The effect of locally administered phenytoin on wound healing in an experimental nasal septal perforation animal model

Effects of Myroxylon pereirae, Phenytoin, and Clinoptilolite After Pharyngocutaneous Fistula: An Experimental Animal Model

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study was to conduct a comparative evaluation of the effects of Myroxylon pereirae (MP), phenytoin, and clinoptilolite on wound healing in an experimental animal model for the treatment of pharyngocutaneous fistula (PCF).

STUDY DESIGN

Prospective controlled animal study.

SETTING

Animal laboratory.

METHODS

Forty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to one of four groups: sham control group, MP group, phenytoin group, and clinoptilolite group. A PCF was created in each rat via surgical intervention, followed by a course of topical treatment administered twice daily for a period of 7 days. The healing of the fistula was evaluated both macroscopically and histopathologically.

RESULTS

Macroscopic fistulae developed in 90% of the control group, 18% of the MP group, and 27% of the phenytoin group (P = .005). The phenytoin group had the lowest inflammation scores, which were significantly lower than the clinoptilolite and control groups (P = .006 and P = .001). The MP group had the highest levels of fibroblast proliferation and collagen accumulation (P < .001 and P = .001, respectively). The level of inflammation and amount of fibroblast proliferation, angiogenesis, and collagen accumulation in the clinoptilolite group was lower than in the control group, but none of these differences were significant statistically.

CONCLUSION

MP and phenytoin improved the healing of PCF, particularly by reducing the inflammation and promoting the of fibroblast proliferation and collagen accumulation. Clinoptilolite did not demonstrate a notable advantage in any of these parameters. These findings suggest that MP and phenytoin may serve as potential agents in the management of PCF.

Cutaneous Wound-Healing Activity of Quercetin-Functionalized Bimetallic Nanoparticles

Quercetin, a natural flavonol, is reported to have significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, which further aids in its good wound-healing properties via acting on acute as well as chronic inflammatory phases. The current study is focused on understanding the potential of the green-synthesized iron and zinc oxide bimetallic (i.e., zinc ferrite) nanoparticles of quercetin (ZFQNP) on wound healing by an in vivo study model. Bimetallic quercetin nanoparticles were prepared by the co-precipitation method and characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS) analyses. Synthesized ZFQNP was utilized to prepare the ointment for topical application, and wound-healing activity was evaluated by using the excisional wound method in Wistar rats. The binding affinity of quercetin was ascertained against various wound-healing protein targets by molecular docking. Characterization data confirmed the synthesis of bimetallic ZFQNP of an irregular shape. Molecular docking studies showed satisfactory binding potential of quercetin with selected molecular targets. The study results of various parameters corroborated the significant wound-healing properties of ZFQNP, possibly attributed to the promising binding potential of quercetin with vital wound-healing targets. The study demonstrated that the quercetin bimetallic nanoparticles could provide a promising wound-healing effect.

A Novel Effect of Allium tuncelianum Extract: Topical Application Improves Wound Healing in a Nasal Septal Perforation Rat Model

Objective

The objective of the current study was to investigate the influence of Allium tuncelianum (AT) extract on wound healing in a nasal septum perforation (NSP) model.

Methods

Twenty-two healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were included in this study and separated into two groups. A standardized NSP was created in each subject. A 0.09% saline (control group) and the 25% AT solution (study group) were delivered intranasally daily for 14 days. At the end of the experiment, the subjects were sacrificed and the septa were excised for histopathological investigation. The macroscopic closure rate of NSP, intranasal pH, counts of acute inflammatory cells, eosinophil, fibroblast, and giant cell, epithelial regeneration and degeneration, vascularization, granulation formation, collagen density, cartilage regeneration, and degeneration were examined. The obtained data were analyzed statistically.

Results

The macroscopic closure rate (p = 0.006), the fibroblast number (p = 0.003), vascularization (p = 0.003), collagen density (p = 0.044), and granulation tissue amount (p = 0.022) were found to be significantly higher in AT group. However, the acute inflammatory cells count was significantly lower in AT group (p = 0.031) (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

The topically delivered AT extract may improve wound healing in an experimental NSP model. Consequently, the local application of AT might be promising to prevent the formation of NSP.

Evaluation and comparison of the efficacy and safety of the combination of topical phenytoin and microneedling with microneedling alone in the treatment of atrophic acne scars: A controlled blinded randomized clinical trial

INTRODUCTION

Severe acne breakouts often lead to atrophic acne scars, which affect millions of people worldwide and can significantly affect a person's self-confidence and self-image. Given the difficulty in treating atrophic acne scars, this study aims to investigate the efficacy of topical phenytoin in the treatment of atrophic acne scars.

METHOD

This split face clinical trial on 25 patients between the ages of 18 and 40 involved the application of microneedling on one side of the face, with three sessions taking place over the course of a month. On the other side, a 1% phenytoin cream was administered three times daily for 1 week following the microneedling procedure. Baseline information was collected for all patients, and follow-up assessments were conducted during the treatment sessions and 2 months after the last session. The assessments included evaluating the number and area of pores and spots, determining scar severity, assessing patient satisfaction, and recording any potential complications.

RESULTS

Among patients, 20 individuals (80%) were females, and the average age of the participants was 35.96 ± 9.23. In terms of the fine pore area, despite the fine pore count, both groups showed improvement over time (p: 0.03 vs. 0.06). Also, regarding large pore count and area, and the count and area of spots, both groups showed improvement over time (p: 0.001). However, there were no significant differences between the two groups (p > 0.05). On the other hand, when it comes to acne scar grade and patients' satisfaction, the phenytoin group outperformed the control group in all follow-up sessions and this difference was found to be significant (p: 0.001). It is worth noting that no complications were observed among any of the patients.

CONCLUSION

It appears that combining phenytoin cream with microneedling has a more effective therapeutic outcome in enhancing atrophic acne scars, when compared to microneedling alone, and this method can be regarded as a viable alternative in treating these types of scars.

Effect of basic fibroblast growth factor with collagen/gelatin fixture in a rabbit model of nasal septum perforation

Introduction

The treatment of nasal septum perforation solely by surgical intervention presents significant challenges. This study evaluated the effect of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in combination with collagen/gelatin on wound healing of nasal septum perforation in a rabbit animal model.

Methods

A nasal septum perforation rabbit model was created. bFGF was added to a collagen/gelatin fixture and placed adjacent to the perforation, which is a complete defect. The rabbits were divided into three groups: the sham group that underwent the surgical procedure only, bFGF (-) group that received collagen/gelatin fixture without bFGF, and bFGF(+) group that received collagen/gelatin fixture with bFGF. The dimensions of the perforations were measured after 4 weeks, and the septum was subjected to histological examination.

Results

All perforations remained open in the sham group (closure rate: 20.4%-83.1%). The closure rates of the bFGF(-) and bFGF(+) groups were 49.4%-68.8% and 72.7%-100%, respectively. No significant difference was noted in the closure rates between the sham and bFGF(-) groups; however, significant differences were observed between the sham and bFGF(+) groups, and the bFGF(-) and bFGF(+) groups (p < 0.05), indicating that bFGF promoted perforation closure.

Conclusions

The study demonstrated that bFGF with collagen/gelatin carrier promoted wound healing in a rabbit model of nasal septum perforation.

The Efficacy of Topical Lactoferrin on Wound Healing in an Experimental Animal Model of Nasal Septum Perforation

The aim of the present experimental animal study was to investigate the efficacy of bovine lactoferrin (LF) on wound healing in an animal model of nasal septum perforation (NSP).Twenty-two, 8 to 10 weeks of age, male Sprague-Dawley rats were separated into two groups. Nasal septum perforation was created in each rat. The saline (control) and 0.05 mg LF (study) groups were delivered locally for 14 days. On the 14th day of the study, after the sacrifice, the cartilage nasal septa of the animals were excised. The degeneration and regeneration observed in the nasal septum epithelium and cartilage, the number of acute inflammatory cells, the number of eosinophils, the amount of new vessel formation, the amount of granulation, and the collagen density were examined microscopically. The microscopic parameters and macroscopic healing of NSPs were analyzed. The epithelium regeneration, the fibroblast number, the granulation tissue formation, the collagen density, and the macroscopic healing were significantly higher in the LF group (p < 0.05). Besides, the acute inflammatory cell count was lower in the LF group (p = 0.034). In conclusion, the topically delivered LF can improve wound healing in an experimental rat model of NSP.

The Effect of Melatonin on Nasal Septal Wound Healing in an Experimental Animal Model

The purpose of our study was to examine the effect of melatonin (MLT) on wound healing in the nasal septum. Twenty-two Sprague-Dawley rats of the male sex were included in this experimental study. Nasal septal perforation (NSP), about 2 mm in diameter, was formed in each rat. MLT was applied topically to the subjects in the study group and saline was applied topically to the subjects in the control group once a day for 14 days. On day 14, the rats were sacrificed and the nasal septums of the subjects were resected for pathological evaluation. In the NSP area, degeneration and regeneration of nasal septal epithelium; degeneration and regeneration of the septal cartilage; number of cells involved in wound healing such as acute inflammatory cells (leukocytes), fibroblast, eosinophil, and giant cell; capillary vessel intensity; granulation tissue formation; and collagen intensity parameters were evaluated histopathologically. The macroscopic size and histopathologic examination results of NSPs were statistically analyzed. In the MLT group, the epithelium regeneration, cartilage regeneration, fibroblast number, collagen density, vascularity, and granulation formation were significantly higher, and the epithelial degeneration and acute inflammatory cells density were significantly lower, in the NSP area (p < 0.05). In addition, macroscopic healing was significantly higher in the MLT group (p = 0.044 and <0.05). Local application of MLT accelerates nasal septal wound healing. With this feature, the usage of MLT can be promising to prevent the formation of NSP.

The Wound-Healing Potential of Olea europaea L. Cv. Arbequina Leaves Extract: An Integrated In Vitro, In Silico, and In Vivo Investigation

Olea europaea L. Cv. Arbequina (OEA) (Oleaceae) is an olive variety species that has received little attention. Besides our previous work for the chemical profiling of OEA leaves using LC−HRESIMS, an additional 23 compounds are identified. An excision wound model is used to measure wound healing action. Wounds are provided with OEA (2% w/v) or MEBO® cream (marketed treatment). The wound closure rate related to vehicle-treated wounds is significantly increased by OEA. Comparing to vehicle wound tissues, significant levels of TGF-β in OEA and MEBO® (p < 0.05) are displayed by gene expression patterns, with the most significant levels in OEA-treated wounds. Proinflammatory TNF-α and IL-1β levels are substantially reduced in OEA-treated wounds. The capability of several lignan-related compounds to interact with MMP-1 is revealed by extensive in silico investigation of the major OEA compounds (i.e., inverse docking, molecular dynamics simulation, and ΔG calculation), and their role in the wound-healing process is also characterized. The potential of OEA as a potent MMP-1 inhibitor is shown in subsequent in vitro testing (IC50 = 88.0 ± 0.1 nM). In conclusion, OEA is introduced as an interesting therapeutic candidate that can effectively manage wound healing because of its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.