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Bankole T, Ma T, Arora I, Lei Z, Raju M, Li Z, Li Y. The Effect of Broccoli Glucoraphanin Supplementation on Ameliorating High-Fat-Diet-Induced Obesity through the Gut Microbiome and Metabolome Interface. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300856. [PMID: 38676466 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
SCOPE Obesity and its metabolic comorbidities pose a major global challenge for public health. Glucoraphanin (GRN) is a natural bioactive compound enriched in broccoli that is known to have potential health benefits against various human chronic diseases. METHODS AND RESULTS This study investigats the effects of broccoli GRN supplementation on body weight, metabolic parameters, gut microbiome and metabolome associated with obesity. The study is conducted on an obese-related C57BL/6J mouse model through the treatment of normal control diet, high-fat diet (HFD)and GRN-supplemented HFD (HFD-GRN) to determine the metabolic protection of GRN. The results shows that GRN treatment alleviates obesity-related traits leading to improved glucose metabolism in HFD-fed animals. Mechanically, the study noticed that GRN significantly shifts the gut microbial diversity and composition to an eubiosis status. GRN supplement also significantly alters plasma metabolite profiles. Further integrated analysis reveal a complex interaction between the gut microbes and host metabolism that may contribute to GRN-induced beneficial effects against HFD. CONCLUSION These results indicate that beneficial effects of broccoli GRN on reversing HFD-induced adverse metabolic parameters may be attributed to its impacts on reprogramming microbial community and metabolites. Identification of the mechanistic functions of GRN further warrants it as a dietary candidate for obesity prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiwo Bankole
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Tianzhou Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Itika Arora
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Zhentian Lei
- Metabolomics Center, University of Missouri at Columbia, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Murugesan Raju
- Bioinformatics and Analytics Core, University of Missouri at Columbia, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Zhenhai Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
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Choi RY, Lee MK. Effects of Mealworm Fermentation Extract and Soy Protein Mix Ratio on Hepatic Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in Obese-Induced Mice. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2023; 28:255-262. [PMID: 37842251 PMCID: PMC10567600 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2023.28.3.255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies found that mealworm fermentation extract (TMP) reduced alcoholic hepatic steatogenesis. This study examined how the ratio of TMP and soy protein (SP) mix affected glucose and lipid metabolism in obese mice given a high-fat diet (HFD). Mice were given HFD supplemented with 100% SP or the following three ratios of TMP and SP mix for 12 weeks: 20% (S4T1), 40% (S3T2), and 60% (S2T3) TMP. When compared to the SP group, the S2T3 group had considerably lower body weight gain and food consumption. When compared to the SP group, the S2T3 group had slightly lower blood insulin and leptin levels, as well as a lower homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance score. The use of TMP instead of SP reduced the size of epididymal adipose tissue cells. An increase in the extent of substitution of SP with TMP inhibited the gene expression of hepatic fructolysis/gluconeogenesis (KHK, ALDOB, DLD, and FBP1), lipogenesis (FAS, SCD1, CD36, and DGAT2), and its transcriptional factors (PPARγ and ChREBP). Furthermore, the S2T3 group dramatically reduced the expression of hepatic genes implicated in endoplasmic reticulum stress (PDI) and antioxidant defense (SOD1). The 60% TMP mix, in particular, reduced the expression of hepatic glucose and lipid metabolismrelated genes in HFD-fed mice. The manufacturing of functional processed goods may be accomplished by combining SP and TMP in a 2:3 ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ra-Yeong Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institution of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonbuk 55365, Korea
| | - Mi-Kyung Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sunchon National University, Jeonnam 57922, Korea
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Kayode OT, Bello JA, Oguntola JA, Kayode AAA, Olukoya DK. The interplay between monosodium glutamate (MSG) consumption and metabolic disorders. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19675. [PMID: 37809920 PMCID: PMC10558944 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is one of the most popular food additives in the world and is often ingested with commercially processed foods. It can be described as a sodium salt of glutamic acid with the IUPAC name - Sodium 2-aminopentanedioate and is ionized by water to produce free sodium ions and glutamic acid. MSG use has significantly increased over the past 30 years, its global demand stands huge at over three million metric tons which is worth over $4.5 billion. Asia was responsible for more than three quarter of world MSG consumption with the country China also leading in global consumption as well as production and export to other countries. Prior to year 2020, global demand for MSG increased by almost four percent each year with the highest significant increase in demand for MSG predicted to rise in Thailand, Indonesia, Vietnam and China, followed by Brazil and Nigeria. However, several researches featured in this review has identified MSG consumption as a major contributor to the development and progression of some metabolic disorders such as obesity, which is a risk factor for other metabolic syndromes like hypertension, diabetes mellitus and cancer initiation. The mechanism by which MSG induce obesity involves induction of hypothalamic lesion, hyperlipidemia, oxidative stress, leptin resistance and increased expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) Gamma and Alpha. Similarly for induction of diabetes mellitus, MSG consumption resulted in decreased pancreatic beta cell mass, increased oxidative stress and metabolic rates, reduced glucose and insulin transport to adipose tissue and skeletal muscles, insulin insensitivity, reduced insulin receptors and induced severe hyperinsulinemia. Dietary salt, an active component of MSG is also found to be a major risk factor for high blood pressure (which may lead to hypertension). MSG is used to enhance the taste of tobacco, causing smokers to consume the product in excess and thereby increasing the risk of cancer development. Depending on the amount consumed, MSG has both positive and negative effects. Despite the controversy surrounding MSG's safety and its probable contribution to risk of development and progression of metabolic disorders, its global consumption is still very high. Therefore, this article will sensitize the public on the need for cautious use of MSG in foods and also aid regulatory agencies to further review the daily MSG consumption limit based on metabolic toxicities observed at the varied dosages reported in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omowumi T Kayode
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, Mountain Top University, Prayer City, Nigeria
| | - Jemilat A Bello
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, Mountain Top University, Prayer City, Nigeria
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, College of Medicine, Lagos State University, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Jamiu A Oguntola
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, Mountain Top University, Prayer City, Nigeria
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Lagos State University, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Abolanle A A Kayode
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Nigeria
| | - Daniel K Olukoya
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, Mountain Top University, Prayer City, Nigeria
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Reginato GDS, de Jager L, Martins AB, Lucchetti BFC, de Campos BH, Lopes FNC, Araujo EJDA, Zaia CTBV, Pinge-Filho P, Martins-Pinge MC. Differential benefits of physical training associated or not with L-arginine supplementation in rats with metabolic syndrome: evaluation of cardiovascular, autonomic and metabolic parameters. Physiol Behav 2023:114251. [PMID: 37253403 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by endocrine-metabolic and cardiac alterations that increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, dyslipidemia, and type-2 diabetes mellitus. Dietary supplementation with L-Arginine (L-Arg) is beneficial for fat loss, while chronic aerobic exercise has several benefits in reversing cardiovascular, autonomic, and metabolic dysfunctions caused by obesity. However, the association between these two approaches has not yet been described. This study aimed to evaluate the possible benefits of physical training, with or without L-Arg supplementation, on cardiovascular, autonomic, and metabolic parameters in rats with MetS, which was induced by the subcutaneous administration of monosodium glutamate at 4 mg g-1day-1 in rats from the first to fifth day of life. Physical training on a treadmill and supplementation with L-Arg in adulthood were carried out concomitantly for 8 weeks. After this, the animals underwent femoral artery catheterization to record their cardiovascular parameters and autonomic modulation. Organs and blood were removed to measure levels of nitrite, glucose, and hepatic steatosis. In adult rats with MetS, supplementation with L-Arg in combination with physical training reduced hypertension, tachycardia, adipose tissue mass, free fatty acids, and hepatic steatosis. Supplementation with L-Arg and physical training separately was beneficial in reducing several aspects of MetS, but a combination of both was especially effective in reducing adipose tissue and hepatic steatosis. Together, the two therapies can form a good strategy to combat MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela de Souza Reginato
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina PR, Brazil
| | - Lorena de Jager
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina PR, Brazil
| | - Andressa Busetti Martins
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina PR, Brazil
| | | | - Blenda Hyedra de Campos
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina PR, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Novi Cortegoso Lopes
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina PR, Brazil
| | | | - Cássia Thaïs B Vieira Zaia
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina PR, Brazil
| | - Phileno Pinge-Filho
- Department of Pathological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina PR, Brazil
| | - Marli Cardoso Martins-Pinge
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina PR, Brazil.
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Mukherjee I, Biswas S, Singh S, Talukdar J, Alqahtani MS, Abbas M, Nag TC, Mridha AR, Gupta S, Sharma JB, Kumari S, Dhar R, Karmakar S. Monosodium Glutamate Perturbs Human Trophoblast Invasion and Differentiation through a Reactive Oxygen Species-Mediated Pathway: An In-Vitro Assessment. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030634. [PMID: 36978882 PMCID: PMC10045473 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been associated with various human diseases. ROS exert a multitude of biological effects with both physiological and pathological consequences. Monosodium glutamate (MSG), a sodium salt of the natural amino acid glutamate, is a flavor-enhancing food additive, which is widely used in Asian cuisine and is an ingredient that brings out the “umami” meat flavor. MSG consumption in rats is associated with ROS generation. Owing to its consumption as part of the fast-food culture and concerns about its possible effects on pregnancy, we aimed to study the impact of MSG on placental trophoblast cells. MSG exposure influenced trophoblast invasion and differentiation, two of the most critical functions during placentation through enhanced production of ROS. Similar findings were also observed on MSG-treated placental explants, as confirmed by elevated Nrf2 levels. Ultrastructural studies revealed signs of subcellular injury by MSG exposure. Mechanistically, MSG-induced oxidative stress with endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways involving Xbp1s and IRE1α was observed. The effect of MSG through an increased ROS production indicates that its long-term exposure might have adverse health effect by compromising key trophoblast functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indrani Mukherjee
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology (AIB), Amity University, Noida 201301, India
| | - Subhrajit Biswas
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine & Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University, Noida 201301, India
| | - Sunil Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Joyeeta Talukdar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Mohammed S. Alqahtani
- Radiological Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
- BioImaging Unit, Space Research Centre, Michael Atiyah Building, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Mohamed Abbas
- Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
- Electronics and Communications Department, College of Engineering, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamesa 35712, Egypt
| | - Tapas Chandra Nag
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Asit Ranjan Mridha
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Surabhi Gupta
- Department of Reproductive Biology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Jai Bhagwan Sharma
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Supriya Kumari
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Ruby Dhar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
- Correspondence: (R.D.); (S.K.); Tel.: +91-9999612564 (S.K.)
| | - Subhradip Karmakar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
- Correspondence: (R.D.); (S.K.); Tel.: +91-9999612564 (S.K.)
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6
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An Early and Sustained Inflammatory State Induces Muscle Changes and Establishes Obesogenic Characteristics in Wistar Rats Exposed to the MSG-Induced Obesity Model. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054730. [PMID: 36902158 PMCID: PMC10003260 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The model of obesity induced by monosodium glutamate cytotoxicity on the hypothalamic nuclei is widely used in the literature. However, MSG promotes persistent muscle changes and there is a significant lack of studies that seek to elucidate the mechanisms by which damage refractory to reversal is established. This study aimed to investigate the early and chronic effects of MSG induction of obesity upon systemic and muscular parameters of Wistar rats. The animals were exposed to MSG subcutaneously (4 mg·g-1 b.w.) or saline (1.25 mg·g-1 b.w.) daily from PND01 to PND05 (n = 24). Afterwards, in PND15, 12 animals were euthanized to determine the plasma and inflammatory profile and to assess muscle damage. In PND142, the remaining animals were euthanized, and samples for histological and biochemical analyses were obtained. Our results suggest that early exposure to MSG reduced growth, increased adiposity, and inducted hyperinsulinemia and a pro-inflammatory scenario. In adulthood, the following were observed: peripheral insulin resistance, increased fibrosis, oxidative distress, and a reduction in muscle mass, oxidative capacity, and neuromuscular junctions, increased fibrosis, and oxidative distress. Thus, we can conclude that the condition found in adult life and the difficulty restoring in the muscle profile is related to the metabolic damage established early on.
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Investigation of the Effects of Monosodium Glutamate on the Embryonic Development of the Eye in Chickens. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10020099. [PMID: 36851403 PMCID: PMC9958917 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10020099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
MSG is the most ubiquitous food additive in the food industry. The aim of this report was to investigate the effects of in ovo MSG administration on embryonic chicken eye development using histological and histometric methods. A total of 410 fertilized eggs obtained from Babcock Brown laying hens (Gallus gallus domesticus) were used and divided into 5 groups: I (untreated control), II (vehicle control), III (0.12 mg/g egg MSG), IV (0.6 mg/g egg MSG), and V (1.2 mg/g egg MSG), and injections were performed via the egg yolk. At incubation day 15, 18, and 21, 6 embryos from each group were sacrificed by decapitation and pieces of eye tissue were obtained. In all MSG groups, it was determined that both corneal epithelium thickness and total corneal thickness decreased at incubation time points 15, 18, and 21 days compared with the controls (p < 0.05). The total retinal thickness, thickness of the outer nuclear layer (ONL), inner nuclear layer (INL), ganglion cell layer (GL), and nerve fibre layers (NFL), as well as the number of ganglion cells decreased significantly at incubation days 15, 18, and 21 (p < 0.05), and degenerative changes such as vacuolar degeneration and retinal pigment epithelial detachment were also observed. In conclusion, MSG in ovo administration can affect the cornea and distinct layers of retinal cells.
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Hlongwane MM, Mohammed M, Mokgalaka NS, Dakora FD. The Potential of Rhizobacteria to Mitigate Abiotic Stress in Lessertia frutescens. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:196. [PMID: 36616325 PMCID: PMC9824651 DOI: 10.3390/plants12010196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Lessertia frutescens is a multipurpose medicinal plant indigenous to South Africa. The curative ability of the medicinal plant is attributed to its rich phytochemical composition, including amino acids, triterpenoids, and flavonoids. A literature review of some of the phytochemical compounds, particularly amino acids, in L. frutescens shows a steady decrease in concentration over the years. The reduction of the phytochemical compounds and diminishing biological activities may be attributed to drought and salt stress, which South Africa has been grappling with over the years. Canavanine, a phytochemical which is associated with the anticancer activity of L. frutescens, reduced slightly when the plant was subjected to salt stress. Like other legumes, L. frutescens forms a symbiotic relationship with plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria, which facilitate plant growth and development. Studies employing commercial plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria to enhance growth and biological activities in L. frutescens have been successfully carried out. Furthermore, alleviation of drought and salt stress in medicinal plants through inoculation with plant growth-promoting-rhizobacteria is well documented and effective. Therefore, this review seeks to highlight the potential of plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria to alleviate the effect of salt and drought in Lessertia frutescens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mokgadi M. Hlongwane
- Department of Chemistry, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Mustapha Mohammed
- Department of Crop Science, University for Development Studies, Tamale P.O. Box TL1882, Ghana
| | - Ntebogeng S. Mokgalaka
- Department of Chemistry, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
- Mamelodi Campus, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Felix D. Dakora
- Department of Chemistry, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
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Jobgen WS, Lee MJ, Fried SK, Wu G. l-Arginine supplementation regulates energy-substrate metabolism in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue of diet-induced obese rats. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2022; 248:209-216. [PMID: 36544403 PMCID: PMC10107391 DOI: 10.1177/15353702221139207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary supplementation with l-arginine has been reported to reduce white fat mass in diet-induced obese rats and in obese humans. This study was conducted to test the hypothesis that the arginine treatment regulates glucose and fatty acid metabolism in insulin-sensitive tissues. Male Sprague–Dawley rats (4-week-old) were fed either low- or high-fat diets for 15 weeks ( n = 16/diet). Thereafter, lean or obese rats were fed their respective diets and received drinking water containing either 1.51% l-arginine-HCl or 2.55% alanine (isonitrogenous control) ( n = 8/treatment group). After 12 weeks of treatment, rats were euthanized and tissue samples were collected for biochemical assays. High-fat feeding increased the size of adipocytes isolated from retroperitoneal (RP) adipose tissue, while arginine treatment reduced their size. The total number of adipocytes in the adipose tissue did not differ among the four groups of rats. Glucose oxidation in extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle, soleus muscle, and RP adipose tissue were reduced in response to high-fat feeding. On the contrary, oleic acid oxidation in RP adipose tissue was enhanced in rats fed the high-fat diet. Arginine treatment stimulated both glucose and oleic acid oxidation in EDL and soleus muscles, while having no effect on glucose oxidation, oleic acid oxidation, or basal lipolysis per 106 adipocytes in RP adipose tissue. Collectively, these results indicate that oral supplementation with arginine to diet-induced obese rats promoted the oxidation of energy substrates in skeletal muscle, thereby reducing white fat in the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan S Jobgen
- Department of Animal Science and Faculty of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Mi-Jeong Lee
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Susan K Fried
- Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Department of Animal Science and Faculty of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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Gu C, Zhou Z, Yu Z, He M, He L, Luo Z, Xiao W, Yang Q, Zhao F, Li W, Shen L, Han J, Cao S, Zuo Z, Deng J, Yan Q, Ren Z, Zhao M, Yu S. The Microbiota and It’s Correlation With Metabolites in the Gut of Mice With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:870785. [PMID: 35694542 PMCID: PMC9186341 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.870785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common liver disease in the world. As an important model animal, the characteristics of gut microbiota alteration in mice with NAFLD have been studied but the changes in metabolite abundance in NAFLD mice and how the gut microbiota affects these intestinal metabolites remain unclear. In this experiment, a mouse model for NAFLD was established by a high-fat diet. The use of 16S rDNA technology showed that while there were no significant changes in the alpha diversity in the cecum of NAFLD mice, the beta diversity changed significantly. The abundance of Blautia, Unidentified-Lachnospiraceae, Romboutsia, Faecalibaculum, and Ileibacterium increased significantly in NAFLD mice, while Allobaculum and Enterorhabdus decreased significantly. Amino acids, lipids, bile acids and nucleotide metabolites were among the 167 significantly different metabolites selected. The metabolic pathways of amino acids, SFAs, and bile acids were significantly enhanced, while the metabolic pathways of PUFAs, vitamins, and nucleotides were significantly inhibited. Through correlation and MIMOSA2 analysis, it is suggested that gut microbiota does not affect the changes of lipids and bile acids but can reduce thiamine, pyridoxine, and promote L-phenylalanine and tyramine production. The findings of this study will help us to better understand the relationship between gut microbiota and metabolites in NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congwei Gu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory Animal Centre, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Zihan Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zehui Yu
- Laboratory Animal Centre, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Manli He
- Laboratory Animal Centre, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Lvqin He
- Laboratory Animal Centre, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Zhengzhong Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wudian Xiao
- Laboratory Animal Centre, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Laboratory Animal Centre, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Fangfang Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weiyao Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liuhong Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianhong Han
- Laboratory Animal Centre, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Suizhong Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhicai Zuo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junliang Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qigui Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhihua Ren
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingde Zhao
- Laboratory Animal Centre, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Mingde Zhao, ; Shumin Yu,
| | - Shumin Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Mingde Zhao, ; Shumin Yu,
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Abachi S, Pilon G, Marette A, Bazinet L, Beaulieu L. Beneficial effects of fish and fish peptides on main metabolic syndrome associated risk factors: Diabetes, obesity and lipemia. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:7896-7944. [PMID: 35297701 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2052261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The definition of metabolic syndrome (MetS) fairly varies from one to another guideline and health organization. Per description of world health organization, occurrence of hyperinsulinemia or hyperglycemia in addition to two or more factors of dyslipidemia, hypoalphalipoproteinemia, hypertension and or large waist circumference factors would be defined as MetS. Conventional therapies and drugs, commonly with adverse effects, are used to treat these conditions and diseases. Nonetheless, in the recent decades scientific community has focused on the discovery of natural compounds to diminish the side effects of these medications. Among many available bioactives, biologically active peptides have notable beneficial effects on the management of diabetes, obesity, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertension. Marine inclusive of fish peptides have exerted significant bioactivities in different experimental in-vitro, in-vivo and clinical settings. This review exclusively focuses on studies from the recent decade investigating hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, hypercholesterolemic and anti-obesogenic fish and fish peptides. Related extraction, isolation, and purification methodologies of anti-MetS fish biopeptides are reviewed herein for comparison purposes only. Moreover, performance of biopeptides in simulated gastrointestinal environment and structure-activity relationship along with absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion properties of selected oligopeptides have been discussed, in brief, to broaden the knowledge of readers on the design and discovery trends of anti-MetS compounds.Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2022.2052261 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheila Abachi
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Geneviève Pilon
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cardiology Axis of the Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - André Marette
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cardiology Axis of the Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Laurent Bazinet
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
- Laboratory of Food Processing and ElectroMembrane Processes (LTAPEM), Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lucie Beaulieu
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
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Abd-Elkareem M, Soliman M, Abd El-Rahman MA, Abou Khalil NS. The protective effect of Nigella sativa seeds against monosodium glutamate-induced hepatic dysfunction in rats. Toxicol Rep 2022; 9:147-153. [PMID: 35145878 PMCID: PMC8818490 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MSG-challenged rats were characterized by hepatic dysfunction and redox imbalance along with increased programmed cell death. The negative consequences of MSG consumption have been partially overcome by the nutritional inclusion of NSS. NSS restores the redox potential and ameliorates the histopathological deteriorations and apoptosis in the liver. These outcomes are of major importance in paving the road towards the incorporation of NSS as a candidate strategy against MSG-related abnormalities.
Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is one of the most commonly used feed additives which poses a threat to public health. Nigella sativa is a promising natural approach in this issue due to its antioxidant, hypolipidemic, and cytoprotective characters. Here, we investigated the potential protective effect of Nigella sativa seed (NSS) against MSG-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. To accomplish this objective, fifteen adult Wistar albino rats were randomly and equally divided into three groups for 21 days: the control group received no treatment, MSG group supplemented with MSG at a dose of 30 g/kg feed, and MSG + NSS group supplemented with MSG at the same previous dose together with NSS at a dose of 30 g/kg feed. NSS succeeded in boosting serum alkaline phosphatase activity and total cholesterol, triglycerides, and glucose levels. It reduced lipid peroxides in the serum and down-regulated glutathione reductase and superoxide dismutase 2 immuno-expression in the hepatic cells. NSS intervention provided cytoprotection by improving the histo-architecture of the liver and reducing the number of apoptotic cells. NSS was effective in protecting against the hepatotoxicity of MSG through its antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects. These findings are of utmost significance in directing the attention towards the incorporation of NSS in our food industry as well as a health remedy in traditional medicine to fight MSG-related hepatic abnormalities.
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Dey S, Samadder A, Nandi S. Current Role of Nanotechnology Used in Food Processing Industry to Control Food Additives and Exploring Their Biochemical Mechanisms. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 23:513-539. [PMID: 34915833 DOI: 10.2174/1389450123666211216150355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the advent of food additives centuries ago, the human race has found ways to improve and maintain the safety of utility, augment the taste, color, texture, nutritional value, and appearance of the food. Since the 19th century, when the science behind food spoilage was discerned, the use of food additives in food preservation has been increasing worldwide and at a fast pace to get along with modern lifestyles. Although food additives are thought to be used to benefit the food market, some of them are found to be associated with several health issues at an alarming rate. Studies are still going on regarding the mechanisms by which food additives affect public health. Therefore, an attempt has been made to find out the remedies by exploiting technologies that may convey new properties of food additives that can only enhance the quality of food without having any systemic side effects. Thus, this review focuses on the applications of nanotechnology in the production of nano-food additives and evaluates its success regarding reduction in the health-related hazards collaterally maintaining the food nutrient value. METHODOLOGY A thorough literature study was performed using scientific databases like PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science for determining the design of the study, and each article was checked for citation and referred to formulate the present review article. CONCLUSION Nanotechnology can be applied in the food processing industry to control the unregulated use of food additives and to intervene in the biochemical mechanisms at a cellular and physiological level for the ensuring safety of food products. The prospective of nano-additive of chemical origin could be useful to reduce risks of hazards related to human health that are caused majorly due to the invasion of food contaminants (either intentional or non-intentional) into food, though this area still needs scientific validation. Therefore, this review provides comprehensive knowledge on different facets of food contaminants and also serves as a platform of ideas for encountering health risk problems about the design of improved versions of nano-additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudatta Dey
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia-741235. India
| | - Asmita Samadder
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia-741235. India
| | - Sisir Nandi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Global Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (GIPER) (Affiliated to Uttarakhand Technical University). Kashipur-244713. India
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Wang CX, Zhang Y, Li QF, Sun HL, Chong HL, Jiang JX, Li QC. The Reproductive Toxicity of Monosodium Glutamate by Damaging GnRH Neurons Cannot Be Relieved Spontaneously Over Time. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2021; 15:3499-3508. [PMID: 34408402 PMCID: PMC8366939 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s318223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective The present study aims to evaluate the effect of monosodium glutamate on testicular spermatogenesis in mice from the perspective of the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis and whether this destructive effect is alleviated with time. Methods Neonatal mice were randomly divided into a monosodium glutamate (MSG) group and a control group, just below the interscapular region after birth with 10 µL MSG to deliver 4 mg/g (body mass), or with equivalent volumes of 0.9% saline. Samples which involved blood, brains and testicles of mice were collected and measured at puberty at 60 days and adulthood at 90 days. Results The results show that the fluorescence intensity of GnRH nerve fibers, the levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and testosterone (T) hormones in the reproductive system, the number of spermatocytes and spermatozoa in testicular sections, the body length, body weight, testicular weight, and testicular index in the 60-day-old mice in monosodium glutamate group (MSG60 group) and the MSG90 group were lower than those in the 60-day-old mice in normal control group (NC60 group) (p < 0.05), but the number of apoptotic cells in the testicular section was higher than in the NC60 group (p < 0.05). When the 90-day-old mice in monosodium glutamate group (MSG90 group) was compared with the MSG60 group, except for body weight and testicular weight increase (p < 0.05), there is no significant difference in the other parameters mentioned above (p > 0.05). Conclusion Monosodium glutamate can cause reproductive toxicity to male mice by damaging GnRH neurons, and this reproductive toxicity cannot be relieved spontaneously over time. These findings are supported by observed histological changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Xiang Wang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Feng Li
- Smart Gas Division, Qingdao iESLab Electronic Co., Ltd, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Liang Sun
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Ling Chong
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Xi Jiang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Chun Li
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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Lim SY, Dora R, Yatiman NH, Wong JE, Haron H, Poh BK. No effect of monosodium glutamate on subjective appetite and subsequent energy intake in children of different ethnicities. Appetite 2021; 167:105629. [PMID: 34364967 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Studies have shown that monosodium glutamate (MSG) can enhance satiety and reduce appetite among infants and adults. In a multi-ethnic country such as Malaysia, it is also important to consider whether ethnic variations will influence the effects of MSG on appetite regulation. Thus, this crossover study aimed to investigate the effects of MSG on the subjective appetite and subsequent energy intake among Malaysian children from the three major ethnic groups, namely the Malays, Chinese and Indians. A total of 92 participants aged 9-11 years from the three ethnic groups were recruited for this study. A cup of low-energy vegetable preload soup (100g, with MSG or without MSG) was served to each of the participants on the day of the study, followed by an ad libitum meal 45 min later. Appetite ratings of hunger, fullness, desire to eat and desire to snack were recorded using visual analogue scale (VAS) before the preload, after the preload, before the ad libitum meal and after the ad libitum meal. Results showed that the subjective appetite of the children did not differ between preload conditions (MSG+ or MSG-) throughout the study. Malay, Chinese and Indian children had similar total energy intake during the subsequent meal after the consumption of preload soups. In conclusion, the addition of MSG to low energy preload neither influenced the perception of appetite nor total energy intake in a subsequent ad libitum meal among children. No difference attributable to the participants' ethnicity was observed. Future studies should be conducted to examine whether repeated ingestion of MSG-containing protein-rich preload has potential longer-term effects on appetite and subsequent meal intakes among children from different ethnicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sim Yee Lim
- Nutritional Sciences Programme & Centre for Community Health Studies (ReaCH), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala, Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Rosmawati Dora
- Nutritional Sciences Programme & Centre for Community Health Studies (ReaCH), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala, Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Noor Hafizah Yatiman
- Nutritional Sciences Programme & Centre for Community Health Studies (ReaCH), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala, Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Jyh Eiin Wong
- Nutritional Sciences Programme & Centre for Community Health Studies (ReaCH), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala, Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Hasnah Haron
- Nutritional Sciences Programme & Centre for Community Health Studies (ReaCH), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala, Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Bee Koon Poh
- Nutritional Sciences Programme & Centre for Community Health Studies (ReaCH), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala, Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Li S, Wang C, Wu Z. Dietary L-arginine supplementation of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) alters the microbial population and activates intestinal fatty acid oxidation. Amino Acids 2021; 54:339-351. [PMID: 34212252 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-021-03018-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Currently, little is known about the function of L-arginine in the homeostasis of intestinal lipid metabolism. This study was conducted to test the hypothesis that dietary L-arginine supplementation may alter intestinal microbiota and lipid metabolism in tilapia. Tilapia were fed a basal diet (containing 16.9 g L-arginine per kilogram diets) or the basal diet supplemented with 1% or 2% L-arginine for 8 wks. In the present study, we found that dietary supplementation with 1% or 2% L-arginine induced a shift in the community structure of gut microbiota, as showed by increased (p < 0.05) α-diversity, altered (p < 0.05) β-diversity and function profile. This finding coincided with decreased lipid accretion in the intestine of tilapia, which was associated with an enhancement in mRNA levels for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (Pparα), acyl-coenzyme a oxidase 1 (Acox1), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (Pgc-1α). Using intestinal epithelial cell culture, we demonstrated that the lipid-lowering effect of L-arginine was mainly mediated by activating the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), and PPARα, as well as mRNA levels for Acox1 and Acox2. Collectively, our results suggest that dietary L-arginine supplementation of tilapia changed the intestinal microbiota and activated intestinal fatty acid oxidation. However, future studies are warranted to determine the relationship between microbiota and lipid metabolism in the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senlin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chao Wang
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhenlong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China. .,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Coêlho CFF, Souza ILS, Chagas VT, Ribeiro NLX, Pinto BAS, França LM, Paes AMDA. Myricetin improves metabolic outcomes but not cognitive deficit associated to metabolic syndrome in male mice. Food Funct 2021; 12:3586-3596. [PMID: 33900338 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00073j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Myricetin is a flavonol highly prevalent in edible vegetables and fruits, with recognized hypoglycemic and anti-obesity effects, besides great antioxidant capacity. Thus, this study sought to investigate whether myricetin is able to improve metabolic and behavioral outcomes found in monosodium l-glutamate (MSG) obese mice, a model of metabolic syndrome characterized by early hyperinsulinemia associated to obesity, dyslipidemia, hepatic steatosis, anxiety and cognitive deficit. Newborn male mice received MSG (4 mg kg-1 day-1, s.c.) on alternate days during the first 10 days of life for obesity induction, while control pups received equimolar saline solution. From postnatal day 90 to 135, MSG mice were orally treated with myricetin (50 mg kg-1 day-1) or distilled water, while control animals received vehicle. During the last week of treatment, all groups were submitted to behavioral tests: open field maze, elevated plus maze and Morris water maze. At the end of treatment, animals were euthanized for collection of liver, serum and adipose tissue fat pads. Myricetin treatment reduced the elevated serum levels of glucose and triglycerides, typically found in MSG mice, as well as restored peripheral insulin sensitivity and liver steatosis. Moreover, myricetin ameliorated the lack of thigmotaxis and exploratory behavior, but did not improve the cognitive deficit presented by MSG mice. Therefore, this study contributes to the pharmacological validation of myricetin as an affordable and healthy therapeutic adjuvant for the treatment of metabolic syndrome and most of its comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caio Fernando Ferreira Coêlho
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Maranhão, 1966, São Luís, MA 65080-805, Brazil.
| | - Ivana Letícia Santos Souza
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Maranhão, 1966, São Luís, MA 65080-805, Brazil.
| | - Vinicyus Teles Chagas
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Maranhão, 1966, São Luís, MA 65080-805, Brazil. and Department of Morphological Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, 1966, São Luís, MA 65080-805, Brazil
| | - Nathalee Liberal Xavier Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Maranhão, 1966, São Luís, MA 65080-805, Brazil.
| | - Bruno Araújo Serra Pinto
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Maranhão, 1966, São Luís, MA 65080-805, Brazil. and Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, 1966, São Luís, MA 65080-805, Brazil
| | - Lucas Martins França
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Maranhão, 1966, São Luís, MA 65080-805, Brazil. and Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, 1966, São Luís, MA 65080-805, Brazil
| | - Antonio Marcus de Andrade Paes
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Maranhão, 1966, São Luís, MA 65080-805, Brazil. and Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, 1966, São Luís, MA 65080-805, Brazil
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Banerjee A, Mukherjee S, Maji BK. Worldwide flavor enhancer monosodium glutamate combined with high lipid diet provokes metabolic alterations and systemic anomalies: An overview. Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:938-961. [PMID: 34026558 PMCID: PMC8120859 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavor enhancing high lipid diet acts as silent killer. Monosodium glutamate mixed with high lipid diet alters redox-status. Monosodium glutamate mixed with high lipid diet induces systemic anomalies.
In this fast-food era, people depend on ready-made foods and engage in minimal physical activities that ultimately change their food habits. Majorities of such foods have harmful effects on human health due to higher percentages of saturated fatty acids, trans-fatty acids, and hydrogenated fats in the form of high lipid diet (HLD). Moreover, food manufacturers add monosodium glutamate (MSG) to enhance the taste and palatability of the HLD. Both MSG and HLD induce the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and thereby alter the redox-homeostasis to cause systemic damage. However, MSG mixed HLD (MH) consumption leads to dyslipidemia, silently develops non-alcoholic fatty liver disease followed by metabolic alterations and systemic anomalies, even malignancies, via modulating different signaling pathways. This comprehensive review formulates health care strategies to create global awareness about the harmful impact of MH on the human body and recommends the daily consumption of more natural foods rich in antioxidants instead of toxic ingredients to counterbalance the MH-induced systemic anomalies.
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Liu L, Zhao J, Zhang R, Wang X, Wang Y, Chen Y, Feng R. Serum untargeted metabolomics delineates the metabolic status in different subtypes of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 200:114058. [PMID: 33865049 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to identify novel serum metabolites associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and to explore the metabolic discrepancies between Lean-NAFLD and Obese-NAFLD. METHODS Serum samples from patients with NAFLD (n = 161) and healthy participants (n = 149) were collected, and metabolites were analyzed with UPLC-Q-TOF MS/MS. Subgroup analyses were performed to explore the metabolic differences among Lean-NAFLD, Obese-NAFLD and healthy controls RESULTS: A total of 24 differentially present metabolites were found between patients with NAFLD and healthy controls. Marked metabolic pathway differences were observed among the NAFLD subtypes, including in fatty acid and amino acid metabolism. Ultimately, five metabolites (prasterone, indoxylsulfuric acid, sebacic acid, arachidonic acid and pregnenolone sulfate) were used to establish a diagnostic model to distinguish patients with NAFLD regardless of Lean- or Obese-NAFLD type. CONCLUSIONS This study suggested that significant metabolic differences existed among subtypes of NAFLD, and our model might be useful to distinguish patients with NAFLD. These findings may lay a foundation for the detection and treatment of NAFLD subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Liu
- National Key Discipline Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Jinhui Zhao
- National Key Discipline Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Runan Zhang
- National Key Discipline Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Xuemei Wang
- National Key Discipline Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Yan Wang
- National Key Discipline Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Yang Chen
- National Key Discipline Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Rennan Feng
- National Key Discipline Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China.
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Acar A. Ameliorative effects of cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) against monosodium glutamate (MSG)-induced toxicity: genetic and biochemical approach. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:18035-18049. [PMID: 33405109 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11800-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the toxic effects of monosodium glutamate (MSG), which is the sodium salt of glutamic acid and used as a flavor-enhancing additive in foods, and the protective role of cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) extract against these effects were investigated using Allium cepa L. test material with physiological, cytogenetic, and biochemical parameters. In the study, physiological changes were evaluated by determining root length, weight gain, and rooting percentage; genetic changes were evaluated by chromosomal abnormalities, micronucleus (MN) formation, mitotic index ratio (MI), and DNA damage. Oxidative stress was evaluated by determining the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT). Further, the relationships between oxidative stress and other parameters in the study were investigated. The antimutagenic effect of P. peruviana L. extract was evaluated as inhibition caused by MSG-induced chromosomal abnormalities (CAs) and DNA damage. In the study, six groups, including one control and five applications, were formed. The bulbs of Allium cepa L. in the control group were treated with tap water; the bulbs in the administration groups treated with 1000 mg/L MSG, 125 mg/L, and 250 mg/L concentrations of P. peruviana L. extract and MSG (1000 mg/L) in combination with P. peruviana L. extracts (125 mg/L and 250 mg/L) for 72 h. At the end of the application, compared to the control group, MSG application caused decreases in rooting percentage, weight gain, root length and MI, increases in frequencies of MN formation, chromosomal abnormalities, and DNA damage. In the biochemical analysis, it was determined that there were increases in MDA, SOD, and CAT levels and a decrease in GSH level. P. peruviana L. extract ameliorated MSG toxicity by showing improvement in all these parameters depending on the application concentration. As a result, considering the toxic effects of MSG, it has been understood that the use as a food additive should be abandoned and the use of P. peruviana L. in addition to daily nutrition has been found to be a good antioxidant nutrient in reducing the effects of exposed toxic substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Acar
- Vocational School of Health Services, Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey.
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21
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Skurikhin EG, Pakhomova AV, Pershina OV, Ermakova NN, Krupin VA, Pan ES, Sandrikina LA, Putrova OD, Zhukova MA, Kurochkina IV, Dygai AM. Genetic Factors as the Basis of Sex Differences in Damage to Lung Endothelium and Regulation of Angiogenesis Cells in Modeling Pulmonary Emphysema in C57BL/6 Mice with Dyslipidemia and Hyperglycemia. Bull Exp Biol Med 2021; 170:326-331. [PMID: 33452984 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-021-05061-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
We studied the formation of injuries in lung endothelium and the response of angiogenesis cells during modeling of pulmonary emphysema in male and female C57BL/6 mice with metabolic disorders. Hemodynamic disturbances and reduction in the area of the microvasculature caused by combined pathology in male mice were more pronounced than in females. Mobilization and migration of angiogenic precursors were impaired in both male and female mice. In males, activity of recruiting endothelial progenitor cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, luminal cells of nascent vessels and pericytes into the lungs was additionally reduced. In females, accumulation of endothelial progenitor cells (CD45-CD31+CD34+), vascular smooth muscle cells, and pericytes in the lungs was observed, which indicated activation of endothelial regeneration. Sex differences in the reaction of the lung endothelium and angiogenesis cells can be explained by genetic factors of lipid and glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- E G Skurikhin
- Laboratory of Regenerative Pharmacology, E. D. Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - A V Pakhomova
- Laboratory of Regenerative Pharmacology, E. D. Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia.
| | - O V Pershina
- Laboratory of Regenerative Pharmacology, E. D. Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - N N Ermakova
- Laboratory of Regenerative Pharmacology, E. D. Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - V A Krupin
- Laboratory of Regenerative Pharmacology, E. D. Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - E S Pan
- Laboratory of Regenerative Pharmacology, E. D. Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - L A Sandrikina
- Laboratory of Regenerative Pharmacology, E. D. Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - O D Putrova
- Laboratory of Regenerative Pharmacology, E. D. Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - M A Zhukova
- Laboratory of Regenerative Pharmacology, E. D. Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - I V Kurochkina
- Laboratory of Regenerative Pharmacology, E. D. Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - A M Dygai
- Laboratory of Regenerative Pharmacology, E. D. Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
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Quines CB, Jardim NS, Araujo PCO, Cechella JL, Prado VC, Nogueira CW. Resistance training restores metabolic alterations induced by monosodium glutamate in a sex-dependent manner in male and female rats. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:13426-13440. [PMID: 30916837 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite resistance exercises being associated with health outcomes, numerous issues are still unresolved and further research is required before the exercise can faithfully be prescribed as medicine. The goal of this study was to investigate whether there are sex differences in resistance training effects on metabolic alterations induced by monosodium glutamate (MSG), a model of obesity, in male and female rats. Male and female Wistar rats received MSG (4 g/kg body weight/day, s.c.) from postnatal day 1 to 10. After 10 days from MSG administration, the rats were separated into two groups: MSG-sedentary and MSG-exercised. At postnatal day 60, the animals started a resistance training protocol in an 80 degrees inclined vertical ladder apparatus and performed it for 7 weeks. Control rats received saline solution and were divided in saline-sedentary and saline-exercised. Resistance training restored all plasma biochemical parameters (glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase) increased in male and female rats treated with MSG. The MSG administration induced hyperglycemia associated with a decrease in the skeletal muscle glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) levels and accompanied by deregulation in proteins, G-6Pase, and tyrosine aminotransferase, involved in hepatic glucose metabolism of male and female rats. MSG induced dyslipidemia and lipotoxicity in the liver and skeletal muscle of male rats. Regarding female rats, lipotoxicity was found only in the skeletal muscle. The resistance training had beneficial effects against metabolic alterations induced by MSG in male and female rats, through regulation of proteins (GLUT2, protein kinase B, and GLUT4) involved in glucose and lipid pathways in the liver and skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline B Quines
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade e Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Natália S Jardim
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade e Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Paulo Cesar O Araujo
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade e Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - José Luiz Cechella
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade e Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Vinicius C Prado
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade e Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Cristina W Nogueira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade e Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Bahadoran Z, Mirmiran P, Ghasemi A. Monosodium Glutamate (MSG)-Induced Animal Model of Type 2 Diabetes. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1916:49-65. [PMID: 30535681 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8994-2_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
In 1976, an animal model of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) was described by Cameron et al. using injection of monosodium glutamate (MSG) in KK mice during the neonatal period. Some years later, similar models have been developed by various doses and durations and the main of these models exhibited obesity and features of diabetes mellitus, including glycosuria, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, decreased glucose tolerance, and insulin sensitivity. Studies indicated that MSG treatment of newborn animals generates necrosis of neuronal cells of the hypothalamic ventromedial nucleus and arcuate nucleus. Neonatal MSG-treatment was related to normoglycemic-normoinsulinemic state at young ages and development of obesity and hyperinsulinemia at adult ages. Following observation of a severe hypertrophy of pancreatic islets due to the proliferation of β-cells in MSG-treated mice, this model has been proposed as a useful animal model of human T2DM. A higher dose of MSG (≥4 mg/g body weight) accompanied by a longer follow-up duration (>6 months) are needed to establish a typical animal model of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Bahadoran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asghar Ghasemi
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Effect of Low-Fat Diet in Obese Mice Lacking Toll-like Receptors. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10101464. [PMID: 30304787 PMCID: PMC6213519 DOI: 10.3390/nu10101464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This study aimed at assessing the effect of a low-fat diet (LFD) in obese mice lacking toll–like receptors (Tlr) and understanding the expression and regulation of microRNAs during weight reduction. Methods: C57BL/6, Tlr5−/−, Tlr2−/− and Tlr4−/− mice were used in this study. A group of mice were fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) (58% kcal) for 12 weeks to induce obesity (diet-induced obesity, DIO). Another group that had been fed with HFD for eight weeks (obese mice) were switched to a low-fat diet (LFD) (10.5% kcal) for the next four weeks to reduce their body weight. The control mice were fed with a standard AIN-76A diet for the entire 12 weeks. The body weight of the mice was measured weekly. At the end of the experiment, epididymal fat weight and adipocyte size were measured. The differentially expressed miRNAs in the fat tissue was determined by next-generation sequencing with real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT–qPCR). Target prediction and functional annotation of miRNAs were performed using miRSystem database. Results: Switching to LFD significantly reduced the body weight and epididymal fat mass in the HFD-fed C57BL/6 and Tlr5−/− mice but not in Tlr2−/− and Tlr4−/− mice. Weight reduction significantly decreased the size of adipocytes in C57BL/6 but not in the Tlr knockout mice. In Tlr2−/− and Tlr4−/− mice, feeding with HFD and the subsequent weight reduction resulted in an aberrant miRNA expression in the epididymal fat tissue unlike in C57BL/6 and Tlr5−/−. However, target prediction and functional annotation by miRSystem database revealed that all the top 10 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database pathways of the dysregulated miRNAs during weight reduction in the C57BL/6 mice were also found in the regulated pathways of Tlr5−/−, Tlr2−/−, and Tlr4−/− strains. However, among these pathways, gene sets involved in arginine and proline metabolism and glutathione metabolism were mainly involved in the Tlr knockout mice but not in the C57BL/6 mice. Conclusions: In this study, we demonstrated that feeding of LFD leads to significant body weight reduction in C57BL/6 and Tlr5−/− mice, but not in Tlr2−/− and Tlr4−/− mice. Significant reduction in the size of adipocytes of epididymal fat was only found in C57BL/6, but not in Tlr5−/−, Tlr2−/−, and Tlr4−/− mice. The dysregulated miRNAs in Tlr2−/− and Tlr4−/− mice were different from those in C57BL/6 and Tlr5−/− strains. Among those miRNA-regulated pathways, arginine and proline metabolism as well as glutathione metabolism may have important roles in the Tlr knockout mice rather than in C57BL/6 mice.
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Quines CB, Rosa SG, Velasquez D, Prado VC, Neto JS, Nogueira CW. (p-ClPhSe)2 stabilizes metabolic function in a rat model of neuroendocrine obesity induced by monosodium glutamate. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 118:168-180. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Rosa SG, Chagas PM, Pesarico AP, Nogueira CW. Monosodium glutamate induced nociception and oxidative stress dependent on time of administration, age of rats and susceptibility of spinal cord and brain regions. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 351:64-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Niaz K, Zaplatic E, Spoor J. Extensive use of monosodium glutamate: A threat to public health? EXCLI JOURNAL 2018; 17:273-278. [PMID: 29743864 PMCID: PMC5938543 DOI: 10.17179/excli2018-1092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Niaz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Bioscience and Agri-Food and Environmental Technology, University of Teramo-64100, Italy
| | - Elizabeta Zaplatic
- Faculty of Bioscience and Agri-Food and Environmental Technology, University of Teramo-64100, Italy
| | - Jonathan Spoor
- Erasmus University Medical Centre, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Decreased diabetes risk over 9 year after 18-month oral L-arginine treatment in middle-aged subjects with impaired glucose tolerance and metabolic syndrome (extension evaluation of L-arginine study). Eur J Nutr 2017; 57:2805-2817. [PMID: 29052766 PMCID: PMC6267392 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-017-1548-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to determine whether l-arginine supplementation lasting for 18 months maintained long-lasting effects on diabetes incidence, insulin secretion and sensitivity, oxidative stress, and endothelial function during 108 months among subjects at high risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Methods One hundred and forty-four middle-aged subjects with impaired glucose tolerance and metabolic syndrome were randomized in 2006 to an l-arginine supplementation (6.4 g orally/day) or placebo therapy lasting 18 months. This period was followed by a 90-month follow-up. The primary outcome was a diagnosis of diabetes during the 108 month study period. Secondary outcomes included changes in insulin secretion (proinsulin/c-peptide ratio), insulin sensitivity (IGI/HOMA-IR), oxidative stress (AOPPs), and vascular function. After the 18 month participation, subjects that were still free of diabetes and willing to continue their participation (104 subjects) were further followed until diabetes diagnosis, with a time span of about 9 years from baseline. Results Although results derived from the 18 month of the intervention study demonstrated no differences in the probability of becoming diabetics, at the end of the study, the cumulative incidence of diabetes was of 40.6% in the l-arginine group and of 57.4% in the placebo group. The adjusted HR for diabetes (l-arginine vs. placebo) was 0.66; 95% CI 0.48, 0.91; p < 0.02). Proinsulin/c-peptide ratio (p < 0.001), IGI/HOMA-IR (p < 0.01), and AOPP (p < 0.05) levels were ameliorated in l-arginine compared to placebo. Conclusions These results may suggest that the administration of l-arginine could delay the development of T2DM for a long period. This effect could be mediated, in some extent, by l-arginine-induced reduction in oxidative stress.
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