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Allegra S, Chiara F, Abbadessa G, Di Pietro A, Caudana M, De Francia S. Interactions between phytotherapeutics and chemotherapeutics: the current evidence. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2025:1-15. [PMID: 40491352 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2025.2517733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2025] [Accepted: 06/03/2025] [Indexed: 06/11/2025]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The historical context of phytotherapy affects its potential as therapeutic products, and bioactive metabolites are crucial to the pharmacological effects, safety and effectiveness of alternative medicines. AREAS COVERED Phytotherapy is of great interest to cancer patients. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to gather publications about the interactions between chemotherapy and phytotherapeutics, medicinal plants, and similar formulations. To find publications published between January 2015 and January 2025, a MEDLINE PubMed search was conducted. EXPERT OPINION Several scientists and medical specialists have been looking into the potential of natural items to heal microbial cancer and chemotherapy-related adverse effects. The main factor influencing phytochemicals anticancer effectiveness is their ability to target a variety of pathways, including antimutagenic, antioxidant, and antiproliferative qualities. They can also regulate the host immune response to cancer by improving the surveillance of lymphocytes in cancer cells and lowering the inflammatory milieu. Because carcinogenesis is complex and involves a wide range of factors and signaling cascades, phytochemicals that target several targets may be useful anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Allegra
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Chiara
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, Turin, Italy
- Department of Physics, University of Trento, Povo, Italy
| | - Giuliana Abbadessa
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Asia Di Pietro
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Maura Caudana
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia De Francia
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, Turin, Italy
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2
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Shamim M, Ali MS, Hossain MA, Hossain MA, Kavey MRH, Hoque MM, Rahman MA, Harrath AH, Rahman MH. Discovery of novel PARP1 inhibitors through computational drug design approaches. Comput Biol Chem 2025; 116:108366. [PMID: 39987745 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2025.108366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2024] [Revised: 01/23/2025] [Accepted: 01/24/2025] [Indexed: 02/25/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most frequent malignancy in women. It is a prevalent condition, representing 15-20 % of all breast cancer cases, characterized by its aggressive subtype and unfavorable prognosis. OBJECTIVES The main aim of this study is to find and develop a potential novel therapeutic candidate for TNBC treatment utilizing luteolin derivatives compounds. METHODS In this study, we used the stable TNBC protein structure from the Protein Data Bank (PDB) and selected luteolin, a bioactive compound known for its anti-cancer properties, to design potential anti-cancer drugs using computational methods. Structural activity relationship methodologies were used to evaluate active and inactive outcomes using pass prediction scores. Furthermore, we employed in-silico methods such as ADMET, drug-likeness evaluation, DFT quantum calculations, and Frontier Molecular Orbitals (HOMO and LUMO). Afterwards, we performed molecular docking for binding affinity and molecular dynamics simulations over 200 ns to validate interactions with TNBC protein RESULTS: Our results demonstrated that the ligands DM02, DM06, DM07, and DM09 did not violate Lipinski rules, and their reduced HOMO-LUMO energy gap indicates enhanced chemical reactivity and interaction with biological targets. The drug's maximum softness and minimum hardness values showed rapid metabolism and no hepatotoxicity, carcinogenicity, skin sensitization, or aquatic toxicity. Molecular docking studies revealed that DM02 and DM09, luteolin derivatives, have the highest binding affinity with the TNBC protein (PDB ID 5HA9) and our study confirms their stable interactions with the protein, suggesting potential therapeutic agents for TNBC. CONCLUSIONS Our computational data suggest that Luteolin derivatives have the potential to be utilized as therapeutic agents for TNBC. However, further experimental validation is needed to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Shamim
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of biological science, Islamic University, Kushtia 7003, Bangladesh
| | - Md Sumon Ali
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of biological science, Islamic University, Kushtia 7003, Bangladesh
| | - Md Arju Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Khwaja Yunus Ali University, Sirajganj 6751, Bangladesh
| | - Md Alfaz Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of biological science, Islamic University, Kushtia 7003, Bangladesh
| | - Md Reduanul Haque Kavey
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of biological science, Islamic University, Kushtia 7003, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mobinul Hoque
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Islamic University, Kushtia 7003, Bangladesh
| | - Md Ataur Rahman
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
| | - Abdel Halim Harrath
- King Saud University, Department of Zoology, College of Science, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Habibur Rahman
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Islamic University, Kushtia 7003, Bangladesh; Center for Advanced Bioinformatics and Artificial Intelligence Research, Islamic University, Kushtia 7003, Bangladesh.
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Zhang G, Wang X, Cheng C, Wang S, Guo Y. A nomogram for predicting overall survival in young triple-negative breast cancer patients: a population-based study. Discov Oncol 2025; 16:876. [PMID: 40407955 PMCID: PMC12102025 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-025-02732-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2025] [Indexed: 05/26/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Young triple negative breast cancer (YTNBC) patients often face poor survival outcomes. Given the high-risk nature of YTNBC, there is an urgent need for tools that can accurately predict patient outcomes and guide personalized treatment strategies. Prognostic models, particularly those in the form of nomograms, have gained popularity in oncology for their ability to integrate multiple clinical variables to estimate individual patient survival. Our study aimed to investigate independent prognostic factors in YTNBC patients and develop a nomogram to predict OS, thereby helping patients choose a better therapeutic approach. METHODS Patients diagnosed with YTNBC between January 2010 and December 2015 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database were enrolled and randomly divided into training and validation cohorts at a ratio of 7:3. Univariate and multivariate Cox analyses were conducted to identify significant factors associated with prognosis, which were then used to construct a nomogram for predicting 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS. RESULTS Nine survival predictors (marital status, tumor grade, AJCC stage, T stage, N stage, M stage, surgery, bone metastases, brain metastases) were selected for nomogram construction. The concordance indexes (C-index), in the training and validation cohorts were 0.749 and 0.745, respectively. The nomogram model demonstrated good calibration, and time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves confirmed its superiority for clinical utility. Additionally, Kaplan-Meier survival curves of various independent prognostic factors validated the model. CONCLUSIONS The novel nomogram serves as a reliable tool for predicting survival, aiding clinicians in identifying high-risk patients and devising individualized treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangwen Zhang
- First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Xinle Wang
- First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Chen Cheng
- First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Shiming Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.
| | - Yujun Guo
- Department of Breast Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.
- The Paper's Lead Contact, Taiyuan, China.
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4
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Ramakrishna G, Lakshmi Prasanthi N, Pindiprolu SKSS. Phenyl boronic acid conjugated lipid nanoparticles for targeted delivery of gamma-secretase inhibitor to breast cancer cells. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2025:1-19. [PMID: 40410934 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2025.2511291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2025] [Revised: 05/07/2025] [Accepted: 05/19/2025] [Indexed: 05/26/2025]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The major objective of the present study is to develop and evaluate phenyl boronic acid (PBA) conjugated solid lipid nanoparticles (PBA-SUL@SLN) for the targeted delivery of sulindac (SUL) to breast cancer (BC) cells.Significance: Utilizing a dual approach that combines PBA-mediated targeting with Notch-1 pathway inhibition by SUL, the study aims to enhance therapeutic selectivity and efficacy against an aggressive BC subtype, triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), which lacks well defined molecular targets. METHODS The PBA-SUL@SLN formulation was prepared using emulsification-solvent evaporation method and analysed for the particle size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, and pH sensitive drug release. Cellular uptake studies were conducted to examine selective internalization in TNBC cells. The therapeutic efficacy was assessed by evaluating Notch-1expression modulation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), cancer stem cell (CSC) activity, and cytotoxic effects in TNBC cell compared to normal cells. RESULTS The PBA-SUL@SLN formulation exhibited an optimal particle size of (153.35 nm), a zeta potential of (22.87 mV), and an entrapment efficiency of 83.06%, with preferential drug release observed in the acidic tumor microenvironment. Increased cellular uptake in MDA-MB-231 cells led to notable downregulation of Notch-1, inhibition of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and potential reduction in CSC activity. Cytotoxicity assays revealed strong and selective efficacy against TNBC cells while causing minimal effects on normal cells. CONCLUSIONS The PBA-SUL@SLN formulation presents a promising targeted therapeutic strategy for TNBC, addressing key limitations of existing treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gummadi Ramakrishna
- Aditya Pharmacy College, Surampalem, Andhra Pradesh, India
- Andhra University, Visakhapatnam
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5
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Lago S, Poli V, Fol L, Botteon M, Busi F, Turdo A, Gaggianesi M, Ciani Y, D'Amato G, Fagnocchi L, Fasciani A, Demichelis F, Todaro M, Zippo A. ANP32E drives vulnerability to ATR inhibitors by inducing R-loops-dependent transcription replication conflicts in triple negative breast cancer. Nat Commun 2025; 16:4602. [PMID: 40382323 PMCID: PMC12085574 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-59804-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2025] [Indexed: 05/20/2025] Open
Abstract
Oncogene-induced replicative stress (RS) drives tumor progression by disrupting genome stability, primarily through transcription-replication conflicts (TRCs), which promote R-loop accumulation and trigger the DNA damage response (DDR). In this study, we investigate the role of chromatin regulators in exacerbating TRCs and R-loop accumulation in cancer. We find that in breast cancer patients, the simultaneous upregulation of MYC and the H2A.Z-specific chaperone ANP32E correlates with increased genomic instability. Genome-wide analyses reveal that ANP32E-driven H2A.Z turnover alters RNA polymerase II processivity, leading to the accumulation of long R-loops at TRC sites. Furthermore, we show that ANP32E overexpression enhances TRC formation and activates an ATR-dependent DDR, predisposing cancer cells to R-loop-mediated genomic fragility. By exploiting the vulnerability of ANP32E-expressing cancer cells to ATR inhibitors, we find that tumors relied on this DDR pathway, whose inhibition halts their pro-metastatic capacity. These findings identify ANP32E as a key driver of TRC-induced genomic instability, indicating ATR inhibition as a potential therapeutic strategy for ANP32E-overexpressing tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Lago
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, 38123, Trento, Italy
| | - Vittoria Poli
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, 38123, Trento, Italy
| | - Lisa Fol
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, 38123, Trento, Italy
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Mainz, Germany
| | - Mattia Botteon
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, 38123, Trento, Italy
| | - Federica Busi
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, 38123, Trento, Italy
| | - Alice Turdo
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Miriam Gaggianesi
- Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care, University of Palermo, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Yari Ciani
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, 38123, Trento, Italy
| | - Giacomo D'Amato
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, 38123, Trento, Italy
| | - Luca Fagnocchi
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, 38123, Trento, Italy
| | - Alessandra Fasciani
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, 38123, Trento, Italy
| | - Francesca Demichelis
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, 38123, Trento, Italy
| | - Matilde Todaro
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessio Zippo
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, 38123, Trento, Italy.
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Li C, Zhang J, Yao X, Huang Y, Zhang Y, Yang W. Red blood cell membrane-camouflaged nanocarriers for the delivery of piperlongumine to treat triple-negative breast cancer. Biomed Mater 2025; 20:035034. [PMID: 40328285 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/add4da] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2025] [Indexed: 05/08/2025]
Abstract
The application of the conventional drugs for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) treatment in chemotherapy is limited due to their intrinsic drawbacks such as short drug half-life, lack of tumor selectivity and systemic toxicity. Herein, an effective nanoparticle drug delivery system (NDDS) of red blood cell (RBC) membrane-camouflaged piperlongumine (PL)-loaded iron oxide (Fe3O4) magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4-PL@RBC) was rationally designed as an effective drug delivery platform forin vivoTNBC treatment. The Fe3O4-PL@RBC showed considerable cytotoxicity against MDA-MB-231 cells, inducing intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis. Furthermore, transcriptomic analyses and western blotting analysis demonstrated that the Fe3O4-PL@RBC induced apoptosis through the inhibition of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and downregulation of Bcl-2 protein. In MDA-MB-231 tumor models, the RBC membrane coating in Fe3O4-PL@RBC effectively prolonged the circulation time and sufficient enrichment at the tumor sites. And the Fe3O4-PL@RBC significantly inhibited tumor growth with good biosafety. This study provides guidance for the rational design of effective Fe3O4-based NDDS for TNBC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianxian Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Yichen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Wuli Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
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Maqsood R, Ullah S, Khan F, Waqas M, Halim SA, Khan A, Hussain J, Qayum U, Gibbons S, Rehman NU, Hussain A, Al-Harrasi A. Bioassay-guided isolation of a new cytotoxic compound targeting carbonic anhydrase-II: in-vitro structure-activity relationships and dynamics studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2025:1-17. [PMID: 40351225 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2025.2500680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2025]
Abstract
Bioassay-guided isolation of Anogeissus dhofarica A.J. Scott afforded one new natural product (lupeol butyl ether, 1), along with sixteen known metabolites (2-17) reported from this source for the first time. Structural elucidation of the isolates was performed by NMR and mass spectrometry. An in vitro carbonic anhydrase-II (CA-II) inhibition assay was performed on the crude extract, the fractions, and the resulting pure constituents. The activity against CA-II of the crude extract and fractions was in the range of IC50 45.10-102.56 µg/mL. Among the isolates, 14 was the most active with an IC50 of 7.19 ± 0.20 µM followed by 10 (IC50 = 13.61 ± 0.30 µM), 12 (IC50 = 17.30 ± 0.58 µM) and 1 (21.63 ± 0.48 µM), with the remaining compounds having moderate to low inhibition. Fourteen compounds were evaluated against breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) and normal cell (3T3-L1) lines in an MTT assay, with most natural products exhibiting moderate activity against MDA-MB-231 cells (1, IC50 = 34.5 ± 0.8 μM/mL), and less active to the normal cell line. Additionally, the molecular binding of the active hits was predicted through an in-silico approach, specifically docking molecular dynamic (MD) simulations, which revealed that acetate and carboxyl moieties play an important role in ligand binding with the Zn2+ ion of the CA-II active site. The MD simulation of the structure dynamics revealed that the most active inhibitors (10 and 14) had strong affinity with the CA-II active site and brought structural conformational changes to the protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Maqsood
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Okara, Okara, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Saeed Ullah
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Faizullah Khan
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Sobia Ahsan Halim
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Ajmal Khan
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Javid Hussain
- Department of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Usama Qayum
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Simon Gibbons
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Najeeb Ur Rehman
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Amjad Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Okara, Okara, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
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Gomes GMDA, Xu M, Syeda AKR, Raudonis R, Almasi S, Vijayan VV, Gujar S, Dong X, Cheng Z, Pulinilkunnil T, El Hiani Y. Targeting TRPML3 inhibits proliferation and invasion, and enhances doxorubicin sensitivity by disrupting lysosomal acidification and mitochondrial function in triple-negative breast cancer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2025; 1872:119979. [PMID: 40348344 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2025.119979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2025] [Accepted: 04/27/2025] [Indexed: 05/14/2025]
Abstract
TNBC remains the most aggressive and therapy-resistant type of breast cancer, for which efficient targeted therapies have not been developed yet. Here, we identified TRPML3 (ML3) as a potential therapeutic target in TNBC. Our data showed that ML3 is significantly upregulated in TNBC cells compared with nontumorigenic control cells. ML3 knockdown (KD) impairs TNBC cell proliferation by inducing cell cycle arrest and caspase-dependent apoptosis. ML3 KD also inhibits TNBC cell migration and invasion. Mechanistically, ML3 KD reduces lysosomal number and enhances lysosomal acidification, which in turn activates mTORC1, thereby inhibiting autophagy initiation and flux. This disruption negatively impacts mitochondrial function, as evidenced by reduced ATP production, increased ROS and NO production, and mitochondrial fragmentation. Importantly, ML3 KD enhances TNBC cell sensitivity to doxorubicin and paclitaxel. The finding suggests that targeting ML3 disrupts lysosomal and mitochondrial homeostasis and enhance chemosensitivity, presenting ML3 as a potential therapeutic vulnerability in TNBC enhancing chemosensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mengnan Xu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
| | | | - Renee Raudonis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | | | - Vishnu Vijay Vijayan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Shashi Gujar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Xianping Dong
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Zhenyu Cheng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | | | - Yassine El Hiani
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
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McKeown BT, Groves B, Jakeman DL, Goralski KB. Acquired resistance to jadomycin B in human triple-negative breast cancer cells is associated with increased cyclooxygenase-2 expression. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2025; 392:103565. [PMID: 40253988 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpet.2025.103565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2025] [Accepted: 03/19/2025] [Indexed: 04/22/2025] Open
Abstract
Jadomycin B, produced by the soil bacterium Streptomyces venezuelae ISP5230, induces cytotoxicity in human breast cancer cells in vitro and has antitumoral effects in animal models. In models of multidrug-resistant, triple-negative breast cancer, jadomycin B has shown promise as it is not a substrate of ABCB1 and ABCG2 drug efflux transporters. The generation of reactive oxygen species and inhibition of topoisomerases are potential mechanisms of jadomycin B-mediated DNA damage and apoptosis. However, the mechanisms of jadomycin B's anticancer activity have not been fully elucidated. By gradually exposing MDA-MB-231 triple-negative human breast cancer cells to jadomycin B, we hypothesized that resistance could be selected to further understand jadomycin B's pharmacological mechanisms. A 3-fold increase in the jadomycin B IC50 was observed in MDA-MB-231 cells exposed to increasing jadomycin B concentrations (0-3 μM) over 7 months, herein 231-JB cells. The 231-JB cells were cross-resistant to jadomycin F and S but not to the comparator drugs mitoxantrone, doxorubicin, and SN-38. The 231-JB cells did not have increased mRNA expression of topoisomerase-2 nor ABCB1 and ABCG2. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) increased by 25-fold, but expression of prostaglandin E2 receptor 4 did not significantly change. Cotreatment with celecoxib (15-45 μM), a COX-2 inhibitor, resensitized the 231-JB cells to jadomycin B (IC50 = 1.41 ± 0.24 to 0.75 ± 0.31 μM vs 2.28 ± 0.54 with 0 μM celecoxib). To our knowledge, this work represents the first report of the involvement of COX-2 in jadomycin B activity in vitro, proving to be an exciting new target for the exploration of jadomycin B anticancer activity. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), the rate-limiting enzyme in prostaglandin production, is associated with procancer signaling. COX-2, ABCB1, and ABCG2 overexpression are typically correlated in cancer, contributing to chemotherapy resistance. We observed increased COX-2, but not ABCG2 or ABCB1, expression in 231-JB cells. This indicates that jadomycin B triggers a distinct resistance mechanism. The COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib reversed jadomycin B resistance in 231-JB cells. As such, 231-JB cells represent an important model for COX-2 signaling in breast cancer and jadomycin B mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan T McKeown
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Brandon Groves
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - David L Jakeman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; College of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Kerry B Goralski
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; College of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
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10
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Silva J, Sousa G, Costa L, Brito M, Oliveira S, Rodrigues B, Ferreira J, Borges M, Miguel L. Burden of Disease and Cost of Illness of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer in Portugal. PHARMACOECONOMICS - OPEN 2025; 9:423-431. [PMID: 39932637 PMCID: PMC12037440 DOI: 10.1007/s41669-024-00552-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/30/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triple-negative breast cancer accounts for 15% of all breast cancer cases, and it has a lower survival rate and higher incidence of early recurrence, particularly during the first 10 years after diagnosis. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to estimate the cost and burden of triple-negative breast cancer among the female population in 2019 in Portugal from a societal perspective. METHODS The prevalence of triple-negative breast cancer was calculated using a cumulative incidence model on the basis of national epidemiological data. The burden of disease was expressed as disability-adjusted life years, including the years lost due to disability and years of life lost. Healthcare resource utilization was quantified with input from an expert panel, and costs were estimated on the basis of diagnosis-related groups. Indirect costs were established following the human capital approach and supported by inputs from an expert panel. RESULTS Considering a prevalence of 7052 cases of triple-negative breast cancer in 2019, the expert panel confirmed that approximately 24%, 29%, 28% and 19% of the patients were in stages I, II, III and IV, respectively. The burden of this disease in Portugal was estimated at 22,566 disability-adjusted life years per year, 94% of which resulted from premature deaths. The total annual cost was equal to €50,351,934, with direct and indirect costs representing 56% and 44%, respectively. The average cost per patient with triple-negative breast cancer was €7140. Direct costs accounted for €28 million and were associated mainly with triple-negative breast cancer locoregional stage treatment and follow-up (65%). Indirect costs represented €22 million and were largely linked to withdrawal from the job market (94%). CONCLUSION Triple-negative breast cancer is an impactful disease with high humanistic and economic costs at the national level. The high mortality and low survival rates of this subtype mean that most disability-adjusted life years are due to years of life lost rather than years lost due to disability. Its prevalence is greater among women aged 45-49 years, suggesting a considerable burden regarding labour absenteeism and withdrawal from the job market.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriela Sousa
- Oncology Division at Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra-CHUC, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luís Costa
- Oncology Division at Hospital de Santa Maria-CHULN, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Margarida Brito
- Oncology Division at Instituto Português de Oncologia-IPO, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sónia Oliveira
- Oncology Division at Hospital Santo António Capuchos-CHULC, Lisbon, Portugal
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11
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Coleman C, Selvakumar T, Thurlapati A, Graf K, Pavuluri S, Mehrotra S, Sahin O, Sivapiragasam A. Harnessing Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Opportunities and Barriers to Clinical Integration. Int J Mol Sci 2025; 26:4292. [PMID: 40362529 PMCID: PMC12072607 DOI: 10.3390/ijms26094292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2025] [Revised: 04/23/2025] [Accepted: 04/29/2025] [Indexed: 05/15/2025] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) continues to present a therapeutic challenge due to the fact that by definition, these cancer cells lack the expression of targetable receptors. Current treatment options include cytotoxic chemotherapy, antibody-drug conjugates (ADC), and the PD-1 checkpoint inhibitor, pembrolizumab. Due to high rates of recurrence, current guidelines for early-stage TNBC recommend either multi-agent chemotherapy or chemo-immunotherapy in all patients other than those with node-negative tumors < 0.5 cm. This approach can lead to significant long-term effects for TNBC survivors, driving a growing interest in de-escalating therapy where appropriate. Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) represent a promising prognostic and predictive biomarker for TNBC. These diverse immune cells are present in the tumor microenvironment and within the tumor itself, and multiple retrospective studies have demonstrated that a higher number of TILs in early-stage TNBC portends a favorable prognosis. Research has also explored the potential of TIL scores to predict the response to immunotherapy. However, several barriers to the widespread use of TILs in clinical practice remain, including logistical and technical challenges with the scoring of TILs and lack of prospective trials to validate the trends seen in retrospective studies. This review will present the current understanding of the role of TILs in TNBC and discuss the future directions of TIL research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara Coleman
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA (T.S.); (S.P.)
| | - Tharakeswari Selvakumar
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA (T.S.); (S.P.)
| | - Aswani Thurlapati
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA (T.S.); (S.P.)
| | - Kevin Graf
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA (T.S.); (S.P.)
| | - Sushma Pavuluri
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA (T.S.); (S.P.)
| | - Shikhar Mehrotra
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Ozgur Sahin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA;
| | - Abirami Sivapiragasam
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA (T.S.); (S.P.)
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12
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Zhang Y, Yang H, Jiang Y, Jiang Y, Mao R. Angiogenesis and immune microenvironment in triple-negative breast cancer: Targeted therapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2025; 1871:167880. [PMID: 40316057 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2025.167880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2025] [Revised: 04/27/2025] [Accepted: 04/28/2025] [Indexed: 05/04/2025]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive breast cancer subtype that typically lacks effective targeted therapies, leading to limited treatment options. Chemotherapy remains the primary treatment modality; however, in recent years, new immunotherapy approaches, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors, have shown positive results in some patients. Although the development of TNBC is closely associated with BRCA gene mutations, the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) plays a crucial role in tumor progression and immune escape. Tumor angiogenesis, the accumulation of immunosuppressive cells, and alterations in immune molecules collectively shape an environment unfavorable for anti-tumor immune responses. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) promote immune escape by secreting immunosuppressive factors. Therefore, combination strategies of anti-angiogenic and immune checkpoint inhibitory therapies have shown synergistic effects in clinical trials, while new targeted therapies such as TGF-β inhibitors and IL-1β inhibitors offer new options for TNBC treatment. With the development of personalized medicine, combining immunotherapy and targeted therapies brings new hope for TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Yanhong Jiang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Yijing Jiang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Renfang Mao
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Jiangsu 226001, China..
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13
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Zhang X, Sathiyaseelan A, Jin T, Wang MH. Synthesis of folic acid-tailored chitosan-coated exosomes for targeted delivery of 5-fluorouracil to triple-negative breast cancer cells. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2025; 253:114737. [PMID: 40328147 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2025.114737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2025] [Accepted: 04/23/2025] [Indexed: 05/08/2025]
Abstract
The use of anticancer drugs is integral to cancer treatment programs. However, the drawbacks of these chemotherapeutic agents, coupled with the problem of drug resistance, remain significant challenges. To address this, we developed a drug delivery platform based on exosomes derived from HEK293 cells, combined with folic acid-conjugated chitosan (FA-CS). The formulation, FA-CS-PEG-5FU@HEK-EXs, exhibited a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.140, a zeta size of 188.30 nm, and a zeta potential of 3.60 mV. Its cytotoxicity to healthy tissue was negligible; however, at a dose of 500 μg/mL, the survival rate of breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells decreased to approximately 50 %. Fluorescence staining indicated that FA-CS-PEG-5FU@HEK-EXs induced cell death in cancer cells by increasing reactive oxygen species levels, compromising the mitochondrial membrane potential, and nucleus. Furthermore, FA-CS demonstrated synergistic effects with 5FU, inducing the necrotic cell death (44.6 %). In conclusion, this study demonstrates that using exosomes to deliver the anticancer drug 5FU enhances the drug's therapeutic efficacy. Moreover, compared to conventional cancer therapies, FA-CS-PEG-5FU@HEK-EXs can minimize systemic side effects in clinical applications while enhancing drug utilization, stability, and cellular uptake, leading to highly effective treatment outcomes. The safe and efficient exosome-based platform with significant potential to inhibit tumor proliferation, offering promising insights for future clinical cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Anbazhagan Sathiyaseelan
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tieyan Jin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin 133002, China.
| | - Myeong-Hyeon Wang
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Sirhan Z, Abu Nada A, Anabtawi N, Thyagarajan A, Sahu RP. Metformin-Based Combination Approaches for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2025; 17:558. [PMID: 40430851 PMCID: PMC12115292 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics17050558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2025] [Revised: 04/18/2025] [Accepted: 04/23/2025] [Indexed: 05/29/2025] Open
Abstract
Numerous anti-diabetic medications, including metformin, have been explored for their anticancer effects because of the substantial correlation between diabetes and cancer incidence. Metformin has recently gained interest for its anticancer effects against malignancies such as breast cancer, one of the leading causes of death among women worldwide. The cancer-related characteristics of cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and apoptosis are all targeted by metformin. Among breast cancer patients, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is linked to an increased risk of early recurrence and metastases and has poor prognosis. In addition, TNBC has fewer treatment options compared to other breast cancer subtypes because it lacks hormone receptors and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and it often develops resistance to available treatment options. The current review highlights the recent updates on the mechanistic insights and the efficacy of metformin and metformin-based approaches for the treatment of TNBC. We logically discuss the experimental evidence from the in vitro and in vivo studies exploring metformin's effects on metabolic pathways, and then its combination with other therapeutic agents, targeting cell signaling pathways, and approaches to enhance metformin's effects. We also present clinical studies that underscore the beneficial outcomes of metformin or its combination with other agents in TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaid Sirhan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Aya Abu Nada
- Department of Pharmacy, Sidra Medicine, Doha P.O. Box 26999, Qatar;
| | - Nadeen Anabtawi
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Anita Thyagarajan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA;
| | - Ravi P. Sahu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA;
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15
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Somes LK, Lei JT, Yi X, Chamorro DF, Shafer P, Gad AZ, Dobrolecki LE, Madaras E, Ahmed N, Lewis MT, Zhang B, Hoyos V. ZP4: A novel target for CAR-T cell therapy in triple negative breast cancer. Mol Ther 2025; 33:1621-1641. [PMID: 39980195 PMCID: PMC11997509 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2025.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2024] [Revised: 01/24/2025] [Accepted: 02/17/2025] [Indexed: 02/22/2025] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains one of the most challenging subtypes of breast cancer to treat due to a lack of effective targeted therapies. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells hold promise, but their efficacy in solid tumors is often limited by on-target/off-tumor toxicities. Through comprehensive bioinformatic analysis of public RNA and proteomic data, we identified zona pellucida glycoprotein 4 (ZP4) as a novel target for TNBC. ZP4 RNA and protein were detected in a subset of TNBC patient samples and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models, with expression otherwise restricted to oocytes. We generated 89 ZP4-specific novel monoclonal antibodies and used the single-chain variable fragment (scFv) antigen binding domains from the top three candidates to engineer CAR constructs. ZP4 CAR-T cells demonstrated efficacy against ZP4-expressing TNBC cells and PDX models. Additionally, we found that variations in the scFv antigen binding domain significantly influence CAR-T cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren K Somes
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Jonathan T Lei
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xinpei Yi
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Diego F Chamorro
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Paul Shafer
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ahmed Z Gad
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lacey E Dobrolecki
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Emily Madaras
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Nabil Ahmed
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michael T Lewis
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Bing Zhang
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Valentina Hoyos
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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16
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Huang X, Ali A, Yachioui DEI, Le Dévédec SE, Hankemeier T. Lipid dysregulation in triple negative breast cancer: Insights from mass spectrometry-based approaches. Prog Lipid Res 2025; 98:101330. [PMID: 39914749 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2025.101330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2025] [Accepted: 02/03/2025] [Indexed: 02/10/2025]
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) has the worst prognosis among breast cancers due to its aggressive nature and the absence of targeted treatments. Development of novel anti-cancer drugs for TNBC faces challenges stemming from its heterogeneity and high potential for metastasis. Metabolomics can be a useful technology in finding novel therapeutic targets and probing the heterogeneity of TNBC. Metabolomics has been enabled by advancements in mass spectrometry (MS)-based platforms that facilitated comprehensive profiling of TNBC metabolism. This review provides an overview of metabolomic changes in TNBC with emphasis on lipid alterations, and describes the key MS analytical techniques, providing the necessary background for examining the role of lipids in TNBC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Huang
- Metabolomics and Analytics Center, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ahmed Ali
- Metabolomics and Analytics Center, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Dounia E I Yachioui
- Metabolomics and Analytics Center, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sylvia E Le Dévédec
- Division of Cell Systems and Drug Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Thomas Hankemeier
- Metabolomics and Analytics Center, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
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17
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Bakar-Ates F, Ozkan E. Synergistic ferroptosis in triple-negative breast cancer cells: Paclitaxel in combination with Erastin induced oxidative stress and Ferroportin-1 modulation in MDA-MB-231 cells. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2025; 398:3985-3994. [PMID: 39392483 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03523-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2024] [Accepted: 10/07/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is an important regulated cell death mechanism characterized by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress. In this study, we examined the ferroptosis-inducing effect of the combined use of Paclitaxel, a microtubule-stabilizing agent, and Erastin, a ferroptosis inducer, in breast cancer cells. In this context, the combination of the compounds in question was applied to the cells and the presence of a synergistic effect was determined by calculating the combination index. Glutathione (GSH) levels and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity were determined by commercial assay kits, and the effect of the compounds on lipid peroxidation was determined by measurement of malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Additionally, the effect of combination treatment on ferroptotic protein expression was determined by western blot. Our findings revealed that the combination treatment caused a significant change in mitochondrial function by causing an increase in the depolarized/viable cell population. Additionally, there was a significant increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels compared to single applications of the compounds. The significant increase observed in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels revealed that the combination treatment increased lipid peroxidation. Moreover, intracellular GSH levels and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity significantly decreased by Paclitaxel-Erastin combination. The expression of ferroptosis-regulating proteins was significantly downregulated. The findings showed that the Paclitaxel-Erastin combination synergistically contributed to the accumulation of lipid reactive oxygen species and induced the ferroptotic cell death pathway in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filiz Bakar-Ates
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Ankara University, Anadolu, Ankara, 06560, Turkey.
| | - Erva Ozkan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Ankara Medipol University, Altindag, Ankara, 06050, Turkey
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Wang H, Wang X, Shen W, Zhou Y, Cui J, Li H, Yu J. CircRNA (circ)_0007823 Contributes to Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Progression and Cisplatin Resistance via the miR-182-5p/FOXO1 Pathway. Biochem Genet 2025; 63:1330-1342. [PMID: 38557813 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-024-10783-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Cisplatin (DDP) is used for the clinical management of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). However, the development of drug resistance limits its therapeutic efficacy. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are known to be involved in tumor DDP resistance. In our previous study, we reported that circ_0007823 expression is downregulated and correlated with adverse prognosis in TNBC. However, its association with DDP resistance remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the role of circ_0007823 and miR-182-5p in DDP-resistant TNBC and explore the underlying mechanisms. First, expression profiles circ_0007823, microRNA (miR)-182-5p, and forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) in TNBC cells were determined. Additionally, biological characteristics of cells, including apoptosis, cell cycle, proliferation, and migration, were analyzed using various assays. Luciferase reporter and rescue assays were used to determine the correlations among circ_0007823, miR-182-5p, and FOXO1 expression. MiR-182-5p was overexpressed in DDP-resistant TNBC cells. MiR-182-5p knockdown suppressed the invasiveness and increased the apoptosis of drug-resistant cells, contributing to G1 arrest and S phase reduction. Mechanistically, circ_0007823 targeted miR-182-5p, and its overexpression drastically reduced the promotional effects of the miR-182-5p mimic on the aggression and transfer ability of drug-resistant cells. Furthermore, FOXO1 overexpression increased the sensitivity of cells to DDP and reduced their malignant progression. Therefore, FOXO1 was established as the downstream target of miR-182-5p that may be used to treat DDP-resistant TNBC. In summary, circ_0007823 overexpression attenuated DDP resistance in TNBC via the miR-182-5p-FOXO1 axis, indicating the therapeutic potential of circ_0007823 DDP-resistant TNBC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haofeng Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shanghai Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, East China Normal University, No. 786, Yuyuan Road, Changning District, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Weida Shen
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shanghai Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, East China Normal University, No. 786, Yuyuan Road, Changning District, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Yingzi Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Jing Cui
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shanghai Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, East China Normal University, No. 786, Yuyuan Road, Changning District, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Haichuan Li
- Department of Laboratory, Shanghai Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Jinling Yu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shanghai Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, East China Normal University, No. 786, Yuyuan Road, Changning District, Shanghai, 200050, China.
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Pai S, Murthy SV. Molecular Subtypes and Ki-67 index in Breast Carcinoma with Special Emphasis on Triple Negative Breast Cancer. A 3-year Study in a Tertiary Care Center. Indian J Surg Oncol 2025; 16:478-490. [PMID: 40337051 PMCID: PMC12052743 DOI: 10.1007/s13193-023-01773-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2025] Open
Abstract
Purpose Molecular subtyping of breast carcinoma and Ki-67 index has gained prominence in the recent past, as conventional factors such as surgical margins, tumor size, grade and lymph node involvement, are not sufficient to assess prognosis and make better therapeutic decisions. These subtypes include Luminal A, Luminal B, Triple Negative breast cancer (TNBC), and HER2-enriched subtypes. This study aimed to analyze the molecular subtypes and Ki-67 index in prognosis of breast carcinoma. Method This retrospective study was conducted in the department of Pathology in a tertiary care center over a period of 3 years. All invasive breast carcinomas (IDC) which were molecularly subtyped and Ki-67 indexed were included in the study. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS software. Results and Discussion Out of 253 cases, 231 cases (91.3%) were IDC-NST and 22 cases (8.7%) were special types. Metaplastic and papillary tumors were associated with higher grade and high Ki-67 value. TNBC (35.2%) showing a majority of high-grade tumors, was the most prevalent subtype followed by Luminal A (32%) showing low grade, unlike other studies which showed luminal A to be most common subtype. The rare PR positive subtype was also observed in our study. Conclusion TNBC and HER 2-positive subtypes exhibited bad prognosis with higher histological grade, high Ki-67 index and higher age at presentation whereas Luminal A subtype, with lower grade and low Ki-67 index showed better prognosis. Thus, this vast array of predictive and prognostic information obtained by molecular subtyping will help clinicians in not only distinguishing between low-risk and high-risk subtypes but also in customization of the treatment and follow-up of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Pai
- Department of Pathology, ESIC Medical College and Post Graduate Institute of Medical Science and Research, Rajajinagar, Bangalore, India
| | - Srinivasa V Murthy
- Department of Pathology, ESIC Medical College and Post Graduate Institute of Medical Science and Research, Rajajinagar, Bangalore, India
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20
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Battogtokh G, Akala EO. Development of Multifunctional Targeted Dual-Loaded Polymeric Nanoparticles for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Treatment. Pharmaceutics 2025; 17:425. [PMID: 40284424 PMCID: PMC12030066 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics17040425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2025] [Revised: 03/20/2025] [Accepted: 03/23/2025] [Indexed: 04/29/2025] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast cancer that accounts for 15-20% of all breast cancer cases. TNBC is very difficult to treat with conventional treatment modalities such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery; Methods: In this study, we developed a dual-loaded targeted nanotherapeutics against TNBC to solve the challenging problems associated with TNBC treatment: lack of efficacy, toxicity, and poor site-specific drug delivery; PEGylated methacrylate-polylactide copolymer containing cisplatin was synthesized and characterized; Results: The copolymer was used to fabricate nanoparticles (NPs) in the presence of paclitaxel with 1.33% drug loading. The nanoparticles were homogenous, with an average particle size of 198 nm and a negative zeta potential (-41.3 mV). Cetuximab (CTX), a monoclonal antibody that binds to the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), was attached to the NP's surface to enhance the targetability to TNBC. In vitro studies including cell uptake and cytotoxicity in MDA-MB-231 cells confirmed that CTX-targeted NPs have the potential for treating TNBC. The IC50 of CTX-NPs after 96 h of incubation was 0.1 μM, which was significantly lower than those of p-NPs (0.49 μM) and free drugs (PTX + cPt: 0.57 μM); Conclusions: In summary, this research shows that CTX-targeted polymeric NPs containing cisplatin and paclitaxel are effective in treating TNBC in vivo investigations are ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emmanuel O. Akala
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA;
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Carvalho E, Canberk S, Schmitt F, Vale N. Molecular Subtypes and Mechanisms of Breast Cancer: Precision Medicine Approaches for Targeted Therapies. Cancers (Basel) 2025; 17:1102. [PMID: 40227634 PMCID: PMC11987866 DOI: 10.3390/cancers17071102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2025] [Revised: 03/20/2025] [Accepted: 03/23/2025] [Indexed: 04/15/2025] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer remains one of the most prevalent diseases worldwide, primarily affecting women. Its heterogeneous nature poses a significant challenge in the development of effective and targeted treatments. Molecular characterization has enabled breast cancer to be classified into four main subtypes: luminal A, luminal B, HER2-positive, and triple-negative breast cancer, based on hormone receptor expression and HER2 status. A deeper understanding of these molecular markers and their associated signaling pathways, such as MAPK and PI3K/AKT, is essential for improving prognosis and optimizing treatment strategies. Currently, several therapeutic agents are utilized in neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapies, often in combination with surgical interventions. However, emerging evidence highlights the growing challenge of drug resistance, which significantly limits the efficacy of existing treatments. Addressing this issue may require innovative approaches, including combination therapies and precision medicine strategies, tailored to the molecular profile of each patient. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the pathophysiologic mechanisms driving breast cancer progression and resistance is crucial for the development of advanced targeted therapies with greater precision and efficacy. This review aims to explore recent advancements in molecular research related to breast cancer subtypes and provide a critical analysis of current therapeutic approaches within the framework of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduarda Carvalho
- PerMed Research Group, RISE-Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (E.C.); (S.C.); (F.S.)
| | - Sule Canberk
- PerMed Research Group, RISE-Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (E.C.); (S.C.); (F.S.)
- RISE-Health, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Schmitt
- PerMed Research Group, RISE-Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (E.C.); (S.C.); (F.S.)
- RISE-Health, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Vale
- PerMed Research Group, RISE-Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (E.C.); (S.C.); (F.S.)
- RISE-Health, Department of Community Medicine, Health Information and Decision (MEDCIDS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
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Master K, El Khalki L, Bayachou M, Sossey‐Alaoui K. Role of WAVE3 as an actin binding protein in the pathology of triple negative breast cancer. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2025; 82:130-144. [PMID: 39021344 PMCID: PMC11904861 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer, a prevalent global health concern, has sparked extensive research efforts, particularly focusing on triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), a subtype lacking estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor, and epidermal growth factor receptor. TNBC's aggressive nature and resistance to hormone-based therapies heightens the risk of tumor progression and recurrence. Actin-binding proteins, specifically WAVE3 from the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP) family, have emerged as major drivers in understanding TNBC biology. This review delves into the intricate molecular makeup of TNBC, shedding light on actin's fundamental role in cellular processes. Actin, a structural element in the cytoskeleton, regulates various cellular pathways essential for homeostasis. Its dynamic nature enables functions such as cell migration, motility, intracellular transport, cell division, and signal transduction. Actin-binding proteins, including WAVE3, play pivotal roles in these processes. WAVE3, a member of the WASP family, remains the focus of this review due to its potential involvement in TNBC progression. While actin-binding proteins are studied for their roles in healthy cellular cycles, their significance in TNBC remains underexplored. This review aims to discuss WAVE3's impact on TNBC, exploring its molecular makeup, functions, and significance in tumor progression. The intricate structure of WAVE3, featuring elements like the verprolin-cofilin-acidic domain and regulatory elements, plays a crucial role in regulating actin dynamics. Dysregulation of WAVE3 in TNBC has been linked to enhanced cell migration, invasion, extracellular matrix remodeling, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, tumor proliferation, and therapeutic resistance. Understanding the role of actin-binding proteins in cancer biology has potential clinical implications, making them potential prognostic biomarkers and promising therapeutic targets. The review emphasizes the need for further research into actin-binding proteins' clinical applications, diagnostic value, and therapeutic interventions. In conclusion, this comprehensive review explores the complex interplay between actin and actin-binding proteins, with special emphasis on WAVE3, in the context of TNBC. By unraveling the molecular intricacies, structural characteristics, and functional significance, the review paves the way for future research directions, clinical applications, and potential therapeutic strategies in the challenging landscape of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kruyanshi Master
- Department of ChemistryCleveland State UniversityClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Lamyae El Khalki
- MetroHealth SystemClevelandOhioUSA
- Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhioUSA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer CenterClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Mekki Bayachou
- Department of ChemistryCleveland State UniversityClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Khalid Sossey‐Alaoui
- MetroHealth SystemClevelandOhioUSA
- Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhioUSA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer CenterClevelandOhioUSA
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23
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Zhang Z, Li F, Dai X, Deng J, Wang Y, Zhang S, Liu W, Xie Y, Pan Y, Wang J, Zhao T, Wang S, Li W, Jin C, Zhang H, Lu J, Guo B, Zhou Y. A novel micropeptide miPEP205 suppresses the growth and metastasis of TNBC. Oncogene 2025; 44:513-529. [PMID: 39623077 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-024-03240-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 11/18/2024] [Accepted: 11/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2025]
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer and poses a treatment challenge due to high recurrence risk. Consequently, there is an urgent need for novel and efficacious therapies targeting TNBC. In this context, our study delineates the identification and characterization of a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)-derived micropeptide miPEP205. Notably, the micropeptide exerts a significant inhibitory effect on the growth and metastasis of TNBC. Moreover, we observed a substantial down-regulation of micropeptide expression in clinical samples, which was markedly associated with a poor prognosis. Mechanistically, our research demonstrated that EGR3 governs lncRNA MIR205HG and the micropeptide expression, while miPEP205 boosts GSK-3β phosphorylation at Tyr216. This cascade causes β-catenin degradation, deactivating the GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling pathway and ultimately inhibits TNBC progression. Remarkably, our experiments in the spontaneous breast cancer mice model MMTV-PyMT demonstrated that the introduction of the miPEP205 gene or exogenous administration of the micropeptide miPEP205 significantly curtailed tumor growth and lung metastasis, and enhanced the overall survival among tumor-bearing mice. In conclusion, our study uncovers a previously uncharacterized micropeptide derived from a lncRNA, showcasing potent antitumor properties. These findings position miPEP205 as a promising novel target for therapeutic intervention in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhang
- Department of Genetics, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Fanrong Li
- Department of Genetics, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Dai
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Jieqiong Deng
- Department of Genetics, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yirong Wang
- Department of Genetics, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Shenghua Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Academy of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Genetics, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Ying Xie
- Department of Genetics, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yacheng Pan
- Department of Genetics, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jieyu Wang
- Department of Genetics, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Tong Zhao
- Department of Genetics, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Department of Genetics, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Wanqiu Li
- Department of Genetics, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Congnan Jin
- Department of Genetics, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Hebin Zhang
- Department of Genetics, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jiachun Lu
- The Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, The First Affiliated Hospital, The School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510182, China
| | - Binbin Guo
- Department of Genetics, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Yifeng Zhou
- Department of Genetics, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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Dong H, Peng Z, Yu T, Xiong J. YB-1 Targeted by miR-509-3-5p Affects Migration and Invasion of Triple‑Negative Breast Cancer by Regulating Cellular Epithelial‑Mesenchymal Transition. Mol Biotechnol 2025; 67:1014-1026. [PMID: 38436906 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-024-01101-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process is closely linked to metastasis of breast cancer. This article elucidates the role of Y-box binding protein-1 (YB-1) on the migration and invasion of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells by regulating EMT, and the related mechanism. The expression data of YB-1 and miR-509-3-5p in TNBC samples and normal samples were downloaded from the GEO database. The proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT of TNBC cells were detected by CCK-8 assay, colony formation assay, wound-healing assay, transwell assay, and immunoblotting analyses. The targeted binding of YB-1 and miR-509-3-5p was validated by luciferase reporter experiment. A xenograft mouse model was constructed to investigate the influence of the miR-509-3-5p/YB-1 axis on TNBC tumor growth in vivo. YB-1 was overexpressed, while miR-509-3-5p was underexpressed in TNBC tumor tissues and various cell lines. Silencing YB-1 depressed cell viability, proliferation, motility, and EMT in vitro, and miR-509-3-5p upregulation exerted the same effects. YB-1 was targeted by miR-509-3-5p. The suppressive effects on the phenotypes of TNBC cells caused by overexpressed miR-509-3-5p were attenuated by YB-1 upregulation. In addition, miR-509-3-5p overexpression restrained TNBC tumor growth and downregulated the YB-1-mediated EMT process in vivo. YB-1 targeted by miR-509-3-5p affects motility of TNBC cells by regulating cellular EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanzhi Dong
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, 17 Yongwai Zhengjie, Donghu District, Nanchang, 330029, China
| | - Zhiqiang Peng
- Department of Lymphohematology, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, 330029, China
| | - Tenghua Yu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, 330029, China
| | - Jianping Xiong
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, 17 Yongwai Zhengjie, Donghu District, Nanchang, 330029, China.
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25
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de Moraes FCA, Souza MEC, Sano VKT, Moraes RA, Melo AC. Association of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes with clinical outcomes in patients with triple-negative breast cancer receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Transl Oncol 2025; 27:974-987. [PMID: 39154313 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-024-03661-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) presents a clinical challenge as an aggressive tumor, correlated with unfavorable prognosis. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) have garnered interest as a potential prognostic biomarker. However, the disparity in outcomes between varying TILs rates remains inadequately explored. METHODS PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases were searched for studies about the prognostic value of TILs in patients with TNBC receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The hazard ratios (HRs) or odds ratios (ORs) were computed for binary endpoints, with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS Twenty-nine studies were included, involving a population of six thousand one hundred sixty-one (80.41%) with TNBC. The cut-off TILs value ranged from 10 to 60%, with 50% being the most related value. Compared with the low-TIL expression group, the disease-free survival (DFS) (HR 0.71; 95% CI 0.61-0.82; p < 0.00001) and overall survival (OS) (HR 0.76; 95% CI 0.63-0.90; p = 0.002) rates showed significant improvement with higher TIL infiltrations. In the subgroup analyses of the lymphocyte subtypes CD4 + and CD8 + , there was statistical significance favoring higher TILs rates in both subtypes, each associated with improved DFS (HR 0.48; 95% CI 0.33-0.71; p = 0.0002) and OS (HR 0.53; 95% CI 0.36-0.78; p = 0.001), regardless of which cell subtype was predominantly infiltrated. The complete pathological response analysis showed better rates for the higher TIL group than the control for both the TIL (OR 1.29; 95% CI 1.13-1.48; p = 0.0003) and Ki-67 (OR 2.74; 95% CI 2.01-3.73; p < 0.00001) analyses. CONCLUSION Higher expressions of TILs in patients with TNBC were associated with improved significantly DFS, OS, and pCR outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ana C Melo
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
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26
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Attar FA, Irani S, Oloomi M, Bolhassani A, Geranpayeh L, Atyabi F. Doxorubicin loaded exosomes inhibit cancer-associated fibroblasts growth: in vitro and in vivo study. Cancer Cell Int 2025; 25:72. [PMID: 40016747 PMCID: PMC11869484 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-025-03689-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2025] [Indexed: 03/01/2025] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblast cells (CAFs) play a key role in the breast cancer (BC) microenvironment that induces resistance to chemotherapy. Adipose mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) derived exosomes were utilized to deliver the doxorubicin (Dox) to BC cell lines (MDA-MB-231, MCF-7) and CAFs in both mono and co-culture systems. Immunocytochemistry (ICC) for VIMENTIN and flow cytometry for the CD45, CD34, CD73, and CD90 markers were used to confirm the phenotypic characteristics of CAFs and MSC cells. Dox was loaded into ADMSCs-derived exosomes (Exo-Dox) through sonication and its loading wasa confirmed by transmission electron microscope (TEM). Compared to free Dox, Exo-Dox showed a higher efficiency in inducing apoptosis and inhibiting growth and migration in co-culture cells with CAFs (P < 0.05). The up-regulation of H19 and UCA1 lncRNAs, associated with chemoresistance, was confirmed using real-time PCR in CAF-derived breast cancer patients, CAF-derived exosomes, and exosome-derived patient serums. H19 and UCA1 expression levels were significantly down-regulated in MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, and co-cultures of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells with CAFs that received Exo-Dox treatment. In vivo results indicated that ADMSCs-derived exosomes (MSC-Exos) can accumulate at the tumor site. Exo-Dox suppressed cancer cell growth and significantly decreased tumor size compared to PBS (p < 0.01). The findings confirmed the growth inhibition effects of Exo-Dox n in CAFs, BC cells, and tumor-bearing mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Akhavan Attar
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shiva Irani
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mana Oloomi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Bolhassani
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Fatemeh Atyabi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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27
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Tang X, Zhu Y. RAE-Net: a multi-modal neural network based on feature fusion and evidential deep learning algorithm in predicting breast cancer subtypes on DCE-MRI. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2025; 11:025044. [PMID: 39933196 DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/adb494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2025] [Indexed: 02/13/2025]
Abstract
ObjectivesAccurate identification of molecular subtypes in breast cancer is critical for personalized treatment. This study introduces a novel neural network model, RAE-Net, based on Multimodal Feature Fusion (MFF) and the Evidential Deep Learning Algorithm (EDLA) to improve breast cancer subtype prediction using dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI).MethodsA dataset of 344 patients with histologically confirmed breast cancer was divided into training (n = 200), validation (n = 60), and testing (n = 62) cohorts. RAE-Net, built on ResNet-50 with Multi-Head Attention (MHA) fusion and Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) mechanisms, combines radiomic and deep learning features for subtype prediction. The EDLA module adds uncertainty estimation to enhance classification reliability.ResultsThe RAE-Net model incorporating the MFF module demonstrated superior performance, achieving a mean accuracy of 0.83 and a Macro-F1 score of 0.78, surpassing traditional radiomics models (accuracy: 0.79, Macro-F1: 0.75) and standalone deep learning models (accuracy: 0.80, Macro-F1: 0.76). When an EDLA uncertainty threshold of 0.2 was applied, the performance significantly improved, with accuracy reaching 0.97 and Macro-F1 increasing to 0.92. Additionally, RAE-Net outperformed two recent deep learning networks, ResGANet and HIFUSE. Specifically, RAE-Net showed a 0.5% improvement in accuracy and a higher AUC compared to ResGANet. In comparison to HIFUSE, RAE-Net reduced both the number of parameters and computational cost by 90% while only increasing computation time by 5.7%.ConclusionsRAE-Net integrates feature fusion and uncertainty estimation to predict breast cancer subtypes from DCE-MRI. The model achieves high accuracy while maintaining computational efficiency, demonstrating its potential for clinical use as a reliable and resource-efficient diagnostic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Tang
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, 42 Baiziting, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinsu Zhu
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, 42 Baiziting, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210009, People's Republic of China
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Kaewkedsri P, Intarawichian P, Jessadapattarakul S, Kunprom W, Koonmee S, Thanee M, Somintara O, Wongbuddha A, Chadbunchachai P, Nawapun S, Aphivatanasiri C. Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1) and Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I (MHC Class I) Expression Patterns and Their Pathologic Associations in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. BREAST CANCER (DOVE MEDICAL PRESS) 2025; 17:123-143. [PMID: 39936074 PMCID: PMC11812676 DOI: 10.2147/bctt.s506833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2025] [Indexed: 02/13/2025]
Abstract
Purpose This study aims to investigate the clinicopathological characteristics of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) in relation to programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC class I) expression, with a focus on their prognostic significance. Patients and Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples from 148 TNBC patients diagnosed between 2008 and 2021. Immunohistochemical analysis evaluated PD-L1 and MHC class I expression. PD-L1 was assessed using Combine Positive Scores (CPS), with the threshold set at CPS ≥ 1 and CPS ≥ 10. MHC class I expression was categorized into low and high levels. Associations between these markers, clinicopathological features, overall survival (OS), and disease-free survival (DFS) were analyzed. PD-L1 expression was also compared between older FFPE blocks (2008-2018) versus newer blocks (2019-2021). Results PD-L1 expression was observed in 29.1% of cases with a Combined Positive Score (CPS) ≥1 and 8.8% of CPS ≥10 cases. MHC class I expression was evenly split between low and high levels. Older FFPE blocks (2008-2018) showed lower PD-L1 expression than newer blocks (2019-2021). There was no significant association between PD-L1 expression and overall survival (OS) or disease-free survival (DFS). However, high MHC class I expression was strongly associated with improved OS (HR = 0.469, 95% CI: 0.282-0.780, p=0.004). Patients with negative PD-L1 and high MHC class I expression had the most favorable prognosis, with significant OS for CPS ≥1 (HR = 0.447, 95% CI: 0.236-0.846, p=0.013) and CPS ≥10 (HR = 0.516, 95% CI: 0.307-0.869, p=0.013). Conclusion These findings support the potential of PD-L1 and MHC class I expression as prognostic markers for TNBC, offering insights to guide treatment decisions and improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ponkrit Kaewkedsri
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | | | | | - Waritta Kunprom
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Supinda Koonmee
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Malinee Thanee
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Ongart Somintara
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Anongporn Wongbuddha
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Payia Chadbunchachai
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Supajit Nawapun
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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Alalhareth IS, Alyami SM, Alshareef AH, Ajeibi AO, Al Munjem MF, Elfifi AA, Alsharif MM, Alzahrani SA, Alqaad MA, Bakir MB, Abdel-Wahab BA. Cellular Epigenetic Targets and Epidrugs in Breast Cancer Therapy: Mechanisms, Challenges, and Future Perspectives. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2025; 18:207. [PMID: 40006021 PMCID: PMC11858621 DOI: 10.3390/ph18020207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2025] [Revised: 01/31/2025] [Accepted: 02/01/2025] [Indexed: 02/27/2025] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy affecting women, manifesting as a heterogeneous disease with diverse molecular characteristics and clinical presentations. Recent studies have elucidated the role of epigenetic modifications in the pathogenesis of breast cancer, including drug resistance and efflux characteristics, offering potential new diagnostic and prognostic markers, treatment efficacy predictors, and therapeutic agents. Key modifications include DNA cytosine methylation and the covalent modification of histone proteins. Unlike genetic mutations, reprogramming the epigenetic landscape of the cancer epigenome is a promising targeted therapy for the treatment and reversal of drug resistance. Epidrugs, which target DNA methylation and histone modifications, can provide novel options for the treatment of breast cancer by reversing the acquired resistance to treatment. Currently, the most promising approach involves combination therapies consisting of epidrugs with immune checkpoint inhibitors. This review examines the aberrant epigenetic regulation of breast cancer initiation and progression, focusing on modifications related to estrogen signaling, drug resistance, cancer progression, and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). It examines existing epigenetic drugs for treating breast cancer, including agents that modify DNA, inhibitors of histone acetyltransferases, histone deacetylases, histone methyltransferases, and histone demethyltransferases. It also delves into ongoing studies on combining epidrugs with other therapies and addresses the upcoming obstacles in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim S. Alalhareth
- College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 66256, Saudi Arabia; (I.S.A.); (S.M.A.)
| | - Saleh M. Alyami
- College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 66256, Saudi Arabia; (I.S.A.); (S.M.A.)
| | - Ali H. Alshareef
- Department of Pharmaceuticals Care, Ministry of Defense, Najran 66281, Saudi Arabia; (A.H.A.); (A.O.A.); (A.A.E.); (M.M.A.)
| | - Ahmed O. Ajeibi
- Department of Pharmaceuticals Care, Ministry of Defense, Najran 66281, Saudi Arabia; (A.H.A.); (A.O.A.); (A.A.E.); (M.M.A.)
| | - Manea F. Al Munjem
- King Khaled Hospital -Najran Health Cluster, Najran 66261, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ahmad A. Elfifi
- Department of Pharmaceuticals Care, Ministry of Defense, Najran 66281, Saudi Arabia; (A.H.A.); (A.O.A.); (A.A.E.); (M.M.A.)
| | - Meshal M. Alsharif
- Department of Pharmaceuticals Care, Ministry of Defense, Najran 66281, Saudi Arabia; (A.H.A.); (A.O.A.); (A.A.E.); (M.M.A.)
| | - Seham A. Alzahrani
- Pharmacy Department, Khamis Mushait General Hospital, King Khalid Rd, Al Shifa, Khamis Mushait 62433, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammed A. Alqaad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care Services, Al Noor Specialized Hospital, Makkah Health, Cluster, Makkah 24241, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Marwa B. Bakir
- Department of Medical Education, College of Medicine, Najran University, Najran 1988, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Basel A. Abdel-Wahab
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 1988, Saudi Arabia
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30
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Kuriakose BB, Zwamel AH, Mutar AA, Uthirapathy S, Bishoyi AK, Naidu KS, Hjazi A, Nakash P, Arya R, Almalki SG. The critical role of NLRP3 in drug resistance of cancers: Focus on the molecular mechanisms and possible therapeutics. Semin Oncol 2025; 52:27-40. [PMID: 40037148 DOI: 10.1016/j.seminoncol.2025.152337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2025] [Accepted: 02/12/2025] [Indexed: 03/06/2025]
Abstract
Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) is a member of the leucine-rich repeat-containing protein (NLR) canonical inflammasome family. It regulates the pathophysiology of cancer by facilitating immune responses and apoptotic proteins. Furthermore, it has been observed that chemotherapy activates NLRP3 in human malignancies. The secretion of IL-1β and IL-22 to promote cancer spread may be triggered by NLRP3 activation. Furthermore, earlier studies have exhibited that NLRP3 may cause medication resistance when used in cancer treatments given that cell viability may be regulated by NLRP3 depletion. Additionally, clinical studies have demonstrated correlation between NLRP3 expression, lymphogenesis, and cancer metastasis. Various NLRP3 agonists may cause the EMT process, stimulate IL-1β and Wnt/β-catenin signaling, and alter miRNA function in drug-resistant cells. This review seeks to clarify the possibility involvement of NLRP3-related pathways in the control of cancer cells' resistance to widely used treatment approaches, such as chemotherapy. In the end, an improved perception of the corresponding mechanisms behind NLRP3's tumor-supporting activities will help NLRP3-based treatments advance in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beena Briget Kuriakose
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King khalid University, Khamis Mushayt, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Hussein Zwamel
- Department of medical analysis, Medical laboratory technique college, the Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq; Department of medical analysis, Medical laboratory technique college, the Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq; Department of medical analysis, Medical laboratory technique college, the Islamic University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq
| | - Ayad Abdulrazzaq Mutar
- Medical Laboratory Techniques department, College of Health and medical technology, Al-maarif University, Anbar, Iraq.
| | - Subasini Uthirapathy
- Pharmacy Department, Tishk International University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Ashok Kumar Bishoyi
- Marwadi University Research Center, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Marwadi University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - K Satyam Naidu
- Department of Chemistry, Raghu Engineering College, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Ahmed Hjazi
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Princse Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Prashant Nakash
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Renu Arya
- Chandigarh Pharmacy College, Chandigarh Group of Colleges-Jhanjeri, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Sami G Almalki
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
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Sinha P, Yadav AK. Unraveling the anti-breast cancer activity of Cimicifugae rhizoma using biological network pathways and molecular dynamics simulation. Mol Divers 2025; 29:241-254. [PMID: 38615110 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-024-10847-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Cimicifugae is a commonly used treatment for breast cancer, but the specific molecular mechanisms underlying its effectiveness remain unclear. In this research, we employ a combination of network pharmacology, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulations to uncover the most potent phytochemical within Cimicifugae rhizoma in order to delve into its interaction with the target protein in breast cancer treatment. We identified 18 active compounds and 89 associated targets, primarily associated to various biological processes such as lipid metabolism, the signaling pathway in diabetes, viral infections, and cancer-related pathways. Molecular docking analysis revealed that the two most active compounds, Formononetin and Cimigenol, exhibit strong binding to the target protein AKT1. Through molecular dynamics simulations, we found that the Cimigenol-AKT1 complex exhibits greater structural stability and lower interaction energy compared to the stigmasterol-AKT1 complex. Our study demonstrates that Cimicifugae rhizoma exerts its effects in breast cancer treatment through a multi-component, multi-target synergistic approach. Furthermore, we propose that Cimigenol, targeting AKT-1, represents the most effective compound, offering valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underpinning its role in breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashasti Sinha
- Department of Physics, School of Physical & Decision Science, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226025, India
| | - Anil Kumar Yadav
- Department of Physics, School of Physical & Decision Science, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226025, India.
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Sebastião AI, Simões G, Oliveira F, Mateus D, Falcão A, Carrascal MA, Gomes C, Neves B, Cruz MT. Dendritic cells in triple-negative breast cancer: From pathophysiology to therapeutic applications. Cancer Treat Rev 2025; 133:102884. [PMID: 39837068 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2025.102884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2024] [Revised: 11/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2025] [Indexed: 01/23/2025]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer in women and the fifth leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. It is a highly heterogeneous disease, consisting of multiple subtypes that vary significantly in clinical characteristics and survival outcomes. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a particularly aggressive and challenging subtype of breast cancer. Several immunotherapeutic approaches have been tested in patients with TNBC to improve disease outcomes, including the administration of dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccines. DCs are a heterogeneous cell population that play a crucial role in bridging the innate and adaptive immune systems. Therefore, DCs have been increasingly used in cancer vaccines due to their ability to prime and boost antigen specific T-cell immune responses. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of TNBC, including potential targets and pharmacological strategies, as well as an overview of DCs and their relevance in TNBC. In addition, we review ongoing clinical trials and shed light on the evolving landscape of DC-based immunotherapy for TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Isabel Sebastião
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra (CNC-UC), Coimbra, 3004-504, Portugal; Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Gonçalo Simões
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra (CNC-UC), Coimbra, 3004-504, Portugal; Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Filomena Oliveira
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Daniela Mateus
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra (CNC-UC), Coimbra, 3004-504, Portugal; Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; BioMark@UC/CEB-LABBELS, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Amílcar Falcão
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Célia Gomes
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research - iCBR, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Bruno Neves
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Institute of Biomedicine - iBiMED, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Maria Teresa Cruz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra (CNC-UC), Coimbra, 3004-504, Portugal; Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
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Shama AR, Savaliya ML. Benzothiazole-triazole hybrids: Novel anticancer agents inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis through Bcl-2 inhibition in triple-negative breast cancer. Bioorg Chem 2025; 155:108150. [PMID: 39799730 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2025.108150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2024] [Revised: 01/05/2025] [Accepted: 01/07/2025] [Indexed: 01/15/2025]
Abstract
In this study, we aim to detail the design and synthesis of a series of benzothiazole tethered triazole compounds that incorporate acetamide chains, with the purpose of investigating their potential as anticancer agents. The structural integrity of the compounds was confirmed through characterization using 1H NMR, 13C NMR, mass spectrometry, and IR spectroscopy. The compounds demonstrated notable cytotoxic effects when tested against a range of cancer cell lines, with a specific inhibition observed in triple-negative breast cancer. Among the compounds, the one with trichloro substitution demonstrated the highest potency, as indicated by an IC50 value of 30.49 μM. The compounds were found to trigger cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase and promote apoptosis, as observed in the mechanistic studies. The Bcl-2 protein exhibited significant binding interactions in molecular docking studies, which were then corroborated through molecular dynamics simulations spanning 100 ns. The simulations confirmed the stability of the ligand-protein complex, as supported by RMSD, RMSF, and hydrogen bond analyses, reinforcing the proposed mechanism of Bcl-2-mediated apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aamir R Shama
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Atmiya University, Yogidham Gurukul, Kalawad Road, Rajkot 360005, Gujarat, India
| | - Mehulkumar L Savaliya
- Department of Chemistry, SRICT-Institute of Science and Research, UPL University of Sustainable Technology, Ankleshwar Valia Road, Vataria 393135, India.
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Mukherjee A, Davis SR. Update on Menopause Hormone Therapy; Current Indications and Unanswered Questions. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2025. [PMID: 39878309 DOI: 10.1111/cen.15211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2025] [Indexed: 01/31/2025]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide clinicians involved in managing menopause with a summary of current evidence surrounding menopause hormone therapy (MHT). DESIGN The authors evaluate and synthesize existing pooled evidence relating to MHT's clinical indications, efficacy, and safety and explore the limitations of existing data. PATIENTS The review focuses on MHT-related outcomes in women with natural-timed menopause captured within observational studies, RCTs, and pooled data from pivotal meta-analyses and reviews. MEASUREMENTS Available published data are scrutinized. Available evidence and notably lacking data from women not adequately represented in published MHT trials, such as those with socioeconomic adversity, significant comorbidities, and minority ethnic backgrounds, are highlighted and deliberated. RESULTS The impact of MHT differs significantly between demographics. Current consensus recommendations for MHT emphasize the importance of tailoring type, route, dose, and duration of therapy to individual needs and risk/benefit ratio through shared decision-making. MHT impact can change over time. Current MHT data support its benefits for treating menopause symptoms and a potential window of opportunity in midlife to benefit skeletal health. Limitations of current evidence highlight menopause health inequalities and underscores the need for further research. CONCLUSIONS This review recommends tailored use of MHT for well-defined indications, recognizing its value for menopause symptom relief and skeletal benefits for many midlife women. MHT may be used as long as benefits outweigh risks, through shared decision-making. There is insufficient clinical evidence to support the long-term use of MHT in some contemporary cohorts of women accessing MHT in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annice Mukherjee
- Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Priory St, Coventry, CV1 5FB, UK
- Dept of Endocrinology, Spire Manchester Hospital, 170 Barlow Moor Rd, Manchester, M20 2AF, UK
| | - Susan R Davis
- Women's Health Research Program, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, 3004, VIC, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Alfred Health, Melbourne, 3004, VIC, Australia
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35
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Kitata RB, Velickovic M, Xu Z, Zhao R, Scholten D, Chu RK, Orton DJ, Chrisler WB, Zhang T, Mathews JV, Bumgarner BM, Gursel DB, Moore RJ, Piehowski PD, Liu T, Smith RD, Liu H, Wasserfall CH, Tsai CF, Shi T. Robust collection and processing for label-free single voxel proteomics. Nat Commun 2025; 16:547. [PMID: 39805815 PMCID: PMC11730317 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-54643-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2025] Open
Abstract
With advanced mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics, genome-scale proteome coverage can be achieved from bulk tissues. However, such bulk measurement lacks spatial resolution and obscures tissue heterogeneity, precluding proteome mapping of tissue microenvironment. Here we report an integrated wet collection of single microscale tissue voxels and Surfactant-assisted One-Pot voxel processing method termed wcSOP for robust label-free single voxel proteomics. wcSOP capitalizes on buffer droplet-assisted wet collection of single voxels dissected by LCM to the tube cap and SOP voxel processing in the same collection cap. This method enables reproducible, label-free quantification of approximately 900 and 4600 proteins for single voxels at 20 µm × 20 µm × 10 µm (~1 cell region) and 200 µm × 200 µm × 10 µm (~100 cell region) from fresh frozen human spleen tissue, respectively. It can reveal spatially resolved protein signatures and region-specific signaling pathways. Furthermore, wcSOP-MS is demonstrated to be broadly applicable for OCT-embedded and FFPE human archived tissues as well as for small-scale 2D proteome mapping of tissues at high spatial resolutions. wcSOP-MS may pave the way for routine robust single voxel proteomics and spatial proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reta Birhanu Kitata
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Marija Velickovic
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Zhangyang Xu
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Rui Zhao
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - David Scholten
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Rosalie K Chu
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Daniel J Orton
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - William B Chrisler
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Tong Zhang
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Jeremy V Mathews
- Pathology Core Facility, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Benjamin M Bumgarner
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Demirkan B Gursel
- Pathology Core Facility, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Ronald J Moore
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Paul D Piehowski
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Tao Liu
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Richard D Smith
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Huiping Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Clive H Wasserfall
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Chia-Feng Tsai
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Tujin Shi
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA.
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Kondakova I, Sereda E, Sidenko E, Vtorushin S, Vedernikova V, Burov A, Spirin P, Prassolov V, Lebedev T, Morozov A, Karpov V. Association of Proteasome Activity and Pool Heterogeneity with Markers Determining the Molecular Subtypes of Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2025; 17:159. [PMID: 39796785 PMCID: PMC11720674 DOI: 10.3390/cancers17010159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2024] [Revised: 12/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2025] [Indexed: 01/13/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proteasomes degrade intracellular proteins. Different proteasome forms were identified. Proteasome inhibitors are used in cancer therapy, and novel drugs directed to specific proteasome forms are developed. Breast cancer (BC) therapy depends on the subtype of the tumor, determined by the expression level of Ki67, HER-2, estrogen and progesterone receptors. Relationships between the presence of specific proteasome forms and proteins that determine the BC subtype remain unclear. Here, using gene expression data in 19,145 tumor samples from 144 datasets and tissues from 159 patients with different subtypes of BC, we investigated the association between the activity and expression of proteasomes and levels of BC subtype markers. METHODS Bioinformatic analysis of proteasome subunit (PSMB1-10) gene expression in BC was performed. Proteasome heterogeneity in BC cell lines was investigated by qPCR. By Western blotting, proteasome composition was assessed in cells and patient tissue lysates. Proteasome activities were studied using fluorogenic substrates. BC molecular subtypes were determined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS BC subtypes demonstrate differing proteasome subunit expression pattern and strong PSMB8-10 co-correlation in tumors. A significant increase in chymotrypsin- and caspase-like proteasome activities in BC compared to adjacent tissues was revealed. The subunit composition of proteasomes in tumor tissues of BC subtypes varied. Regression analysis demonstrated a positive correlation between proteasome activities and the expression of Ki67, estrogen receptors and progesterone receptors. CONCLUSION BC subtypes demonstrate differences within the proteasome pool. Correlations between the proteasome activity, hormone receptors and Ki67 indicate possible mutual influence. Obtained results facilitate development of novel drug combinations for BC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Kondakova
- Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Cancer Research Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634009 Tomsk, Russia; (I.K.); (E.S.); (E.S.); (S.V.)
| | - Elena Sereda
- Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Cancer Research Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634009 Tomsk, Russia; (I.K.); (E.S.); (E.S.); (S.V.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Biology, Siberian State Medical University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Evgeniya Sidenko
- Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Cancer Research Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634009 Tomsk, Russia; (I.K.); (E.S.); (E.S.); (S.V.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Biology, Siberian State Medical University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Sergey Vtorushin
- Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Cancer Research Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634009 Tomsk, Russia; (I.K.); (E.S.); (E.S.); (S.V.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Biology, Siberian State Medical University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Valeria Vedernikova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.V.); (A.B.); (P.S.); (V.P.); (T.L.); (A.M.)
- Moscow Center for Advanced Studies, Kulakova 20, 123592 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Burov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.V.); (A.B.); (P.S.); (V.P.); (T.L.); (A.M.)
| | - Pavel Spirin
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.V.); (A.B.); (P.S.); (V.P.); (T.L.); (A.M.)
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Prassolov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.V.); (A.B.); (P.S.); (V.P.); (T.L.); (A.M.)
| | - Timofey Lebedev
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.V.); (A.B.); (P.S.); (V.P.); (T.L.); (A.M.)
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey Morozov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.V.); (A.B.); (P.S.); (V.P.); (T.L.); (A.M.)
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vadim Karpov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.V.); (A.B.); (P.S.); (V.P.); (T.L.); (A.M.)
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Shewale H, Kanugo A. Recent Advances in Immunotherapy and Targeted Therapy of Triple Negative Breast Cancer. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2025; 26:365-391. [PMID: 39092645 DOI: 10.2174/0113892010303244240718075729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
The truancy of representation of the estrogen, progesterone, and human epidermal growth factor receptors occurs during TNBC. TNBC is recognized for the upper reappearance and has a poorer diagnosis compared with rest breast cancer (BC) types. Presently, as such, no targeted therapy is approved for TNBC and treatment options are subjected to chemotherapy and surgery, which have high mortality rates. Hence, the current article focuses on the scenario of TNBC vital pathways and discusses the latest advances in TNBC treatment, including immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), PARP suppressors, and cancer vaccines. Immunotherapy and ICIs, like PD 1 and PD L1 suppressors, displayed potential in clinical trials (CTs). These suppressors obstruct the mechanisms which allow tumor cells to evade the system thereby boosting the body's defense against TNBC. Immunotherapy, either alone or combined with chemotherapy has demonstrated patient outcomes such as increased survival rates and reduced treatment-related side effects. Additionally, targeted therapy approaches include BRCA/2 mutation poly ribose polymerase inhibitors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor (VEGFR) inhibitors, Epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors, Fibroblast growth factor inhibitors, Androgen Receptor inhibitors, PIK3/AKT/mTOR pathway inhibitors, Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors, Notch signaling pathway inhibitors, Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway inhibitors, Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy, Transforming growth factor (TGF) -β inhibitors, Epigenetic modifications (EPM), Aurora Kinase inhibitors and antibody-drug conjugates. We also highlight ongoing clinical trials and potential future directions for TNBC therapy. Despite the challenges in treating TNBC, recent developments in understanding the molecular and immune characteristics of TNBC have opened up new opportunities for targeted therapies, which hold promise for improving outcomes in this aggressive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshada Shewale
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SVKM NMIMS School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, Shirpur Maharashtra, 425405, India
| | - Abhishek Kanugo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SVKM NMIMS School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, Shirpur Maharashtra, 425405, India
- SVKM Institute of Pharmacy, Dhule, Maharashtra, 424001, India
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38
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Khalaji A, Hadad S, Jabbaripour Sarmadian A, Ojaghlou F, Janagard EM, Baradaran B. Advances in Monoclonal Antibody Therapies for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Immunotherapeutic and Targeted Strategies. Curr Mol Med 2025; 25:445-459. [PMID: 38288828 DOI: 10.2174/0115665240287767240115062343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) presents considerable obstacles because of its highly aggressive characteristics and limited availability of specific therapeutic interventions. The utilization of monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based immunotherapy is a viable approach to tackle these difficulties. This review aims to examine the present state of mAb-based immunotherapy in TNBC, focusing on the underlying mechanisms of action, clinical applications, and existing challenges. The effectiveness of mAbs in reducing tumor development, regulating immune responses, and changing the tumor microenvironment has been demonstrated in many clinical investigations. The challenges encompass several aspects such as the discovery of biomarkers, understanding resistance mechanisms, managing toxicity, considering costs, and ensuring accessibility. The future is poised to bring forth significant advancements in the field of biomedicine, particularly in the areas of new mAbs, personalized medicine, and precision immunotherapy. In conclusion, mAb-based immunotherapy has promise in revolutionizing the treatment of TNBC, hence providing a possible avenue for enhanced patient outcomes and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirreza Khalaji
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Connective Tissue Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sara Hadad
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amirreza Jabbaripour Sarmadian
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Connective Tissue Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ojaghlou
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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39
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Mirza L, Steventon L, Roylance R, Hughes C, Creed C, Morris E, Purcell I, Frank S, Masters N, Chambers P. Regional differences in neo/adjuvant chemotherapy timing in patients with early-stage triple-negative breast cancer in England. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2025; 209:139-146. [PMID: 39283369 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-024-07480-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2025]
Abstract
PURPOSE Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive breast cancer histological type that is predictive of poor outcomes, shorter remission periods and reduced survival. TNBC is treated with surgery and neo/adjuvant chemotherapy, with evidence of association between longer periods from surgery to adjuvant chemotherapy (time to chemotherapy, TTC) and poorer survival outcomes. This study investigated regional differences in TTC period between regions and ethnic groups to evaluate equity of care in the English TNBC population. Time from neoadjuvant chemotherapy to surgery (time to surgery, TTS) was also compared between groups. METHODS This retrospective cohort study compared TTC and TTS periods in TNBC patients in England over a two-year period. TTC and TTS were compared by English region and ethnicity, testing for significant differences in treatment pathway timing by these demographics. RESULTS 1347 TNBC patients were included in the study. Significant regional differences in TTC were observed, with the longest median period of 50 days (IQR 36, 83) in the Midlands compared to 38 days (IQR 27, 55) in the North West (p < 0.001). No significant differences in TTS were observed between regions. Ethnicity was not significantly associated with timeliness of neo/adjuvant chemotherapy initiation (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION These findings suggest regional differences in TTC for patients treated with surgery and chemotherapy for TNBC. Given evidence of increased mortality risk as the TTC period increases, the causes of regional disparities warrant further investigation. This study can inform targets for improvement in the delivery of adjuvant chemotherapy in cancer treatment centres in England.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laaeba Mirza
- University College London, School of Pharmacy, Mezzanine Floor, BMA House, Tavistock Square, London, WC1H 9JP, UK.
| | - Luke Steventon
- University College London, School of Pharmacy, Mezzanine Floor, BMA House, Tavistock Square, London, WC1H 9JP, UK
- University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, 250 Euston Road, London, NW1 2PP, UK
| | - Rebecca Roylance
- University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, 250 Euston Road, London, NW1 2PP, UK
- Department of Oncology, UCL Cancer Institute, 72 Huntley Street, London, WC1 6DD, UK
| | - Chantelle Hughes
- University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, 250 Euston Road, London, NW1 2PP, UK
| | - Chiara Creed
- University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, 250 Euston Road, London, NW1 2PP, UK
| | - Emma Morris
- University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, 250 Euston Road, London, NW1 2PP, UK
| | - Ian Purcell
- Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, City Campus, Hucknall Road, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Suzanne Frank
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Wilmslow Rd, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
| | - Neil Masters
- Weston Park Cancer Centre, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Glossop Road, Sheffield, S10 2JF, UK
| | - Pinkie Chambers
- University College London, School of Pharmacy, Mezzanine Floor, BMA House, Tavistock Square, London, WC1H 9JP, UK
- University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, 250 Euston Road, London, NW1 2PP, UK
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Topçul MR, Çetin İ, Pulat E, Çalişkan M. Comparison of the effects of crizotinib as monotherapy and as combination therapy with butyric acid on different breast cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2025; 29:38. [PMID: 39530008 PMCID: PMC11551694 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2024.14784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 10/10/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there have been significant developments using combined therapies in cancer treatment. The present study aimed to determine the effects of using crizotinib alone and in combination with butyric acid on different types of breast cancer cells. A total of three different breast cancer models were used: MDA-MB-231, a triple negative model; MCF-7, a Luminal A model; and SKBR-3 cell line, a human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive model. In the experiments, proliferation rates and cell index values were obtained using the xCELLigence RTCA DP System, and mitotic index, bromodeoxyuridine labeling index and caspase activity were evaluated as cell kinetics parameters. The results showed that while proliferation rates, cell index values, mitotic index and bromodeoxyuridine labeling index decreased, caspase activity values increased. These results demonstrated that the combined application was more effective than the monotherapy application and could be used at lower concentrations than those drugs applied as monotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet R Topçul
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34459, Turkey
| | - İdil Çetin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34459, Turkey
| | - Ercan Pulat
- Division of Biology, Institute of Graduate Studies In Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34459, Turkey
| | - Mahmut Çalişkan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34459, Turkey
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Han H, Yang M, Wen Z, Mei F, Chen Q, Ma Y, Lai X, Zhang Y, Fang R, Yin T, Sun S, Wang X, Qi J, Lin H, Yang Y. Trametinib and M17, a novel small molecule inhibitor of AKT, display a synergistic antitumor effect in triple negative breast cancer cells through the AKT/mTOR and MEK/ERK pathways. Bioorg Chem 2025; 154:107981. [PMID: 39591692 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2024] [Revised: 11/02/2024] [Accepted: 11/17/2024] [Indexed: 11/28/2024]
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is associated with a poor prognosis and limited response to traditional chemotherapy, necessitating the exploration of novel treatment approaches. Recent researches have highlighted the interconnected roles of the PI3K/AKT pathway and MAPK pathway in TNBC cells, contributing to the efficacy of treatments. Therefore, the concurrent inhibition of both pathways presents a potential new therapeutic strategy for TNBC patients. This study aimed to evaluate the antitumor efficacy of M17, an AKT allosteric inhibitor and a new synthesized shikonin derivative, both alone and in combination with the MEK inhibitor trametinib. We applied various cellular assays and a subcutaneous 4T1 tumor bearing BALB/c mice model were utilized to assess the in vitro and in vivo antitumor effects. Computational docking and Bio-Layer Interferometry (BLI) were employed to investigate the binding of M17 with AKT. Additionally, flow cytometry, transwell assays, western blotting, and tumor xenograft assays were conducted to explore the potential synergistic mechanisms of the combined therapy. The results demonstrated that M17 exhibited moderate antitumor activity against TNBC cells, but significantly enhanced the apoptotic effects and inhibited proliferation and migration when combined with trametinib. Furthermore, the combination of M17 and trametinib showed even more pronounced antitumor activity in vivo. Mechanistically, the dual therapy synergistically suppressed TNBC by targeting the AKT/mTOR and MEK/ERK signaling pathways and inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition. In conclusion, the findings suggested that the combination of M17 and trametinib holds promise as a synergistic treatment option for TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Han
- School of Life Sciences and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Second Normal University, Nanjing 210013, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Minkai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Zhongling Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Feng Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Qingqing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yudi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xiaohui Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yahan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Rongjun Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Tongming Yin
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Shucun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jinliang Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Hongyan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China.
| | - Yonghua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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Zhong G, Shen Q, Zheng X, Yu K, Lu H, Wei B, Cui H, Dai Z, Lou W. CPSF4-mediated regulation of alternative splicing of HMG20B facilitates the progression of triple-negative breast cancer. J Transl Med 2024; 22:1149. [PMID: 39731153 PMCID: PMC11673668 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-06004-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 12/17/2024] [Indexed: 12/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrant alternative splicing (AS) contributes to tumor progression. A crucial component of AS is cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor 4 (CPSF4). It remains unclear whether CPSF4 plays a role in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) progression through AS regulation. In this study, our objective is to investigate the prognostic value of CPSF4 and pinpoint pivotal AS events governed by CPSF4 specifically in TNBC. METHODS We examined the expression levels and prognostic implications of CPSF4 in patients diagnosed with TNBC through public databases. CPSF4-interacting transcripts, global transcriptome, and alternative splicing were captured through RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (RIP-seq) and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). The top 10 CPSF4-regulated alternative splicing events (ASEs) were validated using qRT-PCR. TNBC cells transfected with high mobility group 20B (HMG20B) siRNA were subjected to CCK-8 and transwell assays. RESULTS In TNBC, CPSF4 exhibited heightened expression levels and was correlated with unfavorable prognosis. Overexpression of CPSF4 significantly promoted colony formation and migration, whereas knockdown of CPSF4 had the opposite effect. Inhibition of CPSF4 altered the transcriptome profile of MDA-MB-231 cells. CPSF4-regulated numerous genes showed enrichment in cancer-related functional pathways, including mRNA processing, cell cycle, RNA transport, mRNA surveillance pathway, and apoptosis. CPSF4-regulated ASEs were highly validated by qRT-PCR. CPSF4 modulated selective splicing events by inhibiting alternative 3' splice site events of HMG20B and promoted cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. CONCLUSION CPSF4 promotes TNBC progression by regulating AS of HMG20B. These findings contribute to the development of more useful prognostic, diagnostic and potentially therapeutic biomarkers for TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guansheng Zhong
- Department of Breast Surgery, College of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qinyan Shen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Affiliated Dongyang Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Dongyang, 322100, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinli Zheng
- Department of Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat, The 903 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kun Yu
- Department of Head, Neck & Thyroid Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongjiang Lu
- Department of Radiology, The 903 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bajin Wei
- Department of Breast Surgery, College of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haidong Cui
- Department of Breast Surgery, College of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhijun Dai
- Department of Breast Surgery, College of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weiyang Lou
- Department of Breast Surgery, College of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China.
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Zhuo Z, Lu W, Zhang L, Zhang D, Cui Y, Wu X, Mei H, Chang L, Song Q. Transcriptomic analysis reveals potential crosstalk genes and immune relationship between triple-negative breast cancer and depression. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:762. [PMID: 39692924 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-01562-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 11/11/2024] [Indexed: 12/19/2024] Open
Abstract
TNBC, the most aggressive form of breast cancer, lacks accurate and effective therapeutic targets. Immunotherapy presents a promising approach for addressing TNBC. Anxiety and depression are frequently concurrent symptoms in TNBC patients. MDD affects the tumor immune microenvironment of TNBC, with its characteristic genes affecting the pathophysiology of MDD and potentially increasing the risk of TNBC recurrence and metastasis. This study reveals significant differences in T lymphocyte infiltration between high-risk and low-risk TNBC groups based on MDD feature genes. This finding aids in identifying TNBC patients who may benefit from immunotherapy, providing new insights for future TNBC immunotherapy strategies. Our aim is to identify MDD-related genes involved in the pathogenesis of TNBC and to provide predictive biomarkers for TNBC immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhili Zhuo
- Oncology Department, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang'anmen Hospital, No.5 Beixiange, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Wenping Lu
- Oncology Department, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang'anmen Hospital, No.5 Beixiange, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of pathology, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang' anmen Hospital, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Dongni Zhang
- Oncology Department, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang'anmen Hospital, No.5 Beixiange, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Yongjia Cui
- Oncology Department, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang'anmen Hospital, No.5 Beixiange, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Xiaoqing Wu
- Oncology Department, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang'anmen Hospital, No.5 Beixiange, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Heting Mei
- Oncology Department, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang'anmen Hospital, No.5 Beixiange, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Lei Chang
- Oncology Department, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang'anmen Hospital, No.5 Beixiange, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Qingya Song
- Oncology Department, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang'anmen Hospital, No.5 Beixiange, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
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Post KE, Aribindi S, Traeger L, Hall D, Jacobs J, Temel JS, Greer JA. Not out of the woods: perspectives from patients with triple-negative breast cancer. Support Care Cancer 2024; 33:18. [PMID: 39663232 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-024-09084-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 12/09/2024] [Indexed: 12/13/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) are at high risk for breast cancer recurrence and metastatic disease, yet the scholarly literature on the distress and uncertainty of this vulnerable population is limited. This study aimed to characterize the experiences of patients with TNBC and obtain feedback about the development of a supportive care intervention targeted to this population's psychosocial needs. METHODS From 9/2021 to 2/2023, we purposefully recruited 23 patients with stage I-III TNBC who recently completed curative therapy and conducted a parallel mixed qualitative and quantitative study. We conducted in-depth semi-structured interviews regarding the transition from curative therapy to surveillance. Patients also completed self-report measures of fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) (Fear of Cancer Recurrence Inventory Severity) and psychological distress (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; PROMIS Anxiety). RESULTS Patients were, on average, 51 years old (SD = 13.56). Most patients (87.0%) reported elevated FCR (cutoff = 16; M = 18.91; SD = 6.22). Major themes identified in the qualitative interviews included feelings of dissimilarity among other breast cancer survivors, quality of life interference persisting in the surveillance phase, "shifting the focus away from cancer" as a coping strategy, and FCR as a primary concern. Patients also shared preferences for a TNBC-specific supportive care intervention. CONCLUSION Patients with TNBC experience significant challenges during the transition from curative therapy to surveillance and desire psychosocial support during this critical period. These findings illustrate potential intervention targets for a future supportive care intervention tailored to patients with TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E Post
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Yawkey Center, Suite 9A, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Seetha Aribindi
- Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, D.C, USA
| | | | - Daniel Hall
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Yawkey Center, Suite 9A, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jamie Jacobs
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Yawkey Center, Suite 9A, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer S Temel
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Yawkey Center, Suite 9A, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph A Greer
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Yawkey Center, Suite 9A, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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45
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Wang Z, Ma L, Xu J, Jiang C. Editorial: Genetic and cellular heterogeneity in tumors. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1519539. [PMID: 39717843 PMCID: PMC11663938 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1519539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2024] [Accepted: 11/28/2024] [Indexed: 12/25/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zishan Wang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Department of Artificial Intelligence and Human Health, Center for Transformative Disease Modeling, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn Genomics Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Juan Xu
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Chunjie Jiang
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
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46
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Vozgirdaite D, Hervé-Aubert K, Uzbekov R, Chourpa I, Allard-Vannier E. Design, optimization, characterization, and in vitro evaluation of metformin-loaded liposomes for triple negative breast cancer treatment. J Liposome Res 2024; 34:547-561. [PMID: 38459750 DOI: 10.1080/08982104.2024.2321528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Recently, metformin (Met) has shown to have antineoplastic properties in cancer treatment by improving hypoxic tumor conditions, and causing reduction in the synthesis of biomolecules, which are vital for cancer growth. However, as an orally administered drug, Met has low bioavailability and rapid renal clearance. Thus, the goal of this study was to vectorize Met inside liposomes in the context of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), which currently lacks treatment options when compared to other types of breast cancer. Vectorization of Met inside liposomes was done using Bangham method by implementing double design of experiment methodology to increase Met drug loading (minimum-run resolution V characterization design and Box-Behnken design), as it is generally extremely low for hydrophilic molecules. Optimization of Met-loaded liposome synthesis was successfully achieved with drug loading of 190 mg/g (19% w/w). The optimal Met-liposomes were 170 nm in diameter with low PdI (< 0.1) and negative surface charge (-20 mV), exhibiting sustained Met release at pH 7.4. The liposomal Met delivery system was stable over several months, and successfully reduced TNBC cell proliferation due to the encapsulated drug. This study is one the first reports addressing liposome formulation through thin-film hydration using two design of experiment methods aiming to increase drug loading of Met.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiva Vozgirdaite
- UPR 4301 CBM, CNRS, NMNS department, University of Tours, Tours, France
| | | | - Rustem Uzbekov
- Laboratoire Biologie Cellulaire et Microscopie Electronique, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tours, Tours, France
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor Chourpa
- UPR 4301 CBM, CNRS, NMNS department, University of Tours, Tours, France
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47
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Huang F, Wang F, Hu Q, Li Y, Jiang D. PTGR1-mediated immune evasion mechanisms in late-stage triple-negative breast cancer: mechanisms of M2 macrophage infiltration and CD8 + T cell suppression. Apoptosis 2024; 29:2002-2024. [PMID: 39068625 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-024-01991-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous disease characterized by metabolic dysregulation. Tumor cell immune escape plays an indispensable role in the development of TNBC tumors. Furthermore, in the abstract, we explicitly mention the techniques used and enhance the clarity and impact of our findings. "Based on bioinformatics analysis results, we utilized CRISPR/Cas9 technology to knockout the target gene and established a mouse model of breast cancer. Through experiments such as CCK8, scratch assay, and Transwell assay, we further investigated the impact of target gene knockout on the malignant behavior of tumor cells. Subsequently, we conducted immunohistochemistry and Western Blot experiments to study the expression of macrophage polarization and infiltration-related markers and evaluate the effect of the target gene on macrophage polarization. Next, through co-culture experiments, we simulated the tumor microenvironment and used immunohistochemistry staining to observe and analyze the distribution and activation status of M2 macrophages and CD8+ T cells in the co-culture system. We validated in vivo experiments the molecular mechanism by which the target gene regulates immune cell impact on TNBC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, East Campus, No.169 Tianshan Street, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei Province, P. R. China
| | - Fuhe Wang
- Department of General surgery, Hebei Yiling Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050000, P. R. China
| | - Qilu Hu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Heze Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Heze, 274008, P. R. China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, East Campus, No.169 Tianshan Street, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei Province, P. R. China
| | - Da Jiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, East Campus, No.169 Tianshan Street, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei Province, P. R. China.
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Sader D, Zlotver I, Moya S, Calabrese GC, Sosnik A. Doubly self-assembled dermatan sulfate/chitosan nanoparticles for targeted siRNA delivery in cancer therapy. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 680:763-775. [PMID: 39580927 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.11.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2024] [Revised: 11/16/2024] [Accepted: 11/17/2024] [Indexed: 11/26/2024]
Abstract
RNA interference, a naturally occurring regulatory mechanism in which small interfering RNA (siRNA) molecules are responsible for the sequence-specific suppression of gene expression, emerged as one of the most promising gene therapies in cancer. In this work, we investigate a microfluidics double self-assembly method based on micellization and polyelectrolyte complex formation for the encapsulation of siRNA targeting the BIRC5 gene, a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis gene family, that codes for survivin a protein of theinhibitorof apoptosis protein family that is involved in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) proliferation and metastasis within nanoparticles of an amphiphilic chitosan-graft-poly(methyl methacrylate) copolymer and low-molecular weight dermatan sulfate, a polysaccharide targeting the CD44 receptor overexpressed in this tumor. Nanoparticles are spherical and display a hydrodynamic diameter of ∼ 200 nm, as measured by dynamic light scattering and scanning electron microscopy. In addition, these colloidal systems exhibit a strongly negative zeta-potential that confers them excellent physical stability for at least four months owing to electrostatic repulsion and evidences the exposure of the polyanionic dermatan sulfate on the surface. The key role of dermatan sulfate in the active targeting and intracellular delivery of the cargo in the murine breast cancer cell line 4T1, a model of TNBC, is confirmed by confocal laser scanning microscopy and imaging flow cytometry. Finally, the silencing efficiency is demonstrated in 4T1 cell viability, migration, proliferation and spheroid formation assays in vitro. Overall results highlight the promise of this simple, reproducible and scalable method for the nanoencapsulation of siRNA and other therapeutic nucleic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dareen Sader
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Nanomaterials Science, Department of Materials Science and Engineering Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City 320003, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ivan Zlotver
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Nanomaterials Science, Department of Materials Science and Engineering Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City 320003, Haifa, Israel
| | - Sergio Moya
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Graciela C Calabrese
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA) and Instituto de Química Fisicoquímica Biológicas "Prof. Alejandro C. Paladini" (IQUIFIB) UBA - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Junín 956, C1113AAD Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro Sosnik
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Nanomaterials Science, Department of Materials Science and Engineering Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City 320003, Haifa, Israel.
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Karnatak M, Yadav P, Rathi K, Shukla M, Dugam P, Suthakaran S, Rawat V, Hassam M, Pandey A, Maurya RA, Sen D, Debnath S, Das A, Mukhija A, Verma VP. New hydrazide derivatives of N-amino-11-azaartemisinin as promising epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors for therapeutic development in triple-negative breast cancer. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024; 357:e2400466. [PMID: 39267485 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202400466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) treatments, such as DNA-damaging agents like carboplatin, pose considerable human toxicity and may contribute to cancer relapse. Artemisinin derivatives offer a less toxic alternative; however, their specific role in TNBC management remains to be established. To address this gap, computational models were employed to design and evaluate artemisinin-based prototypes as potential TNBC therapeutics, aiming to provide safer and more effective treatment options for this aggressive cancer subtype. Among the series of hydrazide derivatives of azaartemisinin (10a-l) reported herein, compound 10j emerged as the most promising, exhibiting notable cytotoxicity with IC50 values of 1.74 and 1.64 µM against MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells, respectively. The clinically useful drug doxorubicin provided IC50 values of 0.29 and 0.29 µM against MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells, while artemisinin provided IC50 values of 107.30 and 116.60 µM, respectively. Furthermore, putative interactions between the synthesized compounds and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) were identified using molecular docking studies, suggesting a possible mechanism for their anticancer effect. Additionally, to determine the thermodynamic parameters of the interactions between artemisinin, azaartemisinin, and biomolecules, isothermal titration calorimetry experiments were performed. The binding constant value on the order of 104 indicates a comparatively stronger binding affinity of azaartemisinin with human serum albumin (HSA) compared to artemisinin with HSA. These findings support the potential of azaartemisinin derivatives as promising EGFR inhibitors for therapeutic development in TNBC, offering a new avenue for less toxic and more effective cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manvika Karnatak
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Banasthali Newai, Rajasthan, India
| | - Priyanka Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Banasthali Newai, Rajasthan, India
| | - Komal Rathi
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Banasthali Newai, Rajasthan, India
| | - Monika Shukla
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Banasthali Newai, Rajasthan, India
| | - Prachi Dugam
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Shruthi Suthakaran
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Varun Rawat
- Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Mohammad Hassam
- Chemveda Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd., Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Aditi Pandey
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Banasthali Newai, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ram Awatar Maurya
- Applied Organic Chemistry Group, Chemical Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science & Technology, Jorhat, Assam, India
| | - Debanjan Sen
- BCDA College of Pharmacy & Technology, Hridaypur, Barasat, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Sudhan Debnath
- Department of Chemistry, Netaji Subhash Mahavidyalaya, Udaipur, Tripura, India
| | - Amitava Das
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Achal Mukhija
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Banasthali Newai, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ved Prakash Verma
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Banasthali Newai, Rajasthan, India
- Department of Education in Science and Mathematics (DESM), Regional Institute of Education, Bhubaneshwar, Odisha, India
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50
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Pecchi A, Bozzola C, Beretta C, Besutti G, Toss A, Cortesi L, Balboni E, Nocetti L, Ligabue G, Torricelli P. DCE-MRI Radiomic analysis in triple negative ductal invasive breast cancer. Comparison between BRCA and not BRCA mutated patients: Preliminary results. Magn Reson Imaging 2024; 113:110214. [PMID: 39047852 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2024.110214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The research aimed to determine whether and which radiomic features from breast dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) MRI could predict the presence of BRCA1 mutation in patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). MATERIAL AND METHODS This retrospective study included consecutive patients histologically diagnosed with TNBC who underwent breast DCE-MRI in 2010-2021. Baseline DCE-MRIs were retrospectively reviewed; percentage maps of wash-in and wash-out were computed and breast lesions were manually segmented, drawing a 5 mm-Region of Interest (ROI) inside the tumor and another 5 mm-ROI inside the contralateral healthy gland. Features for each map and each ROI were extracted with Pyradiomics-3D Slicer and considered first separately (tumor and contralateral gland) and then together. In each analysis the more important features for BRCA1 status classification were selected with Maximum Relevance Minimum Redundancy algorithm and used to fit four classifiers. RESULTS The population included 67 patients and 86 lesions (21 in BRCA1-mutated, 65 in non BRCA-carriers). The best classifiers for BRCA mutation were Support Vector Classifier and Logistic Regression in models fitted with both gland and tumor features, reaching an Area Under ROC Curve (AUC) of 0.80 (SD 0.21) and of 0.79 (SD 0.20), respectively. Three features were higher in BRCA1-mutated compared to non BRCA-mutated: Total Energy and Correlation from gray level cooccurrence matrix, both measured in contralateral gland in wash-out maps, and Root Mean Squared, selected from the wash-out map of the tumor. CONCLUSIONS This study showed the feasibility of a radiomic study with breast DCE-MRI and the potential of radiomics in predicting BRCA1 mutational status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annarita Pecchi
- Division of Radiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41224 Modena, Italy
| | - Chiara Bozzola
- Division of Radiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41224 Modena, Italy
| | - Cecilia Beretta
- Division of Radiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41224 Modena, Italy
| | - Giulia Besutti
- Division of Radiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41224 Modena, Italy; Radiology Unit, Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Laboratory Medicine, AUSL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Via Risorgimento 80, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - Angela Toss
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41224 Modena, Italy
| | - Laura Cortesi
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41224 Modena, Italy
| | - Erica Balboni
- Medical Physics Unit, University Hospital of Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Luca Nocetti
- Medical Physics Unit, University Hospital of Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Guido Ligabue
- Division of Radiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41224 Modena, Italy
| | - Pietro Torricelli
- Division of Radiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41224 Modena, Italy
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