1
|
Jiao M, Li J, Zhang M, Zhuang H, Li A, Liu L, Xue S, Liu L, Tang Y, Mao Y. Shellfish CO 2 excretion is modulated by seawater carbonate chemistry but largely independent of pCO 2. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:48027-48038. [PMID: 39017875 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34343-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Four species of shellfish, blue mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis), Pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai), zhikong scallops (Chlamys farreri), and Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas), were exposed to decoupled carbonate system variables to investigate the impacts of different seawater carbonate parameters on the CO2 excretion process of mariculture shellfish. Six experimental groups with two levels of seawater pH (pH 8.1 and pH 7.7) and three levels of total alkalinity (TA = 1000, 2300, and 3600 μmol/kg, respectively) were established, while pH 8.1 and TA = 2300 μmol/kg was taken as control. Results showed that the CO2 excretion rates of these tested shellfish were significantly affected by the change in carbonate chemistry (P < 0.05). At the same TA level, animals incubated in the acidified group (pH 7.7) had a lower CO2 excretion rate than those in the control group (pH 8.1). In comparison, at the same pH level, the CO2 excretion rate increased when seawater TA level was elevated. No significant correlation between the CO2 excretion rate and seawater pCO2 levels (P > 0.05) was found; however, a significant correlation (P < 0.05) between CO2 excretion rate and TA-DIC (the difference between total alkalinity and dissolved inorganic carbon) was observed. Blue mussel has a significantly higher CO2 excretion rate than the other three species in the CO2 excretions per unit mass of soft parts, with no significant difference observed among these three species. However, in terms of CO2 excretion rate per unit mass of gills, abalone has the highest CO2 excretion rate, while significant differences were found between each species. Our studies indicate that the CO2 buffering capacity impacts the CO2 excretion rate of four shellfish species largely independent of pCO2. Since CO2 excretion is related to acid-base balancing, the results imply that the effects of other carbonate parameters, particularly the CO2 buffering capacity, should be studied to fully understand the mechanism of how acidification affects shellfish. Besides, the species difference in gill to soft parts proportion may contribute to the species difference in responding to ocean acidification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Jiao
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, China.
| | - Meng Zhang
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Haonan Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Ang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Longzhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Suyan Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Lulei Liu
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Yuze Tang
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Yuze Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fehsenfeld S, Yoon GR, Quijada-Rodriguez AR, Kandachi-Toujas H, Calosi P, Breton S, Weihrauch D. Short-term exposure to high pCO 2 leads to decreased branchial cytochrome C oxidase activity in the presence of octopamine in a decapod. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2024; 291:111603. [PMID: 38346534 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2024.111603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
In a recent mechanistic study, octopamine was shown to promote proton transport over the branchial epithelium in green crabs, Carcinus maenas. Here, we follow up on this finding by investigating the involvement of octopamine in an environmental and physiological context that challenges acid-base homeostasis, the response to short-term high pCO2 exposure (400 Pa) in a brackish water environment. We show that hyperregulating green crabs experienced a respiratory acidosis as early as 6 h of exposure to hypercapnia, with a rise in hemolymph pCO2 accompanied by a simultaneous drop of hemolymph pH. The slightly delayed increase in hemolymph HCO3- observed after 24 h helped to restore hemolymph pH to initial values by 48 h. Circulating levels of the biogenic amine octopamine were significantly higher in short-term high pCO2 exposed crabs compared to control crabs after 48 h. Whole animal metabolic rates, intracellular levels of octopamine and cAMP, as well as branchial mitochondrial enzyme activities for complex I + III and citrate synthase were unchanged in posterior gill #7 after 48 h of hypercapnia. However, application of octopamine in gill respirometry experiments suppressed branchial metabolic rate in posterior gills of short-term high pCO2 exposed animals. Furthermore, branchial enzyme activity of cytochrome C oxidase decreased in high pCO2 exposed crabs after 48 h. Our results indicate that hyperregulating green crabs are capable of quickly counteracting a hypercapnia-induced respiratory acidosis. The role of octopamine in the acclimation of green crabs to short-term hypercapnia seems to entail the alteration of branchial metabolic pathways, possibly targeting mitochondrial cytochrome C in the gill. Our findings help advancing our current limited understanding of endocrine components in hypercapnia acclimation. SUMMARY STATEMENT: Acid-base compensation upon short-term high pCO2 exposure in hyperregulating green crabs started after 6 h and was accomplished by 48 h with the involvement of the biogenic amine octopamine, accumulation of hemolymph HCO3-, and regulation of mitochondrial complex IV (cytochrome C oxidase).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Fehsenfeld
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Écologique et Évolutive Marine, Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Canada; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
| | - Gwangseok R Yoon
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Canada
| | - Alex R Quijada-Rodriguez
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Department of Biology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Haluka Kandachi-Toujas
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Écologique et Évolutive Marine, Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Canada
| | - Piero Calosi
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Écologique et Évolutive Marine, Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Canada
| | - Sophie Breton
- Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Dirk Weihrauch
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Martins Medeiros IP, Souza MM. Acid times in physiology: A systematic review of the effects of ocean acidification on calcifying invertebrates. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 231:116019. [PMID: 37119846 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The reduction in seawater pH from rising levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the oceans has been recognized as an important force shaping the future of marine ecosystems. Therefore, numerous studies have reported the effects of ocean acidification (OA) in different compartments of important animal groups, based on field and/or laboratory observations. Calcifying invertebrates have received considerable attention in recent years. In the present systematic review, we have summarized the physiological responses to OA in coral, echinoderm, mollusk, and crustacean species exposed to predicted ocean acidification conditions in the near future. The Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed databases were used for the literature search, and 75 articles were obtained based on the inclusion criteria. Six main physiological responses have been reported after exposure to low pH. Growth (21.6%), metabolism (20.8%), and acid-base balance (17.6%) were the most frequent among the phyla, while calcification and growth were the physiological responses most affected by OA (>40%). Studies show that the reduction of pH in the aquatic environment, in general, supports the maintenance of metabolic parameters in invertebrates, with redistribution of energy to biological functions, generating limitations to calcification, which can have severe consequences for the health and survival of these organisms. It should be noted that the OA results are variable, with inter and/or intraspecific differences. In summary, this systematic review offers important scientific evidence for establishing paradigms in the physiology of climate change in addition to gathering valuable information on the subject and future research perspectives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isadora Porto Martins Medeiros
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Marta Marques Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Allen GJP, Sachs M, Nash MT, Quijada-Rodriguez AR, Klymasz-Swartz A, Weihrauch D. Identification of different physiological functions within the gills and epipodites of the American lobster: Differences in metabolism, transbranchial transport, and mRNA expression. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2023; 276:111344. [PMID: 36379379 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.111344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Transbranchial transport processes are responsible for the homeostatic regulation of most essential physiological functions in aquatic crustaceans. Due to their widespread use as laboratory models, brachyuran crabs are commonly used to predict how other decapod crustaceans respond to environmental stressors including ocean acidification and warming waters. Non-brachyuran species such as the economically-valuable American lobster, Homarus americanus, possess trichobranchiate gills and epipodites that are known to be anatomically distinct from the phyllobranchiate gills of brachyurans; however, studies have yet to define their potential physiological differences. Our results indicate that the pleuro-, arthro-, and podobranch gills of the lobster are functionally homogenous and similar to the respiratory gills of brachyurans as indicated by equivalent rates of H+Eq., CO2, HCO3-, and ammonia transport and mRNA expression of related transporters and enzymes. The epipodites were found to be functionally distinct, being capable of greater individual rates of H+Eq., CO2, and ammonia transport despite mRNA transcript levels of related transporters and enzymes being only a fraction found in the gills. Collectively, mathematical estimates infer that the gills are responsible for 91% of the lobster's branchial HCO3- accumulation whereas the epipodites are responsible for 66% of branchial ammonia excretion suggesting different mechanisms exist in these tissues. Furthermore, the greater metabolic rate and amino acid catabolism in the epipodites suggest that the tissue much of the CO2 and ammonia excreted by this tissue originates intracellularly rather than systemically. These results provide evidence that non-brachyuran species must be carefully compared to brachyuran models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Sachs
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Mikyla Tara Nash
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | | | - Aaron Klymasz-Swartz
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Dirk Weihrauch
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tripp A, Allen GJP, Quijada-Rodriguez AR, Yoon GR, Weihrauch D. Effects of single and dual-stressor elevation of environmental temperature and P CO2 on metabolism and acid-base regulation in the Louisiana red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2022; 266:111151. [PMID: 35026389 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.111151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Elevation of temperature and CO2 levels within the world's aquatic environments is expected to cause numerous physiological challenges to their inhabitants. While effects on marine ecosystems have been well studied, freshwater ecosystems have rarely been examined using a dual-stressor approach leaving our understanding of its inhabitants upon these challenges unclear. We aimed to identify the affects of elevated temperature and hypercapnia in isolation and in combination on the metabolic and acid-base regulatory processes of a freshwater crayfish, Procambarus clarkii. Crayfish were exposed to freshwater conditions that may be prevalent by the year 2100 and metabolic responses were determined after 14-days of exposure. In addition, changes in branchial mRNA expression of acid-base linked transporters were investigated. Interactions between exposure conditions influenced extracellular pH as well as the nitrogen physiology and routine metabolic rate of the crayfish. Crayfish exposed to individual and combined elevations in temperature and/or hypercapnia maintained an extracellular pH similar to that of control crayfish. Dual-stressor exposed crayfish seem to elevate the importance of ammonium as an excretable acid-equivalent based on an overall increase in the branchial mRNA expression of transporters related to ammonia excretion including the Na+/K+-ATPase, Rhesus-protein, and the V-type H+-ATPase. Overall, hypercapnia and dual-stressor conditions caused a metabolic depression that may have long-lasting consequences such as limited locomotion, growth, and reproduction. Future generations of crayfish given the chance to adapt over several generations may ameliorate these consequences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Tripp
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Garett J P Allen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3T 2N2, Canada
| | | | - Gwangseok R Yoon
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Dirk Weihrauch
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3T 2N2, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lin W, Lu J, Yao H, Lu Z, He Y, Mu C, Wang C, Shi C, Ye Y. Elevated pCO 2 alters the interaction patterns and functional potentials of rearing seawater microbiota. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 287:117615. [PMID: 34171732 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mean oceanic CO2 values have already risen and are expected to rise further on a global scale. Elevated pCO2 (eCO2) changes the bacterial community in seawater. However, the ecological association of seawater microbiota and related geochemical functions are largely unknown. We provide the first evidence that eCO2 alters the interaction patterns and functional potentials of microbiota in rearing seawater of the swimming crab, Portunus trituberculatus. Network analysis showed that eCO2 induced a simpler and more modular bacterial network in rearing seawater, with increased negative associations and distinct keystone taxa. Using the quantitative microbial element cycling method, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) cycling genes exhibited the highest increase after one week of eCO2 stress and were significantly associated with keystone taxa. However, the functional potential of seawater bacteria was decoupled from their taxonomic composition and strongly coupled with eCO2 levels. The changed functional potential of seawater bacteria contributed to seawater N and P chemistry, which was highlighted by markedly decreased NH3, NH4+-N, and PO43--P levels and increased NO2--N and NO3--N levels. This study suggests that eCO2 alters the interaction patterns and functional potentials of seawater microbiota, which lead to the changes of seawater chemical parameters. Our findings provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying the effects of eCO2 on marine animals from the microbial ecological perspective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weichuan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Chinese Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China
| | - Jiaqi Lu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Chinese Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China
| | - Huaiying Yao
- Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhibin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Chinese Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo, China
| | - Yimin He
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Chinese Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China
| | - Changkao Mu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Chinese Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China
| | - Chunlin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Chinese Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China
| | - Ce Shi
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Chinese Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China
| | - Yangfang Ye
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Chinese Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Maus B, Gutsfeld S, Bock C, Pörtner HO. Non-invasive MRI Studies of Ventilatory and Cardiovascular Performance in Edible Crabs Cancer pagurus During Warming Under Elevated CO 2 Levels. Front Physiol 2021; 11:596529. [PMID: 33505316 PMCID: PMC7831881 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.596529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The thermal tolerance of marine decapod crustacea is defined through their capacities for oxygen uptake and distribution. High ambient CO2 levels were previously shown to reduce hemolymph oxygen levels at enhanced cardiac performance during warming. This study investigated the impacts of warming under two CO2 levels on ventilation and hemolymph circulation in edible crabs Cancer pagurus. It also highlights changes in the ventilatory and cardiac pauses displayed by Decapoda under routine metabolism. Animals were exposed to step-wise, sub-critical warming (12–20°C over 5 days) under control (470 μatm) and high (1,350 μatm) water PCO2. Flow-through respirometry was combined with magnetic resonance imaging and infra-red photoplethysmography to allow for simultaneous, non-invasive measurements of metabolic rates (M˙O2), ventilation and cardiovascular performance. Crabs spent significantly more time in a low M˙O2 state (metabolic pause), when experiencing high CO2 conditions above 16°C, compared to normocapnic warming. Heart rates leveled off beyond 18°C at any CO2 level. Cardiac output continued to increase with high-CO2-warming, due to elevated cardiac stroke volumes. Consequently, temperature-dependent branchial hemolymph flow remained unaffected by CO2. Instead, a suppressing effect of CO2 on ventilation was found beyond 16°C. These results indicate constrained oxygen uptake at stable cardiovascular performance in a decapod crustacean. Cancer pagurus: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B750F89A-84B5-448B-8D80-EBD724A1C9D4
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bastian Maus
- Integrative Ecophysiology, Alfred-Wegener-Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany.,Department of Biology and Chemistry, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Gutsfeld
- Integrative Ecophysiology, Alfred-Wegener-Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Christian Bock
- Integrative Ecophysiology, Alfred-Wegener-Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Hans-Otto Pörtner
- Integrative Ecophysiology, Alfred-Wegener-Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany.,Department of Biology and Chemistry, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lin W, Ren Z, Mu C, Ye Y, Wang C. Effects of Elevated pCO 2 on the Survival and Growth of Portunus trituberculatus. Front Physiol 2020; 11:750. [PMID: 32754046 PMCID: PMC7367060 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying the response of Portunus trituberculatus to ocean acidification (OA) is critical to understanding the future development of this commercially important Chinese crab species. Recent studies have reported negative effects of OA on crustaceans. Here, we subjected swimming crabs to projected oceanic CO2 levels (current: 380 μatm; 2100: 750 μatm; 2200: 1500 μatm) for 4 weeks and analyzed the effects on survival, growth, digestion, antioxidant capacity, immune function, tissue metabolites, and gut bacteria of the crabs and on seawater bacteria. We integrated these findings to construct a structural equation model to evaluate the contribution of these variables to the survival and growth of swimming crabs. Reduced crab growth shown under OA is significantly correlated with changes in gut, muscle, and hepatopancreas metabolites whereas enhanced crab survival is significantly associated with changes in the carbonate system, seawater and gut bacteria, and activities of antioxidative and digestive enzymes. In addition, seawater bacteria appear to play a central role in the digestion, stress response, immune response, and metabolism of swimming crabs and their gut bacteria. We predict that if anthropogenic CO2 emissions continue to rise, future OA could lead to severe alterations in antioxidative, immune, and metabolic functions and gut bacterial community composition in the swimming crabs through direct oxidative stress and/or indirect seawater bacterial roles. These effects appear to mediate improved survival, but at the cost of growth of the swimming crabs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weichuan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Chinese Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhiming Ren
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Chinese Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-Efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo, China
| | - Changkao Mu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Chinese Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China
| | - Yangfang Ye
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Chinese Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China
| | - Chunlin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Chinese Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Small DP, Calosi P, Rastrick SPS, Turner LM, Widdicombe S, Spicer JI. The effects of elevated temperature and PCO2 on the energetics and haemolymph pH homeostasis of juveniles of the European lobster, Homarus gammarus. J Exp Biol 2020; 223:223/8/jeb209221. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.209221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Regulation of extracellular acid–base balance, while maintaining energy metabolism, is recognised as an important aspect when defining an organism's sensitivity to environmental changes. This study investigated the haemolymph buffering capacity and energy metabolism (oxygen consumption, haemolymph [l-lactate] and [protein]) in early benthic juveniles (carapace length <40 mm) of the European lobster, Homarus gammarus, exposed to elevated temperature and PCO2. At 13°C, H. gammarus juveniles were able to fully compensate for acid–base disturbances caused by the exposure to elevated seawater PCO2 at levels associated with ocean acidification and carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) leakage scenarios, via haemolymph [HCO3−] regulation. However, metabolic rate remained constant and food consumption decreased under elevated PCO2, indicating reduced energy availability. Juveniles at 17°C showed no ability to actively compensate haemolymph pH, resulting in decreased haemolymph pH particularly under CCS conditions. Early benthic juvenile lobsters at 17°C were not able to increase energy intake to offset increased energy demand and therefore appear to be unable to respond to acid–base disturbances due to increased PCO2 at elevated temperature. Analysis of haemolymph metabolites suggests that, even under control conditions, juveniles were energetically limited. They exhibited high haemolymph [l-lactate], indicating recourse to anaerobic metabolism. Low haemolymph [protein] was linked to minimal non-bicarbonate buffering and reduced oxygen transport capacity. We discuss these results in the context of potential impacts of ongoing ocean change and CCS leakage scenarios on the development of juvenile H. gammarus and future lobster populations and stocks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P. Small
- Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300 Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC, G5L 3A1, Canada
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, Devon PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Piero Calosi
- Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300 Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC, G5L 3A1, Canada
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, Devon PL4 8AA, UK
| | | | - Lucy M. Turner
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, Devon PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Stephen Widdicombe
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, West Hoe, Plymouth, Devon PL1 3DH, UK
| | - John I. Spicer
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, Devon PL4 8AA, UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Melzner F, Mark FC, Seibel BA, Tomanek L. Ocean Acidification and Coastal Marine Invertebrates: Tracking CO 2 Effects from Seawater to the Cell. ANNUAL REVIEW OF MARINE SCIENCE 2020; 12:499-523. [PMID: 31451083 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-marine-010419-010658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the last few decades, numerous studies have investigated the impacts of simulated ocean acidification on marine species and communities, particularly those inhabiting dynamic coastal systems. Despite these research efforts, there are many gaps in our understanding, particularly with respect to physiological mechanisms that lead to pathologies. In this review, we trace how carbonate system disturbances propagate from the coastal environment into marine invertebrates and highlight mechanistic links between these disturbances and organism function. We also point toward several processes related to basic invertebrate biology that are severely understudied and prevent an accurate understanding of how carbonate system dynamics influence organismic homeostasis and fitness-related traits. We recommend that significant research effort be directed to studying cellular phenotypes of invertebrates acclimated or adapted to elevated seawater pCO2 using biochemical and physiological methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Melzner
- Marine Ecology Research Division, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany;
| | - Felix C Mark
- Department of Integrative Ecophysiology, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany;
| | - Brad A Seibel
- College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, Florida 33701, USA;
| | - Lars Tomanek
- Department of Biological Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Non-invasive quantification of cardiac stroke volume in the edible crab Cancer pagurus. Front Zool 2020; 16:46. [PMID: 31889965 PMCID: PMC6909657 DOI: 10.1186/s12983-019-0344-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Brachyuran crabs can effectively modulate cardiac stroke volume independently of heart rate in response to abiotic drivers. Non-invasive techniques can help to improve the understanding of cardiac performance parameters of these animals. This study demonstrates the in vivo quantification of cardiac performance parameters through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on the edible crab Cancer pagurus. Furthermore, the suitability of signal integrals of infra-red photoplethysmographs as a qualitative tool is assessed under severe hypoxia. Results Multi-slice self-gated cardiac cinematic (CINE) MRI revealed the structure and motion of the ventricle to quantify heart rates, end-diastolic volume, end-systolic volume, stroke volume and ejection fraction. CINE MRI showed that stroke volumes increased under hypoxia because of a reduction of end-systolic volumes at constant end-diastolic volumes. Plethysmograph recordings allowed for automated heart rate measurements but determination of a qualitative stroke volume proxy strongly depended on the position of the sensor on the animal. Both techniques revealed a doubling in stroke volumes after 6 h under severe hypoxia (water PO2 = 15% air saturation). Conclusions MRI has allowed for detailed descriptions of cardiac performance in intact animals under hypoxia. The temporal resolution of quantitative non-invasive CINE MRI is limited but should encourage further refining. The stroke volume proxy based on plethysmograph recordings is feasible to complement other cardiac measurements over time. The presented methods allow for non-destructive in vivo determinations of multiple cardiac performance parameters, with the possibility to study neuro-hormonal or environmental effects on decapod cardio physiology.
Collapse
|
12
|
Studying the cardiovascular system of a marine crustacean with magnetic resonance imaging at 9.4 T. MAGNETIC RESONANCE MATERIALS IN PHYSICS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2019; 32:567-579. [PMID: 31124010 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-019-00752-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES An approach is presented for high-field MRI studies of the cardiovascular system (CVS) of a marine crustacean, the edible crab Cancer pagurus, submerged in highly conductive seawater. MATERIALS AND METHODS Structure and function of the CVS were investigated at 9.4 T. Cardiac motion was studied using self-gated CINE MRI. Imaging protocols and radio-frequency coil arrangements were tested for anatomical imaging. Haemolymph flow was quantified using phase-contrast angiography. Signal-to-noise-ratios and flow velocities in afferent and efferent branchial veins were compared with Student's t test (n = 5). RESULTS Seawater induced signal losses were dependent on imaging protocols and RF coil setup. Internal cardiac structures could be visualized with high spatial resolution within 8 min using a gradient-echo technique. Variations in haemolymph flow in different vessels could be determined over time. Maximum flow was similar within individual vessels and corresponded to literature values from Doppler measurements. Heart contractions were more pronounced in lateral and dorso-ventral directions than in the anterior-posterior direction. DISCUSSION Choosing adequate imaging protocols in combination with a specific RF coil arrangement allows to monitor various parts of the crustacean CVS with exceptionally high spatial resolution despite the adverse effects of seawater at 9.4 T.
Collapse
|
13
|
Haley JA, Hampton D, Marder E. Two central pattern generators from the crab, Cancer borealis, respond robustly and differentially to extreme extracellular pH. eLife 2018; 7:41877. [PMID: 30592258 PMCID: PMC6328273 DOI: 10.7554/elife.41877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The activity of neuronal circuits depends on the properties of the constituent neurons and their underlying synaptic and intrinsic currents. We describe the effects of extreme changes in extracellular pH – from pH 5.5 to 10.4 – on two central pattern generating networks, the stomatogastric and cardiac ganglia of the crab, Cancer borealis. Given that the physiological properties of ion channels are known to be sensitive to pH within the range tested, it is surprising that these rhythms generally remained robust from pH 6.1 to pH 8.8. The pH sensitivity of these rhythms was highly variable between animals and, unexpectedly, between ganglia. Animal-to-animal variability was likely a consequence of similar network performance arising from variable sets of underlying conductances. Together, these results illustrate the potential difficulty in generalizing the effects of environmental perturbation across circuits, even within the same animal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Haley
- Volen Center and Biology Department, Brandeis University, Waltham, United States
| | - David Hampton
- Volen Center and Biology Department, Brandeis University, Waltham, United States
| | - Eve Marder
- Volen Center and Biology Department, Brandeis University, Waltham, United States
| |
Collapse
|