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Xu Z, Sun L, Yin C, Wu H, Wang X, Yang Y, Wang Z. Developmental stage and infection status may affect drug distribution in the prostate of rats. Xenobiotica 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38634734 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2024.2343892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Prostate inflammation is often treated with drugs which are ineffective. Antibacterial agents fail to reach the prostate epithelium, and the blood-prostate barrier (BPB) may affect the drug transport process. Factors affecting drug efficacy remain unclear.Rats were categorised into groups A and B, corresponding to adulthood and puberty, respectively. Group C included the model of chronic prostate infection. Dialysates of levofloxacin and cefradine were collected from the prostate gland and jugular vein and evaluated. Pharmacokinetic analysis was conducted.The free concentrations of antimicrobials in the prostate and plasma samples of all groups peaked at 20 min, then gradually decreased. The mean AUC0-tprostate/AUC0-tplasma ratio in the levofloxacin group were 0.86, 0.53, and 0.95, and the mean values of AUC0-∞prostate/AUC0-∞plasma ratio were 0.85, 0.63, and 0.97. The corresponding values in the cefradine group were 0.67, 0.30 and 0.84, and 0.66, 0.31, and 0.85, respectively. The mean values in group B were lower than those in group A, and those in group C were higher than those in group B.The maturity of the prostate may affect the ability of the drug to cross the BPB. Infection may disrupt the BPB, affecting drug permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyang Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lianzhan Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chang Yin
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Handa Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunyun Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Hana C, Thaw Dar NN, Galo Venegas M, Vulfovich M. Claudins in Cancer: A Current and Future Therapeutic Target. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4634. [PMID: 38731853 PMCID: PMC11083183 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Claudins are a family of 27 proteins that have an important role in the formation of tight junctions. They also have an important function in ion exchange, cell mobility, and the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, the latter being very important in cancer invasion and metastasis. Therapeutic targeting of claudins has been investigated to improve cancer outcomes. Recent evidence shows improved outcomes when combining monoclonal antibodies against claudin 18.2 with chemotherapy for patients with gastroesophageal junction cancer. Currently, chimeric antigen receptor T-cells targeting claudin 18 are under investigation. In this review, we will discuss the major functions of claudins, their distribution in the normal as well as cancerous tissues, and their effect in cancer metastasis, with a special focus on the therapeutic targeting of claudins to improve cancer outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Hana
- Hematology/Oncology Department, Memorial Healthcare System, Pembroke Pines, FL 33028, USA; (N.N.T.D.); (M.G.V.)
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Arabi TZ, Fawzy NA, Sabbah BN, Ouban A. Claudins in genitourinary tract neoplasms: mechanisms, prognosis, and therapeutic prospects. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1308082. [PMID: 38188015 PMCID: PMC10771851 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1308082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Genitourinary (GU) cancers are among the most prevalent neoplasms in the world, with bladder cancers constituting 3% of global cancer diagnoses. However, several pathogenetic mechanisms remain controversial and unclear. Claudins, for example, have been shown to play a significant role in several cancers of the human body. Their role in GU cancers has not been extensively studied. Aberrant expression of claudins -1, -2, -3, -4, -7, and -11 has been expressed in urothelial cell carcinomas. In prostate cancers, altered levels of claudins -1, -2, -3, -4, and -5 have been reported. Furthermore, the levels of claudins -1, -2, -3, -4, -6, -7, -8, and -10 have been studied in renal cell carcinomas. Specifically, claudins -7 and -8 have proven especially useful in differentiating between chromophobe renal cell carcinomas and oncocytomas. Several of these claudins also correlate with clinicopathologic parameters and prognosis in GU cancers. Although mechanisms underpinning aberrant expression of claudins in GU cancers are unclear, epigenetic changes, tumor necrosis factor-ɑ, and the p63 protein have been implicated. Claudins also provide therapeutic value through tailored immunotherapy via molecular subtyping and providing therapeutic targets, which have shown positive outcomes in preclinical studies. In this review, we aim to summarize the literature describing aberrant expression of claudins in urothelial, prostatic, and renal cell carcinomas. Then, we describe the mechanisms underlying these changes and the therapeutic value of claudins. Understanding the scope of claudins in GU cancers paves the way for several diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic innovations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Abderrahman Ouban
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Tribian LS, Lennartz M, Höflmayer D, de Wispelaere N, Dwertmann Rico S, von Bargen C, Kind S, Reiswich V, Viehweger F, Lutz F, Bertram V, Fraune C, Gorbokon N, Weidemann S, Hube-Magg C, Menz A, Uhlig R, Krech T, Hinsch A, Burandt E, Sauter G, Simon R, Kluth M, Steurer S, Marx AH, Lebok P, Dum D, Minner S, Jacobsen F, Clauditz TS, Bernreuther C. Diagnostic Role and Prognostic Impact of PSAP Immunohistochemistry: A Tissue Microarray Study on 31,358 Cancer Tissues. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:3242. [PMID: 37892063 PMCID: PMC10606209 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13203242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate-specific acid phosphatase (PSAP) is a marker for prostate cancer. To assess the specificity and prognostic impact of PSAP, 14,137 samples from 127 different tumor (sub)types, 17,747 prostate cancers, and 76 different normal tissue types were analyzed via immunohistochemistry in a tissue microarray format. In normal tissues, PSAP staining was limited to the prostate epithelial cells. In prostate cancers, PSAP was seen in 100% of Gleason 3 + 3, 95.5% of Gleason 4 + 4, 93.8% of recurrent cancer under androgen deprivation therapy, 91.0% of Gleason 5 + 5, and 31.2% of small cell neuroendocrine cancer. In non-prostatic tumors, PSAP immunostaining was only found in 3.2% of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors and in 0.8% of diffuse-type gastric adenocarcinomas. In prostate cancer, reduced PSAP staining was strongly linked to an advanced pT stage, a high classical and quantitative Gleason score, lymph node metastasis, high pre-operative PSA levels, early PSA recurrence (p < 0.0001 each), high androgen receptor expression, and TMPRSS2:ERG fusions. A low level of PSAP expression was linked to PSA recurrence independent of pre- and postoperative prognostic markers in ERG-negative cancers. Positive PSAP immunostaining is highly specific for prostate cancer. Reduced PSAP expression is associated with aggressive prostate cancers. These findings make PSAP a candidate marker for prognostic multiparameter panels in ERG-negative prostate cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sophie Tribian
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (L.S.T.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (S.D.R.); (C.v.B.); (S.K.); (V.R.); (F.V.); (F.L.); (V.B.); (C.F.); (N.G.); (S.W.); (C.H.-M.); (A.M.); (R.U.); (T.K.); (A.H.); (E.B.); (G.S.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (P.L.); (D.D.); (S.M.); (F.J.); (T.S.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Maximilian Lennartz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (L.S.T.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (S.D.R.); (C.v.B.); (S.K.); (V.R.); (F.V.); (F.L.); (V.B.); (C.F.); (N.G.); (S.W.); (C.H.-M.); (A.M.); (R.U.); (T.K.); (A.H.); (E.B.); (G.S.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (P.L.); (D.D.); (S.M.); (F.J.); (T.S.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Doris Höflmayer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (L.S.T.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (S.D.R.); (C.v.B.); (S.K.); (V.R.); (F.V.); (F.L.); (V.B.); (C.F.); (N.G.); (S.W.); (C.H.-M.); (A.M.); (R.U.); (T.K.); (A.H.); (E.B.); (G.S.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (P.L.); (D.D.); (S.M.); (F.J.); (T.S.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Noémi de Wispelaere
- Department of General, Visceral, and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Sebastian Dwertmann Rico
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (L.S.T.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (S.D.R.); (C.v.B.); (S.K.); (V.R.); (F.V.); (F.L.); (V.B.); (C.F.); (N.G.); (S.W.); (C.H.-M.); (A.M.); (R.U.); (T.K.); (A.H.); (E.B.); (G.S.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (P.L.); (D.D.); (S.M.); (F.J.); (T.S.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Clara von Bargen
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (L.S.T.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (S.D.R.); (C.v.B.); (S.K.); (V.R.); (F.V.); (F.L.); (V.B.); (C.F.); (N.G.); (S.W.); (C.H.-M.); (A.M.); (R.U.); (T.K.); (A.H.); (E.B.); (G.S.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (P.L.); (D.D.); (S.M.); (F.J.); (T.S.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Simon Kind
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (L.S.T.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (S.D.R.); (C.v.B.); (S.K.); (V.R.); (F.V.); (F.L.); (V.B.); (C.F.); (N.G.); (S.W.); (C.H.-M.); (A.M.); (R.U.); (T.K.); (A.H.); (E.B.); (G.S.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (P.L.); (D.D.); (S.M.); (F.J.); (T.S.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Viktor Reiswich
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (L.S.T.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (S.D.R.); (C.v.B.); (S.K.); (V.R.); (F.V.); (F.L.); (V.B.); (C.F.); (N.G.); (S.W.); (C.H.-M.); (A.M.); (R.U.); (T.K.); (A.H.); (E.B.); (G.S.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (P.L.); (D.D.); (S.M.); (F.J.); (T.S.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Florian Viehweger
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (L.S.T.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (S.D.R.); (C.v.B.); (S.K.); (V.R.); (F.V.); (F.L.); (V.B.); (C.F.); (N.G.); (S.W.); (C.H.-M.); (A.M.); (R.U.); (T.K.); (A.H.); (E.B.); (G.S.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (P.L.); (D.D.); (S.M.); (F.J.); (T.S.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Florian Lutz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (L.S.T.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (S.D.R.); (C.v.B.); (S.K.); (V.R.); (F.V.); (F.L.); (V.B.); (C.F.); (N.G.); (S.W.); (C.H.-M.); (A.M.); (R.U.); (T.K.); (A.H.); (E.B.); (G.S.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (P.L.); (D.D.); (S.M.); (F.J.); (T.S.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Veit Bertram
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (L.S.T.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (S.D.R.); (C.v.B.); (S.K.); (V.R.); (F.V.); (F.L.); (V.B.); (C.F.); (N.G.); (S.W.); (C.H.-M.); (A.M.); (R.U.); (T.K.); (A.H.); (E.B.); (G.S.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (P.L.); (D.D.); (S.M.); (F.J.); (T.S.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Christoph Fraune
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (L.S.T.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (S.D.R.); (C.v.B.); (S.K.); (V.R.); (F.V.); (F.L.); (V.B.); (C.F.); (N.G.); (S.W.); (C.H.-M.); (A.M.); (R.U.); (T.K.); (A.H.); (E.B.); (G.S.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (P.L.); (D.D.); (S.M.); (F.J.); (T.S.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Natalia Gorbokon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (L.S.T.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (S.D.R.); (C.v.B.); (S.K.); (V.R.); (F.V.); (F.L.); (V.B.); (C.F.); (N.G.); (S.W.); (C.H.-M.); (A.M.); (R.U.); (T.K.); (A.H.); (E.B.); (G.S.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (P.L.); (D.D.); (S.M.); (F.J.); (T.S.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Sören Weidemann
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (L.S.T.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (S.D.R.); (C.v.B.); (S.K.); (V.R.); (F.V.); (F.L.); (V.B.); (C.F.); (N.G.); (S.W.); (C.H.-M.); (A.M.); (R.U.); (T.K.); (A.H.); (E.B.); (G.S.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (P.L.); (D.D.); (S.M.); (F.J.); (T.S.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Claudia Hube-Magg
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (L.S.T.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (S.D.R.); (C.v.B.); (S.K.); (V.R.); (F.V.); (F.L.); (V.B.); (C.F.); (N.G.); (S.W.); (C.H.-M.); (A.M.); (R.U.); (T.K.); (A.H.); (E.B.); (G.S.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (P.L.); (D.D.); (S.M.); (F.J.); (T.S.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Anne Menz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (L.S.T.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (S.D.R.); (C.v.B.); (S.K.); (V.R.); (F.V.); (F.L.); (V.B.); (C.F.); (N.G.); (S.W.); (C.H.-M.); (A.M.); (R.U.); (T.K.); (A.H.); (E.B.); (G.S.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (P.L.); (D.D.); (S.M.); (F.J.); (T.S.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Ria Uhlig
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (L.S.T.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (S.D.R.); (C.v.B.); (S.K.); (V.R.); (F.V.); (F.L.); (V.B.); (C.F.); (N.G.); (S.W.); (C.H.-M.); (A.M.); (R.U.); (T.K.); (A.H.); (E.B.); (G.S.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (P.L.); (D.D.); (S.M.); (F.J.); (T.S.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Till Krech
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (L.S.T.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (S.D.R.); (C.v.B.); (S.K.); (V.R.); (F.V.); (F.L.); (V.B.); (C.F.); (N.G.); (S.W.); (C.H.-M.); (A.M.); (R.U.); (T.K.); (A.H.); (E.B.); (G.S.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (P.L.); (D.D.); (S.M.); (F.J.); (T.S.C.); (C.B.)
- Institute of Pathology, Clinical Center Osnabrueck, 49076 Osnabrueck, Germany
| | - Andrea Hinsch
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (L.S.T.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (S.D.R.); (C.v.B.); (S.K.); (V.R.); (F.V.); (F.L.); (V.B.); (C.F.); (N.G.); (S.W.); (C.H.-M.); (A.M.); (R.U.); (T.K.); (A.H.); (E.B.); (G.S.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (P.L.); (D.D.); (S.M.); (F.J.); (T.S.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Eike Burandt
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (L.S.T.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (S.D.R.); (C.v.B.); (S.K.); (V.R.); (F.V.); (F.L.); (V.B.); (C.F.); (N.G.); (S.W.); (C.H.-M.); (A.M.); (R.U.); (T.K.); (A.H.); (E.B.); (G.S.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (P.L.); (D.D.); (S.M.); (F.J.); (T.S.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (L.S.T.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (S.D.R.); (C.v.B.); (S.K.); (V.R.); (F.V.); (F.L.); (V.B.); (C.F.); (N.G.); (S.W.); (C.H.-M.); (A.M.); (R.U.); (T.K.); (A.H.); (E.B.); (G.S.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (P.L.); (D.D.); (S.M.); (F.J.); (T.S.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Ronald Simon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (L.S.T.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (S.D.R.); (C.v.B.); (S.K.); (V.R.); (F.V.); (F.L.); (V.B.); (C.F.); (N.G.); (S.W.); (C.H.-M.); (A.M.); (R.U.); (T.K.); (A.H.); (E.B.); (G.S.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (P.L.); (D.D.); (S.M.); (F.J.); (T.S.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Martina Kluth
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (L.S.T.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (S.D.R.); (C.v.B.); (S.K.); (V.R.); (F.V.); (F.L.); (V.B.); (C.F.); (N.G.); (S.W.); (C.H.-M.); (A.M.); (R.U.); (T.K.); (A.H.); (E.B.); (G.S.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (P.L.); (D.D.); (S.M.); (F.J.); (T.S.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Stefan Steurer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (L.S.T.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (S.D.R.); (C.v.B.); (S.K.); (V.R.); (F.V.); (F.L.); (V.B.); (C.F.); (N.G.); (S.W.); (C.H.-M.); (A.M.); (R.U.); (T.K.); (A.H.); (E.B.); (G.S.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (P.L.); (D.D.); (S.M.); (F.J.); (T.S.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Andreas H. Marx
- Department of Pathology, Academic Hospital Fuerth, 90766 Fuerth, Germany;
| | - Patrick Lebok
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (L.S.T.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (S.D.R.); (C.v.B.); (S.K.); (V.R.); (F.V.); (F.L.); (V.B.); (C.F.); (N.G.); (S.W.); (C.H.-M.); (A.M.); (R.U.); (T.K.); (A.H.); (E.B.); (G.S.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (P.L.); (D.D.); (S.M.); (F.J.); (T.S.C.); (C.B.)
- Institute of Pathology, Clinical Center Osnabrueck, 49076 Osnabrueck, Germany
| | - David Dum
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (L.S.T.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (S.D.R.); (C.v.B.); (S.K.); (V.R.); (F.V.); (F.L.); (V.B.); (C.F.); (N.G.); (S.W.); (C.H.-M.); (A.M.); (R.U.); (T.K.); (A.H.); (E.B.); (G.S.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (P.L.); (D.D.); (S.M.); (F.J.); (T.S.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Sarah Minner
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (L.S.T.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (S.D.R.); (C.v.B.); (S.K.); (V.R.); (F.V.); (F.L.); (V.B.); (C.F.); (N.G.); (S.W.); (C.H.-M.); (A.M.); (R.U.); (T.K.); (A.H.); (E.B.); (G.S.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (P.L.); (D.D.); (S.M.); (F.J.); (T.S.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Frank Jacobsen
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (L.S.T.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (S.D.R.); (C.v.B.); (S.K.); (V.R.); (F.V.); (F.L.); (V.B.); (C.F.); (N.G.); (S.W.); (C.H.-M.); (A.M.); (R.U.); (T.K.); (A.H.); (E.B.); (G.S.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (P.L.); (D.D.); (S.M.); (F.J.); (T.S.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Till S. Clauditz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (L.S.T.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (S.D.R.); (C.v.B.); (S.K.); (V.R.); (F.V.); (F.L.); (V.B.); (C.F.); (N.G.); (S.W.); (C.H.-M.); (A.M.); (R.U.); (T.K.); (A.H.); (E.B.); (G.S.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (P.L.); (D.D.); (S.M.); (F.J.); (T.S.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Christian Bernreuther
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (L.S.T.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (S.D.R.); (C.v.B.); (S.K.); (V.R.); (F.V.); (F.L.); (V.B.); (C.F.); (N.G.); (S.W.); (C.H.-M.); (A.M.); (R.U.); (T.K.); (A.H.); (E.B.); (G.S.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (P.L.); (D.D.); (S.M.); (F.J.); (T.S.C.); (C.B.)
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Khosh Kish E, Choudhry M, Gamallat Y, Buharideen SM, D D, Bismar TA. The Expression of Proto-Oncogene ETS-Related Gene ( ERG) Plays a Central Role in the Oncogenic Mechanism Involved in the Development and Progression of Prostate Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094772. [PMID: 35563163 PMCID: PMC9105369 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The ETS-related gene (ERG) is proto-oncogene that is classified as a member of the ETS transcription factor family, which has been found to be consistently overexpressed in about half of the patients with clinically significant prostate cancer (PCa). The overexpression of ERG can mostly be attributed to the fusion of the ERG and transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) genes, and this fusion is estimated to represent about 85% of all gene fusions observed in prostate cancer. Clinically, individuals with ERG gene fusion are mostly documented to have advanced tumor stages, increased mortality, and higher rates of metastasis in non-surgical cohorts. In the current review, we elucidate ERG’s molecular interaction with downstream genes and the pathways associated with PCa. Studies have documented that ERG plays a central role in PCa progression due to its ability to enhance tumor growth by promoting inflammatory and angiogenic responses. ERG has also been implicated in the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in PCa cells, which increases the ability of cancer cells to metastasize. In vivo, research has demonstrated that higher levels of ERG expression are involved with nuclear pleomorphism that prompts hyperplasia and the loss of cell polarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ealia Khosh Kish
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2V 1P9, Canada; (E.K.K.); (M.C.); (Y.G.); (S.M.B.); (D.D.)
| | - Muhammad Choudhry
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2V 1P9, Canada; (E.K.K.); (M.C.); (Y.G.); (S.M.B.); (D.D.)
| | - Yaser Gamallat
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2V 1P9, Canada; (E.K.K.); (M.C.); (Y.G.); (S.M.B.); (D.D.)
- Alberta Precision Laboratories, Calgary, AB T2V 1P9, Canada
| | - Sabrina Marsha Buharideen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2V 1P9, Canada; (E.K.K.); (M.C.); (Y.G.); (S.M.B.); (D.D.)
- Alberta Precision Laboratories, Calgary, AB T2V 1P9, Canada
| | - Dhananjaya D
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2V 1P9, Canada; (E.K.K.); (M.C.); (Y.G.); (S.M.B.); (D.D.)
- Alberta Precision Laboratories, Calgary, AB T2V 1P9, Canada
| | - Tarek A. Bismar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2V 1P9, Canada; (E.K.K.); (M.C.); (Y.G.); (S.M.B.); (D.D.)
- Alberta Precision Laboratories, Calgary, AB T2V 1P9, Canada
- Departments of Oncology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Calgary, AB T2V 1P9, Canada
- Tom Baker Cancer Center, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Calgary, AB T2V 1P9, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-403-943-8430; Fax: +1-403-943-3333
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In Vivo Healthy Benefits of Galacto-Oligosaccharides from Lupinus albus (LA-GOS) in Butyrate Production through Intestinal Microbiota. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11111658. [PMID: 34827656 PMCID: PMC8615603 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal digestive systems host microorganism ecosystems, including integrated bacteria, viruses, fungi, and others, that produce a variety of compounds from different substrates with healthy properties. Among these substrates, α-galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) are considered prebiotics that promote the grow of gut microbiota with a metabolic output of Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs). In this regard, we evaluated Lupinus albus GOS (LA-GOS) as a natural prebiotic using different animal models. Therefore, the aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of LA-GOS on the gut microbiota, SCFA production, and intestinal health in healthy and induced dysbiosis conditions (an ulcerative colitis (UC) model). Twenty C57BL/6 mice were randomly allocated in four groups (n = 5/group): untreated and treated non-induced animals, and two groups induced with 2% dextran sulfate sodium to UC with and without LA-GOS administration (2.5 g/kg bw). We found that the UC treated group showed a higher goblet cell number, lower disease activity index, and reduced histopathological damage in comparison to the UC untreated group. In addition, the abundance of positive bacteria to butyryl-CoA transferase in gut microbiota was significantly increased by LA-GOS treatment, in healthy conditions. We measured the SCFA production with significant differences in the butyrate concentration between treated and untreated healthy groups. Finally, the pH level in cecum feces was reduced after LA-GOS treatment. Overall, we point out the in vivo health benefits of LA-GOS administration on the preservation of the intestinal ecosystem and the promotion of SCFA production.
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Li J. Targeting claudins in cancer: diagnosis, prognosis and therapy. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:3406-3424. [PMID: 34354852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence has linked claudins to signal transduction and tumorigenesis. The expression of claudins is frequently dysregulated in the context of neoplastic transformation, suggesting their promise as biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis or targets for treatment. Claudin binders (Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin and monoclonal antibody) have been tested in preclinical experiments, and some of them have progressed into clinical trials involving patients with certain cancers. However, the clinical development of many of these agents has not advanced to clinical applications. Herein, I review the current status of preclinical and clinical investigations of agents targeting claudins for diagnosis, prognosis and therapy. I also discuss the potential of combining claudin binders with other currently approved therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Hospital of Mianyang, Sichuan Mental Health Center Mianyang 621000, Sichuan, China
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Epithelial splicing regulatory protein 1 and 2 (ESRP1 and ESRP2) upregulation predicts poor prognosis in prostate cancer. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:1220. [PMID: 33339518 PMCID: PMC7749503 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07682-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Epithelial splicing regulatory protein 1 (ESRP1) and 2 (ESRP2) regulate alternative splicing events of various pre-mRNAs. Some of these targets play a role in cancer-associated processes, including cytoskeleton reorganization and DNA-repair processes. This study was undertaken to estimate the impact of ESRP1 and ESRP2 alterations on prostate cancer patient prognosis. Methods A tissue microarray made from 17,747 individual cancer samples with comprehensive, pathological, clinical and molecular data was analyzed by immunohistochemistry for ESRP1 and ESRP2. Results Nuclear staining for ESRP1 was seen in 38.6% (36.0% low, 2.6% high) of 12,140 interpretable cancers and in 41.9% (36.4% low, 5.3% high) of 12,962 interpretable cancers for ESRP2. Nuclear protein expression was linked to advanced tumor stage, high Gleason score, presence of lymph node metastasis, early biochemical recurrence, and ERG-positive cancers (p < 0.0001 each). Expression of ESRPs was significantly linked to 11 (ESRP1)/9 (ESRP2) of 11 analyzed deletions in all cancers and to 8 (ESRP1)/9 (ESRP2) of 11 deletions in ERG-negative cancers portending a link to genomic instability. Combined ESRPs expression analysis suggested an additive effect and showed the worst prognosis for cancers with high ESRP1 and ESRP2 expression. Multivariate analyses revealed that the prognostic impact of ESRP1, ESRP2 and combined ESRP1/ESRP2 expression was independent of all established pre- and postoperative prognostic features. Conclusions Our data show a striking link between nuclear ESRP expression and adverse features in prostate cancer and identifies expression of ESRP1 and/or ESRP2 as independent prognostic markers with a potential for routine application.
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Wang K, Pascal LE, Li F, Chen W, Dhir R, Balasubramani GK, DeFranco DB, Yoshimura N, He D, Wang Z. Tight junction protein claudin-1 is downregulated by TGF-β1 via MEK signaling in benign prostatic epithelial cells. Prostate 2020; 80:1203-1215. [PMID: 32692865 PMCID: PMC7710618 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is arguably the most common disease in aging men. Although the etiology is not well understood, chronic prostatic inflammation is thought to play an important role in BPH initiation and progression. Our recent studies suggest that the prostatic epithelial barrier is compromised in glandular BPH tissues. The proinflammatory cytokine transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) impacts tight junction formation, enhances epithelial barrier permeability, and suppresses claudin-1 messenger RNA expression in prostatic epithelial cells. However, the role of claudin-1 in the prostatic epithelial barrier and its regulation by TGF-β1 in prostatic epithelial cells are not clear. METHODS The expression of claudin-1 was analyzed in 22 clinical BPH specimens by immunohistochemistry. Human benign prostate epithelial cell lines BPH-1 and BHPrE1 were treated with TGF-β1 and transfected with small interfering RNAs specific to claudin-1. Epithelial monolayer permeability changes in the treated cells were measured using trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER). The expression of claudin-1, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, snail, slug, and activation of mitogen-activated proteins kinases (MAPKs) and AKT was assessed following TGF-β1 treatment using Western blot analysis. RESULTS Claudin-1 expression was decreased in glandular BPH tissue compared with adjacent normal prostatic tissue in patient specimens. TGF-β1 treatment or claudin-1 knockdown in prostatic epithelial cell lines increased monolayer permeability. TGF-β1 decreased levels of claudin-1 and increased levels of snail and slug as well as increased phosphorylation of the MAPK extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 (ERK-1/2) in both BPH-1 and BHPrE1 cells. Overexpression of snail or slug had no effect on claudin-1 expression. In contrast, PD98059 and U0126, inhibitors of the upstream activator of ERK-1/2 (ie, MEK-1/2) restored claudin-1 expression level as well as the epithelial barrier. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that downregulation of claudin-1 by TGF-β1 acting through the noncanonical MEK-1/2/ERK-1/2 pathway triggers increased prostatic epithelial monolayer permeability in vitro. These findings also suggest that elevated TGF-β1 may contribute to claudin-1 downregulation and compromised epithelial barrier in clinical BPH specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Laura E. Pascal
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Rajiv Dhir
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Donald B. DeFranco
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Naoki Yoshimura
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dalin He
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Corresponding author: Zhou Wang, Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 5200 Centre Ave, Suite G40, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232., , Dalin He, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710061, P.R. China.,
| | - Zhou Wang
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Corresponding author: Zhou Wang, Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 5200 Centre Ave, Suite G40, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232., , Dalin He, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710061, P.R. China.,
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Claudin-1 Is a Valuable Prognostic Biomarker in Colorectal Cancer: A Meta-Analysis. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2020; 2020:4258035. [PMID: 32855635 PMCID: PMC7443231 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4258035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Claudin-1 plays an important part in maintaining the mucosal structures and physiological functions. Several studies showed a relationship between claudin-1 and colorectal cancer (CRC), but its prognostic significance is inconsistent. This meta-analysis assessed the prognostic value and clinical significance of claudin-1 in CRC. Materials and Methods We retrieved eligible studies from PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science databases before February 10, 2020. The hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was applied to assess the correlation between claudin-1 and prognosis and clinical features. Heterogeneity was assessed by the Cochran Q test and I-square (I2), while publication bias was evaluated by the Begg test and Egger test. Test sequence analysis (TSA) was used to estimate whether the included studies' number is sufficient. The stability of the results was judged by sensitivity analysis. Metaregression was utilized to explore the possible covariance which may impact on heterogeneity among studies. Results Eight studies incorporating 1704 patients met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis showed that the high expression of claudin-1 was associated with better overall survival (HR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.28–0.76; P = 0.002) and disease-free survival (HR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.29–0.65; P = 0.003) in CRC. In addition, we found that claudin-1 was related to the better tumor type (n = 6; RR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.49–0.73; P < 0.00001), negative venous invasion (n = 4; RR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.70–0.95; P = 0.001), and negative lymphatic invasion (n = 4; RR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.74–0.92; P = 0.0009). Conclusion The increased claudin-1 expression in CRC is associated with better prognosis. In addition, claudin-1 was related to the better tumor type and the less venous invasion and lymphatic invasion.
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