiles of sphere cells revealed an extensive transcriptional reprogramming. Genes up-regulated in tumorspheres identified processes related to tumorigenesis and stemness, as cholesterol biosynthesis, apoptosis suppression, interferon and cytokine mediated signalling pathways. Sphere cells engrafted into NSG mice more rapidly than adherent cells, but both cell populations were tumorigenic. These results indicate that, during transformation, human somatic cells can acquire CSC properties, confirming the high plasticity of tumor cells. However, CSC-like cells are not the only tumorigenic population in transformed cells, indicating that the CSC phenotype and tumorigenicity can be uncoupled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartolo Bono
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, CNR, Via Abbiategrasso, 207, 27100, Pavia, Italy.,Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Pavia University, via Ferrata 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Paola Ostano
- "Cancer Genomics Laboratory" Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia Valenta, Via Malta, 3, 13900, Biella, Italy
| | - Martina Peritore
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, CNR, Via Abbiategrasso, 207, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Ilaria Gregnanin
- "Cancer Genomics Laboratory" Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia Valenta, Via Malta, 3, 13900, Biella, Italy
| | - Cristina Belgiovine
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini, 20090, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | - Manuela Liguori
- IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Allavena
- IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanna Chiorino
- "Cancer Genomics Laboratory" Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia Valenta, Via Malta, 3, 13900, Biella, Italy
| | - Ilaria Chiodi
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, CNR, Via Abbiategrasso, 207, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Chiara Mondello
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, CNR, Via Abbiategrasso, 207, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
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40
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Peraldo-Neia C, Ostano P, Cavalloni G, Pignochino Y, Sangiolo D, De Cecco L, Marchesi E, Ribero D, Scarpa A, De Rose AM, Giuliani A, Calise F, Raggi C, Invernizzi P, Aglietta M, Chiorino G, Leone F. Transcriptomic analysis and mutational status of IDH1 in paired primary-recurrent intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:440. [PMID: 29871612 PMCID: PMC5989353 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4829-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Effective target therapies for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) have not been identified so far. One of the reasons may be the genetic evolution from primary (PR) to recurrent (REC) tumors. We aim to identify peculiar characteristics and to select potential targets specific for recurrent tumors. Eighteen ICC paired PR and REC tumors were collected from 5 Italian Centers. Eleven pairs were analyzed for gene expression profiling and 16 for mutational status of IDH1. For one pair, deep mutational analysis by Next Generation Sequencing was also carried out. An independent cohort of patients was used for validation. Results Two class-paired comparison yielded 315 differentially expressed genes between REC and PR tumors. Up-regulated genes in RECs are involved in RNA/DNA processing, cell cycle, epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), resistance to apoptosis, and cytoskeleton remodeling. Down-regulated genes participate to epithelial cell differentiation, proteolysis, apoptotic, immune response, and inflammatory processes. A 24 gene signature is able to discriminate RECs from PRs in an independent cohort; FANCG is statistically associated with survival in the chol-TCGA dataset. IDH1 was mutated in the RECs of five patients; 4 of them displayed the mutation only in RECs. Deep sequencing performed in one patient confirmed the IDH1 mutation in REC. Conclusions RECs are enriched for genes involved in EMT, resistance to apoptosis, and cytoskeleton remodeling. Key players of these pathways might be considered druggable targets in RECs. IDH1 is mutated in 30% of RECs, becoming both a marker of progression and a target for therapy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-4829-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Peraldo-Neia
- Medical Oncology Division, Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO, IRCCS, Str. Prov. 142, km 3.95, 10060, Candiolo, Turin, Italy. .,Cancer Genomics Lab, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia Valenta, Biella, Italy.
| | - P Ostano
- Cancer Genomics Lab, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia Valenta, Biella, Italy
| | - G Cavalloni
- Medical Oncology Division, Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO, IRCCS, Str. Prov. 142, km 3.95, 10060, Candiolo, Turin, Italy
| | - Y Pignochino
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - D Sangiolo
- Medical Oncology Division, Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO, IRCCS, Str. Prov. 142, km 3.95, 10060, Candiolo, Turin, Italy.,Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - L De Cecco
- Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics, Department of Applied Research and Technology Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - E Marchesi
- Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics, Department of Applied Research and Technology Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - D Ribero
- Division of Hepatobilio-Pancreatic and Colorectal Surgery, Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO, IRCCS, Str. Prov. 142, km 3.95, Candiolo, Italy
| | - A Scarpa
- ARC-Net Research Centre and Department of Diagnostics and Public Health - Section of Pathology, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - A M De Rose
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Unit, Gemelli Hospital, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - A Giuliani
- Department of Health's Sciences and Medicine "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - F Calise
- Hepatobiliary and Liver Transplant Unit, Cardarelli Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - C Raggi
- Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy.,Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - P Invernizzi
- Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy.,UOC di Gastroenterologia, Azienda Ospedaliera San Gerardo, Monza, Italy
| | - M Aglietta
- Medical Oncology Division, Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO, IRCCS, Str. Prov. 142, km 3.95, 10060, Candiolo, Turin, Italy.,Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - G Chiorino
- Cancer Genomics Lab, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia Valenta, Biella, Italy
| | - F Leone
- Medical Oncology Division, Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO, IRCCS, Str. Prov. 142, km 3.95, 10060, Candiolo, Turin, Italy. .,Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Torino, Italy.
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41
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Vitiello M, Tuccoli A, D'Aurizio R, Sarti S, Giannecchini L, Lubrano S, Marranci A, Evangelista M, Peppicelli S, Ippolito C, Barravecchia I, Guzzolino E, Montagnani V, Gowen M, Mercoledi E, Mercatanti A, Comelli L, Gurrieri S, Wu LW, Ope O, Flaherty K, Boland GM, Hammond MR, Kwong L, Chiariello M, Stecca B, Zhang G, Salvetti A, Angeloni D, Pitto L, Calorini L, Chiorino G, Pellegrini M, Herlyn M, Osman I, Poliseno L. Context-dependent miR-204 and miR-211 affect the biological properties of amelanotic and melanotic melanoma cells. Oncotarget 2018; 8:25395-25417. [PMID: 28445987 PMCID: PMC5421939 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite increasing amounts of experimental evidence depicting the involvement of non-coding RNAs in cancer, the study of BRAFV600E-regulated genes has thus far focused mainly on protein-coding ones. Here, we identify and study the microRNAs that BRAFV600E regulates through the ERK pathway. By performing small RNA sequencing on A375 melanoma cells and a vemurafenib-resistant clone that was taken as negative control, we discover miR-204 and miR-211 as the miRNAs most induced by vemurafenib. We also demonstrate that, although belonging to the same family, these two miRNAs have distinctive features. miR-204 is under the control of STAT3 and its expression is induced in amelanotic melanoma cells, where it acts as an effector of vemurafenib's anti-motility activity by targeting AP1S2. Conversely, miR-211, a known transcriptional target of MITF, is induced in melanotic melanoma cells, where it targets EDEM1 and consequently impairs the degradation of TYROSINASE (TYR) through the ER-associated degradation (ERAD) pathway. In doing so, miR-211 serves as an effector of vemurafenib's pro-pigmentation activity. We also show that such an increase in pigmentation in turn represents an adaptive response that needs to be overcome using appropriate inhibitors in order to increase the efficacy of vemurafenib. In summary, we unveil the distinct and context-dependent activities exerted by miR-204 family members in melanoma cells. Our work challenges the widely accepted “same miRNA family = same function” rule and provides a rationale for a novel treatment strategy for melanotic melanomas that is based on the combination of ERK pathway inhibitors with pigmentation inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Vitiello
- Oncogenomics Unit, Core Research Laboratory, Istituto Toscano Tumori (ITT), AOUP, Pisa, Italy.,Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Tuccoli
- Oncogenomics Unit, Core Research Laboratory, Istituto Toscano Tumori (ITT), AOUP, Pisa, Italy
| | - Romina D'Aurizio
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Medicine (LISM), Institute of Informatics and Telematics (IIT), CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | - Samanta Sarti
- Oncogenomics Unit, Core Research Laboratory, Istituto Toscano Tumori (ITT), AOUP, Pisa, Italy.,University of Siena, Italy
| | - Laura Giannecchini
- Oncogenomics Unit, Core Research Laboratory, Istituto Toscano Tumori (ITT), AOUP, Pisa, Italy
| | - Simone Lubrano
- Oncogenomics Unit, Core Research Laboratory, Istituto Toscano Tumori (ITT), AOUP, Pisa, Italy.,University of Siena, Italy
| | - Andrea Marranci
- Oncogenomics Unit, Core Research Laboratory, Istituto Toscano Tumori (ITT), AOUP, Pisa, Italy.,University of Siena, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Peppicelli
- Section of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Firenze, Italy
| | - Chiara Ippolito
- Unit of Histology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Valentina Montagnani
- Tumor Cell Biology Unit, Core Research Laboratory, Istituto Toscano Tumori (ITT), AOUC, Firenze, Italy
| | | | - Elisa Mercoledi
- Oncogenomics Unit, Core Research Laboratory, Istituto Toscano Tumori (ITT), AOUP, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Laura Comelli
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | - Salvatore Gurrieri
- Oncogenomics Unit, Core Research Laboratory, Istituto Toscano Tumori (ITT), AOUP, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mario Chiariello
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), CNR, Pisa, Italy.,Signal Transduction Unit, Core Research Laboratory, Istituto Toscano Tumori (ITT), AOUS, Siena, Italy
| | - Barbara Stecca
- Tumor Cell Biology Unit, Core Research Laboratory, Istituto Toscano Tumori (ITT), AOUC, Firenze, Italy
| | - Gao Zhang
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alessandra Salvetti
- Unit of Experimental Biology and Genetics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Letizia Pitto
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lido Calorini
- Section of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Firenze, Italy
| | | | - Marco Pellegrini
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Medicine (LISM), Institute of Informatics and Telematics (IIT), CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Laura Poliseno
- Oncogenomics Unit, Core Research Laboratory, Istituto Toscano Tumori (ITT), AOUP, Pisa, Italy.,Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), CNR, Pisa, Italy
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42
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Jachetti E, Cancila V, Rigoni A, Bongiovanni L, Cappetti B, Belmonte B, Enriquez C, Casalini P, Ostano P, Frossi B, Sangaletti S, Chiodoni C, Chiorino G, Pucillo CE, Tripodo C, Colombo MP. Cross-Talk between Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells and Mast Cells Mediates Tumor-Specific Immunosuppression in Prostate Cancer. Cancer Immunol Res 2018. [PMID: 29523597 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-17-0385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy, including the use of checkpoint inhibitors, is a potent therapeutic approach for some cancers, but has limited success with prostate tumors, in which immune suppression is instigated by the tumor. The immunosuppressive capacity of mast cells, which promote adenocarcinoma development in the prostate, prompted our investigation on whether mast cells promote tolerance to SV40 Large-T antigen, the transforming oncogene in transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) mice. The incidence of adenocarcinoma was reduced in the offspring of a cross between TRAMP mice and mast cell-deficient KitWsh mice. TRAMP mice are tolerant to the SV40 Large T antigen, which is otherwise immunogenic in normal syngeneic B6 mice. Genetic ablation of mast cells in TRAMP mice restored their ability to mount a tumor-specific cytotoxic T-cell response. In KitWsh-TRAMP mice, the restored T-cell immunity correlated with the reduced activity of polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells (PMN-MDSC), along with their reduced expression of Arg1, Nos2, and Stat3 Having found that CD40L-expressing mast cells can interact in vivo with CD40-expressing PMN-MDSC, we then determined that only KitWsh-TRAMP mice reconstituted with mast cells expressing CD40L could restore PMN-MDSCs suppressive functions, T-cell unresponsiveness and adenocarcinoma development. Thus, mast cells have an immunoregulatory effect on PMN-MDSCs activity through CD40L-CD40 interaction, favoring immunosuppression and tumor onset. In prostate cancer patients, in silico analyses correlated poor clinical outcomes with high expression of genes related to mast cells and PMN-MDSCs. Cancer Immunol Res; 6(5); 552-65. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Jachetti
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Cancila
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alice Rigoni
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Bongiovanni
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Barbara Cappetti
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Beatrice Belmonte
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Claudia Enriquez
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Casalini
- Molecular Targeting Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Barbara Frossi
- Department of Medical and Biological Science, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Sabina Sangaletti
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Chiodoni
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Carlo E Pucillo
- Department of Medical and Biological Science, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Claudio Tripodo
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Mario P Colombo
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
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Peraldo Neia C, Cavalloni G, Chiorino G, Ostano P, Aglietta M, Leone F. Gene and microRNA modulation upon trabectedin treatment in a human intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma paired patient derived xenograft and cell line. Oncotarget 2018; 7:86766-86780. [PMID: 27902465 PMCID: PMC5349952 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is an aggressive and lethal malignancy with limited therapeutic options. Trabectedin has a high antitumor activity in preclinical models of biliary tract carcinoma (BTC), being a promising alternative treatment. Here, we studied the effect of trabectedin at transcriptomic level on an ICC patient derived xenograft (PDX) and on the derived cell line, MT-CHC01. Further, putative targets of trabectedin were explored in the in vitro model. In vitro, trabectedin inhibited genes involved in protein modification, neurogenesis, migration, and motility; it induced the expression of genes involved in keratinization, tissues development, and apoptotic processes. In the PDX model, trabectedin affected ECM-receptor interaction, focal adhesion, complement and coagulation cascades, Hedgehog, MAPK, EGFR signaling via PIP3 pathway, and apoptosis. Among down-regulated genes, we selected SYK and LGALS1; their silencing caused a significantly reduction of migration, but did not affect proliferation in in vitro models. In MT-CHC01 cells, 24 microRNAs were deregulated upon drug treatment, while only 5 microRNAs were perturbed by trabectedin in PDX. The target prediction analysis showed that SYK and LGALS1 are putative targets of up-regulated microRNAs. In conclusion, we described that trabectedin affected genes and microRNAs involved in tumor progression and metastatic processes, reflecting data previously obtained at macroscopically level; in particular, we identified SYK and LGALS1 as new putative targets of trabectedin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Peraldo Neia
- University of Turin Medical School, Department of Oncology, IRCCS-Institute Candiolo, Italy
| | - Giuliana Cavalloni
- Medical Oncology Division, Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia (FPO), IRCCS-Institute Candiolo, Italy
| | - Giovanna Chiorino
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia Valenta, Biella, Italy
| | - Paola Ostano
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia Valenta, Biella, Italy
| | - Massimo Aglietta
- University of Turin Medical School, Department of Oncology, IRCCS-Institute Candiolo, Italy.,Medical Oncology Division, Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia (FPO), IRCCS-Institute Candiolo, Italy
| | - Francesco Leone
- University of Turin Medical School, Department of Oncology, IRCCS-Institute Candiolo, Italy.,Medical Oncology Division, Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia (FPO), IRCCS-Institute Candiolo, Italy
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44
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Benfodda M, Gazal S, Descamps V, Basset-Seguin N, Deschamps L, Thomas L, Lebbe C, Saiag P, Zanetti R, Sacchetto L, Chiorino G, Scatolini M, Grandchamp B, Bensussan A, Soufir N. Truncating mutations of TP53AIP1 gene predispose to cutaneous melanoma. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2018; 57:294-303. [PMID: 29359367 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic predisposition to cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) involves highly penetrant predisposing genes and low and intermediate penetrant predisposing alleles. However, the missing heritability in (CMM) is still high. For such and in order to identify new genetic factors for CMM, we conducted an exome sequencing study in high-risk CMM patients. Two rounds of exome sequencing were successively performed in 33 and 27 high-risk patients. We focused on genes carrying rare nonsense, frameshift, and splice variants (allelic frequency <1%) that were present in both series of exomes. An extension study was then conducted in a large cohort (1 079 CMM patients and 1 230 Caucasian ethnically matched healthy controls), and the inactivating variants frequency was compared between groups using two-sided Fisher exact test. Two TP53AIP1 truncating mutations were identified in four patients: a frameshift c.63_64insG, p.Q22Afs*81 in two patients from the same family and in the proband of a second family; and a nonsense mutation c.95 C > A, p.Ser32Stop in a patient with multiple CMMs. In all patients, TP53AIP1 truncating variants were strongly associated with CMM risk (two-sided Fisher exact test = 0.004, OR = 3.3[1.3-8.5]). Additionally, we showed that TP53AIP1 mRNA was strongly down-regulated throughout different phases of melanoma progression. TP53AIP1 gene is a TP53 target which plays a key role by inducting apoptosis in response to UV-induced DNA damage. Constitutional mutations of TP53AIP1 had previously been involved in susceptibility to prostate cancer. Our results show that constitutional truncating TP53AIP1 mutations predispose to CMM in the French population. Replication studies in other populations should be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriem Benfodda
- INSERM U976, Centre de Recherche sur la Peau, Hôpital Saint Louis, 75010, Paris, France.,Département de Génétique, Hôpital Bichat Claude Bernard, APHP, 75018, Paris, France
| | - Steven Gazal
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75005, Paris, France.,UMR S 738, Faculté de Médecine Xavier Bichat, 75018, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Descamps
- INSERM U976, Centre de Recherche sur la Peau, Hôpital Saint Louis, 75010, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75005, Paris, France.,Département de Dermatologie, Hôpital Bichat Claude Bernard, APHP, 75018, Paris, France
| | - Nicole Basset-Seguin
- INSERM U976, Centre de Recherche sur la Peau, Hôpital Saint Louis, 75010, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75005, Paris, France.,Département de Dermatologie, Hôpital Saint Louis, APHP, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Lydia Deschamps
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75005, Paris, France.,Département d'Anatomie Pathologique, Hôpital Bichat Claude Bernard, APHP, 75018, Paris, France
| | - Luc Thomas
- Département de Dermatologie, Hôpital de l'Hôtel-Dieu, 69002, Lyon, France
| | - Celeste Lebbe
- INSERM U976, Centre de Recherche sur la Peau, Hôpital Saint Louis, 75010, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75005, Paris, France.,Département de Dermatologie, Hôpital Saint Louis, APHP, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Saiag
- Département de Dermatologie, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, APHP, 92100, Boulogne Billancourt, France
| | - Roberto Zanetti
- Centre for Cancer Prevention, Piedmont Cancer Registry-CPO, Torino, Italy
| | - Lidia Sacchetto
- Centre for Cancer Prevention, Piedmont Cancer Registry-CPO, Torino, Italy.,Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy.,Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy.,Department of Mathematical Sciences, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Giovanna Chiorino
- Centre for Cancer Prevention, Piedmont Cancer Registry-CPO, Torino, Italy
| | - Maria Scatolini
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, Biella, Italy
| | - Bernard Grandchamp
- Département de Génétique, Hôpital Bichat Claude Bernard, APHP, 75018, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Armand Bensussan
- INSERM U976, Centre de Recherche sur la Peau, Hôpital Saint Louis, 75010, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Nadem Soufir
- INSERM U976, Centre de Recherche sur la Peau, Hôpital Saint Louis, 75010, Paris, France.,Département de Génétique, Hôpital Bichat Claude Bernard, APHP, 75018, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75005, Paris, France
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45
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Cavalloni G, Peraldo-Neia C, Varamo C, Chiorino G, Sassi F, Aglietta M, Leone F. Preclinical activity of EGFR and MEK1/2 inhibitors in the treatment of biliary tract carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:52354-52363. [PMID: 27429047 PMCID: PMC5239557 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Biliary tract carcinomas (BTC) are malignant tumors with limited therapeutic options. Clinical experiences with anti-EGFR therapies have produced unsatisfactory results. The strategies of combined inhibition of EGFR and MEK1/2 could be a promising therapeutic option in BTC treatment. Preclinical activity of Panitumumab and Trametinib was tested in in vitro (EGI-1, MT-CHC01 and WITT cells) and in in vivo (xenograft) BTC models with different K-RAS mutational status. Trametinib reduced MAPK phosphorylation in wild type (WT) WITT cells and in both K-RAS mutated cells; in EGI-1 was also able to switch off EGFR activation. Panitumumab reduced the activation of its target only in EGI-1 cells, and of MAPK only in WITT cells. While Trametinib inhibited cell growth in K-RAS mutated cell lines, Panitumumab had no effect on proliferation independently by K-RAS status. The addition of Panitumumab to Trametinib did not significantly potentiate its anti-proliferative effect also in mutated cells. In vivo, Trametinib was able to significantly slow the tumor growth in K-RAS mutated xenograft models, but did not have effect on K-RAS WT cells; the addition of Panitumumab potentiated the Trametinib efficacy in MT-CHC01 and overcame the resistance to the anti-EGFR in WITT cells, in which the monotherapy was ineffective. Only in K-RAS mutated xenografts Trametinib alone or in combination with Panitumumab significantly decreased Ki67 positive cell fraction and CD31 angiogenesis markers. In conclusion, this preclinical study provides a rational to plan clinical trials assessing the efficacy of Trametinib in K-RAS mutated BTC patients and the combination with anti-EGFR in WT BTC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Cavalloni
- Medical Oncology Division, Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia (FPO), Candiolo Cancer Institute IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Caterina Peraldo-Neia
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Candiolo Cancer Institute IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Chiara Varamo
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Candiolo Cancer Institute IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Giovanna Chiorino
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia Valenta, Biella, Italy
| | - Francesco Sassi
- Unit of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Turin Medical School, Candiolo Cancer Institute IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Massimo Aglietta
- Medical Oncology Division, Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia (FPO), Candiolo Cancer Institute IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy.,Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Candiolo Cancer Institute IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Francesco Leone
- Medical Oncology Division, Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia (FPO), Candiolo Cancer Institute IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy.,Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Candiolo Cancer Institute IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
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Giordano L, Gallo F, Petracci E, Chiorino G, Segnan N. The ANDROMEDA prospective cohort study: predictive value of combined criteria to tailor breast cancer screening and new opportunities from circulating markers: study protocol. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:785. [PMID: 29166878 PMCID: PMC5700540 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3784-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In recent years growing interest has been posed on alternative ways to screen women for breast cancer involving different imaging techniques or adjusting screening interval by breast cancer risk estimates. A new research area is studying circulating microRNAs as molecular biomarkers potentially useful for non invasive early detection together with the analysis of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The Andromeda study is a prospective cohort study on women attending breast cancer screening in a northern Italian area. The aims of the study are: 1) to define appropriate women risk-based stratifications for personalized screening considering different factors (reproductive, family and biopsy history, breast density, lifestyle habits); 2) to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of selected circulating microRNAs in a case-control study nested within the above mentioned cohort. Methods About 21,000 women aged 46–67 years compliant to screening mammography are expected to be enrolled. At enrolment, information on well-known breast cancer risk factors and life-styles habits are collected through self-admistered questionnaires. Information on breast density and anthropometric measurements (height, weight, body composition, and waist circumference) are recorded. In addition, women are requested to provide a blood sample for serum, plasma and buffy-coat storing for subsequent molecular analyses within the nested case-control study. This investigation will be performed on approximately 233 cases (screen-detected) and 699 matched controls to evaluate SNPs and circulating microRNAs. The whole study will last three years and the cohort will be followed up for ten years to observe the onset of new breast cancer cases. Discussion Nowadays women undergo the same screening protocol, independently of their breast density and their individual risk to develop breast cancer. New criteria to better stratify women in risk groups could enable the screening strategies to target high-risk women while reducing interventions in those at low-risk. In this frame the present study will contribute in identifying the feasibility and impact of implementing personalized breast cancer screening. Trial registration NCT02618538 (retrospectively registered on 27–11-2015.) Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-017-3784-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Giordano
- Centre for Cancer Prevention (CPO Piemonte), Unit of Epidemiology and Screening, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza of Turin, Via Cavour 31, 10123, Turin, Italy.
| | - Federica Gallo
- Centre for Cancer Prevention (CPO Piemonte), Unit of Epidemiology and Screening, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza of Turin, Via Cavour 31, 10123, Turin, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Petracci
- Unity of Biostatistics and Clinical Trials, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e Cura dei Tumori, IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | | | - Nereo Segnan
- Centre for Cancer Prevention (CPO Piemonte), Unit of Epidemiology and Screening, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza of Turin, Via Cavour 31, 10123, Turin, Italy
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Ferraresi A, Titone R, Follo C, Castiglioni A, Chiorino G, Dhanasekaran DN, Isidoro C. The protein restriction mimetic Resveratrol is an autophagy inducer stronger than amino acid starvation in ovarian cancer cells. Mol Carcinog 2017; 56:2681-2691. [PMID: 28856729 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The potential benefit of nutrient starvation in the prevention and treatment of cancer is presently under consideration. Resveratrol (RV), a dietary polyphenol acting as a protein (caloric) restriction mimetic, could substitute for amino acid starvation. The effects of starvation and of caloric restriction are mediated, among others, by autophagy, a process that contributes to cell homeostasis by promoting the lysosomal degradation of damaged and redundant self-constituents. Up-regulation of autophagy favors cell survival under nutrient shortage situation, and may drive cancer cells into a non-replicative, dormant state. Both RV and amino acid starvation effectively induced the aminoacid response and autophagy. These processes were associated with inhibition of the mTOR pathway and disruption of the BECLIN1-BCL-2 complex. The number of transcripts positively impinging on the autophagy pathway was higher in RV-treated than in starved cancer cells. Consistent with our data, it appears that RV treatment is more effective than and can substitute for starvation for inducing autophagy in cancer cells. The present findings are clinically relevant because of the potential therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Ferraresi
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Novara, Italy
| | - Rossella Titone
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Novara, Italy
| | - Carlo Follo
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Novara, Italy
| | - Andrea Castiglioni
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Novara, Italy
| | - Giovanna Chiorino
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, Biella, Italy
| | - Danny N Dhanasekaran
- Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Ciro Isidoro
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Novara, Italy
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48
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Pisignano G, Napoli S, Magistri M, Mapelli SN, Pastori C, Di Marco S, Civenni G, Albino D, Enriquez C, Allegrini S, Mitra A, D'Ambrosio G, Mello-Grand M, Chiorino G, Garcia-Escudero R, Varani G, Carbone GM, Catapano CV. A promoter-proximal transcript targeted by genetic polymorphism controls E-cadherin silencing in human cancers. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15622. [PMID: 28555645 PMCID: PMC5459991 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs are emerging players in the epigenetic machinery with key roles in development and diseases. Here we uncover a complex network comprising a promoter-associated noncoding RNA (paRNA), microRNA and epigenetic regulators that controls transcription of the tumour suppressor E-cadherin in epithelial cancers. E-cadherin silencing relies on the formation of a complex between the paRNA and microRNA-guided Argonaute 1 that, together, recruit SUV39H1 and induce repressive chromatin modifications in the gene promoter. A single nucleotide polymorphism (rs16260) linked to increased cancer risk alters the secondary structure of the paRNA, with the risk allele facilitating the assembly of the microRNA-guided Argonaute 1 complex and gene silencing. Collectively, these data demonstrate the role of a paRNA in E-cadherin regulation and the impact of a noncoding genetic variant on its function. Deregulation of paRNA-based epigenetic networks may contribute to cancer and other diseases making them promising targets for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Pisignano
- Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapeutics Program, Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), and Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), Bellinzona 6500, Switzerland
| | - Sara Napoli
- Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapeutics Program, Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), and Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), Bellinzona 6500, Switzerland
| | - Marco Magistri
- Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapeutics Program, Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), and Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), Bellinzona 6500, Switzerland
| | - Sarah N Mapelli
- Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapeutics Program, Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), and Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), Bellinzona 6500, Switzerland
| | - Chiara Pastori
- Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapeutics Program, Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), and Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), Bellinzona 6500, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Di Marco
- Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapeutics Program, Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), and Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), Bellinzona 6500, Switzerland
| | - Gianluca Civenni
- Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapeutics Program, Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), and Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), Bellinzona 6500, Switzerland
| | - Domenico Albino
- Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapeutics Program, Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), and Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), Bellinzona 6500, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Enriquez
- Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapeutics Program, Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), and Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), Bellinzona 6500, Switzerland
| | - Sara Allegrini
- Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapeutics Program, Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), and Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), Bellinzona 6500, Switzerland
| | - Abhishek Mitra
- Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapeutics Program, Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), and Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), Bellinzona 6500, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Giovanna Chiorino
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, Fondo Edo Tempia, Biella 13900, Italy
| | - Ramon Garcia-Escudero
- Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapeutics Program, Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), and Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), Bellinzona 6500, Switzerland.,Molecular Oncology Unit, CIEMAT and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Gabriele Varani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, USA
| | - Giuseppina M Carbone
- Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapeutics Program, Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), and Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), Bellinzona 6500, Switzerland
| | - Carlo V Catapano
- Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapeutics Program, Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), and Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), Bellinzona 6500, Switzerland.,Department of Oncology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1066, Switzerland
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Pignochino Y, Capozzi F, D'Ambrosio L, Dell'Aglio C, Basiricò M, Canta M, Lorenzato A, Vignolo Lutati F, Aliberti S, Palesandro E, Boccone P, Galizia D, Miano S, Chiabotto G, Napione L, Gammaitoni L, Sangiolo D, Benassi MS, Pasini B, Chiorino G, Aglietta M, Grignani G. PARP1 expression drives the synergistic antitumor activity of trabectedin and PARP1 inhibitors in sarcoma preclinical models. Mol Cancer 2017; 16:86. [PMID: 28454547 PMCID: PMC5410089 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-017-0652-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Enhancing the antitumor activity of the DNA-damaging drugs is an attractive strategy to improve current treatment options. Trabectedin is an isoquinoline alkylating agent with a peculiar mechanism of action. It binds to minor groove of DNA inducing single- and double-strand-breaks. These kinds of damage lead to the activation of PARP1, a first-line enzyme in DNA-damage response pathways. We hypothesized that PARP1 targeting could perpetuate trabectedin-induced DNA damage in tumor cells leading finally to cell death. Methods We investigated trabectedin and PARP1 inhibitor synergism in several tumor histotypes both in vitro and in vivo (subcutaneous and orthotopic tumor xenografts in mice). We searched for key determinants of drug synergism by comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) and gene expression profiling (GEP) and validated their functional role. Results Trabectedin activated PARP1 enzyme and the combination with PARP1 inhibitors potentiated DNA damage, cell cycle arrest at G2/M checkpoint and apoptosis, if compared to single agents. Olaparib was the most active PARP1 inhibitor to combine with trabectedin and we confirmed the antitumor and antimetastatic activity of trabectedin/olaparib combination in mice models. However, we observed different degree of trabectedin/olaparib synergism among different cell lines. Namely, in DMR leiomyosarcoma models the combination was significantly more active than single agents, while in SJSA-1 osteosarcoma models no further advantage was obtained if compared to trabectedin alone. aCGH and GEP revealed that key components of DNA-repair pathways were involved in trabectedin/olaparib synergism. In particular, PARP1 expression dictated the degree of the synergism. Indeed, trabectedin/olaparib synergism was increased after PARP1 overexpression and reduced after PARP1 silencing. Conclusions PARP1 inhibition potentiated trabectedin activity in a PARP1-dependent manner and PARP1 expression in tumor cells might be a useful predictive biomarker that deserves clinical evaluation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12943-017-0652-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ymera Pignochino
- Sarcoma Unit, Medical Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo, Torino, Italy. .,Department of Oncology, University of Torino Medical School, Candiolo, Torino, Italy.
| | - Federica Capozzi
- Sarcoma Unit, Medical Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo, Torino, Italy.,Department of Oncology, University of Torino Medical School, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Lorenzo D'Ambrosio
- Sarcoma Unit, Medical Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo, Torino, Italy.,Department of Oncology, University of Torino Medical School, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Carmine Dell'Aglio
- Pathology Unit, Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Marco Basiricò
- Medical Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Marta Canta
- Sarcoma Unit, Medical Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo, Torino, Italy.,Department of Oncology, University of Torino Medical School, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Annalisa Lorenzato
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino Medical School, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Sandra Aliberti
- Sarcoma Unit, Medical Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Erica Palesandro
- Sarcoma Unit, Medical Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo, Torino, Italy.,Department of Oncology, University of Torino Medical School, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Paola Boccone
- Sarcoma Unit, Medical Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo, Torino, Italy.,Department of Oncology, University of Torino Medical School, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Danilo Galizia
- Sarcoma Unit, Medical Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo, Torino, Italy.,Department of Oncology, University of Torino Medical School, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Sara Miano
- Sarcoma Unit, Medical Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo, Torino, Italy.,Department of Oncology, University of Torino Medical School, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Giulia Chiabotto
- Sarcoma Unit, Medical Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Lucia Napione
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino Medical School, Candiolo, Torino, Italy.,Laboratory of Vascular Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo, Torino, Italy.,Current address: Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Loretta Gammaitoni
- Laboratory of Vascular Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Dario Sangiolo
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino Medical School, Candiolo, Torino, Italy.,Laboratory of Vascular Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Maria Serena Benassi
- Experimental Oncology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Barbara Pasini
- Department of Genetics, Biology and Biochemistry, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Aglietta
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino Medical School, Candiolo, Torino, Italy.,Medical Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Giovanni Grignani
- Sarcoma Unit, Medical Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo, Torino, Italy.
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Chikh A, Ferro R, Abbott JJ, Piñeiro R, Buus R, Iezzi M, Ricci F, Bergamaschi D, Ostano P, Chiorino G, Lattanzio R, Broggini M, Piantelli M, Maffucci T, Falasca M. Class II phosphoinositide 3-kinase C2β regulates a novel signaling pathway involved in breast cancer progression. Oncotarget 2017; 7:18325-45. [PMID: 26934321 PMCID: PMC4951291 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
It is now well established that the enzymes phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) have a key role in the development and progression of many cancer types and indeed PI3Ks inhibitors are currently being tested in clinical trials. Although eight distinct PI3K isoforms exist, grouped into three classes, most of the evidence currently available are focused on one specific isoform with very little known about the potential role of the other members of this family in cancer. Here we demonstrate that the class II enzyme PI3K-C2β is overexpressed in several human breast cancer cell lines and in human breast cancer specimens. Our data indicate that PI3K-C2β regulates breast cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo and that PI3K-C2β expression in breast tissues is correlated with the proliferative status of the tumor. Specifically we show that downregulation of PI3K-C2β in breast cancer cell lines reduces colony formation, induces cell cycle arrest and inhibits tumor growth, in particular in an estrogen-dependent in vivo xenograft. Investigation of the mechanism of the PI3K-C2β-dependent regulation of cell cycle progression and cell growth revealed that PI3K-C2β regulates cyclin B1 protein levels through modulation of microRNA miR-449a levels. Our data further demonstrate that downregulation of PI3K-C2β inhibits breast cancer cell invasion in vitro and breast cancer metastasis in vivo. Consistent with this, PI3K-C2β is highly expressed in lymph-nodes metastases compared to matching primary tumors. These data demonstrate that PI3K-C2β plays a pivotal role in breast cancer progression and in metastasis development. Our data indicate that PI3K-C2β may represent a key molecular switch that regulates a rate-limiting step in breast tumor progression and therefore it may be targeted to limit breast cancer spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anissa Chikh
- Queen Mary University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Blizard Institute, Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, London, UK
| | - Riccardo Ferro
- Queen Mary University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Blizard Institute, Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, London, UK
| | - Jonathan J Abbott
- Queen Mary University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Blizard Institute, Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, London, UK
| | - Roberto Piñeiro
- Queen Mary University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Blizard Institute, Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, London, UK
| | - Richard Buus
- Queen Mary University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Blizard Institute, Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, London, UK
| | - Manuela Iezzi
- Aging Research Centre (Ce.S.I.), Foundation University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesca Ricci
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Bergamaschi
- Queen Mary University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Blizard Institute, Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, London, UK
| | - Paola Ostano
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Fondazione Edo and Elvo Tempia, Biella, Italy
| | - Giovanna Chiorino
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Fondazione Edo and Elvo Tempia, Biella, Italy
| | - Rossano Lattanzio
- Aging Research Centre (Ce.S.I.), Foundation University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy.,Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Massimo Broggini
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milan, Italy
| | - Mauro Piantelli
- Aging Research Centre (Ce.S.I.), Foundation University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy.,Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Tania Maffucci
- Queen Mary University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Blizard Institute, Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, London, UK
| | - Marco Falasca
- Queen Mary University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Blizard Institute, Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, London, UK.,Metabolic Signalling Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, CHIRI Biosciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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