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D'Aquino S, Kumar A, Riordan B, Callinan S. Long-term effects of alcohol consumption on anxiety in adults: A systematic review. Addict Behav 2024; 155:108047. [PMID: 38692070 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.108047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite the high prevalence and comorbidity of alcohol consumption and anxiety, it is unclear whether alcohol consumption influences long-term anxiety. This study aimed to systematically review the literature on the long-term longitudinal effects of alcohol consumption on anxiety in adults. METHODS EMBASE, PsychInfo, Medline, and Web of Science databases were systematically searched from inception to April 12th, 2024. Articles analysing the relationship between alcohol consumption and anxiety symptoms or anxiety disorder diagnosis at least three-months later in adults were eligible. Articles were screened and extracted by two independent reviewers with study quality assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. RESULTS From 884 records, eight studies of mixed quality met inclusion criteria. One study using a sample representative of the USA population found low volume consumption was associated with lower long-term anxiety. All other studies used a convenience sample or a specific medical population sample. The significance and direction of the relationship between alcohol consumption and long-term anxiety in these studies varied, likely due to differences in alcohol consumption thresholds used and populations studied. CONCLUSIONS A paucity of research on the longitudinal effects of alcohol consumption on anxiety was found, highlighting a significant gap in the research literature. Furthermore, existing research, primarily focussed on clinical subpopulations, has yielded mixed results. Further research is needed to explore the longitudinal dose dependent impact of alcohol consumption on anxiety using samples representative of national populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon D'Aquino
- Department of Psychology, La Trobe University, Australia.
| | - Akaash Kumar
- Department of Psychology, La Trobe University, Australia
| | - Benjamin Riordan
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Australia
| | - Sarah Callinan
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Australia
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2
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Hall LM, Moussa-Tooks AB, Sheffield JM. Associations between social engagement, internalizing symptoms, and delusional ideation in the general population. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2024; 59:989-1002. [PMID: 37624462 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-023-02540-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Delusions are a hallmark feature of psychotic disorders and lead to significant clinical and functional impairment. Internalizing symptoms-such as symptoms of depression, anxiety, and trauma exposure-are commonly cited to be related to delusions and delusional ideation and are often associated with deficits in social functioning. While emerging studies are investigating the impact of low social engagement on psychotic-like experiences, little work has examined the relationship between social engagement, internalizing symptoms, and delusional ideation, specifically. METHODS Using general population data from the Nathan Kline Institute-Rockland (NKI-Rockland) database (N = 526), we examined the relationships between self-reported delusional ideation, internalizing symptoms, and social engagement and tested four indirect effect models to understand how these factors interrelate. RESULTS Delusional ideation was significantly associated with both increased internalizing symptoms (r = 0.41, p < 0.001) and lower social engagement (r = - 0.14, p = 0.001). Within aspects of social engagement, perceived emotional support showed the strongest relationship with delusional ideation (r = - 0.17, p < 0.001). Lower social engagement was also significantly associated with increased internalizing symptoms (r = - 0.29, p < 0.001). Cross-sectional models suggest that internalizing symptoms have a significant indirect effect on the association between delusional ideation and social engagement. CONCLUSIONS These findings reveal that elevated delusional ideation in the general population is associated with lower social engagement. Elevated internalizing symptoms appear to play a critical role in reducing engagement, possibly exacerbating delusional thinking. Future work should examine the causal and temporal relationships between these factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Hall
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1601 23rd Ave S, Suite 3057K, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA.
| | - Alexandra B Moussa-Tooks
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1601 23rd Ave S, Suite 3057K, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA
| | - Julia M Sheffield
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1601 23rd Ave S, Suite 3057K, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA
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3
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Akcaoglu Z, Vaessen T, Velthorst E, Lafit G, Achterhof R, Nelson B, McGorry P, Schirmbeck F, Morgan C, Hartmann J, van der Gaag M, de Haan L, Valmaggia L, McGuire P, Kempton M, Steinhart H, Klippel A, Viechtbauer W, Batink T, van Winkel R, van Amelsvoort T, Marcelis M, van Aubel E, Reininghaus U, Myin-Germeys I. The temporal association between social isolation, distress, and psychotic experiences in individuals at clinical high-risk for psychosis. Psychol Med 2024; 54:1684-1692. [PMID: 38179659 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291723003598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychotic experiences (PEs) and social isolation (SI) seem related during early stages of psychosis, but the temporal dynamics between the two are not clear. Literature so far suggests a self-perpetuating cycle wherein momentary increases in PEs lead to social withdrawal, which, subsequently, triggers PEs at a next point in time, especially when SI is associated with increased distress. The current study investigated the daily-life temporal associations between SI and PEs, as well as the role of SI-related and general affective distress in individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis. METHODS We used experience sampling methodology in a sample of 137 CHR participants. We analyzed the association between SI, PEs, and distress using time-lagged linear mixed-effects models. RESULTS SI did not predict next-moment fluctuations in PEs, or vice versa. Furthermore, although SI-related distress was not predictive of subsequent PEs, general affective distress during SI was a robust predictor of next-moment PEs. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that SI and PEs are not directly related on a moment-to-moment level, but a negative emotional state when alone does contribute to the risk of PEs. These findings highlight the role of affective wellbeing during early-stage psychosis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Akcaoglu
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychiatry Research Group, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thomas Vaessen
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychiatry Research Group, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Psychology, Health & Technology, Faculty of Behavioural, Management and Social Sciences (BMS), University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Eva Velthorst
- Department of Research, Community Mental Health Service GGZ Noord-Holland-Noord, Heerhugowaard, The Netherlands
| | - Ginette Lafit
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychiatry Research Group, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Research Group of Quantitative Psychology and Individual Differences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robin Achterhof
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychiatry Research Group, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Barnaby Nelson
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Patrick McGorry
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Frederike Schirmbeck
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, North Holland, Netherlands
- Arkin, Institute for Mental Health, Amsterdam, North Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Craig Morgan
- ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health and Social Epidemiology Research Group, King's College London, London, London, UK
- Health Service and Population Research Department, Centre for Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jessica Hartmann
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Public Mental Health, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Mark van der Gaag
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, North Holland, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychosis Research, Parnassia Psychiatric Institute, The Hague, South Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Lieuwe de Haan
- Department of Early Psychosis, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Amsterdam, North Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Lucia Valmaggia
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Philip McGuire
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Matthew Kempton
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's Health Partners, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Henrietta Steinhart
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychiatry Research Group, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Annelie Klippel
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychiatry Research Group, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Lifespan Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Open University, Heerlen, The Netherlands
| | - Wolfgang Viechtbauer
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Tim Batink
- Department of Lifespan Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Open University, Heerlen, The Netherlands
| | - Ruud van Winkel
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychiatry Research Group, Center for Clinical Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thérèse van Amelsvoort
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Machteld Marcelis
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Institute for Mental Health Care Eindhoven (GGzE), Eindhoven, The Netherlands, https://www.ggze.nl/
| | - Evelyne van Aubel
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychiatry Research Group, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ulrich Reininghaus
- ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health and Social Epidemiology Research Group, King's College London, London, London, UK
- Health Service and Population Research Department, Centre for Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Public Mental Health, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Inez Myin-Germeys
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychiatry Research Group, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Bogudzińska B, Jaworski A, Zajdel A, Skrzypek K, Misiak B. The experience sampling methodology in psychosis risk states: A systematic review. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 175:34-41. [PMID: 38704979 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
The experience sampling method (ESM) is a structured diary technique, which is used to assess thoughts, mood and appraise subjective experiences in daily life. It has been recognized as a useful tool for understanding the characteristics, dynamics, and underlying mechanisms of prodromal symptoms of psychosis. The present systematic review aimed to provide a qualitative synthesis of findings provided by the ESM studies conducted in people with psychosis risk states. A systematic review of the MEDLINE, ERIC, Academic Search Ultimate, and Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition databases, utilizing search terms related to the ESM and the risk of psychosis was conducted. Out of 1069 publication records identified, 77 studies met the inclusion criteria for the review. Data were synthesized around the following topics: 1) assessment of symptoms dynamics and social functioning; 2) assessment of the mechanisms contributing to the emergence of psychotic experiences and 3) assessment of stress sensitivity. The studies have shown that negative emotions are associated with subsequent development of paranoia. The tendency to draw hasty conclusions, aberrant salience, self-esteem, and emotion regulation were the most frequently reported mechanisms associated with the emergence of psychotic experiences. Studies using the ESM also provided evidence for the role of stress sensitivity, in the development of psychotic symptoms. The ESM has widely been applied to studies investigating psychosis risk states, using a variety of protocols. Findings from this systematic review might inform future studies and indicate potential targets for interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogna Bogudzińska
- Departament of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | | | | | | | - Błażej Misiak
- Departament of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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5
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Bell IH, Eisner E, Allan S, Cartner S, Torous J, Bucci S, Thomas N. Methodological Characteristics and Feasibility of Ecological Momentary Assessment Studies in Psychosis: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Schizophr Bull 2024; 50:238-265. [PMID: 37606276 PMCID: PMC10919779 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbad127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) involves completing multiple surveys over time in daily life, capturing in-the-moment experiences in real-world contexts. EMA use in psychosis studies has surged over several decades. To critically examine EMA use in psychosis research and assist future researchers in designing new EMA studies, this systematic review aimed to summarize the methodological approaches used for positive symptoms in psychosis populations and evaluate feasibility with a focus on completion rates. METHODS A systematic review of PubMed, PsycINFO, MEDLINE, Web of Science, EBSCOhost, and Embase databases using search terms related to EMA and psychosis was conducted. Excluding duplicate samples, a meta-analysis was conducted of EMA survey completion rates and meta-regression to examine predictors of completion. RESULTS Sixty-eight studies were included in the review. Characteristics and reporting of EMA methodologies were variable across studies. The meta-mean EMA survey completion computed from the 39 unique studies that reported a mean completion rate was 67.15% (95% CI = 62.3, 71.9), with an average of 86.25% of the sample meeting a one-third EMA completion criterion. No significant predictors of completion were found in the meta-regression. A variety of EMA items were used to measure psychotic experiences, of which few were validated. CONCLUSIONS EMA methods have been widely applied in psychosis studies using a range of protocols. Completion rates are high, providing clear evidence of feasibility in psychosis populations. Recommendations for reporting in future studies are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imogen H Bell
- Orygen The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Emily Eisner
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Zochonis Building, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Greater Manchester Mental Health Foundation NHS Trust, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Sharla Cartner
- Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - John Torous
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sandra Bucci
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Zochonis Building, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Greater Manchester Mental Health Foundation NHS Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Neil Thomas
- Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Vaswani-Bye A, McCain C, Blank JM, Tennison ME, Kopelovich SL. A Thematic Analysis Investigating the Inaugural Psychosis REACH Family Ambassador Peer Training Program. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2024; 20:233-245. [PMID: 38348058 PMCID: PMC10860596 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s432255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Caregivers of loved ones with psychosis are tasked with navigating a barren care landscape for their loved ones and for themselves. The dearth of resources they face has a negative impact on outcomes for caregivers and their loved ones. The Psychosis REACH program, based on principles from Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for psychosis was developed as a community-based resource for families to address this care gap. A role for family peers called the Psychosis REACH Family Ambassadors (pRFAs) was developed to reinforce skill learning for caregivers by utilizing a task-sharing approach. This qualitative study sought to better understand pRFAs' experiences in the inaugural training cohort of this program. Patients and Methods Eleven pRFAs participated in semi-structured interviews with research coordinators via teleconference. Questions assessed the quality of the training, challenges and facilitators experienced in their role, and ways in which the program could be improved and expanded. Using thematic analysis, members of the research team coded interviews individually, discussed codes until consensus was reached, and iteratively developed themes based on codes that clustered based on meaning or content. Results This process identified 5 key themes: The development of hope and recovery, the development of solidarity networks, the challenges of navigating boundaries, preferred pedagogical strategies, and the need for more support. Conclusion Overall, the themes developed from this qualitative analysis demonstrate the value and feasibility of developing a caregiver peer network of pRFAs trained in recovery-oriented care and CBTp-informed skills to support other caregivers. Additionally, they highlight the challenges associated with being in the role of a pRFA and further efforts needed to align training content and learning management systems to the needs of pRFA trainees. These findings highlight the importance of expanding access to family peer training programs for the wellbeing of caregivers and loved ones with psychosis alike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akansha Vaswani-Bye
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Chris McCain
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jennifer M Blank
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mackenzie E Tennison
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sarah L Kopelovich
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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7
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Lüdtke T, Hedelt KS, Westermann S. Predictors of paranoia in the daily lives of people with non-affective psychosis and non-clinical controls: A systematic review of intensive longitudinal studies. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 2023; 81:101885. [PMID: 37354896 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2023.101885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Worrying, self-esteem, sleep problems, anomalous internal experiences, reasoning biases, and interpersonal sensitivity are associated with paranoia. However, no review has examined whether these variables function as predictors of paranoia in everyday life. The present systematic review of intensive longitudinal studies (e.g., experience sampling) examined contemporaneous and time-lagged associations between paranoia and each candidate mechanism in individuals with non-affective psychosis and controls (pre-registration: https://osf.io/uwr9d). METHODS We searched electronic databases, PsyArXiv, and reference lists for studies published since 1994. RESULTS Of n = 5,918 results, n = 54 fulfilled inclusion criteria (n = 43 datasets). Most studies examined individuals with non-affective psychosis (n = 34). Strong evidence emerged for negative affect (subsumed under 'anomalous internal experiences') and sleep problems. For self-esteem, results suggest contemporaneous and lagged effects on paranoia but associations are likely driven by between-person variance. The low number of studies (n = 2 studies each) allowed no conclusions regarding worrying and reasoning biases. Findings on interpersonal sensitivity, which should be interpreted with caution because of the predictor's conceptual overlap with paranoia, indicate contemporaneous effects whereas time-lagged and within-person associations could not be judged due to insufficient data. LIMITATIONS The present review used a narrative data-synthetization and it did not cover outcomes such as hallucinations. CONCLUSIONS Despite convincing evidence for affect and sleep problems, it remains unclear whether affective states are precursors or also consequences of paranoia (vicious circle), and which of the actigraphy measures (sleep time, -efficiency, -fragmentation, etc.) best predicts paranoia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thies Lüdtke
- Department of Human Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
| | | | - Stefan Westermann
- Department of Psychology, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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8
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Bellucci G, Park SQ. Neurocomputational mechanisms of biased impression formation in lonely individuals. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1118. [PMID: 37923876 PMCID: PMC10624906 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05429-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Social impressions are fundamental in our daily interactions with other people but forming accurate impressions of our social partners can be biased to different extents. Loneliness has previously been suggested to induce biases that hinder the formation of accurate impressions of others for successful social bonding. Here, we demonstrated that despite counterfactual evidence, negative first impressions bias information weighting, leading to less favorable trustworthiness beliefs. Lonely individuals did not only have more negative expectations of others' social behavior, but they also manifested a stronger weighting bias. Reduced orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) activity was associated with a stronger weighting bias in lonelier individuals and mediated the relationship between loneliness and this weighting bias. Importantly, stronger coupling between OFC and temporoparietal junction compensated for such effects, promoting more positive trustworthiness beliefs especially in lonelier individuals. These findings bear potential for future basic and clinical investigations on social cognition and the development of clinical symptoms linked to loneliness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Bellucci
- Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, TW20 0EX, UK.
- Department of Psychology I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
| | - Soyoung Q Park
- Department of Psychology I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Decision Neuroscience and Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE), Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Neuroscience Research Center, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetes, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
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9
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Haenschel C, Krupic D, Hoff A, Corr PJ, Gaigg S, Fett AK. Comparing two measures of schizotypy and their relationship with psychological distress in British university students. Early Interv Psychiatry 2023; 17:1095-1106. [PMID: 36669849 DOI: 10.1111/eip.13404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Schizotypy reflects the vulnerability to schizophrenia in the general population. Different questionnaires have been developed to measure aspects of schizotypy. Higher schizotypy scores have also been linked with depression, anxiety, and stress sensitivity. Here we examine the associations of schizotypy with symptoms of depression and anxiety in a sample of university students, using two different measures (N = 271). METHODS A series of confirmatory factor analyses was used to examine two distinct and frequently employed measures of schizotypy: the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE), and the Schizotypy Personality Questionnaire (SPQ). We assessed their relationship with each other and their predictive validity for anxiety, depression, and stress sensitivity. RESULTS Our results indicated the brief 7-factor SPQ (SPQ-BR) factor solution for the SPQ and the 15-item and 3 factor solution for the CAPE (i.e., CAPE-P15) as best fitting models. Particularly the CAPE dimension of persecutory ideation was a strong predictor of anxiety, depression, and stress sensitivity, whereas the SPQ dimensions of no close friends and social anxiety predicted psychological distress and stress in our student sample. CONCLUSIONS Our findings extend earlier work in general and patient samples and point to the importance of understanding the contribution of particularly positive schizotypy symptoms and different interpersonal aspects to psychological distress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dino Krupic
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University in Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Antonia Hoff
- Department of Psychology, City, University of London, London, UK
| | - Philip J Corr
- Department of Psychology, City, University of London, London, UK
| | - Sebastian Gaigg
- Department of Psychology, City, University of London, London, UK
| | - Anne-Kathrin Fett
- Department of Psychology, City, University of London, London, UK
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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10
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Wenzel J, Dreschke N, Hanssen E, Rosen M, Ilankovic A, Kambeitz J, Fett AK, Kambeitz-Ilankovic L. Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) combined with unsupervised machine learning shows sensitivity to identify individuals in potential need for psychiatric assessment. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2023:10.1007/s00406-023-01668-w. [PMID: 37715784 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-023-01668-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Ecological momentary assessment (EMA), a structured diary assessment technique, has shown feasibility to capture psychotic(-like) symptoms across different study groups. We investigated whether EMA combined with unsupervised machine learning can distinguish groups on the continuum of genetic risk toward psychotic illness and identify individuals with need for extended healthcare. Individuals with psychotic disorder (PD, N = 55), healthy individuals (HC, N = 25) and HC with first-degree relatives with psychosis (RE, N = 20) were assessed at two sites over 7 days using EMA. Cluster analysis determined subgroups based on similarities in longitudinal trajectories of psychotic symptom ratings in EMA, agnostic of study group assignment. Psychotic symptom ratings were calculated as average of items related to hallucinations and paranoid ideas. Prior to EMA we assessed symptoms using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the Community Assessment of Psychic Experience (CAPE) to characterize the EMA subgroups. We identified two clusters with distinct longitudinal EMA characteristics. Cluster 1 (NPD = 12, NRE = 1, NHC = 2) showed higher mean EMA symptom ratings as compared to cluster 2 (NPD = 43, NRE = 19, NHC = 23) (p < 0.001). Cluster 1 showed a higher burden on negative (p < 0.05) and positive (p < 0.05) psychotic symptoms in cross-sectional PANSS and CAPE ratings than cluster 2. Findings indicate a separation of PD with high symptom burden (cluster 1) from PD with healthy-like rating patterns grouping together with HC and RE (cluster 2). Individuals in cluster 1 might particularly profit from exchange with a clinician underlining the idea of EMA as clinical monitoring tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Wenzel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nils Dreschke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Esther Hanssen
- Hersencentrum Mental Health Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marlene Rosen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andrej Ilankovic
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Joseph Kambeitz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anne-Kathrin Fett
- Department of Psychology, City, University of London, London, UK.
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Lana Kambeitz-Ilankovic
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
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Bell V, Velthorst E, Almansa J, Myin-Germeys I, Shergill S, Fett AK. Do loneliness and social exclusion breed paranoia? An experience sampling investigation across the psychosis continuum. Schizophr Res Cogn 2023; 33:100282. [PMID: 37006705 PMCID: PMC10064439 DOI: 10.1016/j.scog.2023.100282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The role of loneliness and social exclusion in the development of paranoia is largely unexplored. Negative affect may mediate potential associations between these factors. We investigated the temporal relationships of daily-life loneliness, felt social exclusion, negative affect, and paranoia across the psychosis continuum. Method Seventy-five participants, including 29 individuals with a diagnosis of non-affective psychosis, 20 first-degree relatives, and 26 controls used an Experience Sampling Method (ESM) app to capture the fluctuations in loneliness, feelings of social exclusion, paranoia, and negative affect across a 1-week period. Data were analysed with multilevel regression analyses. Results In all groups, loneliness and feelings of social exclusion were independent predictors of paranoia over time (b = 0.05, p < .001 and b = 0.04, p < .05, respectively). Negative affect predicted paranoia (b = 0.17, p < .001) and partially mediated the associations between loneliness, social exclusion, and paranoia. It also predicted loneliness (b = 0.15, p < .0001), but not social exclusion (b = 0.04, p = .21) over time. Paranoia predicted social exclusion over time, with more pronounced effects in controls (b = 0.43) than patients (b = 0.19; relatives: b = 0.17); but not loneliness (b = 0.08, p = .16). Conclusion Paranoia and negative affect worsen in all groups following feelings of loneliness and social exclusion. This highlights the importance of a sense of belonging and being included for mental well-being. Loneliness, feeling socially excluded, and negative affect were independent predictors of paranoid thinking, suggesting they represent useful targets in its treatment.
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12
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Theisen C, Rosen M, Meisenzahl E, Koutsouleris N, Lichtenstein T, Ruhrmann S, Kambeitz J, Kambeitz-Ilankovic L, Riecher-Rössler A, Chisholm K, Upthegrove R, Antonucci LA, Bertolino A, Pigoni A, Salokangas RKR, Pantelis C, Wood SJ, Lencer R, Falkai P, Hietala J, Brambilla P, Schmidt A, Andreou C, Borgwardt S, Osman N, Schultze-Lutter F. The heterogeneity of attenuated and brief limited psychotic symptoms: association of contents with age, sex, country, religion, comorbidities, and functioning. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1209485. [PMID: 37484669 PMCID: PMC10361815 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1209485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The Attenuated Psychosis Symptoms (APS) syndrome mostly represents the ultra-high-risk state of psychosis but, as does the Brief Intermittent Psychotic Symptoms (BIPS) syndrome, shows a large variance in conversion rates. This may be due to the heterogeneity of APS/BIPS that may be related to the effects of culture, sex, age, and other psychiatric morbidities. Thus, we investigated the different thematic contents of APS and their association with sex, age, country, religion, comorbidity, and functioning to gain a better understanding of the psychosis-risk syndrome. Method A sample of 232 clinical high-risk subjects according to the ultra-high risk and basic symptom criteria was recruited as part of a European study conducted in Germany, Italy, Switzerland, and Finland. Case vignettes, originally used for supervision of inclusion criteria, were investigated for APS/BIPS contents, which were compared for sex, age, country, religion, functioning, and comorbidities using chi-squared tests and regression analyses. Result We extracted 109 different contents, mainly of APS (96.8%): 63 delusional, 29 hallucinatory, and 17 speech-disorganized contents. Only 20 contents (18.3%) were present in at least 5% of the sample, with paranoid and referential ideas being the most frequent. Thirty-one (28.5%) contents, in particular, bizarre ideas and perceptual abnormalities, demonstrated an association with age, country, comorbidity, or functioning, with regression models of country and obsessive-compulsive disorders explaining most of the variance: 55.8 and 38.3%, respectively. Contents did not differ between religious groups. Conclusion Psychosis-risk patients report a wide range of different contents of APS/BIPS, underlining the psychopathological heterogeneity of this group but also revealing a potential core set of contents. Compared to earlier reports on North-American samples, our maximum prevalence rates of contents were considerably lower; this likely being related to a stricter rating of APS/BIPS and cultural influences, in particular, higher schizotypy reported in North-America. The various associations of some APS/BIPS contents with country, age, comorbidities, and functioning might moderate their clinical severity and, consequently, the related risk for psychosis and/or persistent functional disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Theisen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marlene Rosen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Eva Meisenzahl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nikolaos Koutsouleris
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Theresa Lichtenstein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stephan Ruhrmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Joseph Kambeitz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Research Center Jülich, Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience (INM-3), Jülich, Germany
| | - Lana Kambeitz-Ilankovic
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Katharine Chisholm
- Institute for Mental Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychology, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Upthegrove
- Institute for Mental Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Linda A. Antonucci
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience, and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bertolino
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience, and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pigoni
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- MoMiLab Research Unit, IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca, Lucca, Italy
| | | | - Christos Pantelis
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephen J. Wood
- Institute for Mental Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence for Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rebekka Lencer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Peter Falkai
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Jarmo Hietala
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Paolo Brambilla
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Mental Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - André Schmidt
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christina Andreou
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Stefan Borgwardt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Naweed Osman
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Frauke Schultze-Lutter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Dopamine, Psychosis, and Symptom Fluctuation: A Narrative Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10091713. [PMID: 36141325 PMCID: PMC9498563 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10091713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been hypothesized since the 1960s that the etiology of schizophrenia is linked to dopamine. In the intervening 60 years, sophisticated brain imaging techniques, genetic/epigenetic advances, and new experimental animal models of schizophrenia have transformed schizophrenia research. The disease is now conceptualized as a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder expressed phenotypically in four symptom domains: positive, negative, cognitive, and affective. The aim of this paper is threefold: (a) to review recent research into schizophrenia etiology, (b) to review papers that elicited subjective evidence from patients as to triggers and repressors of symptoms such as auditory hallucinations or paranoid thoughts, and (c) to address the potential role of dopamine in schizophrenia in general and, in particular, in the fluctuations in schizophrenia symptoms. The review also includes new discoveries in schizophrenia research, pointing to the involvement of both striatal neurons and glia, signaling pathway convergence, and the role of stress. It also addresses potential therapeutic implications. We conclude with the hope that this paper opens up novel avenues of research and new possibilities for treatment.
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14
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Cohen AS, Rodriguez Z, Warren KK, Cowan T, Masucci MD, Edvard Granrud O, Holmlund TB, Chandler C, Foltz PW, Strauss GP. Natural Language Processing and Psychosis: On the Need for Comprehensive Psychometric Evaluation. Schizophr Bull 2022; 48:939-948. [PMID: 35738008 PMCID: PMC9434462 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbac051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS Despite decades of "proof of concept" findings supporting the use of Natural Language Processing (NLP) in psychosis research, clinical implementation has been slow. One obstacle reflects the lack of comprehensive psychometric evaluation of these measures. There is overwhelming evidence that criterion and content validity can be achieved for many purposes, particularly using machine learning procedures. However, there has been very little evaluation of test-retest reliability, divergent validity (sufficient to address concerns of a "generalized deficit"), and potential biases from demographics and other individual differences. STUDY DESIGN This article highlights these concerns in development of an NLP measure for tracking clinically rated paranoia from video "selfies" recorded from smartphone devices. Patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder were recruited and tracked over a week-long epoch. A small NLP-based feature set from 499 language samples were modeled on clinically rated paranoia using regularized regression. STUDY RESULTS While test-retest reliability was high, criterion, and convergent/divergent validity were only achieved when considering moderating variables, notably whether a patient was away from home, around strangers, or alone at the time of the recording. Moreover, there were systematic racial and sex biases in the model, in part, reflecting whether patients submitted videos when they were away from home, around strangers, or alone. CONCLUSIONS Advancing NLP measures for psychosis will require deliberate consideration of test-retest reliability, divergent validity, systematic biases and the potential role of moderators. In our example, a comprehensive psychometric evaluation revealed clear strengths and weaknesses that can be systematically addressed in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex S Cohen
- Louisiana State University, Department of Psychology, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
- Louisiana State University, Center for Computation and Technology, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Zachary Rodriguez
- Louisiana State University, Department of Psychology, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
- Louisiana State University, Center for Computation and Technology, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Kiara K Warren
- Louisiana State University, Department of Psychology, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Tovah Cowan
- Louisiana State University, Department of Psychology, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Michael D Masucci
- Louisiana State University, Department of Psychology, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Ole Edvard Granrud
- Louisiana State University, Department of Psychology, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Terje B Holmlund
- University of Tromsø—The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway
| | - Chelsea Chandler
- University of Colorado, Institute of Cognitive Science, Boulder, CO, USA
- University of Colorado, Department of Computer Science, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Peter W Foltz
- University of Colorado, Institute of Cognitive Science, Boulder, CO, USA
- University of Colorado, Department of Computer Science, Boulder, CO, USA
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Amendola S, Presaghi F, Teo AR, Cerutti R. Psychometric Properties of the Italian Version of the 25-Item Hikikomori Questionnaire for Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191610408. [PMID: 36012042 PMCID: PMC9408307 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Hikikomori is a form of social withdrawal that is commonly described as having an onset during adolescence, a life stage when other psychiatric problems can also emerge. This study aimed to adapt the 25-item Hikikomori Questionnaire (HQ-25) for the Italian adolescent population, examining its psychometric properties; associations between hikikomori and psychoticism, depression, anxiety, problematic internet use (PIU), psychotic-like experiences (PLEs), to confirm convergent validity of the HQ-25; and the interaction effect between symptoms of hikikomori and PIU in predicting PLEs. Two-hundred and twenty-one adolescents participated in the study. Measures included the HQ-25, the Psychoticism subscale of the Personality Inventory for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, the Depression and Anxiety subscales of the Brief Symptom Inventory, the Internet Disorder Scale, and the Brief Prodromal Questionnaire. Data showed a satisfactory fit for a three-factor model for the HQ-25 that is consistent with the original study on the HQ-25. Three factors (socialization, isolation, and emotional support) were associated with psychopathology measures. Six participants reported lifetime history of hikikomori. Symptoms of hikikomori and PIU did not interact in predicting PLEs. This is the first study to validate the HQ-25 in a population of adolescents. Findings provide initial evidence of the adequate psychometric properties of the Italian version of the HQ-25 for adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Amendola
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology and Health Studies, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Presaghi
- Department of Psychology of Development and Socialization Processes, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Alan Robert Teo
- Center to Improve Veteran Involvement in Care (CIVIC), VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Rita Cerutti
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology and Health Studies, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
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16
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Greenburgh A, Raihani NJ. Paranoia and conspiracy thinking. Curr Opin Psychol 2022; 47:101362. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2022.101362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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17
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Krijnen LJG, Lemmers-Jansen ILJ, Fett AKJ, Krabbendam L. Benefits of Social Contact in Individuals With Psychotic Symptoms: Do Closeness of the Contact and Empathic Skills Make the Difference? Front Psychol 2021; 12:769091. [PMID: 34975658 PMCID: PMC8716939 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.769091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Social contact is known to be beneficial for humans’ mental health. Individuals with psychotic symptoms (PS) tend to show poorer social and interpersonal functioning. However, in this patient population, social contact may be crucial for their mental wellbeing and treatment success. Additionally, closeness of social contact (familiar versus less familiar others), rather than only the presence or absence of social contacts, may play an important role. Empathy may heighten the beneficial effects of social/close contact on mental health, facilitating interactions. We investigated the association between social contact and closeness of contact on mental health, defined as positive symptoms, positive affect and negative affect in PS and control participants, with empathy as a moderator. Methods: Participants were 16–30 years old. Information regarding social/close contact and mental health was obtained using the experience sampling method in individuals with PS (n = 29) and healthy controls (n = 28). Empathy was measured using a self-report questionnaire. Results: Social contact was associated with higher positive affect in the total sample. Contact with close as opposed to less close others was related to better mental health: It was associated with lower positive symptoms in the PS group, and with more positive affect in the total sample. Empathy moderated the association between closeness of contact and positive affect in the total sample, in which the combination of higher levels of empathy combined with the presence of close contact was associated with higher positive affect in the total sample. However, the direct association between empathy and positive affect was not significant per group of contact. Conclusion: The results suggest that social contact, but especially contact with a close other is important for mental health outcomes: Contact with close others is beneficial for positive affect in the total sample and for positive symptoms in individuals with PS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa J. G. Krijnen
- Child and Adolescent Studies, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Lisa J. G. Krijnen,
| | - Imke L. J. Lemmers-Jansen
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Institute for Brain and Behavior (IBBA), Amsterdam, Netherlands
- CSI Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anne-Kathrin J. Fett
- CSI Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychology, City University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lydia Krabbendam
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Institute for Brain and Behavior (IBBA), Amsterdam, Netherlands
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