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Wrublewsky S, Wilden C, Bickelmann C, Menger MD, Laschke MW, Ampofo E. Absent in Melanoma (AIM)2 Promotes the Outcome of Islet Transplantation by Repressing Ischemia-Induced Interferon (IFN) Signaling. Cells 2023; 13:16. [PMID: 38201220 PMCID: PMC10778091 DOI: 10.3390/cells13010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Clinical islet transplantation is limited by ischemia-induced islet cell death. Recently, it has been reported that the absent in melanoma (AIM)2 inflammasome is upregulated by ischemic cell death due to recognition of aberrant cytoplasmic self-dsDNA. However, it is unknown whether AIM2 determines the outcome of islet transplantation. To investigate this, isolated wild type (WT) and AIM2-deficient (AIM2-/-) islets were exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation to mimic ischemia, and their viability, endocrine function, and interferon (IFN) signaling were assessed. Moreover, the revascularization and endocrine function of grafted WT and AIM2-/- islets were analyzed in the mouse dorsal skinfold chamber model and the diabetic kidney capsule model. Ischemic WT and AIM2-/- islets did not differ in their viability. However, AIM2-/- islets exhibited a higher protein level of p202, a transcriptional regulator of IFN-β and IFN-γ gene expression. Accordingly, these cytokines were upregulated in AIM2-/- islets, resulting in a suppressed gene expression and secretion of insulin. Moreover, the revascularization of AIM2-/- islet grafts was deteriorated when compared to WT controls. Furthermore, transplantation of AIM2-/- islets in diabetic mice failed to restore physiological blood glucose levels. These findings indicate that AIM2 crucially determines the engraftment and endocrine function of transplanted islets by repressing IFN signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Emmanuel Ampofo
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (S.W.)
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2
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Ferrari D, Sengupta A, Heo L, Pethö L, Michler J, Geiser T, de Jesus Perez VA, Kuebler WM, Zeinali S, Guenat OT. Effects of biomechanical and biochemical stimuli on angio- and vasculogenesis in a complex microvasculature-on-chip. iScience 2023; 26:106198. [PMID: 36879808 PMCID: PMC9985038 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The endothelium of blood vessels is a vital organ that reacts differently to subtle changes in stiffness and mechanical forces exerted on its environment (extracellular matrix (ECM)). Upon alteration of these biomechanical cues, endothelial cells initiate signaling pathways that govern vascular remodeling. The emerging organs-on-chip technologies allow the mimicking of complex microvasculature networks, identifying the combined or singular effects of these biomechanical or biochemical stimuli. Here, we present a microvasculature-on-chip model to investigate the singular effect of ECM stiffness and mechanical cyclic stretch on vascular development. Following two different approaches for vascular growth, the effect of ECM stiffness on sprouting angiogenesis and the effect of cyclic stretch on endothelial vasculogenesis are studied. Our results indicate that ECM hydrogel stiffness controls the size of the patterned vasculature and the density of sprouting angiogenesis. RNA sequencing shows that the cellular response to stretching is characterized by the upregulation of certain genes such as ANGPTL4+5, PDE1A, and PLEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Ferrari
- Organs-on-chip Technologies Laboratory, ARTORG Center, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Arunima Sengupta
- Organs-on-chip Technologies Laboratory, ARTORG Center, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lyong Heo
- Stanford Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Laszlo Pethö
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Mechanics of Materials and Nanostructures, Thun, Switzerland
| | - Johann Michler
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Mechanics of Materials and Nanostructures, Thun, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Geiser
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Inselspital, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Vinicio A. de Jesus Perez
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Wolfgang M. Kuebler
- Institute of Physiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Soheila Zeinali
- Organs-on-chip Technologies Laboratory, ARTORG Center, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Olivier T. Guenat
- Organs-on-chip Technologies Laboratory, ARTORG Center, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Inselspital, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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3
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Wrublewsky S, Glas J, Carlein C, Nalbach L, Hoffmann MDA, Pack M, Vilas-Boas EA, Ribot N, Kappl R, Menger MD, Laschke MW, Ampofo E, Roma LP. The loss of pancreatic islet NADPH oxidase (NOX)2 improves islet transplantation. Redox Biol 2022; 55:102419. [PMID: 35933903 PMCID: PMC9357848 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Islet transplantation is a promising treatment strategy for type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients. However, oxidative stress-induced graft failure due to an insufficient revascularization is a major problem of this therapeutic approach. NADPH oxidase (NOX)2 is an important producer of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and several studies have already reported that this enzyme plays a crucial role in the endocrine function and viability of β-cells. Therefore, we hypothesized that targeting islet NOX2 improves the outcome of islet transplantation. To test this, we analyzed the cellular composition and viability of isolated wild-type (WT) and Nox2-/- islets by immunohistochemistry as well as different viability assays. Ex vivo, the effect of Nox2 deficiency on superoxide production, endocrine function and anti-oxidant protein expression was studied under hypoxic conditions. In vivo, we transplanted WT and Nox2-/- islets into mouse dorsal skinfold chambers and under the kidney capsule of diabetic mice to assess their revascularization and endocrine function, respectively. We found that the loss of NOX2 does not affect the cellular composition and viability of isolated islets. However, decreased superoxide production, higher glucose-stimulated insulin secretion as well as expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf)2, heme oxygenase (HO)-1 and superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) was detected in hypoxic Nox2-/- islets when compared to WT islets. Moreover, we detected an early revascularization, a higher take rate and restoration of normoglycemia in diabetic mice transplanted with Nox2-/- islets. These findings indicate that the suppression of NOX2 activity represents a promising therapeutic strategy to improve engraftment and function of isolated islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selina Wrublewsky
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Julia Glas
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Christopher Carlein
- Department of Biophysics, Center for Human and Molecular Biology (ZHMB), Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Lisa Nalbach
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | | | - Mandy Pack
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Eloisa Aparecida Vilas-Boas
- Department of Biophysics, Center for Human and Molecular Biology (ZHMB), Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany; Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Nathan Ribot
- Department of Biophysics, Center for Human and Molecular Biology (ZHMB), Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Reinhard Kappl
- Department of Biophysics, Center for Human and Molecular Biology (ZHMB), Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Michael D Menger
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Matthias W Laschke
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Emmanuel Ampofo
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Leticia Prates Roma
- Department of Biophysics, Center for Human and Molecular Biology (ZHMB), Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany.
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4
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Wrublewsky S, Speer T, Nalbach L, Boewe AS, Pack M, Alansary D, Roma LP, Hoffmann MDA, Schmitt BM, Weinzierl A, Menger MD, Laschke MW, Ampofo E. Targeting Pancreatic Islet NLRP3 Improves Islet Graft Revascularization. Diabetes 2022; 71:1706-1720. [PMID: 35622000 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia-induced islet cell death, caused by an insufficient revascularization of the grafts, is a major obstacle for successful pancreatic islet transplantation. Recently, it has been reported that the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is expressed in pancreatic islets and that its loss protects against hypoxia-induced cell death. Therefore, we hypothesized that the inhibition of NLRP3 in islets improves the survival and endocrine function of the grafts. The transplantation of Nlrp3-/- islets or wild-type (WT) islets exposed to the NLRP3 inhibitor CY-09 into mouse dorsal skinfold chambers resulted in an improved revascularization compared with controls. An increased insulin release after NLRP3 inhibition caused the enhanced angiogenic response. Moreover, the inhibition of NLRP3 in hypoxic β-cells triggered insulin gene expression by inducing the shuttling of MafA and pancreatic and duodenal homeobox-1 into the nucleus. This was mediated by a reduced interaction of NLRP3 with the thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP). Transplantation of Nlrp3-/- islets or WT islets exposed to CY-09 under the kidney capsule of diabetic mice markedly improved the restoration of normoglycemia. These findings indicate that the inhibition of NLRP3 in isolated islets represents a promising therapeutic strategy to improve engraftment and function of the islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selina Wrublewsky
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Thimoteus Speer
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Nephrology and Hypertension) and Translational Cardio-Renal Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Lisa Nalbach
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Anne S Boewe
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Mandy Pack
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Dalia Alansary
- Biophysics Department, Center for Human and Molecular Biology, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Leticia P Roma
- Biophysics Department, Center for Human and Molecular Biology, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Markus D A Hoffmann
- Biophysics Department, Center for Human and Molecular Biology, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Beate M Schmitt
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Andrea Weinzierl
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Michael D Menger
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Matthias W Laschke
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Emmanuel Ampofo
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
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Insulin-mediated immune dysfunction in the development of preeclampsia. J Mol Med (Berl) 2021; 99:889-897. [PMID: 33768298 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-021-02068-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological observations implicate insulin resistance as a predisposing factor in the development of preeclampsia (PE). It is also well established that PE manifests in the context of a dysregulated immune response at the maternal-foetal interface, though all the underlying drivers of such immune dysregulation remains to be accounted for. Although it has long been known that various immune cells express insulin receptors following immune activation, it is only recently that insulin signalling has been shown to play a key role in immune cell differentiation, survival and effector function through its canonical activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Here we argue that hyperinsulinemia, manifesting either from insulin resistance or from intensive insulin therapy, likely plays a direct role in driving immune cell dysfunction which plays a central role in the development of PE. This line of reasoning also explains the superior results of insulin-sparing interventions compared to intensive insulin therapy as monotherapy.
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Nalbach L, Roma LP, Schmitt BM, Becker V, Körbel C, Wrublewsky S, Pack M, Später T, Metzger W, Menger MM, Frueh FS, Götz C, Lin H, EM Fox J, MacDonald PE, Menger MD, Laschke MW, Ampofo E. Improvement of islet transplantation by the fusion of islet cells with functional blood vessels. EMBO Mol Med 2021; 13:e12616. [PMID: 33135383 PMCID: PMC7799357 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202012616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic islet transplantation still represents a promising therapeutic strategy for curative treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus. However, a limited number of organ donors and insufficient vascularization with islet engraftment failure restrict the successful transfer of this approach into clinical practice. To overcome these problems, we herein introduce a novel strategy for the generation of prevascularized islet organoids by the fusion of pancreatic islet cells with functional native microvessels. These insulin-secreting organoids exhibit a significantly higher angiogenic activity compared to freshly isolated islets, cultured islets, and non-prevascularized islet organoids. This is caused by paracrine signaling between the β-cells and the microvessels, mediated by insulin binding to its corresponding receptor on endothelial cells. In vivo, the prevascularized islet organoids are rapidly blood-perfused after transplantation by the interconnection of their autochthonous microvasculature with surrounding blood vessels. As a consequence, a lower number of islet grafts are required to restore normoglycemia in diabetic mice. Thus, prevascularized islet organoids may be used to improve the success rates of clinical islet transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Nalbach
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental SurgerySaarland UniversityHomburg/SaarGermany
| | - Leticia P Roma
- Biophysics DepartmentCenter for Human and Molecular BiologySaarland UniversityHomburg/SaarGermany
| | - Beate M Schmitt
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental SurgerySaarland UniversityHomburg/SaarGermany
| | - Vivien Becker
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental SurgerySaarland UniversityHomburg/SaarGermany
| | - Christina Körbel
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental SurgerySaarland UniversityHomburg/SaarGermany
| | - Selina Wrublewsky
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental SurgerySaarland UniversityHomburg/SaarGermany
| | - Mandy Pack
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental SurgerySaarland UniversityHomburg/SaarGermany
| | - Thomas Später
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental SurgerySaarland UniversityHomburg/SaarGermany
| | - Wolfgang Metzger
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive SurgerySaarland UniversityHomburgGermany
| | - Maximilian M Menger
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental SurgerySaarland UniversityHomburg/SaarGermany
- Departement of Trauma and Reconstructive SurgeryEberhar Karls University TuebingenTuebingenGermany
| | - Florian S Frueh
- Division of Plastic Surgery and Hand SurgeryUniversity Hospital ZurichUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Claudia Götz
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySaarland UniversityHomburgGermany
| | - Haopeng Lin
- Department of PharmacologyAlberta Diabetes InstituteUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada
| | - Joseline EM Fox
- Department of PharmacologyAlberta Diabetes InstituteUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada
| | - Patrick E MacDonald
- Department of PharmacologyAlberta Diabetes InstituteUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada
| | - Michael D Menger
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental SurgerySaarland UniversityHomburg/SaarGermany
| | - Matthias W Laschke
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental SurgerySaarland UniversityHomburg/SaarGermany
| | - Emmanuel Ampofo
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental SurgerySaarland UniversityHomburg/SaarGermany
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7
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Mantecón-Oria M, Diban N, Berciano MT, Rivero MJ, David O, Lafarga M, Tapia O, Urtiaga A. Hollow Fiber Membranes of PCL and PCL/Graphene as Scaffolds with Potential to Develop In Vitro Blood-Brain Barrier Models. MEMBRANES 2020; 10:E161. [PMID: 32708027 PMCID: PMC7464335 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10080161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There is a huge interest in developing novel hollow fiber (HF) membranes able to modulate neural differentiation to produce in vitro blood-brain barrier (BBB) models for biomedical and pharmaceutical research, due to the low cell-inductive properties of the polymer HFs used in current BBB models. In this work, poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and composite PCL/graphene (PCL/G) HF membranes were prepared by phase inversion and were characterized in terms of mechanical, electrical, morphological, chemical, and mass transport properties. The presence of graphene in PCL/G membranes enlarged the pore size and the water flux and presented significantly higher electrical conductivity than PCL HFs. A biocompatibility assay showed that PCL/G HFs significantly increased C6 cells adhesion and differentiation towards astrocytes, which may be attributed to their higher electrical conductivity in comparison to PCL HFs. On the other hand, PCL/G membranes produced a cytotoxic effect on the endothelial cell line HUVEC presumably related with a higher production of intracellular reactive oxygen species induced by the nanomaterial in this particular cell line. These results prove the potential of PCL HF membranes to grow endothelial cells and PCL/G HF membranes to differentiate astrocytes, the two characteristic cell types that could develop in vitro BBB models in future 3D co-culture systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marián Mantecón-Oria
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, ETSIIyT, University of Cantabria, Avda. Los Castros s/n, 39005 Santander, Spain; (M.M.-O.); (M.J.R.); (A.U.)
| | - Nazely Diban
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, ETSIIyT, University of Cantabria, Avda. Los Castros s/n, 39005 Santander, Spain; (M.M.-O.); (M.J.R.); (A.U.)
- Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Cardenal H. Oria s/n, 39011 Santander, Spain; (M.T.B.); (M.L.); (O.T.)
| | - Maria T. Berciano
- Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Cardenal H. Oria s/n, 39011 Santander, Spain; (M.T.B.); (M.L.); (O.T.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 528031 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Cantabria, Cardenal H. Oria s/n, 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Maria J. Rivero
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, ETSIIyT, University of Cantabria, Avda. Los Castros s/n, 39005 Santander, Spain; (M.M.-O.); (M.J.R.); (A.U.)
| | - Oana David
- TECNALIA, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Mikeletegi Pasealekua 2, 20009 San Sebastián, Spain;
| | - Miguel Lafarga
- Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Cardenal H. Oria s/n, 39011 Santander, Spain; (M.T.B.); (M.L.); (O.T.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 528031 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Cantabria, Cardenal H. Oria s/n, 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Olga Tapia
- Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Cardenal H. Oria s/n, 39011 Santander, Spain; (M.T.B.); (M.L.); (O.T.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 528031 Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Cantabria, Isabel Torres 21, 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Ane Urtiaga
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, ETSIIyT, University of Cantabria, Avda. Los Castros s/n, 39005 Santander, Spain; (M.M.-O.); (M.J.R.); (A.U.)
- Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Cardenal H. Oria s/n, 39011 Santander, Spain; (M.T.B.); (M.L.); (O.T.)
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8
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Zhang B, Dong C, Li S, Song X, Wei W, Liu L. Triglyceride to High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio is an Important Determinant of Cardiovascular Risk and Poor Prognosis in Coronavirus Disease-19: A Retrospective Case Series Study. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:3925-3936. [PMID: 33122929 PMCID: PMC7591232 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s268992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute myocardial injury and heart failure characterized by elevated cardiac troponin and decreased heart pump function are significant clinical features and prognostic factors of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). Triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio is an indicator of insulin resistance. This study aimed to explore the association of the TG/HDL-C ratio with cardiovascular risk and prognosis in COVID-19. METHODS Ninety-eight laboratory-confirmed patients with COVID-19 admitted in a tertiary teaching hospital in Wuhan, China, were enrolled in this retrospective study. Regression models were used to investigate the association between TG/HDL-C ratio with myocardial injury, heart failure, severity, and mortality in COVID-19. RESULTS Among the 98 patients, the mean age was 63.9±1.4 years, and male sex (58, 59%) was predominant. Forty-six patients (47%) were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), 32 (33%) and 46 (47%) patients suffered from myocardial injury and heart failure, respectively, and 36 (37%) patients died. The TG/HDL-C ratio was increased in patients with myocardial injury, heart failure, severe illness, and fatal outcome (P<0.05 for each). Baseline TG/HDL-C ratio significantly correlated with log transformed levels of plasma high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (r=0.251, P=0.018), N-terminal brain natriuretic propeptide (r=0.274, P=0.008), glycated hemoglobin (r=0.239, P=0.038), and interleukin-6 (r=0.218, P=0.042). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that an increased TG/HDL-C ratio was independently associated with the risk of myocardial injury [odds ratio (OR)=2.73; P=0.013], heart failure (OR=2.64; P=0.019), disease severity (OR=3.01; P=0.032), and fatal outcome (OR=2.97; P=0.014). CONCLUSION Increased TG/HDL-C ratio was independently associated with myocardial injury, heart failure, disease severity, and mortality in patients with COVID-19, and it may be a useful marker for early identification of patients with high risk and poor outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benping Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei430030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chen Dong
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei430030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shengzhong Li
- Department of Surgery, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei430023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqing Song
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei430030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wang Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei430030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei430030, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Li Liu Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei430030, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86-027-83663470Fax +86-027-83662883 Email
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9
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Shahriyary L, Riazi G, Lornejad MR, Ghezlou M, Bigdeli B, Delavari B, Mamashli F, Abbasi S, Davoodi J, Saboury AA. Effect of glycated insulin on the blood-brain barrier permeability: An in vitro study. Arch Biochem Biophys 2018; 647:54-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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10
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E Silva FB, Carrijo-Carvalho LC, Teixeira A, de Freitas D, Carvalho FRDS. Toxicity of Intracameral Injection of Fourth-Generation Fluoroquinolones on the Corneal Endothelium. Cornea 2017; 35:1631-1637. [PMID: 27490050 DOI: 10.1097/ico.0000000000000967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to compare the cellular susceptibility patterns and morphologic changes in the corneal endothelium associated with the use of fourth-generation fluoroquinolones. METHOD Endothelial susceptibility was assessed through intracameral injection of besifloxacin, gatifloxacin, and moxifloxacin. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were used as the standard cellular lineage to assess the quantitative toxicity of each antibiotic solution. Qualitative changes in the morphologic character of the corneal structure and the endothelial layer were generated using a combination of ex vivo and in vivo assays. Experimental assays were conducted in triplicate, and the results were statistically analyzed. RESULTS At 1 hour of exposure, all HUVECs exposed to antibiotics showed viability above 85%, after 3 hours of exposure to besifloxacin, gatifloxacin, and moxifloxacin, the percentages of viable cells were 68.3 ± 4.0 (P < 0.001), 90.7 ± 4.2 (P < 0.05), and 93.3 ± 1.5 (P > 0.05), respectively. All fluoroquinolones tested showed toxicity to HUVECs, resulting in significant (P < 0.001) loss of cellular viability after 24 hours of drug exposure. Giant endothelial cells were observed in animals treated with the 3 fluoroquinolones in contrast to the absence of these abnormal cells in the untreated group. Early cellular detachment was seen in the endothelial layer after exposure to gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin. CONCLUSIONS We concluded that injection of fourth-generation fluoroquinolones in the aqueous humor did not adversely affect the corneal endothelium. However, these results suggested that prophylactic intracameral injection of besifloxacin, gatifloxacin, or moxifloxacin, if needed, should be administered as a last therapeutic resource in clinical practice, with careful and constant monitoring of corneal endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Bandeira E Silva
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Escudero CA, Herlitz K, Troncoso F, Guevara K, Acurio J, Aguayo C, Godoy AS, González M. Pro-angiogenic Role of Insulin: From Physiology to Pathology. Front Physiol 2017; 8:204. [PMID: 28424632 PMCID: PMC5380736 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The underlying molecular mechanisms involve in the regulation of the angiogenic process by insulin are not well understood. In this review article, we aim to describe the role of insulin and insulin receptor activation on the control of angiogenesis and how these mechanisms can be deregulated in human diseases. Functional expression of insulin receptors and their signaling pathways has been described on endothelial cells and pericytes, both of the main cells involved in vessel formation and maturation. Consequently, insulin has been shown to regulate endothelial cell migration, proliferation, and in vitro tubular structure formation through binding to its receptors and activation of intracellular phosphorylation cascades. Furthermore, insulin-mediated pro-angiogenic state is potentiated by generation of vascular growth factors, such as the vascular endothelial growth factor, produced by endothelial cells. Additionally, diseases such as insulin resistance, obesity, diabetes, and cancer may be associated with the deregulation of insulin-mediated angiogenesis. Despite this knowledge, the underlying molecular mechanisms need to be elucidated in order to provide new insights into the role of insulin on angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Escudero
- Group of Investigation in Tumor Angiogenesis, Vascular Physiology Laboratory, Basic Sciences Department, Universidad del Bío BíoChillán, Chile.,Group of Research and Innovation in Vascular Health, Department of Basic Sciences, Universidad del Bío-BíoChillán, Chile
| | - Kurt Herlitz
- Group of Investigation in Tumor Angiogenesis, Vascular Physiology Laboratory, Basic Sciences Department, Universidad del Bío BíoChillán, Chile
| | - Felipe Troncoso
- Group of Investigation in Tumor Angiogenesis, Vascular Physiology Laboratory, Basic Sciences Department, Universidad del Bío BíoChillán, Chile
| | - Katherine Guevara
- Group of Investigation in Tumor Angiogenesis, Vascular Physiology Laboratory, Basic Sciences Department, Universidad del Bío BíoChillán, Chile
| | - Jesenia Acurio
- Group of Investigation in Tumor Angiogenesis, Vascular Physiology Laboratory, Basic Sciences Department, Universidad del Bío BíoChillán, Chile
| | - Claudio Aguayo
- Group of Research and Innovation in Vascular Health, Department of Basic Sciences, Universidad del Bío-BíoChillán, Chile.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of ConcepciónConcepción, Chile
| | - Alejandro S Godoy
- Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiago, Chile.,Department of Urology, Roswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffalo, NY, USA
| | - Marcelo González
- Group of Research and Innovation in Vascular Health, Department of Basic Sciences, Universidad del Bío-BíoChillán, Chile.,Vascular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad of ConcepciónConcepción, Chile
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Bahramsoltani M, De Spiegelaere W. Quantitation of Tumor Angiogenesis In Vitro: An All-In-One Angiogenesis Assay. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1464:185-191. [PMID: 27858367 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3999-2_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In vitro angiogenesis systems enable the analysis of pro- or anti-angiogenic compounds. Most in vitro models do not reproduce the entire angiogenic cascade, from cell migration and proliferation to tube formation. Here, we describe an all-in-one angiogenesis assay that mimics the entire angiogenic cascade in vitro, rendering this model an ideal tool for the in vitro testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahtab Bahramsoltani
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 43, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Ward De Spiegelaere
- Department of Internal Medicine, HIV Translational Research Unit, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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13
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Sant'ana VP, Carrijo-Carvalho LC, Foronda AS, Chudzinski-Tavassi AM, de Freitas D, de Carvalho FRS. Cytotoxic activity and degradation patterns of structural proteins by corneal isolates of Acanthamoeba spp. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2014; 253:65-75. [PMID: 25161076 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-014-2783-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Revised: 06/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proteolytic enzymes secreted by trophozoites (amoebic secretome) are suggested as the main virulence factor involved in the severity of Acanthamoeba keratitis. The degradation profile of the main glycoprotein components of anterior and posterior portions of the cornea and the cytopathic effect of secretomes on endothelial cells by contact-independent mechanism were evaluated. METHODS Trophozoites were isolated primarily from corneal tissue samples (n = 11) and extracellular proteins were collected from axenic cell culture supernatants. The molecular weights of proteolytic enzymes were estimated by zymography. Enzymatic cleavage of laminin and fibronectin substrates by amoebic secretome was investigated and cluster analysis was applied to the proteolysis profiles. Primary cultures of endothelial cells were used in both qualitative and quantitative assays of cytophatogenicity. RESULTS Differential patterns of proteolysis were observed among the Acanthamoeba secretomes that were analysed. The uniformity of laminin degradation contrasted with the diversity of the proteolysis profiles observed in the fibronectin substrate. Acanthamoeba secretome extracted from four clinical isolates was shown to be toxic when in contact with the endothelial cell monolayer (p < 0.01). Induction of apoptosis and membrane permeability, at different percentual values, were suggested as the main mechanisms that could induce endothelial cell death when in contact with amoebic secretome. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide evidence that virulence factors secreted by Acanthamoeba trophozoites can be related to an increased pathogenicity pattern by an independent contact-trophozoite mechanism, through induction of endothelial cell death by apoptosis at a higher percentage than providing the lack of cell viability by the membrane-associated pore-forming toxin activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane Peracini Sant'ana
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Rose DP, Vona-Davis L. Influence of obesity on breast cancer receptor status and prognosis. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2014; 9:1091-101. [DOI: 10.1586/era.09.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Wilson B, Liotta LA, Petricoiniii E. Dynamic protein pathway activation mapping of adipose-derived stem cell differentiation implicates novel regulators of adipocyte differentiation. Mol Cell Proteomics 2013; 12:2522-35. [PMID: 23750025 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m112.025346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Next to embryonic stem cell research, adult stem cell research is providing a promising alternative for enhanced tissue regeneration and transplantation. The key biochemical networks controlling the differentiation processes regulating stem cell biology remain largely disputed and or undefined, contributing to a lack of knowledge of the principle phosphoregulatory events propagating signal transduction. To effectively monitor these events relative to adipocyte differentiation, this study utilized a high throughput reverse phase protein microarray platform and characterized adult adipose-derived stem cell (ASC) differentiation through the monitoring of ∼100 phosphospecific endpoints with 33 distinct time points examined across 14 days. This kinetic-based analysis showed time ordered signal transduction ultimately implicating pathways correlated with adipogenic differentiation. To further validate the causal significance of these network activations, pharmacological targeting was implemented to include the chemical inhibitors MAPK inhibitor PD169316, rapamycin, and HNMPA-(AM)3 yielding partial or complete disruption of adipocytic differentiation, as noted by a decrease or lack of lipid formation within the mature adipocytes. Based on this analysis, v-crk sarcoma virus CT10 oncogene homolog (CRKII) and c-abl oncogene 1, non-receptor tyrosine kinase (c-ABL) were implicated as novel key regulators of adipocyte differentiation, with v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene (AKT), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and SMAD family member (SMAD) pathways being implicated as secondary regulators. This dynamic molecular profiling provides a novel insight into the signaling architecture of mesenchymal stem cell differentiation and may be useful in the development of therapeutic modulators for clinical applications; in addition to advancing the collective understanding of key cellular processes, ultimately contributing to more confident stem cell manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget Wilson
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA.
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Efrati S, Berman S, Hamad RA, Siman-Tov Y, Chanimov M, Weissgarten J. Hyperglycaemia emerging during general anaesthesia induces rat acute kidney injury via impaired microcirculation, augmented apoptosis and inhibited cell proliferation. Nephrology (Carlton) 2012; 17:111-22. [PMID: 22066573 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1797.2011.01538.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM Major surgery under general anaesthesia frequently triggers acute kidney injury by yet unknown mechanisms. We investigated the role of anaesthesia-triggered systemic hyperglycaemia in impairment of renal functioning, renal tissue injury, intra-renal Angiotensin-II synthesis and endogenous insulin production in anaesthetized rats. METHODS Eighty-eight Sprague-Dawley rats underwent general anaesthesia for 1 h by different anaesthetic compounds. Some of the animals were either injected with high glucose, or received insulin prior to anaesthesia. Blood pressure, renal functioning estimated by cystatin-C and urea, renal perfusion evaluated by laser Doppler technique, blood glucose and insulin were surveyed. Subsequently, rat kidneys were excised, to be used for immunohistochemical examinations or preparation of renal extracts for intra-renal Angiotensin-II measurements. RESULTS Elevated blood sugar was observed 5 min following induction of anaesthesia, concurrently with deterioration of renal functioning, drop of systemic blood pressure and decreased renal blood flow. Blood insulin concentrations positively correlated with glucose levels. Intra-renal Angiotensin-II was significantly augmented. Immunohistochemical examinations demonstrated enhanced staining for pro-apoptotic proteins and negligible cell proliferation in tubular tissues. Renal damage resultant from anaesthesia-induced hyperglycaemia could be attenuated by insulin injections. Rats challenged with glucose prior to anaesthesia demonstrated cumulative hyperglycaemia, further increase in insulin secretion, drop of renal blood flow and increased apoptosis. The effects were specific, since they could not be mimicked by replacing glucose with mannose. CONCLUSION Anaesthesia-induced hyperglycaemia affects intra-renal auto-regulation via decreased renal perfusion, thus triggering renal function deterioration and tubular injury. Increased intra-renal Angiotensin-II aggravates the damage. Tight hypoglycaemic control might prevent or, at least, attenuate anaesthesia-induced renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shai Efrati
- Nephrology Division, Research & Development Unit, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel.
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