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Ulak M, Kvestad I, Chandyo RK, Schwinger C, Basnet S, Shrestha M, Ranjitkar S, Nguyen LV, Corona-Pérez D, De Vivo I, Ueland PM, McCann A, Strand TA. The Effect of Vitamin B 12 Supplementation on Leukocyte Telomere Length in Mildly Stunted Nepalese Children: A Secondary Outcome of a Randomized Controlled Trial. J Nutr 2023:S0022-3166(23)72669-2. [PMID: 37918674 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin B12 is essential for deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis and genome stability. A deficiency of vitamin B12 is associated with telomere shortening, genomic aging, and increased risk of chronic disease and mortality. OBJECTIVES The study aims to determine the effect of vitamin B12 supplementation on leukocyte telomere length (LTL) in infants at risk of vitamin B12 deficiency. METHODS The study was a predefined secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial enrolling 600 Nepalese infants aged 6 -11 mo, who were supplemented with 2 μg (2-3 recommended daily allowances) vitamin B12 or placebo daily for 1 y. At the end of the study, LTL was measured in 497 participants. Mean LTL was compared between the treatment arms in the full sample and predefined subgroups based on markers of vitamin B12 status, hemoglobin, sex, and growth indices. RESULTS LTL at end-study did not differ between the vitamin B12 and placebo arm with a standardized mean difference (95% confidence interval) of 0.04 (-0.14, 0.21). There was no effect of vitamin B12 on LTL in any of the subgroups. CONCLUSIONS Providing daily vitamin B12 for 1 y during infancy in a population at risk of vitamin B12 deficiency does not affect LTL. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02272842.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjeswori Ulak
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Ingrid Kvestad
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth - Mental Health and Child Welfare, Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway; Department of Research, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Lillehammer, Norway
| | - Ram K Chandyo
- Department of Community Medicine, Kathmandu Medical College, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Catherine Schwinger
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Sudha Basnet
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Merina Shrestha
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Suman Ranjitkar
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Linda Vy Nguyen
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; United States and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital - Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Diana Corona-Pérez
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; United States and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital - Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Immaculata De Vivo
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; United States and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital - Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | | | - Tor A Strand
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Research, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Lillehammer, Norway.
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Fu J, Liu Q, Zhu Y, Sun C, Duan H, Huang L, Zhou D, Wang Z, Zhao J, Li Z, Ma F, Li W, Liu H, Zhang X, Chen Y, Wang G, Du Y, Huang G. Circulating folate concentrations and the risk of mild cognitive impairment: a prospective study on the older Chinese population without folic acid fortification. Eur J Neurol 2022; 29:2913-2924. [PMID: 35735052 DOI: 10.1111/ene.15474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The longitudinal association between serum folate concentrations and the risk of cognitive impairment remains unclear in populations with low folate levels. We examined the association between serum folate concentrations and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in older adults in China, where mandatory fortification of foods with folic acid was not implemented. We further explored if homocysteine (Hcy) and leukocyte telomere length (LTL) mediate the association between serum folate and MCI. METHODS We performed a longitudinal analysis of 3974 participants aged ≥ 60 years from the Tianjin Elderly Nutrition and Cognition (TENC) cohort study. The associations between serum folate level and the risk of cognitive impairment overall and stratified by apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 genotypes were evaluated using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models. The mediating effects of Hcy and LTL on the folate-MCI association were explored via a path analysis approach. RESULTS Within a 3-year follow-up, we documented 560 incident MCI cases. After multivariable adjustment, higher serum folate concentrations were associated with lower incidence of MCI, with hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) across quartiles of folate (from lowest to highest concentrations) of 1.00 (reference), 0.66 (0.52, 0.83), 0.57 (0.45, 0.73), 0.66 (0.52, 0.84), respectively (P for trend < 0.001). In mediation analyses, the status of serum folate deficiency and MCI were correlated via two intermediary pathways, Hcy and Hcy-telomere (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Lower folate concentrations, independently of APOE genotype, were associated with increased risk of MCI among elderly Chinese people, a population with relatively low folate intake. Our data were compatible with the mediation hypothesis that the association between folate status and MCI was mediated by Hcy and LTL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhu Fu
- Department of Nutrition & Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Nutrition & Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Yun Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Changqing Sun
- Neurosurgical Department of Baodi Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Huilian Duan
- Department of Nutrition & Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Ling Huang
- Department of Nutrition & Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Dezheng Zhou
- Department of Nutrition & Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Zehao Wang
- Department of Nutrition & Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Nutrition & Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhenshu Li
- Department of Nutrition & Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Fei Ma
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Nutrition & Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Nutrition & Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Xumei Zhang
- Department of Nutrition & Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Yongjie Chen
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Guangshun Wang
- Department of Tumor, Baodi Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yue Du
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Guowei Huang
- Department of Nutrition & Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
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Ng GYQ, Hande V, Ong MH, Wong BWX, Loh ZWL, Ho WD, Handison LB, Tan IMSP, Fann DY, Arumugam TV, Hande MP. Effects of dietary interventions on telomere dynamics. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2022; 876-877:503472. [PMID: 35483787 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2022.503472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Telomeres play a critical role in maintaining cellular fate through tight regulation of cell division and DNA damage or repair. Over the years, it is established that biological ageing is defined by a gradual derangement in functionality, productivity, and robustness of biological processes. The link between telomeres and ageing is highlighted when derangement in telomere biology often leads to premature ageing and concomitant accompaniment of numerous age-associated diseases. Unfortunately, given that ageing is a biologically complicated intricacy, measures to reduce morbidity and improve longevity are still largely in the infancy stage. Recently, it was discovered that dietary habits and interventions might play a role in promoting successful healthy ageing. The intricate relationship between dietary components and its potential to protect the integrity of telomeres may provide unprecedented health benefits and protection against age-related pathologies. However, more focused prospective and follow-up studies with and without interventions are needed to unequivocally link dietary interventions with telomere maintenance in humans. This review aims to summarise recent findings that investigate the roles of nutrition on telomere biology and provide enough evidence for further studies to consider the topic of nutrigenomics and its contributions toward healthy ageing and concomitant strategy against age-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin Yong-Quan Ng
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Varsha Hande
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Min Hui Ong
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Beverly Wen-Xin Wong
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zachary Wai-Loon Loh
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei D Ho
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lionel B Handison
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - David Y Fann
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Centre for Healthy Longevity, National University Health System (NUHS), Singapore
| | - Thiruma V Arumugam
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea; Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - M Prakash Hande
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India; Mangalore University, Mangalore, India.
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Chen W, Shi S, Jiang Y, Chen L, Liao Y, Chen K, Huang K. Association Between Riboflavin Intake and Telomere Length: A Cross-Sectional Study From National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2002. Front Nutr 2022; 9:744397. [PMID: 35433791 PMCID: PMC9009291 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.744397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dietary habits and dietary intake affect telomere length, a reliable marker of biological aging and a predictor of chronic disease. Riboflavin (RF) is known as a water-soluble antioxidant vitamin, but its role in telomere length maintenance has yet to be elucidated. Objective The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between dietary RF intake and telomere length in a nationally representative sample of adults. Methods Using the NHANES (1999–2002), telomere data of 4,298 participants aged ≥45 years were analyzed in a cross-sectional manner. Leukocyte telomere length was measured using the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Dietary RF intake was assessed by a trained interviewer using 24-h dietary recall method. Generalized linear regressions were performed to evaluate the association between dietary RF intake and telomere length. Subgroup analyses were performed to further explore this relationship in sex and body mass index (BMI) subgroups. Results Among the 3,788 participants included, the average telomere length was longer in females (P = 0.014), while they had a lower average RF intake compared to males (P < 0.001). There was a weak positive correlation between RF intake and telomere length both when unadjusted (β = 0.011; P = 0.037) and adjusted for age, sex, and ethnicity (β = 0.013; P = 0.033). Subgroup analyses showed a positive association between RF intake and the telomere length in female after adjusting for confounding factors (β = 0.029; P = 0.046). In the female subgroup, there were significant positive relationships between telomere length and RF intake in the obese group (β = 0.086, P = 0.022). Conclusion Increased dietary RF intake was significantly associated with longer telomere length in middle-aged and older American females, especially in low RF intake obese female.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Chen
- Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Longyan, China
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Shi
- Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Longyan, China
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yizhou Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Liling Chen
- Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Longyan, China
| | - Ying Liao
- Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Longyan, China
- Ying Liao,
| | - Kaihong Chen
- Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Longyan, China
- Kaihong Chen,
| | - Kun Huang
- Center for Statistical Science, Department of Industrial Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Kun Huang,
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Semeraro MD, Almer G, Renner W, Gruber HJ, Herrmann M. Telomere length in leucocytes and solid tissues of young and aged rats. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:1713-1728. [PMID: 35220278 PMCID: PMC8908913 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background: Telomeres are protective nucleoprotein structures at the end of chromosomes that shorten with age. Telomere length (TL) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) has been proposed as surrogate marker for TL in the entire organism. Solid evidence that supports this concept is lacking. Methods: Relative TL (RTL) was measured in PBMCS and multiple solid tissues from 24 young (4 months) and 24 aged (14 months) Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. The mRNA expression of telomerase (TERT) and shelterin proteins TERF-1 and TERF-2 was also measured. Results: Mean RTL in PBMCs and solid tissues of young rats ranged from 0.64 ± 0.26 in large intestine to 1.07 ± 0.22 in skeletal muscle. RTL in PBMCs correlated with that in kidney (r = 0.315, p = 0.008), skeletal muscle (r = 0.276, p = 0.022), liver (r = 0.269, p = 0.033), large intestine (r = −0.463, p = 7.035E-5) and aorta (r = −0.273, p = 0.028). A significant difference of RTL between young and aged animals was only observed in aorta (0.98 ± 0.15 vs. 0.76 ± 0.11, p = 1.987E-6), lung (0.76 ± 0.14 vs. 0.85 ± 0.14, p = 0.024) and visceral fat (0.83 ± 0.14 vs. 0.92 ± 0.15, p = 0.44). The expression of TERT significantly differed between the tested organs with highest levels in liver and kidney. Age-related differences in TERT expression were found in PBMCs, skeletal muscle, and visceral fat. mRNA expression of TERF-1 and TERF-2 was tissue-specific with the highest levels in liver. Age-related differences in TERF-1 and TERF-2 expression were inconsistent. Conclusions: The present study questions the utility of RTL in PBMCs as a biomarker for the individual assessment of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Donatella Semeraro
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics (CIMCL), Medical University of Graz, Graz 8036, Austria
| | - Gunter Almer
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics (CIMCL), Medical University of Graz, Graz 8036, Austria
| | - Wilfried Renner
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics (CIMCL), Medical University of Graz, Graz 8036, Austria
| | - Hans-Jürgen Gruber
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics (CIMCL), Medical University of Graz, Graz 8036, Austria
| | - Markus Herrmann
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics (CIMCL), Medical University of Graz, Graz 8036, Austria
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Low folate predicts accelerated cognitive decline: 8-year follow-up of 3140 older adults in Ireland. Eur J Clin Nutr 2022; 76:950-957. [PMID: 35022554 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-021-01057-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine associations of plasma folate concentrations and risk of global and domain-specific cognitive decline in older people. METHODS Data of 3140 participants from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA), a nationally-representative cohort of adults aged ≥50 years were used over 8-year follow-up. Biannual cognitive assessments included the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), verbal fluency and immediate and delayed word recall tests (Waves 1-5) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, (MoCA) (Waves 1 and 3). Plasma folate concentrations were measured in stored blood collected at baseline. Mixed effects Poisson and linear regression determined associations between baseline folate concentrations and cognition. RESULTS In multivariable-adjusted models of those aged ≥50 years at baseline, low folate at baseline (<11.2 nmol/L) was associated with higher proportions of MMSE errors (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 1.10; 95% confidence interval [CI] (1.00, 1.21), lowest vs. highest quintile) over 8 years. Plasma folate <21.8 nmol/L predicted declines in episodic memory for immediate (beta [β] = -0.26; 95% CI (-0.48, -0.03), β = -0.29; 95% CI (-0.50, 0.08) and β = -0.29; (-0.50, -0.08), for lowest three vs. highest quintile) and delayed recall (β = -0.20; 95% CI (-0.38, -0.01), β = -0.18; 95% CI (-0.37, -0.01) and β = -0.19; (-0.36, -0.01) lowest three vs. highest quintile). There were no significant associations in a subsample aged ≥65 years. CONCLUSION In those aged ≥50 years, lower concentrations of folate may have differential relationships with cognitive domains. Folate <11.2 nmol/L predicted a decline in global cognitive function, while <21.8 nmol/L predicted poorer episodic memory. Low folate was associated with accelerated decline in cognitive function and is an important marker for cognitive decline among older people.
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Guzonjić A, Sopić M, Ostanek B, Kotur-Stevuljević J. Telomere length as a biomarker of aging and diseases. ARHIV ZA FARMACIJU 2022. [DOI: 10.5937/arhfarm72-36376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
As research related to healthspan and lifespan has become a hot topic, the necessity for a reliable and practical biomarker of aging (BoA), which can provide information about mortality and morbidity risk, along with remaining life expectancy, has increased. The chromosome terminus non-coding protective structure that prevents genomic instability is called a telomere. The continual shortening of telomeres, which affects their structure as well as function, is a hallmark of agedness. The aforementioned process is a potential cause of age-related diseases (ARDs), leading to a bad prognosis and a low survival rate, which compromise health and longevity. Hence, studies scrutinizing the BoAs often include telomere length (TL) as a prospective candidate. The results of these studies suggest that TL measurement can only provide an approximate appraisal of the aging rate, and its implementation into clinical practice and routine use as a BoA has many limitations and challenges. Nevertheless, measuring TL while determining other biomarkers can be used to assess biological age. This review focuses on the importance of telomeres in health, senescence, and diseases, as well as on summarizing the results and conclusions of previous studies evaluating TL as a potential BoA.
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Zhang G, Liu S, Chen Z, Shi Z, Hu W, Ma L, Wang X, Li X, Ji Y. Association of Elevated Plasma Total Homocysteine With Dementia With Lewy Bodies: A Case-Control Study. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:724990. [PMID: 34720990 PMCID: PMC8555428 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.724990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Elevated plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) level, a known risk factor for vascular disease, is reported to be an independent risk factor for cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in most studies. tHcy may also be associated with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Objective: To investigate the association between plasma tHcy levels and DLB or AD. Methods: This is a case-control study including 132 DLB patients, 264 AD patients, and 295 age-matched healthy controls. We used multivariate logistic regression model to analyze the data with adjustments for confounding variables. Results: The highest tHcy tertile (>13.9 μmol/L) was significantly independently associated with DLB [adjusted odds ratio (OR): 4.65, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.95–11.10, P = 0.001] and AD (adjusted OR: 1.82, 95% CI: 1.02–3.23, P = 0.041) compared to the lowest tertile (<10.7 μmol/L). The cumulative frequency plots showed a shift in the distribution of the tHcy concentrations to higher values in patients with DLB compared to AD. The mean tHcy levels were stable and not altered by the duration of cognitive impairment prior to the collection of blood samples from DLB patients. Conclusion: Elevated plasma tHcy levels were independently associated with DLB, and the association was stronger for DLB than for AD. The lack of a relationship between tHcy levels and symptom duration may refute these observed associations being a consequence of DLB, and future longitudinal studies will be required to confirm whether tHcy plays a causative role in DLB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guili Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular and of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin, China.,Department of Neurology, Tianjin Dementia Institute, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhichao Chen
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihong Shi
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular and of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin, China.,Department of Neurology, Tianjin Dementia Institute, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenzheng Hu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lingyun Ma
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular and of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin, China.,Department of Neurology, Tianjin Dementia Institute, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xudong Li
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Ji
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular and of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin, China.,Department of Neurology, Tianjin Dementia Institute, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
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9
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Zhou D, Lv X, Wang Y, Liu H, Luo S, Li W, Huang G. Folic acid alleviates age-related cognitive decline and inhibits apoptosis of neurocytes in senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8: deoxythymidine triphosphate biosynthesis as a potential mechanism. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 97:108796. [PMID: 34102282 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Disturbed deoxythymidine triphosphate biosynthesis due to the inhibition of thymidylate synthase (TS) can lead to uracil accumulation in DNA, eventually, lead to neurocytes apoptosis and cognitive decline. Folic acid supplementation delayed cognitive decline and neurodegeneration in senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8). Whether folic acid, one of nutrition factor, the effect on the expression of TS is unknown. The study aimed to determine if folic acid supplementation could alleviate age-related cognitive decline and apoptosis of neurocytes by increasing TS expression in SAMP8 mice. According to folic acid concentration in diet, four-month-old male SAMP8 mice were randomly divided into three different diet groups by baseline body weight in equal numbers. Moreover, to evaluate the role of TS, a TS inhibitor was injected intraperitoneal. Cognitive test, apoptosis rates of neurocytes, expression of TS, relative uracil level in telomere, and telomere length in brain tissue were detected. The results showed that folic acid supplementation decreased deoxyuridine monophosphate accumulation, uracil misincorporation in telomere, alleviated telomere length shorting, increased expression of TS, then decreased apoptosis rates of neurocytes, and alleviated cognitive performance in SAMP8 mice. Moreover, at the same concentration of folic acid, TS inhibitor raltitrexed increased deoxyuridine monophosphate accumulation, uracil misincorporation in telomere, and exacerbated telomere length shorting, decreased expression of TS, then increased apoptosis rates of neurocytes, and decreased cognitive performance in SAMP8 mice. In conclusion, folic acid supplementation alleviated age-related cognitive decline and inhibited apoptosis of neurocytes by increasing TS expression in SAMP8 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dezheng Zhou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Lv
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yalan Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Suhui Luo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China.
| | - Guowei Huang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China.
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10
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Gruber HJ, Semeraro MD, Renner W, Herrmann M. Telomeres and Age-Related Diseases. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9101335. [PMID: 34680452 PMCID: PMC8533433 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomeres are at the non-coding ends of linear chromosomes. Through a complex 3-dimensional structure, they protect the coding DNA and ensure appropriate separation of chromosomes. Aging is characterized by a progressive shortening of telomeres, which compromises their structure and function. Because of their protective function for genomic DNA, telomeres appear to play an important role in the development and progression of many age-related diseases, such as cardiovascular disease (CVD), malignancies, dementia, and osteoporosis. Despite substantial evidence that links telomere length with these conditions, the nature of these observations remains insufficiently understood. Therefore, future studies should address the question of causality. Furthermore, analytical methods should be further improved with the aim to provide informative and comparable results. This review summarize the actual knowledge of telomere biology and the possible implications of telomere dysfunction for the development and progression of age-related diseases. Furthermore, we provide an overview of analytical techniques for the measurement of telomere length and telomerase activity.
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11
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Ilozumba MN, Cheng TYD, Neuhouser ML, Miller JW, Beresford SAA, Duggan DJ, Toriola AT, Song X, Zheng Y, Bailey LB, Shadyab AH, Liu S, Malysheva O, Caudill MA, Ulrich CM. Associations between Plasma Choline Metabolites and Genetic Polymorphisms in One-Carbon Metabolism in Postmenopausal Women: The Women's Health Initiative Observational Study. J Nutr 2020; 150:2874-2881. [PMID: 32939549 PMCID: PMC7675024 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Choline plays an integral role in one-carbon metabolism in the body, but it is unclear whether genetic polymorphisms are associated with variations in plasma choline and its metabolites. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate the association of genetic variants in choline and one-carbon metabolism with plasma choline and its metabolites. METHODS We analyzed data from 1423 postmenopausal women in a case-control study nested within the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study. Plasma concentrations of choline, betaine, dimethylglycine (DMG), and trimethylamine N-oxide were determined in 12-h fasting blood samples collected at baseline (1993-1998). Candidate and tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped in betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase (BHMT), BHMT2, 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (NADP+ dependent 1) (MTHFD1), 5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase (MTR), and 5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase reductase (MTRR). Linear regression was used to derive percentage difference in plasma concentrations per variant allele, adjusting for confounders, including B-vitamin biomarkers. Potential effect modification by plasma vitamin B-12, vitamin B-6, and folate concentrations and folic-acid fortification periods was examined. RESULTS The candidate SNP BHMT R239Q (rs3733890) was associated with lower concentrations of plasma betaine and DMG concentrations (-4.00% and -6.75% per variant allele, respectively; both nominal P < 0.05). Another candidate SNP, BHMT2 rs626105 A>G, was associated with higher plasma DMG concentration (13.0%; P < 0.0001). Several tagSNPs in these 2 genes were associated with plasma concentrations after correction for multiple comparisons. Vitamin B-12 status was a significant effect modifier of the association between the genetic variant BHMT2 rs626105 A>G and plasma DMG concentration. CONCLUSIONS Genetic variations in metabolic enzymes were associated with plasma concentrations of choline and its metabolites. Our findings contribute to the knowledge on the variation in blood nutrient concentrations in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marian L Neuhouser
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Joshua W Miller
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Shirley A A Beresford
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA,Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David J Duggan
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Adetunji T Toriola
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Xiaoling Song
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Yingye Zheng
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lynn B Bailey
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Aladdin H Shadyab
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Simin Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA,Department of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Olga Malysheva
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Marie A Caudill
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Cornelia M Ulrich
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA,Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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12
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Rabensteiner J, Hofer E, Fauler G, Fritz-Petrin E, Benke T, Dal-Bianco P, Ransmayr G, Schmidt R, Herrmann M. The impact of folate and vitamin B12 status on cognitive function and brain atrophy in healthy elderly and demented Austrians, a retrospective cohort study. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:15478-15491. [PMID: 32706338 PMCID: PMC7467363 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dementia, and in particular Alzheimer's disease (AD), is a debilitating progressive disease with high prevalence in our society. Vitamin B12 and folate deficiency are potential modifiable risk factors. However, previous studies reported inconsistent results. RESULTS The average concentrations of all biochemical markers were within the respective reference ranges. Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses did not reveal significant associations between biochemical markers and cognitive function, global or regional brain volume, cortical thickness or cortical surface area, neither in controls nor in AD patients. CONCLUSIONS Variations of direct and indirect markers of B12 and folate status are not associated with cognitive dysfunction and brain atrophy. METHODS This retrospective study explored the association between biochemical markers of B12 and folate status, cognitive function and MRI-based brain atrophy in cognitive normal elderly (controls) and AD patients. Folate, total and active vitamin B12 and MMA were measured in blood samples from 378 controls and 217 AD patients. Neuropsychiatric tests capturing memory, executive function and visuopractical skills were performed in all participants. Brain atrophy was assessed by MRI in 155 controls and 217 AD patients. In a subset of participants cognitive testing (n=234) and MRI (n=182) was repeated after an average median between 1.25 and 6.25 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Rabensteiner
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Edith Hofer
- Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Günter Fauler
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Eva Fritz-Petrin
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas Benke
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Peter Dal-Bianco
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard Ransmayr
- Department of Neurology 2, Med Campus III, Faculty of Medicine, Johannes Kepler University, Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria
| | - Reinhold Schmidt
- Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Markus Herrmann
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
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13
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Semeraro MD, Smith C, Kaiser M, Levinger I, Duque G, Gruber HJ, Herrmann M. Physical activity, a modulator of aging through effects on telomere biology. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:13803-13823. [PMID: 32575077 PMCID: PMC7377891 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a complex process that is not well understood but involves finite changes at the genetic and epigenetic level. Physical activity is a well-documented modulator of the physiological process of aging. It has been suggested that the beneficial health effects of regular exercise are at least partly mediated through its effects on telomeres and associated regulatory pathways. Telomeres, the region of repetitive nucleotide sequences functioning as a "cap" at the chromosomal ends, play an important role to protect genomic DNA from degradation. Telomeres of dividing cells progressively shorten with age. Leucocyte telomere length (TL) has been associated with age-related diseases. Epidemiologic evidence indicates a strong relationship between physical activity and TL. In addition, TL has also been shown to predict all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Experimental studies support a functional link between aerobic exercise and telomere preservation through activation of telomerase, an enzyme that adds nucleotides to the telomeric ends. However, unresolved questions regarding exercise modalities, pathomechanistic aspects and analytical issues limit the interpretability of available data. This review provides an overview about the current knowledge in the area of telomere biology, aging and physical activity. Finally, the capabilities and limitations of available analytical methods are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Donatella Semeraro
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Cassandra Smith
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, VIC, Australia
| | - Melanie Kaiser
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Itamar Levinger
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, VIC, Australia
| | - Gustavo Duque
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine-Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Hans-Juergen Gruber
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Markus Herrmann
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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14
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Periconceptional environment predicts leukocyte telomere length in a cross-sectional study of 7-9 year old rural Gambian children. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9675. [PMID: 32541825 PMCID: PMC7295801 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66729-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Early life exposures are important predictors of adult disease risk. Although the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown, telomere maintenance may be involved. This study investigated the relationship between seasonal differences in parental exposures at time of conception and leukocyte telomere length (LTL) in their offspring. LTL was measured in two cohorts of children aged 2 yrs (N = 487) and 7–9 yrs (N = 218). The association between date of conception and LTL was examined using Fourier regression models, adjusted for age, sex, leukocyte cell composition, and other potential confounders. We observed an effect of season in the older children in all models [likelihood ratio test (LRT) χ²2 = 7.1, p = 0.03; fully adjusted model]. LTL was greatest in children conceived in September (in the rainy season), and smallest in those conceived in March (in the dry season), with an effect size (LTL peak–nadir) of 0.60 z-scores. No effect of season was evident in the younger children (LRT χ²2 = 0.87, p = 0.65). The different results obtained for the two cohorts may reflect a delayed effect of season of conception on postnatal telomere maintenance. Alternatively, they may be explained by unmeasured differences in early life exposures, or the increased telomere attrition rate during infancy.
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15
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Galiè S, Canudas S, Muralidharan J, García-Gavilán J, Bulló M, Salas-Salvadó J. Impact of Nutrition on Telomere Health: Systematic Review of Observational Cohort Studies and Randomized Clinical Trials. Adv Nutr 2020; 11:576-601. [PMID: 31688893 PMCID: PMC7231592 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmz107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet, physical activity, and other lifestyle factors have been implicated in the pathophysiology of several chronic diseases, but also in a lower total mortality and longer life expectancy. One of the mechanisms in which diet can reduce the risk of disease is with regard to its impact on telomeres. Telomere length (TL) is highly correlated to chronological age and metabolic status. Individuals with shorter telomeres are at higher risk of chronic diseases and mortality. Diet may influence TL by several mechanisms such as regulating oxidative stress and inflammation or modulating epigenetic reactions. The present systematic review aims to examine the results from epidemiologic and clinical trials conducted in humans evaluating the role of nutrients, food groups, and dietary patterns on TL. We also discuss the possible mechanisms of action that influence this process, with the perspective that TL could be a novel biomarker indicating the risk of metabolic disturbances and age-related diseases. The available evidence suggests that some antioxidant nutrients, the consumption of fruits and vegetables, and Mediterranean diet are mainly associated with longer telomeres. However, most of the evidence is based on high heterogenic observational studies and very few randomized clinical trials (RCTs). Therefore, the associations summarized in the present review need to be confirmed with larger prospective cohort studies and better-designed RCTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Galiè
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, IISPV, Sant Joan de Reus University Hospital, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain,Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition Networking Biomedical Research Center (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Canudas
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, IISPV, Sant Joan de Reus University Hospital, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain,Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition Networking Biomedical Research Center (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jananee Muralidharan
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, IISPV, Sant Joan de Reus University Hospital, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain,Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition Networking Biomedical Research Center (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús García-Gavilán
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, IISPV, Sant Joan de Reus University Hospital, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain,Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition Networking Biomedical Research Center (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mònica Bulló
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, IISPV, Sant Joan de Reus University Hospital, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain,Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition Networking Biomedical Research Center (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain,Address correspondence to MB (e-mail: )
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, IISPV, Sant Joan de Reus University Hospital, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain,Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition Networking Biomedical Research Center (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain,Address correspondence to JS-S (e-mail: )
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16
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Ma F, Lv X, Du Y, Chen H, Liu S, Zhao J, Gao Y, An P, Zhou X, Song A, Sun C, Wang G, Ji Y, Wang X, Xu W, Huang G. Association of Leukocyte Telomere Length with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease: Role of Folate and Homocysteine. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2020; 48:56-67. [PMID: 31437841 DOI: 10.1159/000501958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leukocyte telomere length (LTL) is associated with the aging process and age-related degenerative diseases. The relation of peripheral blood LTL to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the role of folate and homocysteine (Hcy) in this relation remain unclear. OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate the association between LTL and the risks of MCI/AD, and to explore whether folate and Hcy may play a role in this association. METHODS This case-control study included 129 MCI subjects, 131 AD patients and 134 healthy controls. LTL was assessed using real-time polymerase chain reaction assay. Serum folate levels were tested by chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay, and serum Hcy levels were measured using the enzymatic cycling method. Data were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression and multivariable linear regression with adjustment for potential confounders. RESULTS The mean LTL was 1.56 ± 0.25 in controls, 1.44 ± 0.23 in MCI, and 1.28 ± 0.28 in AD patients (p< 0.01). In multivariate logistic regression, subjects in the longest LTL tertile had lower OR for MCI (OR 0.246; 95% CI 0.101-0.597) and AD (OR 0.123; 95% CI 0.044-0.345) in comparison to subjects in the shortest tertile. Shorter LTL was dose-dependently related to the ORs of MCI and AD. Further, serum folate concentration was positively associated with LTL (p < 0.01), while serum Hcy level was negatively associated with LTL (p < 0.05). In stratified analyses, LTL-MCI/AD association varied by serum folate and Hcy level. CONCLUSIONS Shorter LTL is associated with the risks of MCI/AD. Folate and Hcy might play an important role in this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Lv
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Yue Du
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Gynecology and Pediatrics, School of Nursing, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Department of Neurology, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiangang Zhao
- Sanhuailu Street Community Health Service Center of Binhai New District, Tianjin, China
| | - Yiming Gao
- Hujiayuan Street Community Health Service Center of Binhai New Area, Tianjin, China
| | - Peilin An
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Aili Song
- Sanhuailu Street Community Health Service Center of Binhai New District, Tianjin, China
| | - Changqing Sun
- Department of Neurosurgical Baodi Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Guangshun Wang
- Department of Tumor, Baodi Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yong Ji
- Department of Neurology, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinyan Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Weili Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Guowei Huang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China, .,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China,
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17
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Qiao S, Jiang Y, Li X. The Impact of Health Promotion Interventions on Telomere Length: A Systematic Review. Am J Health Promot 2020; 34:633-647. [DOI: 10.1177/0890117120906958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objectives:The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of health promotion interventions in delaying telomere shortening (a biomarker for aging).Data Source:PubMed, PsychINFO, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library databases.Study Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria:Inclusion criteria: (1) empirical studies involving human subjects; (2) health promotion intervention studies including both randomized control trials (RCTs) and non-RCTs.; (3) measured telomere length as an intervention outcome; and (4) were written in English. Exclusion criteria: (1) observational studies without any health promotion intervention practices and (2) did not report intervention effects.Data Extraction:Data extraction was performed by two reviewers following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis guidelines.Data Synthesis:Substantial heterogeneity in intervention type and study design in the included studies precluded a meta-analysis. We conducted a narrative synthesis instead.Results:Thirty studies were included in the review, of which 16 were RCTs. One-third of the included studies reported significant intervention impacts in delaying telomere shortening, with relatively consistent significant results emerged from weight-loss interventions and interventions involving multiple lifestyle modification components (eg, diet and exercise). Most of supplement intervention studies observed null effects in telomere length.Conclusions:Weight-loss and comprehensive lifestyle intervention strategies show encouraging impacts in delaying telomere shortening. More rigorous studies targeting populations at different age stages through life span are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Qiao
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, & Behavior, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Yanping Jiang
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, & Behavior, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, & Behavior, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
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18
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Liu P, Zhang Y, Ma L. Telomere length and associated factors in older adults with hypertension. J Int Med Res 2019; 47:5465-5474. [PMID: 31662013 PMCID: PMC6862919 DOI: 10.1177/0300060519882570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomeres and telomerase play important roles in the occurrence and development of hypertension. This review was performed to clarify the factors that influence telomere length and telomerase activity in older patients and elucidate the association of these factors with hypertension. A PubMed search and critical review of studies assessing the risk factors underlying the association of hypertension with telomere length and telomerase activity was performed. Telomere length and telomerase activity were found to be associated with hypertension. The factors that influence telomere length and telomerase activity in older patients with hypertension include genetics, demographics, social and environmental factors, chronic disease, psychological factors, and antihypertensive drug treatment. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the association of hypertension with telomere length and telomerase activity may help to reduce the incidence of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lina Ma
- Department of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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19
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Krupenko SA, Horita DA. The Role of Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the Function of Candidate Tumor Suppressor ALDH1L1. Front Genet 2019; 10:1013. [PMID: 31737034 PMCID: PMC6831610 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Folate (vitamin B9) is a common name for a group of coenzymes that function as carriers of chemical moieties called one-carbon groups in numerous biochemical reactions. The combination of these folate-dependent reactions constitutes one-carbon metabolism, the name synonymous to folate metabolism. Folate coenzymes and associated metabolic pathways are vital for cellular homeostasis due to their key roles in nucleic acid biosynthesis, DNA repair, methylation processes, amino acid biogenesis, and energy balance. Folate is an essential nutrient because humans are unable to synthesize this coenzyme and must obtain it from the diet. Insufficient folate intake can ultimately increase risk of certain diseases, most notably neural tube defects. More than 20 enzymes are known to participate in folate metabolism. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes encoding for folate enzymes are associated with altered metabolism, changes in DNA methylation and modified risk for the development of human pathologies including cardiovascular diseases, birth defects, and cancer. ALDH1L1, one of the folate-metabolizing enzymes, serves a regulatory function in folate metabolism restricting the flux of one-carbon groups through biosynthetic processes. Numerous studies have established that ALDH1L1 is often silenced or strongly down-regulated in cancers. The loss of ALDH1L1 protein positively correlates with the occurrence of malignant tumors and tumor aggressiveness, hence the enzyme is viewed as a candidate tumor suppressor. ALDH1L1 has much higher frequency of non-synonymous exonic SNPs than most other genes for folate enzymes. Common SNPs at the polymorphic loci rs3796191, rs2886059, rs9282691, rs2276724, rs1127717, and rs4646750 in ALDH1L1 exons characterize more than 97% of Europeans while additional common variants are found in other ethnic populations. The effects of these SNPs on the enzyme is not clear but studies indicate that some coding and non-coding ALDH1L1 SNPs are associated with altered risk of certain cancer types and it is also likely that specific haplotypes define the metabolic response to dietary folate. This review discusses the role of ALDH1L1 in folate metabolism and etiology of diseases with the focus on non-synonymous coding ALDH1L1 SNPs and their effects on the enzyme structure/function, metabolic role and association with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey A. Krupenko
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - David A. Horita
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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20
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Pusceddu I, Herrmann W, Kleber ME, Scharnagl H, März W, Herrmann M. Telomere length, vitamin B12 and mortality in persons undergoing coronary angiography: the Ludwigshafen risk and cardiovascular health study. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:7083-7097. [PMID: 31492825 PMCID: PMC6756881 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background: Vitamin B12 (B12) deficiency and excess are associated with increased risk of age-related-diseases and mortality. It has been suggested that high- and low-B12 concentrations link to increased mortality through accelerated genomic aging and inflammation. Evidence to support this is limited. Results: B12 was associated with all-cause-mortality, RTL and hsCRP in a non-linear fashion. The association between B12 and mortality was not independent, as it lost significance after adjustment for potential confounders. In the lowest-(LB12) and highest-(HB12) quartiles of B12 mortality was higher than in the mid-range (HR:LB12:1.23;CI95%:1.06-1.43; HR:HB12:1.24;CI95%:1.06-1.44). We divided subjects with LB12 in quartiles of their RTL. Those with the longest-telomeres had a lower mortality-rate (HR:0.57;95%CI:0.39-0.83) and lower homocysteine than those with the shortest-telomeres. Amongst subjects with HB12, those with long-telomeres also had a lower mortality than those with short-telomeres (HR:0.40;95%CI:0.27-0.59). IL-6 and hsCRP concentrations were low in HB12LT but were high in HB12ST. Methods: B12, homocysteine, telomere length (RTL), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and high-sensitive-C-reactive-protein (hsCRP) were measured in 2970 participants of the LURIC study. Conclusions: Mortality, stratified according to B12 and RTL, seems to be driven by different mechanisms. In LB12 and HB12 subjects, mortality and accelerated telomere shortening might be driven by homocysteine and inflammation, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Pusceddu
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Hospital of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Wolfgang Herrmann
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Saarland, Homburg, Germany
| | - Marcus E Kleber
- Medical Clinic V - Nephrology, Hypertensiology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Hubert Scharnagl
- Medical University of Graz, Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Graz, Austria
| | - Winfried März
- Medical Clinic V - Nephrology, Hypertensiology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.,Medical University of Graz, Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Graz, Austria.,Synlab Academy, Synlab Holding Deutschland GmbH, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Markus Herrmann
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Hospital of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy.,Medical University of Graz, Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Graz, Austria
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21
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Tsoukalas D, Fragkiadaki P, Docea AO, Alegakis AK, Sarandi E, Thanasoula M, Spandidos DA, Tsatsakis A, Razgonova MP, Calina D. Discovery of potent telomerase activators: Unfolding new therapeutic and anti-aging perspectives. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:3701-3708. [PMID: 31485647 PMCID: PMC6755196 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomere length, a marker of cellular aging, decreases with age and it has been associated with aging‑related diseases. Environmental factors, including diet and lifestyle factors, affect the rate of telomere shortening which can be reversed by telomerase. Telomerase activation by natural molecules has been suggested to be an anti‑aging modulator that can play a role in the treatment of aging‑related diseases. This study aimed to investigate the effect of natural compounds on telomerase activity in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The tested compounds included Centella asiatica extract formulation (08AGTLF), Astragalus extract formulation (Nutrient 4), TA‑65 (containing Astragalus membranaceus extract), oleanolic acid (OA), maslinic acid (MA), and 3 multi‑nutrient formulas (Nutrients 1, 2 and 3) at various concentrations. The mean absorbance values of telomerase activity measured following treatment with some of the above‑mentioned formulations were statistically significantly higher compared to those of the untreated cells. In particular, in order of importance with respect to telomerase activation from highest to lowest, 08AGTLF, OA, Nutrient 4, TA‑65, MA, Nutrient 3 and Nutrient 2, triggered statistically significant increase in telomerase activity compared to the untreated cells. 08AGTLF reached the highest levels of telomerase activity reported to date, at least to our knowledge, increasing telomerase activity by 8.8 folds compared to untreated cells, while Nutrient 4 and OA were also potent activators (4.3‑fold and 5.9‑fold increase, respectively). On the whole, this study indicates that the synergistic effect of nutrients and natural compounds can activate telomerase and produce more potent formulations. Human clinical studies using these formulations are required to evaluate their mode of action. This would reveal the health benefits of telomerase activation through natural molecules and would shed new light onto the treatment of aging‑related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris Tsoukalas
- Metabolomic Μedicine, Health Clinics for Autoimmune and Chronic Diseases, 10674 Athens, Greece
| | - Persefoni Fragkiadaki
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Anca Oana Docea
- Department of Toxicology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Athanasios K Alegakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Evangelia Sarandi
- Metabolomic Μedicine, Health Clinics for Autoimmune and Chronic Diseases, 10674 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Thanasoula
- Metabolomic Μedicine, Health Clinics for Autoimmune and Chronic Diseases, 10674 Athens, Greece
| | - Demetrios A Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | | | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, 200349 Craiova, Romania
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22
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Tsoukalas D, Fragkiadaki P, Docea AO, Alegakis AK, Sarandi E, Vakonaki E, Salataj E, Kouvidi E, Nikitovic D, Kovatsi L, Spandidos DA, Tsatsakis A, Calina D. Association of nutraceutical supplements with longer telomere length. Int J Mol Med 2019; 44:218-226. [PMID: 31115552 PMCID: PMC6559326 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomeres are nucleotide tandem repeats located at the tip of eukaryotic chromosomes that maintain genomic integrity. The gradual shortening of telomeres leads to cellular senescence and apoptosis, a key mechanism of aging and age‑related chronic diseases. Epigenetic factors, such as nutrition, exercise and tobacco can affect the rate at which telomeres shorten and can modify the risk of developing chronic diseases. In this study, we evaluated the effects of a combination of nutraceutical supplements (NS) on telomere length (TL) in healthy volunteers with no medical history of any disease. Participants (n=47) were selected from healthy outpatients visiting a private clinic and were divided into the experimental group (n=16), that received the NS and the control group (n=31). We estimated the length of single telomeres in metaphase spread leukocytes, isolated from peripheral blood, using quantitative‑fluorescent in situ hybridization (Q‑FISH) analysis. The length of the whole telomere genome was significantly increased (P<0.05) for the mean, 1st quartile and median measurements in the experimental group. Similar findings were observed for short TL (20th percentile) (P<0.05) for the median and 3rd quartile measurements in the NS group, compared to the control group. The beneficial effects of the supplements on the length of short telomeres remained significant (P<0.05) following adjustment for age and sex. Telomeres were moderately longer in female patients compared to the male patients. On the whole, the findings of this study suggest that the administration of NS may be linked to sustaining the TL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris Tsoukalas
- Metabolomic Medicine Clinic, Health Clinics for Autoimmune and Chronic Diseases, 10674 Athens
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Craiova 200349, Romania
| | - Persefoni Fragkiadaki
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
- Spin-Off Toxplus S.A., 71601 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Anca Oana Docea
- Department of Toxicology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Craiova 200349, Romania
| | | | - Evangelia Sarandi
- Metabolomic Medicine Clinic, Health Clinics for Autoimmune and Chronic Diseases, 10674 Athens
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Elena Vakonaki
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
- Spin-Off Toxplus S.A., 71601 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Eralda Salataj
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, 70013 Heraklion
| | - Elisavet Kouvidi
- Department of Hematology, University of Crete, School of Medicine
| | - Dragana Nikitovic
- Laboratory of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion
| | - Leda Kovatsi
- Laboratory of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki
| | - Demetrios A. Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
- Spin-Off Toxplus S.A., 71601 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Craiova 200349, Romania
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23
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Herrmann M, Pusceddu I, März W, Herrmann W. Telomere biology and age-related diseases. Clin Chem Lab Med 2019; 56:1210-1222. [PMID: 29494336 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2017-0870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Telomeres are the protective end caps of chromosomes and shorten with every cell division. Telomere length has been proposed as a biomarker of biological age and a risk factor for age-related diseases. Epidemiologic studies show an association between leukocyte telomere length (LTL) and mortality. There is solid evidence that links LTL with cardiovascular disease. Short telomeres promote atherosclerosis and impair the repair of vascular lesions. Alzheimer's disease patients have also a reduced LTL. Telomeres measured in tumor tissue from breast, colon and prostate are shorter than in healthy tissue from the same organ and the same patient. In healthy tissue directly adjacent to these tumors, telomeres are also shorter than in cells that are more distant from the cancerous lesion. A reduced telomere length in cancer tissue from breast, colon and prostate is associated with an advanced disease state at diagnosis, faster disease progression and poorer survival. By contrast, results regarding LTL and cancer are inconsistent. Furthermore, the majority of studies did not find significant associations between LTL, bone mineral density (BMD) and osteoporosis. The present manuscript gives an overview about our current understanding of telomere biology and reviews existing knowledge regarding the relationship between telomere length and age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Herrmann
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Bolzano Hospital, Lorenz-Boehler-Str. 5, 39100 Bolzano, Italy.,Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Irene Pusceddu
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Hospital of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Winfried März
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Medical Clinic V (Nephrology, Hypertensiology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology, Diabetology), Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.,Synlab Academy, Synlab Holding Deutschland GmbH, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Herrmann
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Saarland, Homburg, Germany
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24
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vitamin D deficiency is common, world-wide, but vitamin D repletion throughout life, and into older age, has accepted health benefits for bone. Many mechanisms through which vitamin D also benefits soft tissues are understood, and clinical evidence of such benefits is now accumulating, especially following re-analyses of trial data, which are revealing previously missed health benefits with correction of deficiency. AREAS COVERED The sources of vitamin D, its activation, mechanistic effects; problems of trials of supplementation for reducing health risks, the benefits shown for mortality, cardiovascular disease, infection and cancer; the global problem of vitamin D deficiency; age-related reductions in vitamin D efficacy, and currently recommended intakes. EXPERT COMMENTARY High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency worldwide have proven ill-effects on health. Governmental efforts to improve population repletion by recommending minimal daily intakes does benefit some but is not effective at the population-level. However, food fortification with vitamin D3, already implemented in some countries, can solve this highly avoidable problem cost-effectively and is probably the best way to abolish vitamin D inadequacy, allowing public health benefits to emerge over time, thereby allowing future research on vitamin D to be directed at emerging issues on vitamin D.
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25
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Cingam SR, Koshy N, Veillon D, Peddi P. Reversal of isolated 20q deletion with vitamin B 12 replacement in a patient with pernicious anaemia. BMJ Case Rep 2017; 2017:bcr-2016-218689. [PMID: 28275019 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2016-218689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe vitamin B12 deficiency is well known to cause morphological alterations in bone marrow. In rare instances, these myelodysplastic and megaloblastic changes can coexist with cytogenetic abnormalities. Here, we report a case of a 38-year-old African-American woman with pernicious anaemia, who was found to have an isolated 20q deletion and which resolved after vitamin B12 replacement. We also discuss various mechanisms in which vitamin B12 deficiency can lead to chromosomal abnormalities. A literature review is also performed to evaluate various other chromosomal aberrations associated with B12 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashank Reddy Cingam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center- Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Nebu Koshy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center- Shreveport, LA, USA.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Diana Veillon
- Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Prakash Peddi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center- Shreveport, LA, USA.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, LA, USA
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