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2021 Update on Diagnostic Markers and Translocation in Salivary Gland Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136771. [PMID: 34202474 PMCID: PMC8269195 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Salivary gland tumors are a rare tumor entity within malignant tumors of all tissues. The most common are malignant mucoepidermoid carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, and acinic cell carcinoma. Pleomorphic adenoma is the most recurrent form of benign salivary gland tumor. Due to their low incidence rates and complex histological patterns, they are difficult to diagnose accurately. Malignant tumors of the salivary glands are challenging in terms of differentiation because of their variability in histochemistry and translocations. Therefore, the primary goal of the study was to review the current literature to identify the recent developments in histochemical diagnostics and translocations for differentiating salivary gland tumors.
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Grasl S, Janik S, Grasl MC, Pammer J, Formanek M, Weinreb I, Perez-Ordonez B, Hope A, Hosni A, de Almeida JR, Irish J, Gilbert R, Goldstein DP, Erovic BM. Nodal Metastases in Acinic Cell Carcinoma of the Parotid Gland. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8091315. [PMID: 31461946 PMCID: PMC6780641 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8091315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcome of patients with acinic cell carcinomas of the parotid gland after elective neck dissection (END). A retrospective chart review was performed including 66 patients with acinic cell carcinoma of the parotid gland. Clinical parameters were retrieved and statistically analyzed regarding disease-free survival (DFS) and disease-specific survival (DSS). An END was done in 27 (40.9%) patients, and occult metastases were detected in 4 (14.8%) patients of whom three were low-grade carcinoma. Positive neck nodes were associated with significantly worse DSS (p = 0.05). Intermediate and high-grade carcinoma (HR 8.62; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.69-44.01; p = 0.010), perineural invasion (HR 19.6; 95%CI: 0.01-0.37; p = 0.003) and lymphovascular invasion (HR 10.2; 95%CI: 0.02-0.59; p = 0.011) were worse prognostic factors for DFS. An END should be considered in patients with acinic cell carcinoma of the parotid gland due to (i) a notable rate of occult neck metastases in low-grade tumors and (ii) the worse DSS of patients with positive neck nodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Grasl
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Janik
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthaeus C Grasl
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Pammer
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1097 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Formanek
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Phonetics, Hospital of St. John of God, 1020 Vienna, Austria
- Sigmund Freud University, Medical School, 1020 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ilan Weinreb
- Department of Pathology, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Bayardo Perez-Ordonez
- Department of Pathology, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Andrew Hope
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Ali Hosni
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - John R de Almeida
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G2C4, Canada
| | - Jon Irish
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G2C4, Canada
| | - Ralph Gilbert
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G2C4, Canada
| | - David P Goldstein
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G2C4, Canada.
| | - Boban M Erovic
- Institute of Head and Neck Diseases, Evangelical Hospital Vienna, 1180 Vienna, Austria.
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Seccia V, Navari E, Donadio E, Boldrini C, Ciregia F, Ronci M, Aceto A, Dallan I, Lucacchini A, Casani AP, Mazzoni MR, Giusti L. Proteomic Investigation of Malignant Major Salivary Gland Tumors. Head Neck Pathol 2019; 14:362-373. [PMID: 31098787 PMCID: PMC7235111 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-019-01040-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to define the proteome profile of fine needle aspiration (FNA) samples of malignant major salivary gland tumors (MSGT) compared to benign counterparts, and to evaluate potential clinical correlations and future applications. Patients affected by MSGT (n = 20), pleomorphic adenoma (PA) (n = 37) and Warthin's tumor (WT) (n = 14) were enrolled. Demographic, clinical and histopathological data were registered for all patients. FNA samples were processed to obtain the protein extracts. Protein separation was obtained by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) and proteins were identified by mass spectrometry. Western blot analysis was performed to validate the 2-DE results. Statistical differences between groups were calculated by the Mann-Whitney U test for non-normal data. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was calculated to evaluate correlations among suggested protein biomarkers and clinical parameters. Twelve and 27 differentially expressed spots were found for MSGT versus PA and MSGT versus WT, respectively. Among these, annexin-5, cofilin-1, peptidyl-prolyl-cis-trans-isomerase-A and F-actin-capping-alpha-1 were able to differentiate MSGT from PA, WT, and healthy samples. Moreover, STRING analysis suggested cofilin-1 as a key node of protein interactions. Some of the overexpressed proteins are related to some clinical factors of our cohort, such as survival and outcome. Our results suggest potential protein biomarkers of MSGT, which could allow for more appropriate treatment plans, as well as shedding light on the molecular pathways involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Seccia
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, ENT Section, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Elena Navari
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, ENT Section, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Elena Donadio
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Federica Ciregia
- Department of Rheumatology, GIGA Research, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Liège, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Maurizio Ronci
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Antonio Aceto
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Iacopo Dallan
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, ENT Section, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonio Lucacchini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Augusto Pietro Casani
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, ENT Section, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Laura Giusti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy ,School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino, Italy
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Vyskocil E, Pammer J, Altorjai G, Grasl MC, Parzefall T, Haymerle G, Janik S, Perisanidis C, Erovic BM. Dysregulation of ß-catenin, WISP1 and TCF21 predicts disease-specific survival and primary response against radio(chemo)therapy in patients with locally advanced squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck. Clin Otolaryngol 2019; 44:263-272. [PMID: 30615266 DOI: 10.1111/coa.13281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine the prognostic and predictive impact of β-catenin, TCF21 and WISP1 expression in patients with squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck who underwent primary radiotherapy or concomitant chemoradiotherapy. STUDY DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING University hospital. PARTICIPANTS Protein expression profiles of β-catenin, TCF21, WISP1 and p16 were determined by immunohistochemical analyses in tissue samples of 59 untreated patients. Expression was correlated with different outcome parameters. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Impact of TNM classification, grading, sex, age, gender, type of therapy, response to therapy and p16 status on disease-specific (DSS) and disease-free survival (DFS). RESULTS Patients with high expression of TCF21 were associated with significantly worse disease-specific survival (P = 0.005). In a multivariable analysis, TCF21 was a significant determinant of disease-specific survival. (HR 3.01; P = 0.036). Conversely, low expression of β-catenin (P = 0.025) and WISP1 (P = 0.037) revealed a better response to radiotherapy. CONCLUSION Since data show that TCF21 is a prognostic factor for disease-specific survival and WISP1 and ß-catenin are predictive factors for clinical outcome after definitive radiotherapy, further studies are warranted to prove these preliminary but very promising findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erich Vyskocil
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Pammer
- Clinical Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Matthaeus Ch Grasl
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Parzefall
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Haymerle
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Janik
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christos Perisanidis
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental School of Athens, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Boban M Erovic
- Institute of Head and Neck Diseases, Evangelical Hospital Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Abstract
In continuation with the previous review on “β-catenin in health”, in this review we discuss the role of β-catenin in the pathogenesis of common oral lesions in the oral and maxillofacial region- oral potentially malignant disorders, their progression to oral squamous cell carcinoma, salivary gland tumors and odontogenic tumours. This review is based on a pubmed search of all the lesions included in the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharada Prakash
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, AECS Maaruti College of Dental Sciences and Research Center, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Uma Swaminathan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, AECS Maaruti College of Dental Sciences and Research Center, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - B R Nagamalini
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, AECS Maaruti College of Dental Sciences and Research Center, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Ashwini Balkuntla Krishnamurthy
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, AECS Maaruti College of Dental Sciences and Research Center, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Wang H, Fundakowski C, Khurana JS, Jhala N. Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy of Salivary Gland Lesions. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2016; 139:1491-7. [PMID: 26619021 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2015-0222-ra] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is a well-established diagnostic approach for salivary gland lesions; however, lack of a standard system of terminology for classification of salivary gland neoplasms collected by FNA and the relatively high frequency of uncertainty of diagnosis are likely partly responsible for current confusion in the interpretation of these FNA samples. OBJECTIVE To propose a novel classification system for reporting salivary gland FNA samples and summarize recent progress in application of molecular and immunohistochemical markers in selected salivary gland neoplasms. DATA SOURCES Literature review and authors' personal practice experience. CONCLUSIONS The new classification system provides a more succinct, standardized interpretation of results and will ultimately assist in communication between clinicians, clinical decision making, and preoperative patient counseling. Impressive advances have been made in recent years in the understanding of molecular pathogenesis of salivary gland tumors. With the newly acquired diagnostic tools, significant improvement in diagnostic accuracy of salivary gland FNA can certainly be expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Wang
- From the Departments of Pathology (Drs Wang, Khurana, and Jhala) and Otolargyngology (Dr Fundakowski), Temple University Hospital, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Abstract
Globally, greater than 30 million individuals are afflicted with disorders of the nervous system accompanied by tens of thousands of new cases annually with limited, if any, treatment options. Erythropoietin (EPO) offers an exciting and novel therapeutic strategy to address both acute and chronic neurodegenerative disorders. EPO governs a number of critical protective and regenerative mechanisms that can impact apoptotic and autophagic programmed cell death pathways through protein kinase B (Akt), sirtuins, mammalian forkhead transcription factors, and wingless signaling. Translation of the cytoprotective pathways of EPO into clinically effective treatments for some neurodegenerative disorders has been promising, but additional work is necessary. In particular, development of new treatments with erythropoiesis-stimulating agents such as EPO brings several important challenges that involve detrimental vascular outcomes and tumorigenesis. Future work that can effectively and safely harness the complexity of the signaling pathways of EPO will be vital for the fruitful treatment of disorders of the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Maiese
- Cellular and Molecular Signaling, Newark, New Jersey 07101
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Vingerhoedt SI, Hauben E, Hermans R, Vander Poorten VL, Nuyts S. Elevated carcinoembryonic antigen tumour marker caused by head and neck cancer: a case report and literature study. Cancer Radiother 2014; 19:106-10. [PMID: 25457791 DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2014.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Carcinoembryonic antigen is a tumour marker commonly increased in gastrointestinal and pulmonary cancers. We report a case of a 46-year-old man with a mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the base of tongue with an elevated and traceable serum carcinoembryonic antigen level. This antigen proved to be a valuable marker in the treatment follow-up. When a raised carcinoembryonic antigen level is found, salivary gland malignancies should be taken into the differential diagnosis and clinical examination of the head and neck region should not be overlooked.
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Affiliation(s)
- S I Vingerhoedt
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - E Hauben
- Department of Pathology and Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - R Hermans
- Department of Radiology and Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - V L Vander Poorten
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - S Nuyts
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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