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Piszczek R, Krajewski W, Subiela JD, Del Giudice F, Nowak Ł, Chorbińska J, Moschini M, Masson-Lecomte A, Bebane S, Cimadamore A, Grobet-Jeandin E, Rouprêt M, D'Andrea D, Mastroianni R, Gutierrez Hidalgo B, Gomez Rivas J, Mori K, Soria F, Laukhtina E, Mari A, Albisinni S, Gallioli A, Mertens LS, Pichler R, Marcq G, Łaszkiewicz J, Hałoń A, Carrion DM, Akand M, Pradere B, Shariat SF, Palou J, Babjuk M, Burgos Revilla J, Małkiewicz B, Szydełko T. Prognosis of patients with T1 low-grade urothelial bladder cancer treated with bacillus Calmette-Guérin immunotherapy. Minerva Urol Nephrol 2023; 75:591-599. [PMID: 37728495 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-6051.23.05418-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The existence and prognosis of T1LG (T1 low-grade) bladder cancer is controversial. Also, because of data paucity, it remains unclear what is the clinical history of bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) treated T1LG tumors and if it differs from other NMIBC (non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer) representatives. The aim of this study was to analyse recurrence-free survival (RFS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with T1LG bladder cancers treated with BCG immunotherapy. METHODS A multi-institutional and retrospective study of 2510 patients with Ta/T1 NMIBC with or without carcinoma in situ (CIS) treated with BCG (205 T1LG patients) was performed. Kaplan-Meier estimates and log-rank test for RFS and PFS to compare the survival between TaLG, TaHG, T1LG, and T1HG NMIBC were used. Also, T1LG tumors were categorized into EAU2021 risk groups and PFS analysis was performed, and Cox multivariate model for both RFS and PFS were constructed. RESULTS The median follow-up was 52 months. For the T1LG cohort, the estimated RFS and PFS rates at 5-year were 59.3% and 89.2%, respectively. While there were no differences in RFS between NMIBC subpopulations, a slightly better PFS was found in T1LG NMIBC compared to T1HG (5-year PFS; T1LG vs. T1HG: 82% vs. 89%; P<0.001). A heterogeneous classification of patients with T1LG NMIBC was observed when EAU 2021 prognostic model was applied, finding a statistically significant worse PFS in patients classified as high-risk T1LG (5-year PFS; 81.8%) compared to those in intermediate (5-year PFS; 93,4%), and low-risk T1LG tumors (5-year PFS; 98,1%). CONCLUSIONS The RFS of T1LG was comparable to other NMIBC subpopulations. The PFS of T1LG tumors was significantly better than of T1HG NMIBC. The EAU2021 scoring model heterogeneously categorized the risk of progression in T1LG tumors and the high-risk T1LG had the worst PFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radosław Piszczek
- Department of Minimally Invasive Robotic Urology Center of Excellence in Urology, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Wojciech Krajewski
- Department of Minimally Invasive Robotic Urology Center of Excellence in Urology, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland -
| | - Jose D Subiela
- Department of Urology, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, IRYCIS, University of Alcala, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesco Del Giudice
- Department of Urology, Umberto I Polyclinic Hospital, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Łukasz Nowak
- Department of Minimally Invasive Robotic Urology Center of Excellence in Urology, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Joanna Chorbińska
- Department of Minimally Invasive Robotic Urology Center of Excellence in Urology, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marco Moschini
- Division of Experimental Oncology, Department of Urology, Urological Research Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Sonia Bebane
- Department of Urology, Saint-Louis Hospital, APHP, Paris Cité University, Paris, France
| | - Alessia Cimadamore
- Section of Pathological Anatomy, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Morgan Rouprêt
- Department of Urology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, APHP, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - David D'Andrea
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Riccardo Mastroianni
- Department of Urology, IRCCS "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Juan Gomez Rivas
- Department of Urology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Keiichiro Mori
- Department of Urology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Francesco Soria
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Molinette Hospital, University of Turin School of Medicine, Turin, Italy
| | - Ekaterina Laukhtina
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Mari
- Unit of Oncologic Minimally-Invasive Urology and Andrology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Careggi University Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Simone Albisinni
- Department of Urology, Erasme Hospital, University Clinics of Brussels, Free University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Andrea Gallioli
- Department of Urology, Puigvert Foundation, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura S Mertens
- Department of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Renate Pichler
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gautier Marcq
- Department of Urology, Claude Huriez Hospital, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Jan Łaszkiewicz
- Department of Minimally Invasive Robotic Urology Center of Excellence in Urology, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Hałoń
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Diego M Carrion
- Department of Urology, Torrejon University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Murat Akand
- Department of Urology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Benjamin Pradere
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Shahrokh F Shariat
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
- Hourani Center for Applied Scientific Research, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan
- Department of Urology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Juan Palou
- Department of Urology, Puigvert Foundation, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marko Babjuk
- Department of Urology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Javier Burgos Revilla
- Department of Urology, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, IRYCIS, University of Alcala, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bartosz Małkiewicz
- Department of Minimally Invasive Robotic Urology Center of Excellence in Urology, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Tomasz Szydełko
- Department of Minimally Invasive Robotic Urology Center of Excellence in Urology, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
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Wei Y, Yang X, Zhu H, Zhuang J, Cai L, Ji Q, Chen P, Cao Q, Qian W, Zhu Q, Lu Q. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on bladder cancer patients: a multicenter real-world study. J Int Med Res 2023; 51:3000605231204465. [PMID: 37873755 PMCID: PMC10594970 DOI: 10.1177/03000605231204465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hospital management and medical treatment changed during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This study investigated the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on patients with bladder cancer. METHODS In this multicenter retrospective study, we collected information from the electronic medical records of outpatients who underwent cystoscopy and inpatients with confirmed bladder cancer in three hospitals in Nanjing (two province-level and one county-level hospitals) in 2019 and 2020. Patients' home addresses, treatment methods, length of stay, and pathology were compared between the periods. RESULTS In total, 4048 outpatients and 1242 inpatients were included. The average number of cystoscopies decreased significantly during the lockdown. In province-level hospitals, the number of cystoscopies increased gradually as the pandemic was brought under control but remained lower than that in 2019, whereas the number grew in 2020 in county-level hospitals. The rates of recurrence and radical cystectomy were higher in 2020 than in 2019. No significant difference in the pathological grade was observed. More patients who underwent radical cystectomy were diagnosed with muscle-invasive bladder cancer during the 2020 lockdown. CONCLUSION The pandemic severely affected patients with bladder cancer, mainly in their choice of institution and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wei
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongru Zhu
- Department of Urology, Nanjing Gaochun People’s Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Juntao Zhuang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingkai Cai
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qianying Ji
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Urology, Nanjing Gaochun People’s Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiang Cao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenhui Qian
- Department of Urology, Nanjing Gaochun People’s Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Qingyi Zhu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiang Lu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Grabe-Heyne K, Henne C, Mariappan P, Geiges G, Pöhlmann J, Pollock RF. Intermediate and high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: an overview of epidemiology, burden, and unmet needs. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1170124. [PMID: 37333804 PMCID: PMC10272547 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1170124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer ranks among the most common cancers globally. At diagnosis, 75% of patients have non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Patients with low-risk NMIBC have a good prognosis, but recurrence and progression rates remain high in intermediate- and high-risk NMIBC, despite the decades-long availability of effective treatments for NMIBC such as intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG). The present review provides an overview of NMIBC, including its burden and treatment options, and then reviews aspects that counteract the successful treatment of NMIBC, referred to as unmet treatment needs. The scale and reasons for each unmet need are described based on a comprehensive review of the literature, including insufficient adherence to treatment guidelines by physicians because of insufficient knowledge, training, or access to certain therapy options. Low rates of lifestyle changes and treatment completion by patients, due to BCG shortages or toxicities and adverse events as well as their impact on social activities, represent additional areas of potential improvement. Highly heterogeneous evidence for the effectiveness and safety of some treatments limits the comparability of results across studies. As a result, efforts are underway to standardize treatment schedules for BCG, but intravesical chemotherapy schedules remain unstandardized. In addition, risk-scoring models often perform unsatisfactorily due to significant differences between derivation and real-world cohorts. Reporting in clinical trials suffers from a lack of consistent outcomes reporting in bladder cancer clinical trials, paired with an under-representation of racial and ethnic minorities in many trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paramananthan Mariappan
- Edinburgh Bladder Cancer Surgery (EBCS), Department of Urology, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Bladder cancer as one of the main comorbid diseases might be more susceptible to develop COVID-19 infection with a higher mortality risk during the COVID-19 pandemic. The European Association of Urology (EAU) recommended a comprehensive panel for bladder cancer diagnosis and treatment during this global health problem. The urgent need for treatments of COVID-19 during the pandemic has persuaded researchers to evaluate the different medications, which may lead to drug shortages. Therefore, in this review paper, we have focused on the least recommendations of EAU about bladder cancer during of COVID-19 pandemic to provide a comprehensive panel for high-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahede Khansary
- Department of Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan university of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Heidar Tavilani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Hadi Ghasemi
- Autophagy Research Center, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
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Ravivarapu KT, Garden E, Chin CP, Levy M, Al-Alao O, Sewell-Araya J, Small A, Mehrazin R, Palese M. Same-day discharge following minimally invasive partial and radical nephrectomy: a National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) analysis. World J Urol 2022; 40:2473-2479. [PMID: 35907008 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-022-04105-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Minimally invasive partial nephrectomy (MIPN) and radical nephrectomy (MIRN) have successfully resulted in shorter length of stay (LOS) for patients. Using a national cohort, we compared 30-day outcomes of SDD (LOS = 0) versus standard-length discharge (SLD, LOS = 1-3) for MIRN and MIPN. METHODS All patients who underwent MIPN (CPT 50,543) or MIRN (CPT 50,545) in the ACS-NSQIP database from 2012 to 2019 were reviewed. SDD and SLD groups were matched 1:1 by age, sex, race, body mass index, American Society of Anesthesiologists score, and medical comorbidities. We compared baseline characteristics, 30-day Clavien-Dindo (CD) complications, reoperations, and readmissions between SDD and SLD groups. Multivariable logistic regressions were used to evaluate predictors of adverse outcomes. RESULTS 28,140 minimally invasive nephrectomy patients were included (SDD n = 237 [0.8%], SLD n = 27,903 [99.2%]). There were no significant differences in 30-day readmissions, CD I/II, CDIII, or CD IV complications before and after matching SDD and SLD groups. On multivariate regression analysis, SDD did not confer increased risk of 30-day complications or readmissions for both MIPN and MIRN. CONCLUSION SDD after MIPN and MIRN did not confer increased risk of postoperative complications, reoperation, or readmission compared to SLD. Further research should explore optimal patient selection to ensure safe expansion of this initiative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Teja Ravivarapu
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, Box 1272, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Evan Garden
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, Box 1272, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Chih Peng Chin
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, Box 1272, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Micah Levy
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, Box 1272, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Osama Al-Alao
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, Box 1272, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Joseph Sewell-Araya
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, Box 1272, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Alexander Small
- Department of Urology, Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Reza Mehrazin
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, Box 1272, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Michael Palese
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, Box 1272, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
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6
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Jiang S, Redelman-Sidi G. BCG in Bladder Cancer Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:3073. [PMID: 35804844 PMCID: PMC9264881 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BCG is a live attenuated strain of Mycobacterium bovis that is primarily used as a vaccine against tuberculosis. In the past four decades, BCG has also been used for the treatment of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). In patients with NMIBC, BCG reduces the risk of tumor recurrence and decreases the likelihood of progression to more invasive disease. Despite the long-term clinical experience with BCG, its mechanism of action is still being elucidated. Data from animal models and from human studies suggests that BCG activates both the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system eventually leading to tumor destruction. Herein, we review the current data regarding the mechanism of BCG and summarize the evidence for its clinical efficacy and recommended indications and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Jiang
- Urology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Gil Redelman-Sidi
- Infectious Diseases Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Contieri R, Lughezzani G, Buffi NM, Taverna G, Giacobbe A, Micheli E, Barra S, Colombo P, Vanni E, Guazzoni G, Lazzeri M, Hurle R. Could We Safely Avoid a Second Resection in Selected Patients With T1 Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer? Preliminary Results of Cost-Effectiveness Study From HUmanitas New Indications for ReTUR (HuNIRe) Multicenter Prospective Trial. Front Oncol 2022; 12:879399. [PMID: 35664755 PMCID: PMC9157494 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.879399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study is to assess whether restaging transurethral resection (ReTUR) could be safely replaced with urine cytology (UC) and in-office fiexible cystoscopy in selected T1 non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Materials and Methods This is an ongoing prospective multicenter trial enrolling patients diagnosed with T1 BC from 5 Italian centers. Patients with a macroscopically incomplete initial resection or absence of detrusor muscle were subjected to ReTUR according to European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines. Conversely, those with a complete tumor resection at initial TUR underwent UC at 3-4 weeks and in-office fiexible white-light and narrow-band cystoscopy at 4-6 weeks. In case of positive UC, or evidence of recurrence at cystoscopy, ReTUR was performed within 2 weeks. Otherwise, patients started Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) induction course without ReTUR. The primary endpoint was to determine the feasibility and the clinical utility of not performing ReTUR in selected T1 NMIBC patients. The secondary endpoint was to perform a cost-benefit analysis of this alternative approach. Results Since May 2020, among 87 patients presenting with T1, 76 patients were enrolled. Nineteen (25%) patients underwent standard ReTUR after initial resection, 10 (13.2%) due to the absence of the detrusor muscle and 9 (11.8%) due to a macroscopically incomplete initial TUR. Overall, 57 (75%) patients initially avoided immediate ReTUR and underwent UC plus in-office flexible cystoscopy. Among them, 38 (66.7%) had no evidence of residual disease and immediately started the BCG induction course. Nineteen patients (33.3%) underwent "salvage" ReTUR due to either positive UC (7; 12.3%) or suspicious cystoscopy (12; 21%). Considering only the patients who initially avoided the ReTUR, disease recurrence was observed in 10/57. The saving of resource for each safely avoided ReTUR was estimated to be 1,759 €. Considering the entire sample, we estimated a saving of 855 € per patient if compared with the EAU guideline approach. Conclusion The preliminary results of our trial suggested that ReTUR might be safely avoided in highly selected T1 BC patients with a complete resection at first TUR. Longer follow-up and larger sample size are needed to investigate the long-term oncological outcomes of this alternative approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Contieri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy,Department of Urology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Lughezzani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy,Department of Urology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicolò Maria Buffi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy,Department of Urology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Taverna
- Department of Urology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy,Urology Unit, Humanitas Mater Domini, Varese, Italy
| | - Alessandro Giacobbe
- Struttura Complessa (SC) Urology and Reconstructive Andrology, Humanitas Gradenigo Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Sabato Barra
- Department of Urology, Azienda Socio Sanitarie Territoriali (ASST) Melegnano-Martesana, Milan, Italy
| | - Piergiuseppe Colombo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy,Department of Pathology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Vanni
- Business Operations Office, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgio Guazzoni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy,Department of Urology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Lazzeri
- Department of Urology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy,*Correspondence: Massimo Lazzeri,
| | - Rodolfo Hurle
- Department of Urology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
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8
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Teoh JYC, Kamat AM, Black PC, Grivas P, Shariat SF, Babjuk M. Recurrence mechanisms of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer - a clinical perspective. Nat Rev Urol 2022; 19:280-294. [PMID: 35361927 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-022-00578-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is an early-stage cancer without invasion into the detrusor muscle layer. Transurethral resection of bladder tumour (TURBT) is a diagnostic and potentially curative procedure for NMIBC, but has some limitations, including difficulties in ascertaining complete tumour removal upon piecemeal resection and the possibility of tumour re-implantation after the procedure. The oncological control of NMIBC is far from satisfactory, with a 1-year recurrence rate of 15-61%, and a 5-year recurrence rate of 31-78%. Various recurrence mechanisms have been described for NMIBC, such as undetected tumours upon cystoscopy, incomplete resection during TURBT, tumour re-implantation after TURBT, drop metastasis from upper tract urothelial carcinoma and field change cancerization. Understanding the recurrence mechanisms from a clinical perspective has strong implications for the optimization of NMIBC oncological outcomes, as a cure for patients with NMIBC can only be achieved by tackling all possible recurrence mechanisms in a comprehensive manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Yuen-Chun Teoh
- S.H. Ho Urology Centre, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. .,European Association of Urology-Young Academic Urologists (EAU-YAU) Urothelial Cancer Working Group, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
| | - Ashish M Kamat
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Peter C Black
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Petros Grivas
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Washington, USA.,Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Shahrokh F Shariat
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA.,Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia.,Hourani Center for Applied Scientific Research, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan.,Department of Urology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Hospital Motol, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Babjuk
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Urology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Hospital Motol, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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Carboplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy versus observation after radical cystectomy in patients with pN1-3 urothelial bladder cancer. World J Urol 2022; 40:1489-1496. [PMID: 35142865 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-022-03948-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To test the impact of carboplatin-based ACT on overall survival (OS) in patients with pN1-3 cM0 BCa. METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted on 1057 patients with pTany pN1-3 cM0 urothelial BCa treated with or without carboplatin-based ACT after radical cystectomy and bilateral lymph-node dissection between 2002 and 2018 at 12 European and North-American hospitals. No patient received neoadjuvant chemotherapy or radiation therapy. Only patients with negative surgical margins at surgery were included. A 3:1 propensity score matching (PSM) was performed using logistic regression to adjust for baseline characteristics. Univariable and multivariable Cox regression analyses were used to predict the effect of carboplatin-based ACT on OS. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to display OS in the matched cohort. RESULTS Of the 1057 patients included in the study, 69 (6.5%) received carboplatin-based ACT. After PSM, 244 total patients were identified in two cohorts that did not differ for baseline characteristics. Death was recorded in 114 (46.7%) patients over a median follow-up of 19 months. In the multivariable Cox regression analyses, increasing age at surgery (hazard ratio [HR] 1.02, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01-1.06, p < 0.001) and increasing number of positive lymph nodes (HR 1.06, 95% CI 1.01-1.07, p = 0.02) were independent predictors of worse OS. The delivery of carboplatin-based ACT was not predictive of improved OS (HR 0.67, 95% CI 0.43-1.04, p = 0.08). The main limitations of this study are its retrospective design and the relatively low number of patients involved. CONCLUSIONS Carboplatin-based might not improve OS in patients with pN1-3 cM0 BCa. Our results underline the need for alternative therapies for cisplatin-ineligible patients.
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10
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Tse RTH, Zhao H, Wong CYP, Kong AWY, Chan RCK, To KF, Ng CF, Teoh JYC. In vitro assessment of intra-operative and post-operative environment in reducing bladder cancer recurrence. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22. [PMID: 34997063 PMCID: PMC8741939 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04035-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Urinary bladder cancer is a common cancer worldwide. Currently, the modality of treating and monitoring bladder cancer is wide. Nonetheless, the high recurrence rate of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer after surgical resection is still unsatisfactory. Hereby, our study demonstrated whether the intra-operative and post-operative environments will affect bladder cancer recurrence utilizing in vitro cell line model. Bladder cancer cell lines were submerged in four different irrigating fluids for assessing their tumorigenic properties. Our results showed that sterile water performed the best in terms of the magnitude of cytotoxicity to cell lines. Besides, we also investigated cytotoxic effects of the four irrigating agents as well as mitomycin C (MMC) in normothermic and hyperthermic conditions. We observed that sterile water and MMC had an increased cytotoxic effect to bladder cancer cell lines in hyperthermic conditions. Altogether, our results could be translated into clinical practice in the future by manipulating the intra-operative and post-operative conditions in order to lower the chance of residual cancer cells reimplant onto the bladder, which in turns, reducing the recurrence rate of bladder cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Tsz-Hei Tse
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Department of Surgery, S.H. Ho Urology Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 4/F LCW Clinical Sciences Building, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hongda Zhao
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Department of Surgery, S.H. Ho Urology Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 4/F LCW Clinical Sciences Building, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Christine Yim-Ping Wong
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Department of Surgery, S.H. Ho Urology Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 4/F LCW Clinical Sciences Building, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Angel Wing-Yan Kong
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Department of Surgery, S.H. Ho Urology Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 4/F LCW Clinical Sciences Building, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ronald Cheong-Kin Chan
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ka-Fai To
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi-Fai Ng
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Department of Surgery, S.H. Ho Urology Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 4/F LCW Clinical Sciences Building, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jeremy Yuen-Chun Teoh
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Department of Surgery, S.H. Ho Urology Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 4/F LCW Clinical Sciences Building, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China ,European Association of Urology-Young Academic Urologists (EAU-YAU) Urothelial Cancer Working Group, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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11
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Compérat E. Latest Developments and Current Problems in Bladder Cancer. World J Urol 2021; 39:4009-4010. [PMID: 34643773 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-021-03857-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Compérat
- Department of Pathology, Hôpital Tenon, Sorbonne University, Paris VI, Paris, France.
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12
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Ashrafi AN, Yip W, Graham JN, Yu V, Titus M, Widjaja W, Dickerson S, Berger AK, Desai MM, Gill IS, Aron M, Kim MP. Implementation of a multimodal opioid-sparing enhanced recovery pathway for robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy. J Robot Surg 2021; 16:715-721. [PMID: 34431025 DOI: 10.1007/s11701-021-01268-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the study is to evaluate the impact of a multimodal Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocol on perioperative opioid consumption and hospital length of stay (LOS) after robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP). We compared the first 176 patients enrolled in the protocol (ERAS group) with the previous 176 patients (non-ERAS group) at a single quaternary institution from December 2017 to June 2019. The ERAS protocol included a multimodal opioid-sparing regimen utilizing acetaminophen, gabapentin, celecoxib, and liposomal bupivacaine. Demographic data, co-morbidities, post-operative pain scores, post-operative opiate consumption measured by morphine milligram equivalents (MME), operating time, and LOS were collected. The two groups were compared using chi-squared, Fisher exact, or Student t tests as appropriate. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify predictors of prolonged LOS (> 1 day). The ERAS and non-ERAS groups were equivalent in terms of baseline characteristics and pathological data. The ERAS group had lower post-operative pain scores, post-operative opiate consumption (MME 15 vs. 46, p < 0.01), and LOS (1.2 vs. 1.7 days, p < 0.01) compared to the non-ERAS group. Only 22% in the ERAS cohort had a prolonged LOS compared to 39% of the non-ERAS group (p < 0.01). The ERAS protocol was a negative predictor of prolonged LOS on multivariable logistic regression analysis (odds ratio 0.39, 95% confidence interval 0.22-0.70, p < 0.01). A limitation of this study is its single-center retrospective design. The implementation of a multimodal opioid-sparing ERAS protocol was associated with improved pain control, reduced perioperative opioid usage, and shorter LOS after RARP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akbar N Ashrafi
- Keck School of Medicine, USC Institute of Urology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,Department of Urology, Northern Adelaide Local Health Network, South Australia Health, Adelaide, Australia. .,Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia. .,College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Wesley Yip
- Keck School of Medicine, USC Institute of Urology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - John N Graham
- Keck School of Medicine, USC Institute of Urology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Valerie Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Micha Titus
- Department of Anesthesiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - William Widjaja
- Department of Anesthesiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shane Dickerson
- Department of Anesthesiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andre K Berger
- Keck School of Medicine, USC Institute of Urology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mihir M Desai
- Keck School of Medicine, USC Institute of Urology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Inderbir S Gill
- Keck School of Medicine, USC Institute of Urology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Monish Aron
- Keck School of Medicine, USC Institute of Urology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael P Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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13
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Bobjer J, Hagberg O, Aljabery F, Gårdmark T, Jahnson S, Jerlström T, Sherif A, Ströck V, Häggström C, Holmberg L, Liedberg F. A population-based study on the effect of a routine second-look resection on survival in primary stage T1 bladder cancer. Scand J Urol 2021; 55:108-115. [PMID: 33678124 DOI: 10.1080/21681805.2021.1892179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the value of second-look resection (SLR) in stage T1 bladder cancer (BCa) with respect to progression-free survival (PFS), and also the secondary outcomes recurrence-free survival (RFS), bladder-cancer-specific survival (CSS), and cystectomy-free survival (CFS). PATIENTS AND METHODS The study included 2456 patients diagnosed with stage T1 BCa 2004-2009 with 5-yr follow-up registration in the nationwide Bladder Cancer Data Base Sweden (BladderBaSe). PFS, RFS, CSS, and CFS were evaluated in stage T1 BCa patients with or without routine SLR, using univariate and multivariable Cox regression with adjustment for multiple confounders (age, gender, tumour grade, intravesical treatment, hospital volume, comorbidity, and educational level). RESULTS SLR was performed in 642 (26%) individuals, and more frequently on patients who were aged < 75 yr, had grade 3 tumours, and had less comorbidity. There was no association between SLR and PFS (hazard ratio [HR] 1.1, confidence interval [CI] 0.85-1.3), RFS (HR 1.0, CI 0.90-1.2), CFS (HR 1.2, CI 0.95-1.5) or CSS (HR 1.1, CI 0.89-1.4). CONCLUSIONS We found similar survival outcomes in patients with and patients without SLR, but our study is likely affected by selection mechanisms. A randomised study defining the role of SLR in stage T1 BCa would be highly relevant to guide current praxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Bobjer
- Department of Urology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.,Institution of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Oskar Hagberg
- Institution of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Firas Aljabery
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Urology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Truls Gårdmark
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Staffan Jahnson
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Urology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Tomas Jerlström
- Department of Urology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Amir Sherif
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Viveka Ströck
- Department of Urology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Lars Holmberg
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Fredrik Liedberg
- Department of Urology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.,Institution of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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