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Jacques C, Bacqueville D, Jamin EL, Maitre M, Delsol C, Simcic-Mori A, Bianchi P, Noustens A, Jouanin I, Debrauwer L, Bessou-Touya S, Stockfleth E, Duplan H. Multi-omics approach to understand the impact of sun exposure on an in vitro skin ecosystem and evaluate a new broad-spectrum sunscreen. Photochem Photobiol 2024; 100:477-490. [PMID: 37485720 DOI: 10.1111/php.13841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
A reconstructed human epidermal model (RHE) colonized with human microbiota and sebum was developed to reproduce the complexity of the skin ecosystem in vitro. The RHE model was exposed to simulated solar radiation (SSR) with or without SPF50+ sunscreen (with UVB, UVA, long-UVA, and visible light protection). Structural identification of discriminant metabolites was acquired by nuclear magnetic resonance and metabolomic fingerprints were identified using reverse phase-ultra high-performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry, followed by pathway enrichment analysis. Over 50 metabolites were significantly altered by SSR (p < 0.05, log2 values), showing high skin oxidative stress (glutathione and purine pathways, urea cycle) and altered skin microbiota (branched-chain amino acid cycle and tryptophan pathway). 16S and internal transcribed spacer rRNA sequencing showed the relative abundance of various bacteria and fungi altered by SSR. This study identified highly accurate metabolomic fingerprints and metagenomic modifications of sun-exposed skin to help elucidate the interactions between the skin and its microbiota. Application of SPF50+ sunscreen protected the skin ecosystem model from the deleterious effects of SSR and preserved the physiological interactions within the skin ecosystem. These innovative technologies could thus be used to evaluate the effectiveness of sunscreen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carine Jacques
- Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmetics and Personal Care, Centre R&D Pierre Fabre, Toulouse, France
| | - Daniel Bacqueville
- Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmetics and Personal Care, Centre R&D Pierre Fabre, Toulouse, France
| | - Emilien L Jamin
- MetaboHUB-MetaToul, National Infrastructure of Metabolomics and Fluxomics, Toulouse, France
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Martine Maitre
- Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmetics and Personal Care, Centre R&D Pierre Fabre, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Aimée Simcic-Mori
- Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmetics and Personal Care, Centre R&D Pierre Fabre, Toulouse, France
| | - Pascale Bianchi
- Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmetics and Personal Care, Centre R&D Pierre Fabre, Toulouse, France
| | - Anais Noustens
- Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmetics and Personal Care, Centre R&D Pierre Fabre, Toulouse, France
| | - Isabelle Jouanin
- MetaboHUB-MetaToul, National Infrastructure of Metabolomics and Fluxomics, Toulouse, France
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Laurent Debrauwer
- MetaboHUB-MetaToul, National Infrastructure of Metabolomics and Fluxomics, Toulouse, France
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Sandrine Bessou-Touya
- Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmetics and Personal Care, Centre R&D Pierre Fabre, Toulouse, France
| | - Eggert Stockfleth
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Hélène Duplan
- Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmetics and Personal Care, Centre R&D Pierre Fabre, Toulouse, France
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Poumay Y, Faway E. Human Epidermal Keratinocytes in Culture: A Story of Multiple Recipes for a Single Cell Type. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2023; 36:215-224. [PMID: 37717566 PMCID: PMC10836957 DOI: 10.1159/000534137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For one half-century, cultures of human epidermal keratinocytes have opened new paths of research in skin biology and dermatology. Either performed with serum and feeder layer, in serum-free conditions, or in autocrine conditions, cells cultured as monolayers became research materials for basic science and dermatology, as well as a source for grafting, particularly to treat severely burned patients. More recently, tissue reconstruction at air-liquid interface has opened new perspectives for in vitro toxicology, studies of epidermal barrier, and modeling skin diseases. SUMMARY This review presents a brief retrospective of the emergence of keratinocyte-based culture techniques. It also presents opportunities and eventual problems that researchers might encounter when exploring the skin using such procedures. KEY MESSAGES While methodologies in tissue culture evolve, the multiplicity of procedures concomitantly increases, requiring to make some selective but difficult choice. Keeping tracks of technological evolution in epidermal cell culture should help choosing the adequate methodology for a specific investigation or innovating with new, more dedicated ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Poumay
- Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Emilie Faway
- Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
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Jann J, Gascon S, Drevelle O, Fradette J, Auclair-Gilbert M, Soucy G, Fortier LC, Faucheux N. Assessment of antibacterial properties and skin irritation potential of anodized aluminum impregnated with various quaternary ammonium. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 150:213433. [PMID: 37104962 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
The importance of the inert environment in the transmission of pathogens has been reassessed in recent years. To reduce cross-contamination, new biocidal materials used in high touch surfaces (e.g., stair railings, door handles) have been developed. However, their impact on skin remains poorly described. The present study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial properties and the risk of skin irritation of two materials based on hard-anodized aluminum (AA) impregnated with quaternary ammonium compound solutions (QAC#1 or QAC#2). The QAC#1 or QAC#2 solutions vary in composition, QAC#2 being free of dioctyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (Dio-DAC) and octyl decyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (ODDAC). Unlike AA used as a control, both AA-QAC#1 and AA-QAC#2 had excellent and rapid antibacterial efficacy, killing 99.9 % of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria, in 15 s and 1 min, respectively. The impregnation solutions (QAC#1 and QAC#2) did not show any skin sensitizing effect on transformed human keratinocytes. Nevertheless, these solutions as well as the materials (AA-QAC#1, AA-QAC#2), and the liquid extracts derived from them, induced a very rapid cytotoxicity on L929 murine fibroblasts (>70 % after 1 h of contact) as shown by LDH, MTS and neutral red assays. This cytotoxicity can be explained by the fast QACs release occurring when AA-QAC#1 and AA-QAC#2 were immersed in aqueous medium. To overcome the limitation of assays based on liquid condition, an in vitro skin irritation assay on reconstructed human epidermis (RHE) was developed. The effect of the materials upon their direct contact with the epidermis grown at the liquid-air interface was determined by evaluating tissue viability and quantifying interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1α) which is released in skin during injury or infection. AA-QAC#1 induced a significant decrease in RHE viability, close to OECD and ISO 10993-10 acceptability thresholds and enhanced the pro-inflammatory IL-1α secretion compared with AA-QAC#2. Finally, these results were corroborated by in vivo assays on mice using erythema and edema visual scores, histological observations, and epidermal thickness measurement. AA had no effect on the skin, while a stronger irritation was induced by AA-QAC#1 compared with AA-QAC#2. Hence, these materials were classified as moderate and slight irritants, respectively. In summary, this study revealed that AA-QAC#2 without Dio-DAC and ODDAC could be a great candidate for high touch surface applications, showing an extremely effective and rapid bactericidal activity, without inducing adverse effects for skin tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Jann
- Department of Chemical and Biotechnological Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boul. de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada; Clinical Research Center of Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, 12e avenue N, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Suzanne Gascon
- Department of Chemical and Biotechnological Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boul. de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Olivier Drevelle
- Department of Chemical and Biotechnological Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boul. de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Julie Fradette
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, 1401, 18(e) rue, Québec City, Québec G1J 1Z4, Canada; Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, 1050 avenue de la Médecine, Québec City, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | | | - Gervais Soucy
- Department of Chemical and Biotechnological Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boul. de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Louis-Charles Fortier
- Clinical Research Center of Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, 12e avenue N, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, 3201 rue Jean Mignault, Sherbrooke, Québec J1E 4K8, Canada.
| | - Nathalie Faucheux
- Department of Chemical and Biotechnological Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boul. de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada; Clinical Research Center of Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, 12e avenue N, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada.
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Harding AL, Murdoch C, Danby S, Hasan MZ, Nakanishi H, Furuno T, Hadad S, Turner R, Colley HE. Determination of Chemical Irritation Potential Using a Defined Gene Signature Set on Tissue-Engineered Human Skin Equivalents. JID INNOVATIONS 2021; 1:100011. [PMID: 34909715 PMCID: PMC8659397 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjidi.2021.100011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
There are no physical or visual manifestations that define skin sensitivity or irritation; a subjective diagnosis is made on the basis of the evaluation of clinical presentations, including burning, prickling, erythema, and itching. Adverse skin reaction in response to topically applied products is common and can limit the use of dermatological or cosmetic products. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of human skin equivalents based on immortalized skin keratinocytes and evaluate the potential of a 22-gene panel in combination with multivariate analysis to discriminate between chemicals known to act as irritants and those that do not. Test compounds were applied topically to full-thickness human skin equivalent or human ex vivo skin and gene signatures determined for known irritants and nonirritants. Principle component analysis showed the discriminatory potential of the 22-gene panel. Linear discrimination analysis, performed to further refine the gene set for a more high-throughput analysis, identified a putative seven-gene panel (IL-6, PTGS2, ATF3, TRPV3, MAP3K8, HMGB2, and matrix metalloproteinase gene MMP-3) that could distinguish potential irritants from nonirritants. These data offer promise as an in vitro prediction tool, although analysis of a large chemical test set is required to further evaluate the system.
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Key Words
- CA, cinnamaldehyde
- CAP, capsaicin
- CON, control
- Co-DEA, cocamide diethanolamine
- Co-MEA, cocamide monoethanolamine
- H2O, water
- HDF, human dermal fibroblast
- HSE, human skin equivalent
- KC, keratinocyte
- LA, lactic acid
- LDA, linear discrimination analysis
- LDH, lactate dehydrogenase
- MMP, matrix metalloproteinase
- MP, methylparaben
- N-LA, neutralized lactic acid
- PCA, principal component analysis
- TEER, transepithelial electrical resistance
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L. Harding
- The School of Clinical Dentistry, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Craig Murdoch
- The School of Clinical Dentistry, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Correspondence: Craig Murdoch, The School of Clinical Dentistry, The University of Sheffield, 19 Claremont Crescent, Sheffield, S10 2TA, United Kingdom.
| | - Simon Danby
- Sheffield Dermatology Research, Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, The Medical School, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Md Zobaer Hasan
- Safety Design Centre, Rohto Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Tetsuo Furuno
- Safety Design Centre, Rohto Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sirwan Hadad
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Turner
- Research Software Engineering Sheffield, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Helen E. Colley
- The School of Clinical Dentistry, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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Spagolla Napoleão Tavares R, Stuchi Maria-Engler S, Colepicolo P, Debonsi HM, Schäfer-Korting M, Marx U, Rigo Gaspar L, Zoschke C. Skin Irritation Testing beyond Tissue Viability: Fucoxanthin Effects on Inflammation, Homeostasis, and Metabolism. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12020136. [PMID: 32033492 PMCID: PMC7076544 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12020136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
UV light catalyzes the ozone formation from air pollutants, like nitrogen oxides. Since ozone reacts with cutaneous sebum lipids to peroxides and, thus, promotes inflammation, tumorigenesis, and aging, even broad-spectrum sunscreens cannot properly protect skin. Meanwhile, xanthophylls, like fucoxanthin, proved their antioxidant and cytoprotective functions, but the safety of their topical application in human cell-based models remains unknown. Aiming for a more detailed insight into the cutaneous fucoxanthin toxicity, we assessed the tissue viability according to OECD test guideline no. 439 as well as changes in inflammation (IL-1α, IL-6, IL-8), homeostasis (EGFR, HSPB1) and metabolism (NAT1). First, we proved the suitability of our 24-well-based reconstructed human skin for irritation testing. Next, we dissolved 0.5% fucoxanthin either in alkyl benzoate or in ethanol and applied both solutions onto the tissue surface. None of the solutions decreased RHS viability below 50%. In contrast, fucoxanthin ameliorated the detrimental effects of ethanol and reduced the gene expression of pro-inflammatory interleukins 6 and 8, while increasing NAT1 gene expression. In conclusion, we developed an organ-on-a-chip compatible RHS, being suitable for skin irritation testing beyond tissue viability assessment. Fucoxanthin proved to be non-irritant in RHS and already showed first skin protective effects following topical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Spagolla Napoleão Tavares
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café s/n, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-903, Brazil; (R.S.N.T.); (H.M.D.); (L.R.G.)
| | - Silvya Stuchi Maria-Engler
- Clinical and Toxicological Analyses Department, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil;
| | - Pio Colepicolo
- Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil;
| | - Hosana Maria Debonsi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café s/n, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-903, Brazil; (R.S.N.T.); (H.M.D.); (L.R.G.)
| | - Monika Schäfer-Korting
- Institute of Pharmacy (Pharmacology & Toxicology), Freie Universität Berlin, Königin Luise Str 2+4, 14195 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Uwe Marx
- TissUse GmbH, Oudenarder Str. 16, 13347 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Lorena Rigo Gaspar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café s/n, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-903, Brazil; (R.S.N.T.); (H.M.D.); (L.R.G.)
| | - Christian Zoschke
- Institute of Pharmacy (Pharmacology & Toxicology), Freie Universität Berlin, Königin Luise Str 2+4, 14195 Berlin, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-30-838-56189
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Faway É, Cambier L, Mignon B, Poumay Y, Lambert de Rouvroit C. Modeling dermatophytosis in reconstructed human epidermis: A new tool to study infection mechanisms and to test antifungal agents. Med Mycol 2018; 55:485-494. [PMID: 27760830 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myw111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Dermatophytosis is a superficial fungal infection of keratinized structures that exhibits an increasing prevalence in humans and is thus requesting novel prophylactic strategies and therapies. However, precise mechanisms used by dermatophytes to adhere at the surface of the human epidermis and invade its stratum corneum are still incompletely identified, as well as the responses provided by the underlying living keratinocytes during the infection. We hereby report development of an in vitro model of human dermatophytosis through infection of reconstructed human epidermis (RHE) by arthroconidia of the anthropophilic Trichophyton rubrum species or of the zoophilic Microsporum canis and Arthroderma benhamiae species. By modulating density of arthroconidia in the inoculum and duration of exposure to such pathogens, fungal infection limited to the stratum corneum was obtained, mimicking severe but typical in vivo situation. Fungal elements in infected RHE were monitored over time by histochemical analysis using periodic-acid Schiff-staining or quantified by qPCR-detection of fungal genes inside RHE lysates. This model brings improvements to available ones, dedicated to better understand how dermatophytes and epidermis interact, as well as to evaluate preventive and therapeutic agents. Indeed, miconazole topically added to RHE was demonstrated to inhibit fungal infection in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Émilie Faway
- URPHYM-NARILIS, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Ludivine Cambier
- FARAH, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Bernard Mignon
- FARAH, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Yves Poumay
- URPHYM-NARILIS, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
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7
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Bock S, Said A, Müller G, Schäfer-Korting M, Zoschke C, Weindl G. Characterization of reconstructed human skin containing Langerhans cells to monitor molecular events in skin sensitization. Toxicol In Vitro 2017; 46:77-85. [PMID: 28941582 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Human cell-based approaches to assess defined key events in allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) are well-established, but lack cutaneous penetration and biotransformation as well as cellular cross-talk. Herein, we integrated in vitro-generated immature MUTZ-3-derived Langerhans-like cells (MUTZ-LCs) or monocyte-derived LC-like cells (MoLCs) into reconstructed human skin (RHS), consistent of a stratified epidermis formed by primary keratinocytes on a dermal compartment with collagen-embedded primary fibroblasts. LC-like cells were mainly localized in the epidermal compartment and distributed homogenously in accordance with native human skin. Topical application of the strong contact sensitizer 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) induced IL-6 and IL-8 secretion in RHS with LC-like cells, whereas no change was observed in reference models. Increased gene expression of CD83, PD-L1, and CXCR4 in the dermal compartment indicated LC maturation. Importantly, exposure to DNCB enhanced mobility of the LC-like cells from epidermal to dermal compartments. In response to the moderate sensitizer isoeugenol and irritant sodium dodecyl sulphate, the obtained response was less pronounced. In summary, we integrated immature and functional MUTZ-LCs and MoLCs into RHS and provide a unique comparative experimental setting to monitor early events during skin sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Bock
- Institute of Pharmacy (Pharmacology and Toxicology), Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - André Said
- Institute of Pharmacy (Pharmacology and Toxicology), Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerrit Müller
- Institute of Pharmacy (Pharmacology and Toxicology), Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Monika Schäfer-Korting
- Institute of Pharmacy (Pharmacology and Toxicology), Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Zoschke
- Institute of Pharmacy (Pharmacology and Toxicology), Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Günther Weindl
- Institute of Pharmacy (Pharmacology and Toxicology), Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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8
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A new reconstructed human epidermis for in vitro skin irritation testing. Toxicol In Vitro 2017; 42:31-37. [PMID: 28344105 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Different models of reconstructed human epidermis (RHE) are currently validated to assess skin irritation in vitro and ultimately to the animal replacement of the Draize test. The development of a new RHE model is a challenge for many laboratories, representing a potential gain of autonomy and improvement of technological knowledge. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) encourages the development of new models and, for this purpose, offers a thorough guideline on quality control parameters (OECD TG 439 performance standards). This work aimed to develop an RHE model (i.e. USP-RHE) for in vitro skin irritation assays, following the OECD TG 439. The developed model presents a well-differentiated epidermis similar to the Validated Reference Methods (VRM) and to native human epidermis. Quality parameters, i.e. optical density of negative control, tissue integrity and barrier function, were similar to VRM and in accordance with OECD TG 439. Moreover, the USP-RHE model was shown to have 85,7% of specificity (6/7), 100% of sensitivity (6/6) and 92,3% of accuracy (12/13) when compared to in vivo UN GHS classification. The within-laboratory reproducibility was 92.3% (12/13). Thus, we demonstrated that USP-RHE model attends to all OECD TG 439 performance standards and is ready to be used by private and public laboratories and companies for future validation studies.
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9
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Rachmawati D, von Blomberg BME, Kleverlaan CJ, Scheper RJ, van Hoogstraten IMW. Immunostimulatory capacity of dental casting alloys on endotoxin responsiveness. J Prosthet Dent 2016; 117:677-684. [PMID: 27881328 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2016.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Oral metal exposure has been associated with systemic and local adverse reactions, probably due to elemental release from the alloys. Although supraphysiological concentrations of salts from dentally applied metals can activate innate cells through TLR4 (Ni, Co, Pd) and TLR3 (Au), whether direct exposure to solid alloys can also trigger innate immune reactivity is still unknown. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to determine whether dental cast alloy specimens can activate innate cells and influence their responsiveness to bacterial endotoxin. MATERIAL AND METHODS Human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDC) and THP-1 cells were cultured on top of different alloy specimens (Ni-Cr, Co-Cr, Pd-Cu, Pd-Ag, Ti-6Al-4V, amalgam, gold, and stainless steel) or in alloy-exposed culture medium with or without endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide [LPS]; Escherichia coli 055:B5). Interleukin-8 (IL-8) production was used as the parameter for innate stimulation and evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay after 24 hours of culture. The statistical significance of the effects of various casting alloys on the secretion of IL-8 was analyzed by using the nonparametric Wilcoxon rank sum test (α=.05). RESULTS Dental cast alloys induced IL-8 production in MoDC and THP-1 cells, with Au and Pd-Cu providing the strongest stimulation. The alloy-exposed culture media tested contained sufficient stimulatory metal ions to induce detectable IL-8 production in THP-1 cells, except for the Ni-Cr and stainless steel exposed media. Au and Pd-Cu alloys were also most effective in potentiating LPS responsiveness as measured by IL-8 production. CONCLUSIONS Using an in vitro culture system to expose MoDC and THP-1 cells to different alloy specimens this study showed that contact with the solid alloys, in particular when they contain Pd or Au, can trigger innate immune responses and augment responsiveness to bacterial endotoxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dessy Rachmawati
- Postgraduate student, Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and Lecturer, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Jember, Jember, Indonesia.
| | - B Mary E von Blomberg
- Medical Immunologist, Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis J Kleverlaan
- Professor, Department of Dental Materials Science, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam and University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rik J Scheper
- Professor, Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid M W van Hoogstraten
- Associate Professor, Medical Immunologist, Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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10
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Spriggs S, Sheffield D, Olayanju A, Kitteringham NR, Naisbitt DJ, Aleksic M. Effect of Repeated Daily Dosing with 2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene on Glutathione Biosynthesis and Nrf2 Activation in Reconstructed Human Epidermis. Toxicol Sci 2016; 154:5-15. [PMID: 27492222 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfw140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) plays a major role in skin detoxification processes due to its ability to conjugate electrophilic exogenous compounds with, and sometimes without, catalysis by glutathione-s-transferase (GST). GST activity has been demonstrated both in skin and in most in vitro skin equivalents but so far studies have focussed on chemical clearance (conjugate identification and rate of conjugation) and did not consider the GSH lifecycle (conjugation, recycling, synthesis). We used the model skin sensitizer 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) to investigate the effects of chemical exposure on GSH lifecycle in reconstructed human epidermis (RHE). We demonstrated that the RHE model is suitable to carry out repeated cycles of 2-h exposure to DNCB over a 3-day period. After each exposure to DNCB, the level of GSH is diminished in a dose dependent manner. After a 22-h recovery period, GSH is replenished back to initial levels. Accumulation of the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in the cytosol also occurs within the 2 h of exposure to DNCB but returns to baseline during each recovery period, demonstrating that activation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway offers a rapid response to chemical stress. The amount of dinitrophenyl-glutathione (DNP-SG) formed with DNCB (1) increased between the first and second exposure and (2) reached a plateau between the second and third exposure. Collectively, these data suggest that the metabolic capacity of skin may not be fixed in time but defence mechanisms might be activated in response to exposure to exogenous compounds, resulting in their accelerated clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Spriggs
- *Unilever, Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire MK44 1LQ, UK;
| | - David Sheffield
- *Unilever, Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire MK44 1LQ, UK
| | - Adedamola Olayanju
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, the University of Liverpool, Sherrington Building, Ashton Street, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK
| | - Neil R Kitteringham
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, the University of Liverpool, Sherrington Building, Ashton Street, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK
| | - Dean J Naisbitt
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, the University of Liverpool, Sherrington Building, Ashton Street, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK
| | - Maja Aleksic
- *Unilever, Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire MK44 1LQ, UK
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11
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Dental metal-induced innate reactivity in keratinocytes. Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 30:325-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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12
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van der Veen JW, Paskel RF, Smits NAM, Hodemaekers H, van Loveren H, Ezendam J. The involvement of the Toll-like receptor signaling and Nrf2-Keap1 pathways in thein vitroregulation of IL-8 and HMOX1 for skin sensitization. J Immunotoxicol 2015; 13:1-6. [DOI: 10.3109/1547691x.2014.975897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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13
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De Wever B, Goldberg A, Eskes C, Roggen E, Vanparys P, Schröder K, Le Varlet B, Maibach H, Beken S, De Wilde B, Turchina C, Bogaert G, Bogaert JP. “Open Source”–Based Engineered Human Tissue Models: A New Gold Standard for Nonanimal Testing Through Openness, Transparency, and Collaboration, Promoted by the ALEXANDRA Association. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1089/aivt.2014.0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alan Goldberg
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Erwin Roggen
- 3Rs Management and Consultant Aps, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Howard Maibach
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Sonja Beken
- Federal Agency for Medicines and Health Products, Brussels, Belgium
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14
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White AG, Wolsic CL, Campbell KL, Lavergne SN. Canine progenitor epidermal keratinocytes express various inflammatory markers, including interleukin-8 and CD40, which are affected by certain antibiotics. Vet Dermatol 2014; 25:493-502, e81-2. [DOI: 10.1111/vde.12164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amelia G. White
- Veterinary Clinical Medicine; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Illinois; 1008 W Hazelwood Drive Urbana IL 61802 USA
| | - Cassandra L. Wolsic
- Comparative Biosciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Illinois; 2001 South Lincoln Avenue Urbana IL 61802 USA
| | - Karen L. Campbell
- Veterinary Clinical Medicine; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Illinois; 1008 W Hazelwood Drive Urbana IL 61802 USA
| | - Sidonie N. Lavergne
- Comparative Biosciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Illinois; 2001 South Lincoln Avenue Urbana IL 61802 USA
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15
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De Vuyst E, Charlier C, Giltaire S, De Glas V, de Rouvroit CL, Poumay Y. Reconstruction of normal and pathological human epidermis on polycarbonate filter. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1195:191-201. [PMID: 24155233 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2013_40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This chapter provides methods suitable for the culture of primary human keratinocytes in serum-free culture conditions, starting from very small skin biopsies. It also explains procedures required for reconstruction of a stratified epidermis on polycarbonate filter, starting from keratinocytes cultured in serum-free conditions. Tissues reconstructed according to this method have been proven suitable for characterization of epidermal morphogenesis and for in vitro studies of the epidermal barrier. Utilization of the same method for successful isolation of keratinocytes from a patient suffering from Darier's disease and the reconstruction of a pathological epidermis which displays the same histological features as in vivo are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyne De Vuyst
- Cell and Tissue Laboratory, URPHYM, Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
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16
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Lan CCE, Wu CS, Huang SM, Wu IH, Chen GS. High-glucose environment enhanced oxidative stress and increased interleukin-8 secretion from keratinocytes: new insights into impaired diabetic wound healing. Diabetes 2013; 62:2530-8. [PMID: 23423570 PMCID: PMC3712048 DOI: 10.2337/db12-1714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Impaired wound healing frequently occurs in patients with diabetes. Interleukin (IL)-8 production by keratinocyte is responsible for recruiting neutrophils during healing. Intense inflammation is associated with diabetic wounds, while reduction of neutrophil infiltration is associated with enhanced healing. We hypothesized that increased neutrophil recruitment by keratinocytes may contribute to the delayed healing of diabetic wounds. Using cultured human keratinocytes and a diabetic rat model, the current study shows that a high-glucose environment enhanced IL-8 production via epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway in a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent manner in keratinocytes. In addition, diabetic rat skin showed enhanced EGFR, ERK, and IL-8 expression compared with control rats. The dermal neutrophil infiltration of the wound, as represented by expression of myeloperoxidase level, was also significantly higher in diabetic rats. Treating diabetic rats with dapsone, an agent known to inhibit neutrophil function, was associated with improved healing. In conclusion, IL-8 production and neutrophil infiltration are increased in a high-glucose environment due to elevated ROS level and contributed to impaired wound healing in diabetic skin. Targeting these dysfunctions may present novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Che E. Lan
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Shuang Wu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Mei Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - I-Hui Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Gwo-Shing Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Corresponding author: Gwo-Shing Chen,
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17
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Poumay Y, de Rouvroit CL. HB-EGF, the growth factor that accelerates keratinocyte migration, but slows proliferation. J Invest Dermatol 2012; 132:2129-30. [PMID: 22895444 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2012.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Among epidermal growth factors, heparin-binding epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like growth factor (HB-EGF) is expressed unlike others, and produces unusual effects on keratinocytes. A new report illustrates the development of a motile phenotype characterized by signs of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, reduced proliferation, and altered expression of epidermal markers. We comment on differences between endogenous HB-EGF and recombinant factor, about opportune and inopportune situations of HB-EGF overexpression by epidermal keratinocytes, as well as about the consequences on epidermal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Poumay
- Cell and Tissue Laboratory, URPHYM-NARILIS, University of Namur (FUNDP), Namur, Belgium.
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