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Huchzermeier R, van der Vorst EPC. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (NRF2): An important crosstalk in the gut-liver axis. Biochem Pharmacol 2025; 233:116785. [PMID: 39890034 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2025.116785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2024] [Revised: 12/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2025] [Indexed: 02/03/2025]
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor, mainly involved in detoxification. However, in the intestine, metabolites derived from the diet, which are converted by a wide range of bacteria can also activate the AHR. This intestinal AHR activation plays a key role in maintaining the gut barrier by, for example, upregulating antimicrobial peptides and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Since the gut barrier influences the gut-liver axis by regulating the leaking of metabolites, bacteria, and endotoxins into circulation and particularly into the liver, the AHR is a key factor in the gut-liver axis. Vice versa, certain liver pathologies also influence the gut microbiome, thereby altering bacteria-derived activation of the AHR. Additionally, bile acids can impact the gut via the liver and thereby also affect the AHR. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) interacts with several molecular factors, one of which is the nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (NRF2), a transcription factor primarily associated with regulating antioxidant stress responses. The interplay between AHR and NRF2 has been investigated in the context of various diseases; this review highlights the significance of this interaction within the framework of the gut-liver axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Huchzermeier
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Aachen-Maastricht Institute for CardioRenal Disease (AMICARE), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Emiel P C van der Vorst
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Aachen-Maastricht Institute for CardioRenal Disease (AMICARE), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany.
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Svobodová G, Horní M, Velecká E, Boušová I. Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease-induced changes in the antioxidant system: a review. Arch Toxicol 2025; 99:1-22. [PMID: 39443317 PMCID: PMC11748479 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-024-03889-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 10/09/2024] [Indexed: 10/25/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a heterogeneous condition characterized by liver steatosis, inflammation, consequent fibrosis, and cirrhosis. Chronic impairment of lipid metabolism is closely related to oxidative stress, leading to cellular lipotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. The detrimental effect of oxidative stress is usually accompanied by changes in antioxidant defense mechanisms, with the alterations in antioxidant enzymes expression/activities during MASLD development and progression reported in many clinical and experimental studies. This review will provide a comprehensive overview of the present research on MASLD-induced changes in the catalytic activity and expression of the main antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutases, catalase, glutathione peroxidases, glutathione S-transferases, glutathione reductase, NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase) and in the level of non-enzymatic antioxidant glutathione. Furthermore, an overview of the therapeutic effects of vitamin E on antioxidant enzymes during the progression of MASLD will be presented. Generally, at the beginning of MASLD development, the expression/activity of antioxidant enzymes usually increases to protect organisms against the increased production of reactive oxygen species. However, in advanced stage of MASLD, the expression/activity of several antioxidants generally decreases due to damage to hepatic and extrahepatic cells, which further exacerbates the damage. Although the results obtained in patients, in various experimental animal or cell models have been inconsistent, taken together the importance of antioxidant enzymes in MASLD development and progression has been clearly shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Svobodová
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Horní
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Velecká
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Iva Boušová
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
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Yu T, Luo L, Xue J, Tang W, Wu X, Yang F. Gut microbiota-NLRP3 inflammasome crosstalk in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2024; 48:102458. [PMID: 39233138 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2024.102458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic liver disease associated with metabolic dysfunction, ranging from hepatic steatosis with or without mild inflammation to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, which can rapidly progress to liver fibrosis and even liver cancer. In 2023, after several rounds of Delphi surveys, a new consensus recommended renaming NAFLD as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Ninety-nine percent of NAFLD patients meet the new MASLD criteria related to metabolic cardiovascular risk factors under the "multiple parallel hits" of lipotoxicity, insulin resistance (IR), a proinflammatory diet, and an intestinal microbiota disorder, and previous research on NAFLD remains valid. The NLRP3 inflammasome, a well-known member of the pattern recognition receptor (PRR) family, can be activated by danger signals transmitted by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), as well as cytokines involved in immune and inflammatory responses. The activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway by MASLD triggers the production of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18. In MASLD, while changes in the composition and metabolites of the intestinal microbiota occur, the disrupted intestinal microbiota can also generate the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 by damaging the intestinal barrier, negatively regulating the liver on the gut-liver axis, and further aggravating MASLD. Therefore, modulating the gut-microbiota-liver axis through the NLRP3 inflammasome may emerge as a novel therapeutic approach for MASLD patients. In this article, we review the evidence regarding the functions of the NLRP3 inflammasome and the intestinal microbiota in MASLD, as well as their interactions in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Yu
- School of Clinical Medical, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430000, PR China
| | - Lei Luo
- Department of Health Management Center, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Juan Xue
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Wuhan 430015, PR China
| | - Wenqian Tang
- Department of Health Management Center, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Xiaojie Wu
- School of Clinical Medical, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430000, PR China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Health Management Center, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
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Shen X, Yang H, Yang Y, Zhu X, Sun Q. The cellular and molecular targets of natural products against metabolic disorders: a translational approach to reach the bedside. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e664. [PMID: 39049964 PMCID: PMC11266934 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic disorders, including obesity, dyslipidemia, diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and metabolic syndrome, are characterized by insulin resistance, abnormalities in circulating cholesterol and lipid profiles, and hypertension. The most common pathophysiologies of metabolic disorders are glucose/lipid metabolism dysregulation, insulin resistance, inflammatory response, and oxidative stress. Although several agents have been approved for the treatment of metabolic disorders, there is still a strong demand for more efficacious drugs with less side effects. Natural products have been critical sources of drug research and discovery for decades. However, the usefulness of bioactive natural products is often limited by incomplete understanding of their direct cellular targets. In this review, we highlight the current understanding of the established and emerging molecular mechanisms of metabolic disorders. We further summarize the therapeutic effects and underlying mechanisms of natural products on metabolic disorders, with highlights on their direct cellular targets, which are mainly implicated in the regulation of glucose/lipid metabolism, insulin resistance, metabolic inflammation, and oxidative stress. Finally, this review also covers the clinical studies of natural products in metabolic disorders. These progresses are expected to facilitate the application of these natural products and their derivatives in the development of novel drugs against metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Shen
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceHospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengduChina
| | - Hongling Yang
- Department of Nephrology and Institute of NephrologySichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan Clinical Research Centre for Kidney DiseasesChengduChina
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care MedicineSichuan Provincial People's HospitalUniversity of Electronic Science and TechnologyChengduChina
| | - Xianjun Zhu
- The Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Center for Medical GeneticsSichuan Provincial People's HospitalUniversity of Electronic Science and TechnologyChengduChina
| | - Qingxiang Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care MedicineSichuan Provincial People's HospitalUniversity of Electronic Science and TechnologyChengduChina
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Pan H, Song D, Wang Z, Yang X, Luo P, Li W, Li Y, Gong M, Zhang C. Dietary modulation of gut microbiota affects susceptibility to drug-induced liver injury. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2439534. [PMID: 39673542 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2439534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2024] [Revised: 11/06/2024] [Accepted: 12/02/2024] [Indexed: 12/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The rising incidence of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) parallels contemporary dietary shifts that have transformed the composition of human gut microbiota. The relationship between these phenomena remains unknown. Here, it is unveiled that a high fiber diet (HFiD) provides substantial protection against DILI, whereas a western style diet (WSD) significantly exacerbates DILI. Gut microbiota transplantation further confirms these differing outcomes are mediated by diet-induced variations in gut microbiota. Mechanistically, Lactobacillus acidophilus, enriched by HFiD, alleviates DILI through its metabolite indole-3-lactic acid (ILA), which activates the AhR/Nrf2 signaling pathway, thus enhancing hepatocellular antioxidant defenses and detoxification capacity. In the clinical intervention of subjects with prediabetes (N = 330), dietary fiber intervention enriches intestinal L. acidophilus, elevates serum ILA levels, and improves liver function. Conversely, WSD induces disturbance in bile acid metabolism and dysbiosis in gut microbiota, which impairs the intestinal barrier and facilitates the translocation of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) to the liver, thus triggering inflammatory responses and exacerbating DILI. These results demonstrate that dietary patterns significantly influence the onset of DILI by modulating gut microbiota. This novel insight expands the understanding of DILI risk factors and highlights the potential of dietary modifications as a preventive strategy against DILI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Delei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengxue Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Shojaei-Zarghani S, Najafi N, Fattahi MR, Safarpour AR. Influence of Garlic on the Glycemic Control and Lipid Profile in Animals with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. PLANTA MEDICA 2023; 89:1125-1137. [PMID: 37385425 DOI: 10.1055/a-2112-6204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is the hepatic sign of metabolic syndrome. Here, we aimed to assess the effects of garlic and its major components on fasting plasma glucose, fasting insulin, and lipid profile levels in animal models of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. A systematic search in PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, and Web of Science was performed. After the screening process and data extraction, the pooled effect sizes were estimated using a random-effect model and stated as standardized mean differences and a 95% confidence interval. Out of 839 reports, 22 articles were included in the present study. The pooled results revealed that garlic and its components significantly decreased fasting plasma glucose (standardized mean difference: - 0.77, 95% confidence interval: - 1.42 to - 0.12, I2 : 58.85%), fasting insulin (standardized mean difference: - 1.88, 95% confidence interval: - 3.07 to - 0.69, I2 : 70.42%), serum triglyceride (standardized mean difference: - 1.01, 95% confidence interval: - 1.43 to - 0.59, I2 : 61.41%), cholesterol (standardized mean difference: - 1.00, 95% confidence interval: - 1.39 to - 0.60, I2 : 52.12%), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (standardized mean difference: - 0.98, 95% CI: - 1.63 to - 0.32, I2 : 71.58%) and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (standardized mean difference: 1.05, 95% confidence interval: 0.52 to 1.58, I2 : 59.39%) levels. The type of animal, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease induction model, kind and duration of intervention, study model, and risk of bias were detected as possible sources of heterogeneity across studies. We conclude that garlic and its major components have a favorable impact on glycemic control and lipid profile in diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Shojaei-Zarghani
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nastaran Najafi
- Patient Safety Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Fattahi
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Reza Safarpour
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Shang H, Huang C, Xiao Z, Yang P, Zhang S, Hou X, Zhang L. Gut microbiota-derived tryptophan metabolites alleviate liver injury via AhR/Nrf2 activation in pyrrolizidine alkaloids-induced sinusoidal obstruction syndrome. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:127. [PMID: 37422682 PMCID: PMC10329330 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01078-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (HSOS) is caused by toxic injury, such as pyrrolizidine alkaloids, to the liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, and the gut microbiota may be involved. However, the specific role and underlying mechanism of gut microbiota in HSOS is unknown. METHODS HSOS model was established by gavage of monocrotaline (MCT) in rats. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) with HSOS-derived or healthy gut flora was also conducted to validate the role of gut microflora in MCT-induced liver injury. The microbial 16 s rRNA analysis and untargeted metabolomics analysis in the faeces were performed to identify HSOS-related flora and metabolites. Finally, by supplementation with specific tryptophan metabolites, such as indole-3-acetaldehyde (IAAld) and indole acetic acid (IAA), we further confirmed the role of tryptophan metabolism in HSOS and the role of the AhR/Nrf2 pathway in MCT-induced liver injury. RESULTS MCT induced HSOS-like liver injury in rats with significantly altered gut microbiota. Particularly, some tryptophan-metabolizing bacteria reduced in MCT-treated rats, such as Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus and Clostridium, and accompanied by a decrease in microbial tryptophan metabolic activity and a series of tryptophan derivatives. Restoring the gut microbiota via FMT improved MCT-induced liver damage, while HSOS-derived gut microbiota aggravated the liver injury induced by MCT. Supplementation with microbial tryptophan derivatives (IAAld or IAA), or 6-formylindolo(3,2-b)carbazole (Ficz, an AhR agonist) could activate the AhR/Nrf2 signaling pathway, thereby attenuating the MCT-induced liver oxidative stress and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells injury. CONCLUSIONS Gut microbiota plays a critical role in MCT-induced HSOS, with inadequate microbial tryptophan metabolism in the gut and consequently a lower activity of the AhR/Nrf2 signaling pathway in the liver, which should be a potential target for the management of HSOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Shang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Municipal Hospital), Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Chao Huang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Zhuanglong Xiao
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Pengcheng Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Shengyan Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xiaohua Hou
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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Khanmohammadi S, Ramos-Molina B, Kuchay MS. NOD-like receptors in the pathogenesis of metabolic (dysfunction)-associated fatty liver disease: Therapeutic agents targeting NOD-like receptors. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2023; 17:102788. [PMID: 37302383 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2023.102788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS In metabolic (dysfunction)-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), activation of inflammatory processes marks the transition of simple steatosis to steatohepatitis, which can further evolve to advanced fibrosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. Under the stress of chronic overnutrition, the innate immune system orchestrates hepatic inflammation through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Cytosolic PRRs that include NOD-like receptors (NLRs) are crucial for inducing inflammatory processes in the liver. METHODS A literature search was performed with Medline (PubMed), Google Scholar and Scopus electronic databases till January 2023, using relevant keywords to extract studies describing the role of NLRs in the pathogenesis of MAFLD. RESULTS Several NLRs operate through the formation of inflammasomes, which are multimolecular complexes that generate pro-inflammatory cytokines and induce pyroptotic cell death. A multitude of pharmacological agents target NLRs and improve several aspects of MAFLD. In this review, we discuss the current concepts related to the role of NLRs in the pathogenesis of MAFLD and its complications. We also discuss the latest research on MAFLD therapeutics functioning through NLRs. CONCLUSIONS NLRs play a significant role in the pathogenesis of MAFLD and its consequences, especially through generation of inflammasomes, such as NLRP3 inflammasomes. Lifestyle changes (exercise, coffee consumption) and therapeutic agents (GLP-1 receptor agonists, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors, obeticholic acid) improve MAFLD and its complications partly through blockade of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. New studies are required to explore these inflammatory pathways fully for the treatment of MAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaghayegh Khanmohammadi
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bruno Ramos-Molina
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Mohammad Shafi Kuchay
- Divison of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Medanta the Medicity Hospital, Gurugram 122001, Haryana, India.
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Zhao J, Sun Y, Gao P, Zhao Z, Wei G. S-allylmercaptocysteine promotes anti-tumor immunity by suppressing PD-L1 expression. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114446. [PMID: 37002570 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
SAMC (S-allylmercaptocysteine) possesses significant anti-tumor effects and is proven to inhibit inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The potential to regulate the immune system of SAMC inspired us to detect whether SAMC can promote anti-tumor immunity. Here we found that SAMC inhibits tumor development and progression by boosting CD8+ T cell and NK cell infiltration and decreasing the frequency of immune suppressing Treg cells in tumor tissue and enhancing the systemic immune function. Mechanistically, we found that SAMC suppresses PD-L1 expression at transcriptional level to increase the activation of anti-tumor cytotoxic T cells. Finally, we proved that SAMC inhibits PD-L1 transcription by suppressing the phosphorylation activation of STAT3. In conclusion, our findings reveal that SAMC is a potent immunity regulator and a potential agent for immune checkpoint inhibition in tumor therapy.
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Chen KQ, Ke BY, Cheng L, Yu XQ, Wang ZB, Wang SZ. Research and progress of inflammasomes in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 118:110013. [PMID: 36931172 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
With the development of the social economy, unhealthy living habits and eating styles are gradually affecting people's health in recent years. As a chronic liver disease, NAFLD is deeply affected by unhealthy living habits and eating styles and has gradually become an increasingly serious public health problem. As a protein complex in clinical research, the inflammasomes play a crucial role in the development of NAFLD, atherosclerosis, and other diseases. This paper reviews the types, composition, characteristics of inflammasomes, and molecular mechanism of the inflammasome in NAFLD. Meanwhile, the paper reviews the drugs and non-drugs that target NLRP3 inflammasome in the treatment of NAFLD in the past decades. we also analyzed and summarized the related experimental models, mechanisms, and results of NAFLD. Although current therapeutic strategies for NAFLD are not effective, we expect that we will be able to find an appropriate treatment to address this problem in the future with further research on inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Qian Chen
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Bo-Yi Ke
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Lu Cheng
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Yu
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Zong-Bao Wang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Shu-Zhi Wang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
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Shojaei-Zarghani S, Fattahi MR, Kazemi A, Safarpour AR. Effects of garlic and its major bioactive components on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of animal studies. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
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Hepatoprotective Effect of Mixture of Dipropyl Polysulfides in Concanavalin A-Induced Hepatitis. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13031022. [PMID: 33809904 PMCID: PMC8004208 DOI: 10.3390/nu13031022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The main biologically active components of plants belonging to the genus Allium, responsible for their biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and immunomodulatory, are organosulfur compounds. The aim of this study was to synthetize the mixture of dipropyl polysulfides (DPPS) and to test their biological activity in acute hepatitis. C57BL/6 mice were administered orally with DPPS 6 h before intravenous injection of Concanavalin A (ConA). Liver inflammation, necrosis and hepatocytes apoptosis were determined by histological analyses. Cytokines in liver tissue were determined by ELISA, expression of adhesive molecules and enzymes by RT PCR, while liver mononuclear cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. DPPS pretreatment significantly attenuated liver inflammation and injury, as evidenced by biochemical and histopathological observations. In DPPS-pretreated mice, messenger RNA levels of adhesion molecules and NADPH oxidase complex were significantly reduced, while the expression of SOD enzymes was enhanced. DPPS pretreatment decreased protein level of inflammatory cytokines and increased percentage of T regulatory cells in the livers of ConA mice. DPPS showed hepatoprotective effects in ConA-induced hepatitis, characterized by attenuation of inflammation and affection of Th17/Treg balance in favor of T regulatory cells and implicating potential therapeutic usage of DPPS mixture in inflammatory liver diseases.
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