1
|
Karlsson P, Callinan S, Gmel G, Raninen J. How well do DSM-5 criteria measure alcohol use disorder in the general population of older Swedish adolescents? An item response theory analysis. Addict Behav 2024; 154:108007. [PMID: 38460492 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.108007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study assesses the psychometric properties of DSM-5 criteria of AUD in older Swedish adolescents using item response theory models, focusing specifically on the precision of the scale at the cut-offs for mild, moderate, and severe AUD. METHODS Data from the second wave of Futura01 was used. Futura01 is a nationally representative cohort study of Swedish people born 2001 and data for the second wave was collected when participants were 17/18 years old. This study included only participants who had consumed alcohol during the past 12 months (n = 2648). AUD was measured with 11 binary items. A 2-parameter logistic item response theory model (2PL) estimated the items' difficulty and discrimination parameters. RESULTS 31.8% of the participants met criteria for AUD. Among these, 75.6% had mild AUD, 18.3% had moderate, and 6.1% had severe AUD. A unidimensional AUD model had a good fit and 2PL models showed that the scale measured AUD over all three cut-offs for AUD severity. Although discrimination parameters ranged from moderate (1.24) to very high (2.38), the more commonly endorsed items discriminated less well than the more difficult items, as also reflected in less precision of the estimates at lower levels of AUD severity. The diagnostic uncertainty was pronounced at the cut-off for mild AUD. CONCLUSION DSM-5 criteria measure AUD with better precision at higher levels of AUD severity than at lower levels. As most older adolescents who fulfil an AUD diagnosis are in the mild category, notable uncertainties are involved when an AUD diagnosis is set in this group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Karlsson
- Department of Social Work, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Sarah Callinan
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gerhard Gmel
- Addiction Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 23A, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Research Department, Addiction Switzerland, Avenue Louis-Ruchonnet 14, 1003 Lausanne, Switzerland; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada; Alcohol and Research Unit, University of the West of England, Frenchay Campus, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK
| | - Jonas Raninen
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia; Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
D'Aquino S, Kumar A, Riordan B, Callinan S. Long-term effects of alcohol consumption on anxiety in adults: A systematic review. Addict Behav 2024; 155:108047. [PMID: 38692070 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.108047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite the high prevalence and comorbidity of alcohol consumption and anxiety, it is unclear whether alcohol consumption influences long-term anxiety. This study aimed to systematically review the literature on the long-term longitudinal effects of alcohol consumption on anxiety in adults. METHODS EMBASE, PsychInfo, Medline, and Web of Science databases were systematically searched from inception to April 12th, 2024. Articles analysing the relationship between alcohol consumption and anxiety symptoms or anxiety disorder diagnosis at least three-months later in adults were eligible. Articles were screened and extracted by two independent reviewers with study quality assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. RESULTS From 884 records, eight studies of mixed quality met inclusion criteria. One study using a sample representative of the USA population found low volume consumption was associated with lower long-term anxiety. All other studies used a convenience sample or a specific medical population sample. The significance and direction of the relationship between alcohol consumption and long-term anxiety in these studies varied, likely due to differences in alcohol consumption thresholds used and populations studied. CONCLUSIONS A paucity of research on the longitudinal effects of alcohol consumption on anxiety was found, highlighting a significant gap in the research literature. Furthermore, existing research, primarily focussed on clinical subpopulations, has yielded mixed results. Further research is needed to explore the longitudinal dose dependent impact of alcohol consumption on anxiety using samples representative of national populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon D'Aquino
- Department of Psychology, La Trobe University, Australia.
| | - Akaash Kumar
- Department of Psychology, La Trobe University, Australia
| | - Benjamin Riordan
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Australia
| | - Sarah Callinan
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Torney A, Room R, Jiang H, Huckle T, Holmes J, Callinan S. Where do high-risk drinking occasions occur more often? A cross-sectional, cross-country study. Drug Alcohol Rev 2024. [PMID: 38588278 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The current paper examines the proportion of drinking occasions and total alcohol consumed that takes place at off-premise locations. Comparisons are made between high-income countries: Australia, New Zealand, England and Scotland, and across drinker-types: high-risk and lower-risk. METHODS Data were taken from the International Alcohol Control study in Australia (N = 1789), New Zealand (N = 1979), England (N = 2844) and Scotland (N = 1864). The cross-national survey measures location and beverage-specific alcohol consumption. The number of drinking occasions and mean consumption across on- and off-premise locations and the proportion of drinking occasions that high- and lower-risk drinkers had at on- and off-premise locations was estimated for each country. RESULTS The majority of drinking occasions among high-risk drinkers occurred at off-premise locations across all four countries; Australia 80.1%, New Zealand 72.0%, England 61.7% and Scotland 60.7%. High-risk drinkers in Australia had significantly larger proportions of drinking occasions occurring at off-premise locations compared to England and Scotland. Across all countries, high-risk drinkers and lower-risk drinkers consumed significantly larger quantities of alcohol per occasion at off-premise locations compared to on-premises locations. Finally, the majority of total alcohol consumed occurred at off-premise locations across all countries for high- and lower-risk drinkers. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS As the accessibility to alcohol outside of licensed premises continues to increase, particularly with the expansion of home delivery services, it is important to be mindful of the high proportion of heavy drinking occasions that occur off-premise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Torney
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Robin Room
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Social Research on Alcohol and Drugs, Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Heng Jiang
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Taisia Huckle
- SHORE & Whariki Research Centre, College of Health, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - John Holmes
- Sheffield Alcohol Research Group, Sheffield Centre for Health and Related Research, School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Healthy Lifespan Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Sarah Callinan
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Raninen J, Karlsson P, Callinan S, Norström T. Different measures of alcohol use as predictors of DSM-5 alcohol use disorder among adolescents - A cohort study from Sweden. Drug Alcohol Depend 2024; 257:111265. [PMID: 38492254 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.111265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS This study addresses a significant gap in existing research by investigating the longitudinal relationship between various measures of alcohol use and the development of alcohol use disorders (AUDs) in a cohort of Swedish adolescents. METHODS A prospective longitudinal survey was conducted on 3999 adolescents in Sweden who were in 9th grade in 2017 and were followed up in 2019. Baseline assessments included lifetime alcohol use, recent use (past 30 days), risky drinking (AUDIT-C), and heavy episodic drinking (HED). Follow-up assessments comprised eleven items measuring DSM-5 AUD criteria. The study explores prospective associations between these diverse alcohol use measures and the occurrence of AUD, while also calculating population attributable fractions (PAF). FINDINGS The proportion of alcohol consumers who met the criteria for AUD at follow-up was 31.8%. All baseline measures of alcohol use exhibited associations with subsequent AUD. Notably, the HED group demonstrated the highest prevalence of AUD at 51.4% (p<.001). However, when calculating PAFs, any lifetime alcohol use emerged as the most substantial contributor, accounting for 10.8% of all subsequent AUD cases. CONCLUSIONS This study underscores that alcohol use during mid-adolescence heightens the risk of developing AUD in late adolescence. Among the various measures, heavy episodic drinking presents the highest risk for later AUD. From a public health perspective, preventing any alcohol use emerges as the most effective strategy to mitigate the population-level burden of disease of AUD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Raninen
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Patrik Karlsson
- Stockholm University, Department of Social Work, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sarah Callinan
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Thor Norström
- Stockholm University, Swedish Institute for Social Research, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mojica-Perez Y, Willoughby B, Anderson-Luxford D, Wilkinson C, Kuntsche E, Callinan S, Ritter A. Exploring the relationship between solitary drinking and living without other adults on alcohol consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic. Alcohol Alcohol 2024; 59:agae013. [PMID: 38497163 PMCID: PMC10945291 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agae013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS The COVID-19 pandemic presents the opportunity to learn about solitary drinking as many people were forced to spend time at home. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between solitary drinking and living without other adults on alcohol consumption. METHODS A longitudinal study with four survey waves (between May and November 2020) obtained seven-day drinking diary data from Australian adults living in New South Wales. In May, a convenience sample of 586 participants (Mage = 35.3, SD = 14.8; 65.3% women) completed the first wave. Participants then completed a survey in June (n = 319, 54.4% response rate), July/August (n = 225, 38.4% response rate), and November (n = 222, 37.9% response rate). Information about alcohol consumption including risky drinking (more than four drinks on one occasion), household structure, solitary drinking, and demographics were collected. We conducted random-effects panel bivariate and multivariable regression analyses predicting the number of standard drinks and risky drinking. RESULTS Participants with solitary drinking occasions consumed more and had more risky drinking occasions than participants with no solitary drinking occasions, which was also found to be the case during lockdown. Living without other adults was associated with less consumption and less risky drinking than living with other adults. However, participants who lived without other adults and had frequent solitary drinking occasions (solitary drinking in >50% drinking occasions) reported more consumption than participants without a solitary drinking occasion. CONCLUSIONS Individuals who consume alcohol alone and live without other adults or spend long periods of time at home may be more at risk of alcohol-related harm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yvette Mojica-Perez
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Bree Willoughby
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Dan Anderson-Luxford
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Claire Wilkinson
- Drug Policy Modelling Program, Social Policy Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Emmanuel Kuntsche
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
- Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest 1088, Hungary
| | - Sarah Callinan
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Alison Ritter
- Drug Policy Modelling Program, Social Policy Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Taylor N, Callinan S, Pennay A, Livingston M. Have the personality and socio-demographic profiles of Australian adolescent drinkers changed? Drug Alcohol Rev 2024; 43:604-615. [PMID: 38111210 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adolescent alcohol consumption has been declining across many countries, with rates of abstinence also increasing among younger cohorts. A range of socio-demographic variables and personality traits are associated with alcohol use; however, no study has examined whether the relationship between personality and drinking has changed over time as adolescent drinking has declined. METHODS Data from 15- to 17-year-old respondents were extracted from four waves (2004/2005, 2008/2009, 2012/2013, 2016/2017) of a long running Australian cohort study. Logistic regression analyses with interaction terms were used to determine whether personality traits (openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness and emotional stability) and socio-demographic variables (age, gender, equivalised income, family structure, cultural background, school attendance and regionality) significantly differed between drinkers and abstainers and whether these relationships changed across cohorts. RESULTS The prevalence of drinking for 15- to 17-year-olds significantly declined over each survey wave from 54% in 2004/2005 to 24% in 2016/2017. Conscientiousness (odds ratio [OR] 0.82, confidence interval [CI] = 0.73, 0.93), extraversion ([OR] 1.25, [CI] = 1.11, 1.40) and emotional stability ([OR] 0.73, [CI] = 0.64, 0.83) were all significant predictors of alcohol consumption. No significant interactions between cohort and personality traits or socio-demographic variables were found. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The study found no evidence to indicate that the relationship between adolescent alcohol consumption and personality has changed. Similarly, socio-demographic relationships with drinking were stable as drinking prevalence dropped by more than half. This adds to the evidence that drinking declines among adolescents are spread broadly across the population and not concentrated within identifiable sub-groups of young people.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Taylor
- National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Melbourne, Australia
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Sarah Callinan
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Amy Pennay
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michael Livingston
- National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Melbourne, Australia
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cerocchi N, Mojica-Perez Y, Livingston M, Arunogiri S, Pennay A, Callinan S. Examining the association between psychological distress and alcohol use in Australian adolescents over a period of declining consumption. Drug Alcohol Rev 2024; 43:633-642. [PMID: 37399136 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Youth drinking rates have declined over the past 15 years while self-reported psychological distress has increased, despite a well-recognised positive relationship between the two. The current study aimed to identify changes in the relationship between psychological distress and alcohol use in adolescents from 2007 to 2019. METHODS This study used survey responses from 6543 Australians aged 14-19 years who completed the National Drug Strategy Household Survey in 2007, 2010, 2013, 2016 or 2019. Logistic and multivariable linear regressions with interactions (psychological distress × survey wave) predicted any alcohol consumption, short-term risk and average quantity of standard drinks consumed per day. RESULTS Psychological distress was a positive predictor of alcohol use and this association remained stable across survey waves as alcohol consumption decreased. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The relationship between distress and alcohol consumption remained relatively steady, even as youth drinking declined and distress increased. The proportion of drinkers experiencing distress did not increase as consumption rates dropped, suggesting that the decline in youth drinking is occurring independently of the increase in self-reported and diagnosed mental health issues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Cerocchi
- Department of Psychology, Counselling and Therapy, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yvette Mojica-Perez
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michael Livingston
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
- National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
- Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shalini Arunogiri
- Turning Point, Eastern Health, Melbourne, Australia
- Monash Addiction Research Centre and Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Amy Pennay
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sarah Callinan
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
MacLean S, Caluzzi G, Cook M, Room R, Callinan S. Drinking alcohol at home feels different from drinking in public places: a qualitative study of midlife Australians. Health Place 2024; 86:103179. [PMID: 38367323 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2024.103179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
This paper shows how drinking in one's own home affords different affective experiences to drinking in public settings such as bars, pubs and restaurants. A thematic analysis of interviews with 40 Australians aged 30-65 identified three main variations in alcohol-associated feelings, sensations and urges. Alcohol was used at home to decelerate, but in contrast, people were enlivened when drinking in public venues. Drinking in public generated a sense of vigilance and greater requirement to self-monitor than usually felt necessary at home. For some, drinking at home seemed more habitual; governed by urges rather than intentionality, than drinking outside it did. Policy and interventions that target drinking in the home should be prioritised, such as those focussed on off-premise pricing and availability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah MacLean
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia, 3083; School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia, 3083.
| | - Gabriel Caluzzi
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia, 3083.
| | - Megan Cook
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia, 3083.
| | - Robin Room
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia, 3083; Centre for Social Research on Alcohol and Drugs, Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Sarah Callinan
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia, 3083.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Taylor N, Callinan S, Robinson M. The minimum unit price of alcohol should be indexed for inflation: Lessons from Scotland and Australia. Addiction 2024; 119:397-398. [PMID: 37839861 DOI: 10.1111/add.16373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Taylor
- National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sarah Callinan
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mark Robinson
- Institute for Social Science Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Coomber K, Baldwin R, Taylor N, Callinan S, Wilkinson C, Toumbourou JW, Chikritzhs T, Miller PG. Characteristics of high- and low-risk drinkers who use online alcohol home delivery in Western Australia. Drug Alcohol Rev 2024; 43:407-415. [PMID: 38048164 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Variation in alcohol availability is an important driver of levels of consumption and harm, with recent increases in online alcohol home delivery use expanding availability. There is limited research on the impacts of these changes and the characteristics of consumers who use alcohol home delivery. METHODS This study presents findings from an online survey (n = 465) of Western Australian adults who had purchased alcohol for home delivery within the past 6 months. Analyses compared high-risk and low-risk drinkers on use of, and exposure to, alcohol home delivery. RESULTS Compared to low-risk drinkers, high-risk drinkers were significantly more likely to make more frequent online purchases (odds ratio 5.42), utilise same day delivery (odds ratio 2.91) and purchase through specialised online-only retailers (odds ratio 2.69). High-risk drinkers also reported receiving deliveries while intoxicated more often (odds ratio 11.62), and ordering alcohol for delivery to continue a current drinking session (odds ratio 7.47). High-risk drinkers also received advertising for alcohol home delivery more frequently (odds ratio 1.60) than low-risk drinkers. High-risk drinkers also ordered larger quantities of alcohol than low-risk drinkers (M = 49 vs. 32 standard drinks). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Findings from this study indicate that these services are popular with high-risk drinkers and potentially undermine other policy efforts to reduce drinking. Within Australia, stronger legislation (such as mandatory delay between order and delivery) and monitoring (e.g., test purchasing for compliance) are recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kerri Coomber
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Ryan Baldwin
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Nicholas Taylor
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
- National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sarah Callinan
- Centre for Alcohol Policy and Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Claire Wilkinson
- Drug Policy Modelling Program, Social Policy Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Tanya Chikritzhs
- National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Peter G Miller
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mojica-Perez Y, Livingston M, Pennay A, Callinan S. How did COVID-19 restrictions impact alcohol consumption in Australia? A longitudinal study. Drug Alcohol Rev 2024; 43:465-474. [PMID: 38281267 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The state of Victoria experienced more stringent public health measures than other Australian states during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study investigated how these public health measures impacted: (i) total alcohol consumption; (ii) location-specific consumption; and (iii) consumption among different pre-pandemic drinking groups, in Victoria compared to the rest of Australia during the first year of the pandemic. METHOD A longitudinal study with six survey waves was conducted between April and December 2020. A total of 775 adults completed data on alcohol use, including detailed consumption location information. Based on their 2019 consumption, participants were classified into low, moderate or high-risk groups. Data were analysed descriptively. RESULTS There was no difference in total alcohol consumption from 2019 levels among Victorians and those from the other Australian states when Victoria was the only state in lockdown. Location-specific consumption was relatively similar for Victoria and the rest of Australia, with an increase in home drinking, and a decrease in consumption in someone else's home, licensed premises and public spaces during lockdown compared with 2019. Participants in the high-risk group reported a reduction of two standard drinks per day in November 2020 compared with 2019. In contrast, consumption remained relatively stable for participants in the low and moderate-risk groups once accounting for regression to the mean. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Contrary to expectations, restrictions on licensed premises appeared to impact high-risk drinkers more than low and moderate-risk drinkers. Reducing availability of on-premise alcohol may be an effective way to reduce consumption in heavier drinkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yvette Mojica-Perez
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michael Livingston
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
- National Drug Research Institute and enAble Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Amy Pennay
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sarah Callinan
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Cheers C, Pennay A, de la Piedad Garcia X, Callinan S. Development and Validation of the Cheers Attitudes towards Non-drinkers Scale (CANS). J Health Psychol 2024:13591053231220519. [PMID: 38284405 DOI: 10.1177/13591053231220519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-drinkers report experiencing stigma, which can act as a barrier to non-drinking. Two studies were undertaken to develop and test a new scale to measure attitudes towards non-drinkers. In Study 1, 29 items were presented to 426 Australian drinkers. In Study 2, the refined 12-item Cheers Attitudes to Non-drinkers Scale (CANS) was presented to 389 drinkers. Alcohol consumption, Harm and the Regan Attitudes towards Non-drinkers Scale (RANDS) were presented for scale validation. Exploratory factor analysis revealed three factors representing the Threats to Fun, Connection and Self that drinkers perceive non-drinkers to pose. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the scale meets the required fit indices and had good reliability (α = 0.842). Evidence of validity was shown through significant correlations with Alcohol Consumption, Harm and the RANDS. These studies show the CANS to be a reliable and valid measure that could be utilised to understand and modify the stigma experienced by non-drinkers.
Collapse
|
13
|
Marzan MB, Callinan S, Livingston M, Jiang H. Dose-response relationship between alcohol consumption and workplace absenteeism in Australia. Drug Alcohol Rev 2023; 42:1773-1784. [PMID: 37517043 PMCID: PMC10947312 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Workplace absenteeism is a burden in Australia. The estimated productivity losses due to alcohol were around $4.0 billion in 2017, with absenteeism driving 90% of these costs. We aim to determine the dose-response relationship between average daily alcohol consumption and heavy episodic drinking (HED) frequency and workplace absenteeism amongst Australian workers. METHODS We used the 2019 National Drug Strategy Household Survey of Australian employed workers aged ≥20 years to 69 years old. Respondents' average daily alcohol consumption was categorised into four: abstainers, light to moderate (1-20 g of alcohol/day), risky (>20-40 g of alcohol/day) and high-risk (>40 g of alcohol/day). HED was classified into four frequency measures (never, less than monthly, monthly, weekly). The outcome variables came from dichotomised measures of: (i) absence due to alcohol consumption; and (ii) broader sickness absence-absence due to illness or injury in the previous 3 months. RESULTS Risky (adjusted odds ratio 4.74 [95% CI 2.93-7.64]) and high-risk drinking (adjusted odds ratio 6.61 [95% CI 4.10-10.68]) were linked to increased odds of alcohol-related absence. Higher HED frequency was significantly associated with alcohol-related and broader sickness absenteeism. No significant associations exist between regular alcohol consumption and broader sickness absence in fully adjusted models. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that only HED is linked to broader sickness absence. However, there is a strong dose-response association between alcohol consumption and alcohol-related absences for both consumption measures amongst Australian workers. Population-level policies that reduce alcohol consumption to moderate level and less frequent HED might address workplace absenteeism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melvin Barrientos Marzan
- Centre for Alcohol Policy ResearchLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneAustralia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Melbourne Medical SchoolUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
- Reproductive Epidemiology GroupMurdoch Children's Research InstituteMelbourneAustralia
| | - Sarah Callinan
- Centre for Alcohol Policy ResearchLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| | - Michael Livingston
- Centre for Alcohol Policy ResearchLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneAustralia
- National Drug Research InstituteCurtin UniversityPerthAustralia
- Department of Clinical NeurosciencesKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Heng Jiang
- Centre for Alcohol Policy ResearchLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneAustralia
- Centre for Health Equity, Melbourne School of Population and Global HealthUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
- School of Psychology and Public HealthLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Mugavin J, Room R, Callinan S, MacLean S. How do people drink alcohol at a low-risk level? Health Sociol Rev 2023; 32:311-326. [PMID: 37162256 DOI: 10.1080/14461242.2023.2209090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Reducing the risks associated with drinking is an ongoing public health goal. Approximately two-fifths of Australian adults consume alcohol within low-risk guidelines, yet little is known about their drinking patterns or practices. In this paper, we use social practice theory to consider low-risk drinking at home as a routinised social practice with material, meaning and competence dimensions. We analysed open-text survey responses from 252 Australian adults (30-65, 89% female) who were considered low-risk drinkers. A low-risk drinking occasion was typically closely linked to other practices such as eating dinner or connecting with family or friends. Drinking alcohol, even in small amounts, was associated with enjoyment. Being attuned to bodily sensations and applying some self-imposed rules were competencies that allowed low-risk drinkers to avoid intoxication. Low-risk drinking practices entail some elements that can inform health promotion, including encouraging efforts to limit drinking to times of the day (e.g. during meals) and to attend to bodily feelings of sufficiency. The study also shows how low-risk drinking is entangled with gendered and age-related norms about drinking, and facilitated by rarely being in 'intoxigenic' environments. These factors are imbricated with individual decisions in our respondents' capacity to consume alcohol moderately.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janette Mugavin
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Robin Room
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
- Centre for Social Research on Alcohol and Drugs, Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sarah Callinan
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Sarah MacLean
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
- School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Torney A, Room R, Jiang H, Livingston M, Callinan S. Shifts in the Australian public's opinions towards alcohol policies: 2004-2019. Drug Alcohol Rev 2023; 42:1785-1795. [PMID: 37523328 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION After a period of stagnation, alcohol policy in Australia has received increased attention in the past decade, with Sydney's lockout laws and Queensland's restrictions on trading hours garnering media attention. This study will investigate any changing trends in support towards alcohol policy and identify any demographic-specific shifts. METHODS Respondents from the National Drug Strategy Household Survey (conducted every 3 years from 2004 to 2019) were asked to gauge their level of support for 16 alcohol policy items proposed to reduce the problems associated with excessive alcohol use. Mean levels of support for various policy options, as well as demographic predictors of support, were assessed. RESULTS After an increase from 2004 to 2013, support for more evidence-based policies on alcohol (e.g., restricting the availability of alcohol) has decreased since 2013. Support for policy items that focus less on the restriction of the availability of alcohol and more on education remained relatively stable in comparison. While demographic groups continue to vary in their extent of support, shifts appear to be occurring fairly uniformly across sex, age, states and drinking groups. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Support for public health-oriented alcohol policies has been decreasing since 2013. The introduction of high-profile policies and less of a media focus on alcohol may be contributing to decreases in support.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Torney
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Robin Room
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Centre for Social Research on Alcohol and Drugs, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Heng Jiang
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michael Livingston
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
- National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Sarah Callinan
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Torney A, Room R, Callinan S. Cask wine: Describing drinking patterns associated with Australia's cheapest alcohol. Drug Alcohol Rev 2023; 42:1322-1331. [PMID: 37224066 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In Australia, cask wine is the cheapest alcoholic beverage available, offering the lowest price per standard drink. Despite this, there is little research on the contextual correlates of cask wine consumption. Therefore, the current study aims to describe how cask wine consumption has changed over the last decade. Then, through comparisons between cask and bottled wine, how prices, typical drinking locations, and patterns of consumption differ between the beverages. METHODS Cross-sectional data was drawn from two sources. Four waves of the National Drug Strategy Household Survey were used (2010, 2013, 2016 and 2019) in order to examine consumption trends over time. The International Alcohol Control study (2013) in Australia was additionally used to explore pricing and consumption trends in greater detail. RESULTS Cask wine was considerably cheaper than other forms of wine at $0.54 per standard drink (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.45-0.62, p < 0.05). Consumption trends associated with cask wine differed from that of bottled wine, being consumed almost entirely at home and in significantly greater quantity (standard drinks per day 7.8, 95% CI 6.25-9.26, p < 0.05). Among the heaviest drinkers, 13% (95% CI 7.2-18.8, p < 0.05) consumed cask wine as their main drink, compared to 5% (95% CI 3.76-6.24, p < 0.05) consuming bottled wine. CONCLUSIONS Cask wine drinkers are disproportionately more likely to consume higher amounts of alcohol, paying less per drink doing so compared to bottled wine drinkers. As all cask wine purchases were under $1.30, a minimum unit price may largely affect cask wine purchases, applying to a far smaller proportion of bottled wine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Torney
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Robin Room
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Social Research on Alcohol and Drugs, Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sarah Callinan
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Callinan S, Coomber K, Bury K, Wilkinson C, Stafford J, Riesenberg D, Dietze PM, Room R, Miller PG. In order to assess the impact of home delivery expansion within Australia, researchers need regulators to collect and share data on sales. Drug Alcohol Rev 2023; 42:1309-1311. [PMID: 36974378 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Callinan
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kerri Coomber
- Centre for Drug Use, Addictive and Anti-social Behaviour Research, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Waterfront Campus, Geelong, Australia
| | - Keira Bury
- Cancer Council Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Paul M Dietze
- National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Melbourne, Australia
- Behaviours and Health Risks, The Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Robin Room
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Social Research on Alcohol and Drugs, Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter G Miller
- Centre for Drug Use, Addictive and Anti-social Behaviour Research, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Waterfront Campus, Geelong, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Caluzzi G, Torney A, Callinan S. Who supports drug-checking services in Australia? An analysis of 2019 National Drug Strategy Household Survey data. Drug Alcohol Rev 2023; 42:1553-1558. [PMID: 37402221 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Drug-checking services can minimise the potential harms from drug use and have received increased attention in recent policy debates in Australia. In this brief report, we aim to better understand the prevalence of support for drug-checking services among individuals of certain demographic groups, social status and social attitudes towards drug and alcohol policy. METHODS This report uses data from the 2019 National Drug Strategy Household Survey, a national population study of alcohol and other drug use conducted triennially in Australia. We examined support for drug-checking services descriptively, alongside associations between demographic, social and substance use variables and support of drug-checking using Generalised Linear Model analyses with a Poisson distribution and log link. RESULTS Overall, 56% of the sample supported policies related to drug-checking services. Support was highest among those aged 25-34 years (62%), most socioeconomically advantaged (66%), with an income over $104,000 (64%), with a bachelor's degree or higher (65%), living in major cities (58%), recent consumers of commonly tested drugs (88%) and other drugs (77%), and risky drinkers (64%). In the multivariable model, those who were younger, women and had the highest level of education were more likely to support the policy compared to those who were aged 55+ years, men and had lower levels of education. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION This report highlights that, while there were different degrees of support based on demographic characteristics, substance use status and social attitudes towards drug and alcohol policy, the overall majority of the sample supported the provision of drug-checking services.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Caluzzi
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alexandra Torney
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sarah Callinan
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Robinson M, Callinan S, Taylor N. Disentangling the messiness of natural experiments to evaluate public policy. Addiction 2023; 118:1618-1620. [PMID: 37279775 DOI: 10.1111/add.16265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Robinson
- Institute for Social Science Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Sarah Callinan
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nicholas Taylor
- National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Torney A, Room R, Huckle T, Casswell S, Callinan S. Beverage-specific consumption trends: A cross-country, cross-sectional comparison. Int J Drug Policy 2023; 117:104047. [PMID: 37182348 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2023.104047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The price of alcoholic beverages can vary for a range of reasons, including tax. Risky drinkers purchase more low-cost alcoholic drinks than moderate drinkers, contributing to beverage-specific risks for that category. The study aimed to examine the proportion of total alcohol consumption comprised by each beverage type and their correlates. Australian and New Zealand populations were compared, where drinking cultures are similar, but taxation of alcohol differs. METHOD Data was taken from the International Alcohol Control study in Australia (N=1580) and New Zealand (N =1979), a cross national survey that asks questions on beverage specific alcohol consumption at a range of different locations. Tax rates were obtained from previous analyses run on the dataset. RESULTS Ready to Drink (pre-mixed) beverages are more popular in New Zealand and the proportion of these drinks consumed out of total alcohol consumption by risky drinkers was correspondingly higher there. Conversely, the proportion of wine consumed by risky drinkers was higher in Australia. The consumption of spirits and beer by risky drinkers was similar in both countries. DISCUSSION Differences found for the proportion of beverages consumed by risky drinkers between the countries are fairly well aligned with differences in the taxation of each drink type. Future adaptations in taxation systems should consider the impact of taxes on preferential beverage choice and associated harms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Torney
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Robin Room
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia; Centre for Social Research on Alcohol and Drugs, Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Taisia Huckle
- Social and Health Outcomes Research and Evaluation & Whariki Research Centre, Massey University, Victoria Street West, P.O. Box 6137, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Sally Casswell
- Social and Health Outcomes Research and Evaluation & Whariki Research Centre, Massey University, Victoria Street West, P.O. Box 6137, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Sarah Callinan
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Callinan S, MacLean S, Dietze PM. Drinking at home: Restricting alcohol availability is a key mechanism to reduce harms. Drug Alcohol Rev 2023. [PMID: 37159415 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Callinan
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sarah MacLean
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Paul M Dietze
- National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Melbourne, Australia
- Behaviours and Health Risks, The Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Casswell S, Huckle T, Parker K, Graydon‐Guy T, Leung J, Parry C, Torun P, Sengee G, Pham C, Gray‐Phillip G, Callinan S, Chaiyasong S, MacKintosh AM, Meier P, Randerson S. Effective alcohol policies are associated with reduced consumption among demographic groups who drink heavily. Alcohol Clin Exp Res (Hoboken) 2023; 47:786-795. [PMID: 37087719 PMCID: PMC10947406 DOI: 10.1111/acer.15030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol policies stand out among other noncommunicable disease-relevant policies for the lack of uptake. Composite indicators have been developed to measure the effects of alcohol control policy. We investigated whether drinking patterns among demographic groups from general population samples of drinkers from diverse countries are associated with alcohol control policy as measured by the International Alcohol Control (IAC) Policy Index. METHODS Representative samples of adult drinkers from 10 countries (five high-income and five middle-income) were surveyed about alcohol consumption, using beverage and location-specific questions. MEASUREMENTS The IAC Policy Index was analyzed with frequency, typical occasion quantity, and volume consumed. Analyses used mixed models that included interactions between country IAC Policy Index score and age group, gender, and education level. FINDINGS Each increase in IAC policy index score (reflecting more effective alcohol policy) was associated with a 13.9% decrease in drinking frequency (p = 0.006) and a 16.5% decrease in volume (p = 0.001). With each increase in IAC Policy Index score, both genders decreased for all three measures, but men less so than women. Women decreased their typical occasion quantity by 1.2% (p = 0.006), frequency by 3.1% (p < 0.001), and total volume by 4.2% (p < 0.001) compared to men. Low and mid-education groups decreased their typical occasion quantity by 2.6% (p < 0.001) and 1.6% (p = 0.001), respectively, compared to high education, while for drinking frequency the low education group increased by 7.0% (p < 0.001). There was an overall effect of age (F = 19.27, p < 0.0001), with 18-19 and 20-24-year-olds showing the largest decreases in typical occasion quantity with increasing IAC policy index score. CONCLUSIONS The IAC Policy Index, reflecting four effective policies, was associated with volume and frequency of drinking across 10 diverse countries. Each increase in the IAC Policy Index was associated with lower typical quantities consumed among groups reporting heavy drinking: young adults and less well-educated. There is value in implementing such alcohol policies and a need to accelerate their uptake globally.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sally Casswell
- SHORE & Whariki Research CentreCollege of Health, Massey UniversityAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Taisia Huckle
- SHORE & Whariki Research CentreCollege of Health, Massey UniversityAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Karl Parker
- SHORE & Whariki Research CentreCollege of Health, Massey UniversityAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Thomas Graydon‐Guy
- SHORE & Whariki Research CentreCollege of Health, Massey UniversityAucklandNew Zealand
| | - June Leung
- SHORE & Whariki Research CentreCollege of Health, Massey UniversityAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Charles Parry
- Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drug Research Unit, South African Medical Research CouncilCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Perihan Torun
- Department of Public HealthHamidiye International Medical SchoolIstanbulTurkey
| | - Gantuya Sengee
- Public Health Policy and Coordination DepartmentNational Center for Public Health of MongoliaUlaanbaatarMongolia
| | - Cuong Pham
- Center for Injury Policy and Prevention Research (CIPPR)Hanoi University of Public HealthHanoiVietnam
| | | | - Sarah Callinan
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research (CAPR), School of Psychology and Public HealthLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Surasak Chaiyasong
- International Health Policy Program (IHPP), Ministry of Public Health & Faculty of PharmacyMahasarakham UniversityMaha SarakhamThailand
| | - Anne Marie MacKintosh
- Institute for Social Marketing and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences and SportUniversity of StirlingStirlingUK
| | - Petra Meier
- School of Health and Related ResearchUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
- Present address:
MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences UnitUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Steve Randerson
- SHORE & Whariki Research CentreCollege of Health, Massey UniversityAucklandNew Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Callinan S, Pennay A. Minimum unit pricing for alcohol targets harms experienced by people in lower socioeconomic groups in Scotland. Lancet 2023; 401:1315-1317. [PMID: 36963414 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(23)00562-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Callinan
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia.
| | - Amy Pennay
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Lam T, Callinan S, Nielsen S, Horn F, Francia L, Vandenberg B. Which alcohol products might be affected by the introduction of a minimum unit price in Western Australia? Findings from a survey of alcohol retail prices. Drug Alcohol Rev 2023; 42:915-925. [PMID: 36895150 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Minimum unit price (MUP) policies establish a retail floor price below which alcohol may not be sold, and have been shown to reduce harmful alcohol use. We aimed to collect retail price data to estimate the proportion of alcohol products that would potentially be impacted by a MUP policy in Western Australia. METHODS We purposively sampled the four largest off-premises alcohol retail chains, a further random sample of other off-premise alcohol outlets (n = 16) and on-premise inner-city outlets (n = 11). Using website data from May to June 2021, we estimated the proportion of products across four beverage categories priced ≤A$1.30, ≤A$1.50 and ≤A$1.75 per standard drink (10 g alcohol). RESULTS Of 27,797 off-premise products identified, 5.7% were available at ≤$1.30 per standard drink, 7.6% at ≤$1.50 and 10.4% at ≤$1.75. The proportion of products available at ≤$1.30 per standard drink varied by beverage category: 7.8% wine, 2.9% beer and cider, <0.1% spirits, 0.0% ready-to-drink spirits. Cask-packaged wines represented only 1.9% of off-premise wine products and 98.9% of this cask wine was priced ≤$1.30 per standard drink. No on-premise products were priced ≤$1.75 per standard drink. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS A comprehensive survey of alcohol prices in Western Australia found only a small proportion of products would potentially be affected by a MUP of $1.30 to $1.75 per standard drink. A MUP policy has potential to target the small proportion of alcohol products available at very low prices (i.e., off-premise cask wine), with negligible impact on other off-premise beverage categories, and no impact on on-premises products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tina Lam
- Monash Addiction Research Centre, Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sarah Callinan
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Suzanne Nielsen
- Monash Addiction Research Centre, Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Freya Horn
- Turning Point, Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Leanne Francia
- Monash Addiction Research Centre, Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Brian Vandenberg
- School of Social Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Yuen WS, Peacock A, Man N, Callinan S, Slade T, Farrell M, Mattick R, Livingston M. Age, period and cohort effects on alcohol-related risky behaviours in Australia from 2001 to 2016. Addiction 2023; 118:438-448. [PMID: 36206499 PMCID: PMC10952598 DOI: 10.1111/add.16061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study is to examine age, period and birth cohort trends in the prevalence of any alcohol-related risky behaviour and to compare these trends between men and women. DESIGN AND SETTING We used an age-period-cohort analysis of repeated cross-sectional survey data from the Australian National Drug Strategy Household Survey from 2001 to 2016. PARTICIPANTS Participants were 121 281 people aged 14-80 years who reported consuming alcohol in the past 12 months. MEASUREMENTS Any risky behaviour undertaken while under the influence of alcohol in the past 12 months (e.g. operating a motor vehicle) was measured: male or female. FINDINGS Controlling for age and cohort, cubic spline models showed that any alcohol-related risky behaviour declined with time among participants who consumed alcohol [2016 versus 2007 rate ratio (RR) = 0.80, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.76-0.84]. Risky behaviour peaked in the 1954 birth cohort (1954 versus 1971 RR = 1.42, 95% CI = 1.30-1.55) and then steadily declined with more recent birth cohorts (2002 versus 1971 RR = 0.32, 95% CI = 0.27-0.39). Risky behaviour peaked at age 21 years, followed by steady decline and stabilization at approximately age 70 years. Males were overall twice as likely as females to report alcohol-related risky behaviour (RR = 2.10, 95% CI = 1.84-2.39), but this effect was smaller in cohorts born after 1980 [1980 prevalence rate ratios (PRR) = 2.09, 95% CI = 1.81-2.43; 2002 PRR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.03-1.68]. CONCLUSIONS Alcohol-related risky behaviour in Australia has declined generally since 2001, with rates for recent cohorts having the sharpest decline. Risky behaviour remains most prevalent in young adults, and the male-female gap in risky behaviour is closing for more recent birth cohorts. These trends are consistent with alcohol consumption trends observed in Australia and world-wide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wing See Yuen
- National Drug and Alcohol Research CentreUNSW SydneyKensingtonAustralia
| | - Amy Peacock
- National Drug and Alcohol Research CentreUNSW SydneyKensingtonAustralia
- School of Psychological SciencesUniversity of TasmaniaHobartAustralia
| | - Nicola Man
- National Drug and Alcohol Research CentreUNSW SydneyKensingtonAustralia
| | - Sarah Callinan
- Centre for Alcohol Policy ResearchLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| | - Tim Slade
- The Matilda CentreThe University of SydneyCamperdownAustralia
| | - Michael Farrell
- National Drug and Alcohol Research CentreUNSW SydneyKensingtonAustralia
| | - Richard Mattick
- National Drug and Alcohol Research CentreUNSW SydneyKensingtonAustralia
| | - Michael Livingston
- Centre for Alcohol Policy ResearchLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneAustralia
- National Drug Research Institute and enAble Institute, Faculty of Health SciencesCurtin UniversityPerthAustralia
- Centre for Clinical NeuroscienceKarolinska InstituteSolnaSweden
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Leung J, Casswell S, Parker K, Huckle T, Romeo J, Graydon‐Guy T, Byron K, Callinan S, Chaiyasong S, Gordon R, Harker N, MacKintosh AM, Meier P, Paraje G, Parry CD, Pham C, Williams PP, Randerson S, Schelleman‐Offermans K, Sengee G, Torun P, van Dalen W. Effective alcohol policies and lifetime abstinence: An analysis of the International Alcohol Control policy index. Drug Alcohol Rev 2023; 42:704-713. [PMID: 36423899 PMCID: PMC10947057 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alcohol abstinence remains common among adults globally, although low and middle-income countries are experiencing declines in abstention. The effect of alcohol policies on lifetime abstinence is poorly understood. The International Alcohol Control (IAC) policy index was developed to benchmark and monitor the uptake of effective alcohol policies and has shown strong associations with alcohol per capita consumption and drinking patterns. Uniquely, the index incorporates both policy 'stringency' and 'impact', reflecting policy implementation and enforcement, across effective policies. Here we assessed the association of the IAC policy index with lifetime abstinence in a diverse sample of jurisdictions. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of the relationship between the IAC policy index score, and its components, and lifetime abstinence among adults (15+ years) in 13 high and middle-income jurisdictions. We examined the correlations for each component of the index and stringency and impact separately. RESULTS Overall, the total IAC policy index scores were positively correlated with lifetime abstinence (r = 0.76), as were both the stringency (r = 0.62) and impact (r = 0.82) scores. Marketing restrictions showed higher correlations with lifetime abstinence than other policy domains (r = 0.80), including restrictions on physical availability, pricing policies and drink-driving prevention. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that restricting alcohol marketing could be an important policy for the protection of alcohol abstention. The IAC policy index may be a useful tool to benchmark the performance of alcohol policy in supporting alcohol abstention in high and middle-income countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- June Leung
- SHORE & Whariki Research Centre, College of HealthMassey UniversityAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Sally Casswell
- SHORE & Whariki Research Centre, College of HealthMassey UniversityAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Karl Parker
- SHORE & Whariki Research Centre, College of HealthMassey UniversityAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Taisia Huckle
- SHORE & Whariki Research Centre, College of HealthMassey UniversityAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Jose Romeo
- SHORE & Whariki Research Centre, College of HealthMassey UniversityAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Thomas Graydon‐Guy
- SHORE & Whariki Research Centre, College of HealthMassey UniversityAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Karimu Byron
- National Council on Drug Abuse PreventionBasseterreSt Kitts and Nevis
| | - Sarah Callinan
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, School of Psychology and Public HealthLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| | - Surasak Chaiyasong
- International Health Policy Program, Ministry of Public Health and Social Pharmacy Research Unit, Faculty of PharmacyMahasarakham UniversityMaha SarakhamThailand
| | - Ross Gordon
- Institute for Social Marketing and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences and SportUniversity of StirlingStirlingUK
- QUT Business SchoolQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Nadine Harker
- Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drug Research UnitSouth African Medical Research CouncilTygerbergSouth Africa
| | - Anne Marie MacKintosh
- Institute for Social Marketing and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences and SportUniversity of StirlingStirlingUK
| | - Petra Meier
- School of Health and Related ResearchUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
- Social and Public Health Sciences UnitUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | | | - Charles D. Parry
- Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drug Research UnitSouth African Medical Research CouncilTygerbergSouth Africa
| | - Cuong Pham
- Center for Injury Policy and Prevention ResearchHanoiVietnam
| | - Petal Petersen Williams
- Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drug Research UnitSouth African Medical Research CouncilTygerbergSouth Africa
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental HealthUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Stephen Randerson
- SHORE & Whariki Research Centre, College of HealthMassey UniversityAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Karen Schelleman‐Offermans
- Maastricht UniversityWork & Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology & NeuroscienceMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Gantuya Sengee
- Public Health Policy and Coordination DepartmentNational Center for Public Health of MongoliaUlaanbaatarMongolia
| | - Perihan Torun
- Department of Public HealthHamidiye International Medical SchoolIstanbulTurkey
| | - Wim van Dalen
- Dutch Institute for Alcohol Policy STAPUtrechtThe Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Livingston M, Callinan S, Pennay A, Yuen WS, Taylor N, Dietze P. Generational shifts in attitudes and beliefs about alcohol: An age-period-cohort approach. Drug Alcohol Depend 2023; 243:109755. [PMID: 36630806 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS Population level alcohol consumption has declined markedly in Australia in the past two decades, with distinct generational patterns. The underlying reason for this shift remains unclear and there has been little work assessing how attitudes and beliefs about alcohol have shifted in population sub-groups. DESIGN AND METHODS Using seven waves of survey data spanning 19 years (2001-2019, n = 166,093 respondents aged 14 +), we assess age, time-period and birth cohort effects on trends in four measures of alcohol attitudes (disapproval of regular alcohol use, perceptions of safe drinking levels for men and women and perception that alcohol causes the most deaths of any drug in Australia). RESULTS There were steady increases in period effects for perceived safe drinking levels (especially for men) and belief that alcohol causes the most deaths. Disapproval of regular use has been stable at the population level, but there are marked cohort differences, with early and recent cohorts more likely than others to disapprove of regular alcohol use. DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS These findings point to a broad lowering of perceived safe levels of drinking across the population alongside a sharp increase in disapproval of drinking for recent cohorts, potentially contributing to the reductions in drinking that have been reported in these cohorts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Livingston
- National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia; Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia; Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Sarah Callinan
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Amy Pennay
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Wing See Yuen
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nicholas Taylor
- National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia; Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia; School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Paul Dietze
- National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia; Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Livingston M, Raninen J, Pennay A, Callinan S. The relationship between age at first drink and later risk behaviours during a period of youth drinking decline. Addiction 2023; 118:256-264. [PMID: 36043343 PMCID: PMC10087810 DOI: 10.1111/add.16036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Alcohol consumption among teenagers in many high-income countries has steadily declined since the early 2000s. There has also been a steady increase in the average age at first drink, a reliable marker of later alcohol problems. This study measured whether young people who initiated drinking early were at increased risk of alcohol problems in young adulthood in recent cohorts where early initiation was comparatively rare. DESIGN Analysis of six waves of a repeated cross-sectional household survey (2001-16). SETTING Australia. PARTICIPANTS A total of 9576 young adults (aged 20-25 years) who had initiated drinking before the age of 20 years. MEASUREMENTS Respondents were classified into three groups based on their self-reported age at first drink (< 16, 16-17, 18-19 years). Outcome variables were self-reported experiences of memory loss while drinking, risky and delinquent behaviour while drinking and monthly or more frequent drinking occasions of 11 or more 10-g standard drinks. FINDINGS Later initiators reported lower levels of all outcomes [e.g. odds ratios (ORs) for memory loss were 0.56, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.50, 0.63] for those who first drank at 16 or 17 years compared with those who first drank at age 15 or younger). Significant interactions between age at first drink and survey year showed that early initiation was more strongly associated with harms (e.g. for memory loss, OR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.94, 0.99 for 18-19 versus 15 or younger) in young adulthood for recent cohorts where early drinking was less common. CONCLUSIONS The decline in youth drinking may have contributed to a concentration of risk of alcohol problems among those young people who consume alcohol in early adolescence. Early initiation of drinking may be an increasingly important marker of broader risk taking as alcohol becomes less normative for teenagers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Livingston
- National Drug Research Institute and enAble Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.,Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas Raninen
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Amy Pennay
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sarah Callinan
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Cook M, MacLean S, Callinan S. Home alone: Patterns and perceptions of solitary home alcohol consumption in an Australian convenience sample. Drug Alcohol Rev 2023. [PMID: 36645079 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In contrast with extensive literature exploring sociable alcohol use, few studies focus on drinking alone at home, even though the home is the place where the majority of drinking occurs. METHODS We draw on survey and interview data gathered in 2018/2019 prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, to identify prevalence and perceptions of solitary home drinking in an Australian convenience sample of heavy and light drinkers (LD). RESULTS A substantial minority of survey participants identified drinking home alone, with over a quarter of heavy drinkers (27%) reporting that they only drank alone in their own home (compared to 15% of LD). In interviews, solitary home drinking was frequently constructed as signifying personal inadequacy, heavy consumption and harm. However, tensions arose through solitary home drinking bringing pleasures, such as relaxation. It was regarded as more socially acceptable for men than women and lighter home drinking patterns were viewed more positively than heavy drinking. Perceptions of what constitutes solitary home drinking varied, with some suggesting it includes drinking with others present who are not themselves drinking, and others using a more limited definition of consuming alcohol while alone in a house. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS While strong social sanctions against it persist, solitary home drinking can reflect a lack of opportunity to drink with others and also be associated with more harmful regular patterns of alcohol use. Increasing recognition of home drinking provides a new imperative to better understand the complex stigmatisation that frames solitary home drinking and to explore opportunities to limit associated harms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan Cook
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sarah MacLean
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.,School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sarah Callinan
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Callinan S, Livingston M. Commentary on Brummer et al.: When using screening tools, it is important to be aware of what you are screening for. Addiction 2023; 118:95-96. [PMID: 36330545 PMCID: PMC10099392 DOI: 10.1111/add.16070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Callinan
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Michael Livingston
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia.,National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.,Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Mojica-Perez Y, Livingston M, Pennay A, Callinan S. Examining the relationship between alcohol consumption, psychological distress and COVID-19 related circumstances: An Australian longitudinal study in the first year of the pandemic. Addict Behav 2022; 135:107439. [PMID: 35914417 PMCID: PMC9316938 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between alcohol consumption, psychological distress and COVID-19 related circumstances (being in lockdown, working from home, providing home-schooling and being furloughed) over the first eight months of the pandemic in Australia. METHOD A longitudinal study with six survey waves over eight months with a convenience sample of 770 participants. Participants were aged 18 or over, lived in Australia and consumed alcohol at least monthly. Demographic data was obtained in the first wave. Data on alcohol consumption, psychological distress (Kessler 10), and COVID-19 related circumstances (being in lockdown, working from home, providing home-schooling and being furloughed) were obtained in each survey wave. RESULTS Results from the fixed-effect bivariate regression analyses show that participants reported greater alcohol consumption when they had high psychological distress compared to when they had low psychological distress. Meanwhile, participants reported greater alcohol consumption when they worked from home compared to when they did not work from home. Participants also reported greater alcohol consumption when they provided home-schooling compared with when they did not provide home-schooling. The fixed-effect panel multivariable regression analyses indicated a longitudinal relationship between higher psychological distress and providing home-schooling on increased alcohol consumption. CONCLUSION Broader drinking trends during the COVID-19 pandemic typically indicate increases and decreases in drinking among different members of the population. This study demonstrates that in Australia, it was those who experienced psychological distress and specific impacts of COVID-19 restrictions that were more likely to increase their drinking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yvette Mojica-Perez
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia,Corresponding author
| | - Michael Livingston
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia,National Drug Research Institute and enAble Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia,Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Amy Pennay
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sarah Callinan
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
O’Donnell R, Livingston M, Room R, Mojica-Perez Y, Callinan S. Disparities in definitions of drinker type and related harms: self-identified and researcher-defined drinker type and alcohol-related consequences. Journal of Substance Use 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2021.1961324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Renee O’Donnell
- Health and Social Care Unit, Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michael Livingston
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robin Room
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Social Research on Alcohol and Drugs, Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yvette Mojica-Perez
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sarah Callinan
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Callinan S, Livingston M, Dietze P, Gmel G, Room R. Age-based differences in quantity and frequency of consumption when screening for harmful alcohol use. Addiction 2022; 117:2431-2437. [PMID: 35466478 PMCID: PMC9544839 DOI: 10.1111/add.15904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Survey questions on usual quantity and frequency of alcohol consumption are regularly used in screening tools to identify drinkers requiring intervention. The aim of this study was to measure age-based differences in quantity and frequency of alcohol consumption on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and how this relates to the prediction of harmful or dependent drinking. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. SETTING Australia. PARTICIPANTS Data were taken from 17 399 respondents who reported any alcohol consumption in the last year and were aged 18 and over from the 2016 National Drug Strategy Household Survey, a broadly representative cross-sectional survey on substance use. MEASUREMENT Respondents were asked about their frequency of consumption, usual quantity per occasion and the other items of the AUDIT. FINDINGS In older drinkers, quantity per occasion [β = 0.53, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.43, 0.64 in 43-47-year-olds as an example] was a stronger predictor of dependence than frequency per occasion (β = 0.24, 95% CI = 0.17, 0.31). In younger drinkers the reverse was true, with frequency a stronger predictor (β = 0.54, 95% CI = 0.39, 0.69 in 23-27-year-olds) than quantity (β = 0.26, 95% CI = 0.18, 0.34 in 23-27-year-olds). Frequency of consumption was not a significant predictor of dependence in respondents aged 73 years and over (β = -0.03, 95% CI = -0.08, 0.02). Similar patterns were found when predicting harmful drinking. Despite this, as frequency of consumption increased steadily with age, the question on frequency was responsible for at least 65% of AUDIT scores in drinkers aged 53 years and over. CONCLUSIONS In younger drinkers, frequent drinking is more strongly linked to dependence and harmful drinking subscale scores on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) than quantity per occasion, yet quantity per occasion has a stronger influence on the overall AUDIT score in this group. In older drinkers, frequency of consumption is not always a significant predictor of the AUDIT dependence subscale and is a weak predictor of the harmful drinking subscale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Callinan
- Centre for Alcohol Policy ResearchLa Trobe UniversityBundooraAustralia
| | - Michael Livingston
- Centre for Alcohol Policy ResearchLa Trobe UniversityBundooraAustralia,National Drug Research InstituteCurtin University MelbourneAustralia,Department of Clinical NeuroscienceKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Paul Dietze
- National Drug Research InstituteCurtin University MelbourneAustralia,Behaviours and Health Risks ProgramBurnet InstituteMelbourneAustralia,Addiction MedicineLausanne University Hospital and University of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Gerhard Gmel
- Addiction MedicineLausanne University Hospital and University of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland,Research DepartmentAddiction SwitzerlandLausanneSwitzerland,Centre for Addiction and Mental HealthInstitute for Mental Health Policy ResearchTorontoCanada
| | - Robin Room
- Centre for Alcohol Policy ResearchLa Trobe UniversityBundooraAustralia,Centre for Social Research on Alcohol and DrugsStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
D'Aquino S, Callinan S, Smit K, Mojica-Perez Y, Kuntsche E. Why do adults drink alcohol? Development and validation of a Drinking Motives Questionnaire for adults. Psychol Addict Behav 2022; 37:402-415. [PMID: 35980715 DOI: 10.1037/adb0000877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Drinking Motives Questionnaire-Revised (DMQ-R; Cooper, 1994) is frequently used to assess adult drinking motives despite being designed for younger drinkers. This study aimed to develop and validate a Drinking Motives Questionnaire for Adults (DMQ-A). METHOD A convenience sample of 1,617 adults (25-65-year-olds; Mage = 51.4, SD = 10.8; 67% female) and 145 young-adults (18-24-year-olds; Mage = 20.8, SD = 2.0; 72% female) who reported drinking at least monthly were asked how often they consumed alcohol due to 53 drinking motives. Using item endorsement and exploratory factor analysis on half of the split sample of adults, 20 items were selected for the DMQ-A. RESULTS The DMQ-A was found to have social, coping, confidence, taste, and enhancement dimensions. The DMQ-R conformity dimension was replaced by one of drinking for confidence and a novel drinking for taste dimension was identified. The second half of the split sample was used to demonstrate the DMQ-A's adequate model fit (CFI = 0.93), good internal consistency (α = .81-.90) and 6-month test-retest reliability (r = .65-.74), correlation with corresponding DMQ-R dimensions (r = .90-.96), and better model fit for adults than young-adults (ΔCFI = .03). The DMQ-A also demonstrated higher endorsement for each of its dimensions and better model fit than the DMQ-R among adults (ΔCFI = .05). Like the DMQ-R, DMQ-A coping and enhancement dimensions correlated with alcohol consumption and harmful drinking (r = .19-.42). CONCLUSIONS The DMQ-A is a promising tool for future research or clinical application involving adult alcohol use. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Alcohol consumption changes markedly over the life course, with important implications for health and social development. Assessment of these patterns often relies on cross-sectional data, which cannot fully capture how individuals' drinking changes as they age. This study used data from 18 waves of a general population panel survey to measure drinking trajectories over the life course in Australia. DESIGN AND SETTING Longitudinal survey data from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey between 2001 and 2018. PARTICIPANTS A total of 20 593 individuals ages 15 or above in two samples assessing quantity-frequency (n = 20 569, 52.0% female) and risky single occasion drinking (RSOD), respectively, (n = 17 340, 52.5% female), interviewed as part of HILDA. MEASUREMENTS Usual quantity of alcohol consumed per drinking occasion; frequency of drinking occasions per week; average daily consumption, calculated by combining reported usual quantity and frequency; and average reported frequency of RSOD per week. FINDINGS Multilevel, mixed effects models run with fractional polynomial terms found similar male and female alcohol consumption trajectories for quantity-frequency and RSOD measures. Usual quantity of alcohol consumed per drinking occasion (5.4 drinks for men, 3.8 for women) and RSOD frequency (0.56 occasions/week for men, 0.38 for women) peaked in young adulthood, whereas frequency of drinking occasions (2.5 occasions/week for men, 1.7 for women) peaked in middle age. Middle-age drinkers had the highest average daily consumption of alcohol (1.4 drinks/day for 54-year-old men, 0.6 drinks for 57-year-old women) and engaged in RSOD slightly less than young adults. CONCLUSIONS Alcohol consumption in Australia appears to vary substantially over the life course, with usual quantity per drinking occasion and frequency of risky single occasion drinking peaking during early adulthood and average daily consumption and frequency of consumption peaking in middle age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Leggat
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research (CAPR)La Trobe UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Michael Livingston
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research (CAPR)La Trobe UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia,National Drug Research InstituteCurtin UniversityPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia,Department of Clinical NeuroscienceKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSödermanland and UpplandSweden
| | - Sandra Kuntsche
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research (CAPR)La Trobe UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Sarah Callinan
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research (CAPR)La Trobe UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Di Fabio C, Lindell AK, Callinan S. Contextual cues prompt greater improvements in alcohol consumption recall for people with higher working memory capacities. Australian Journal of Psychology 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00049530.2022.2089052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Di Fabio
- Department of Psychology and Counselling, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Annukka K. Lindell
- Department of Psychology and Counselling, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sarah Callinan
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research (CAPR), La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Cook M, Pennay A, MacLean S, Dwyer R, Mugavin J, Callinan S. Parents' management of alcohol in the context of discourses of 'competent' parenting: A qualitative analysis. Sociol Health Illn 2022; 44:1009-1026. [PMID: 35488431 PMCID: PMC9544359 DOI: 10.1111/1467-9566.13475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
How parents manage potential tensions between normative discourses of 'competent parenting' and their desires to consume alcohol has received little attention. In this article, we explore the elements that encourage or constrain parents' drinking and investigate how parents consider and manage their alcohol use in the context of multiple social roles with sometimes conflicting demands and expectations around 'competent parenting'. Our analysis draws on 30 semi-structured interviews with Australian parents, conducted as part of a broader project which aimed to explore how home drinking is integrated into everyday life. While parents' accounts of drinking alcohol highlighted effects such as embodied experiences of relaxation and facilitating shared adult moments, many participants described drinking less than they otherwise would if their children were not present. Participants discussed various social roles and routines which constrained consumption, with drinking bounded by responsibility. As such, drinking emerged as something needing to be actively negotiated, particularly in light of discourses that frame expectations of what constitutes 'competent parenting'. When considering parents' alcohol consumption in the future, we argue that it is important to destigmatise their consumption by acknowledging the importance of adults' pleasure and wellbeing, alongside children's needs for safety and modelling of safer alcohol consumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan Cook
- Centre for Alcohol Policy ResearchLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Amy Pennay
- Centre for Alcohol Policy ResearchLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Sarah MacLean
- Centre for Alcohol Policy ResearchLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- School of Allied Health, Human Services and SportLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Robyn Dwyer
- Centre for Alcohol Policy ResearchLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Janette Mugavin
- Centre for Alcohol Policy ResearchLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Sarah Callinan
- Centre for Alcohol Policy ResearchLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Marzan M, Callinan S, Livingston M, Jiang H. Alcohol consumption, heavy episodic drinking and the perpetration of antisocial behaviours in Australia. Drug Alcohol Depend 2022; 235:109432. [PMID: 35405461 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study aims to understand the dose-response relationship of the volume and patterns of alcohol consumption with alcohol-related antisocial behaviours (ASB) in the general population and assess whether these relationships are consistent across various sociodemographic subgroups. METHODS We used data from 30,275 respondents aged (14-69) from two waves (2013 and 2016) of the National Drug Strategy Household Survey (NDSHS). Average daily alcohol consumption and heavy episodic drinking (HED) frequencies were treated as the main independent variables and self-reported ASB perpetration as the dependent variable. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression models predicting ASB with interaction terms between alcohol consumption and various sociodemographic variables were estimated. FINDINGS Compared with low-risk drinking (0.01-20 g of alcohol/day), respondents drinking at risky (20.01-40 g of alcohol/day) and high risk (>40 g of alcohol per day) levels had an increased prevalence of ASB perpetration with adjusted odds ratios of 3.63 (95% CI 2.98-4.42) and 8.07 (6.72-9.71). Increasing frequency of HED was also linked to increased self-report of ASB perpetration in bivariable and multivariable models. In our interaction models, we found higher probabilities of ASB perpetration among younger and unmarried respondents for a given level of drinking. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Both average daily alcohol consumption and frequency of HED predict the probability of perpetrating alcohol-related ASB. Unsurprisingly, the risk of alcohol-specific ASB increased more quickly with consumption levels for younger and single respondents, suggesting interventions to reduce consumption among younger and unmarried persons will significantly impact ASB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melvin Marzan
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research (CAPR), School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Sarah Callinan
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research (CAPR), School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michael Livingston
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research (CAPR), School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; National Drug Research Institute (NDRI), Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Heng Jiang
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research (CAPR), School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia; Centre for Health Equity, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Public Health, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Mojica-Perez Y, Callinan S, Livingston M. Declines in alcohol consumption in Australia: some challenges to the theory of collectivity. Addiction 2022; 117:1295-1303. [PMID: 34817101 DOI: 10.1111/add.15757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS There is significant debate about whether or not changes in per-capita alcohol consumption occur collectively across the entire distribution of drinking. This study used data from a decade of declining drinking in Australia to test the collectivity of drinking trends. DESIGN Repeated cross-sectional surveys (2010, 2013, 2016, 2019), analysed with quantile regression techniques assessing trends in drinking for 20 quantile groups. SETTING Australia. PARTICIPANTS A general population sample (total n = 85 891; males = 39 182, females = 46 709) aged 14 years and over. MEASUREMENTS Past-year volume of alcohol consumed was measured using standard graduated frequency survey questions. Models were stratified by sex and age group. FINDINGS Throughout the whole population, alcohol consumption had declined in all percentile groups, with the largest proportional declines evident for light and moderate drinkers [e.g. drinkers in the 25th percentile declined by 32.7%; 95% confidence interval (CI) = -41.6, -22.3% per wave]. Broadly collective declines were also found for younger men and women with significant declines in every percentile group, but older groups showed some evidence of polarization. For example, women aged 45-64 years significantly increased their consumption (2.9% per wave, 95% CI = 0.3-5.5%), while consumption for those in the 25th percentile fell significantly (-16.7%, 95% CI = -27.6, -4.2%). CONCLUSIONS The declines in Australian drinking since 2010 have included important deviations from the collectivity predicted by Skog's influential theory of collectivity of drinking, with markedly different patterns evident among different demographic groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yvette Mojica-Perez
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Sarah Callinan
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael Livingston
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia.,National Drug Research Institute and enAble Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Livingston M, Callinan S, Vashishtha R, Yuen WS, Dietze P. Tracking the decline in Australian adolescent drinking into adulthood. Addiction 2022; 117:1273-1281. [PMID: 34697846 DOI: 10.1111/add.15720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Adolescent drinking in Australia (and many other countries) has declined substantially since the early 2000s. This study aimed to test whether these declines have been maintained into adulthood and whether they are consistent across sub-groups defined by sex and socio-economic status. DESIGN Quasi-cohorts were constructed from seven repeated waves of cross-sectional household survey data (2001-2019). SETTING Australia. PARTICIPANTS A total of 20 733 respondents age between 14 and 24 (male: 9492; female: 11 241). MEASUREMENTS Participants were grouped into five cohorts based on their birth year (from 1979-1983 to 1999-2003). Three measures of drinking were assessed: any past-year consumption (yes/no), past-year regular risky drinking (12 or more drinking episodes of >40 g of pure alcohol, yes/no) and total volume of alcohol consumed in the past year (in Australian standard drinks, 10 g of alcohol). Socio-economic status was measured based on neighbourhood of residence. FINDINGS Drinking declines were consistent across socio-economic groups on all measures and trends were broadly similar for women and men. More recent birth cohorts had significantly lower levels of drinking across all three measures (odds ratios between 0.31 and 0.70 for drinking and risky drinking, coefficients between -0.28 and -0.80 for drinking volume). There were significant interactions between birth cohort and age for past-year drinking and past-year regular risky drinking, with cohort differences diminishing as age increased. CONCLUSIONS Lighter drinking adolescent cohorts appear to partly 'catch up' to previous cohorts by early adulthood, but maintain lower levels of drinking and risky drinking up to the age of 24. These ongoing reductions in drinking are spread evenly across socio-economic groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Livingston
- National Drug Research Institute (Melbourne Office), Curtin University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sarah Callinan
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rakhi Vashishtha
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
- Duke National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore
| | - Wing See Yuen
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paul Dietze
- National Drug Research Institute (Melbourne Office), Curtin University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Behaviours and Health Risks, The Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Casswell S, Huckle T, Parker K, Romeo J, Graydon-Guy T, Leung J, Byron K, Callinan S, Chaiyasong S, Gordon R, MacKintosh AM, Meier P, Paraje G, Parry CD, Pham C, Petersen Williams P, Randerson S, Schelleman-Offermans K, Sengee G, Torun P, van Dalen W, Harker N. Benchmarking alcohol policy based on stringency and impact: The International Alcohol Control (IAC) policy index. PLOS Glob Public Health 2022; 2:e0000109. [PMID: 36962135 PMCID: PMC10021514 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0000109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
This study developed a measurement tool to assess stringency and 'on-the-ground' impact of four key alcohol policy domains to create an alcohol policy index suitable for benchmarking alcohol policy and assessing change over time in middle- and high-income countries. It involved a collaboration between researchers in 12 diverse countries: New Zealand; Australia; England; Scotland; Netherlands; Vietnam; Thailand; South Africa; Turkey; Chile; Saint Kitts and Nevis and Mongolia. Data on the four most effective alcohol policy domains (availability, pricing policy, alcohol marketing, drink driving) were used to create an alcohol policy index based on their association with alcohol per capita consumption (APC) of commercial (recorded) alcohol. An innovation was the inclusion of measures of impact along with the stringency of the legislation or regulation. The resulting International Alcohol Control (IAC) Policy Index showed a very high negative correlation (-0.91) with recorded APC. Greater affordability of alcohol, an impact measure taking into account prices paid and countries' Gross Domestic Product, was predictive of higher APC (-0.80). Countries in which more modes of alcohol marketing are legally allowed and used had higher APC. Legislation on outlet density and drink driving predicted APC whereas trading hours did not. While stringency and impact measures varied between domains in terms of relationship with APC, overall, there was a strong correlation between impact and stringency (0.77). The IAC Policy Index, which includes measures of policy stringency and 'on-the-ground' impacts in relation to four key policy areas, was found to be strongly associated with commercial alcohol consumed in a number of diverse country settings. It showed a larger relationship than previous indices that include more policy dimensions. The index provides a relatively simple tool for benchmarking and communication with policy makers to encourage a strong focus on uptake of these four most effective alcohol policies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sally Casswell
- SHORE & Whariki Research Centre, College of Health, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Taisia Huckle
- SHORE & Whariki Research Centre, College of Health, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Karl Parker
- SHORE & Whariki Research Centre, College of Health, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jose Romeo
- SHORE & Whariki Research Centre, College of Health, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Thomas Graydon-Guy
- SHORE & Whariki Research Centre, College of Health, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - June Leung
- SHORE & Whariki Research Centre, College of Health, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Karimu Byron
- National Council on Drug Abuse Prevention, Basseterre, St Kitts and Nevis
| | - Sarah Callinan
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research (CAPR), School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Surasak Chaiyasong
- International Health Policy Program (IHPP), Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Ross Gordon
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, Institute for Social Marketing and Health, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Anne Marie MacKintosh
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, Institute for Social Marketing and Health, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Petra Meier
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, England, United Kingdom
| | | | - Charles D. Parry
- Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drug Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Cuong Pham
- Center for Injury Policy and Prevention Research (CIPPR), Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Petal Petersen Williams
- Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drug Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Steve Randerson
- SHORE & Whariki Research Centre, College of Health, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Karen Schelleman-Offermans
- Faculty of Psychology & Neuroscience, Work & Social Psychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Gantuya Sengee
- Public Health Policy and Coordination Department, National Center for Public Health of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Perihan Torun
- Department of Public Health, Hamidiye International Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Wim van Dalen
- Dutch Institute for Alcohol Policy STAP, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nadine Harker
- Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drug Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Grittner U, Bloomfield K, Kuntsche S, Callinan S, Stanesby O, Gmel G. Improving measurement of harms from others' drinking: Using item-response theory to scale harms from others' heavy drinking in 10 countries. Drug Alcohol Rev 2022; 41:577-587. [PMID: 34460976 PMCID: PMC8882707 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The heavy drinking of others may negatively affect an individual on several dimensions of life. Until now, there is scarce research about how to judge the severity of various experiences of such harms. This study aims to empirically scale the severity of such harm items and to determine who is at most risk of these harms. METHODS We used population-based survey data from 10 countries of the GENAHTO project (Gender and Alcohol's Harms to Others, data collection: 2011-2016). Questions about harms from others' drinking asked about verbal and physical harm, damage of belongings, traffic accidents, harassment, threatening behaviour, family and financial problems. We used item response theory methods (IRT) to scale severity of the aforementioned items. To acknowledge culturally based variations in different countries, we assessed 'differential item functioning'. RESULTS The items 'family problems', 'financial problems' and 'clothes and property damage' as well as 'physical harm' were scaled as more severe in most countries compared to other items. Substantial differential item functioning was present in more than half of the country pairings. The item 'financial problems' was most often differentially scaled. Younger people who drank more, as well as women (compared to men), reported more harm. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Using IRT, we were able to evaluate grades of severity in harms from others' drinking. IRT scaling yielded in similar rankings of items as reported from other studies. However, empirical scaling allows for more differentiated severity scaling than simple summary scores and is more sensitive to cultural differences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Grittner
- Institute of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kim Bloomfield
- Institute of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany, Centre for Alcohol and Drug Research, Aarhus University, Copenhagen, Denmark., Health Promotion Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark, Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute, Emeryville, USA
| | - Sandra Kuntsche
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sarah Callinan
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Oliver Stanesby
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gerhard Gmel
- Alcohol Treatment Centre, Lausanne University Hospital CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland., Addiction Switzerland, Research Department, Lausanne, Switzerland., Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Toronto, Canada., University of the West of England, Faculty of Health and Applied Science, Bristol, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Jiang H, Laslett AM, Kuntsche S, Callinan S, Waleewong O, Room R. A multi-country analysis of informal caregiving due to others' drinking. Drugs (Abingdon Engl) 2022; 29:702-711. [PMID: 36654831 PMCID: PMC9844966 DOI: 10.1080/09687637.2021.1974342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The burden of caring for drinkers is seldom articulated as a social concern, or integrated in service planning or alcohol policy. This study aims to examine prevalence and predictors of informal caregiving due to others' drinking cross-nationally by surveying 20,728 respondents (18-64 years) in 11 countries. The outcome variable was respondent-reported informal caregiving due to others' drinking, analysed by socio-demographic factors and drinking pattern using logistic regression and meta-analysis. Estimated overall prevalence of informal caregiving due to others' drinking ranged from 9% in Nigeria to 47% in Thailand. In most countries, females reported a higher rate than males of caring for children and other dependents, but males reported a higher rate of driving family or friends somewhere or picking them up. Logistic regression analysis found differences between high-income countries and low- and middle-income countries in the relationship of caregiving with employment and household composition. Respondent's own drinking was positively correlated with the prevalence of caregiving in 10 out of 11 countries. In general, younger adults and those who are themselves risky drinkers are more likely to have had caring responsibilities. Although problematic drinking is concentrated in specific subpopulations, the burden of care for others' drinking extends widely across the population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heng Jiang
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia., Melbourne School of Population Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anne-Marie Laslett
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia., Melbourne School of Population Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sandra Kuntsche
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarah Callinan
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Orratai Waleewong
- International Health Policy Program, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Robin Room
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia., Melbourne School of Population Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia., Centre for Social Research on Alcohol and Drugs, Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Callinan S, Karriker-Jaffe KJ, Roberts SCM, Cook W, Kuntsche S, Grittner U, Graham K, Room R, Bloomfield K, Greenfield T, Wilsnack S. A gender-focused multilevel analysis of how country, regional and individual level factors relate to harm from others' drinking. Drugs (Abingdon Engl) 2022; 29:13-20. [PMID: 35177882 PMCID: PMC8846432 DOI: 10.1080/09687637.2020.1776684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to examine how gender, age and education, regional prevalence of male and female risky drinking and country-level economic gender equality are associated with harms from other people's drinking. METHODS 24,823 adults in ten countries were surveyed about harms from drinking by people they know and strangers. Country-level economic gender equality and regional prevalence of risky drinking along with age and gender were entered as independent variables into three-level random intercept models predicting alcohol-related harm. FINDINGS At the individual level, younger respondents were consistently more likely to report harms from others' drinking, while, for women, higher education was associated with lower risk of harms from known drinkers but higher risk of harms from strangers. Regional rate of men's risky drinking was associated with known and stranger harm, while regional-level women's risky drinking was associated with harm from strangers. Gender equality was only associated with harms in models in models that did not include risky drinking. CONCLUSIONS Youth and regional levels of men's drinking was consistently associated with harm from others attributable to alcohol. Policies that decrease the risky drinking of men would be likely to reduce harms attributable to the drinking of others.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Callinan
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Sarah C. M. Roberts
- Advancing New Standards in Reproductive Health (ANSIRH), Bixby Center for Global Reproductive Health, University of California, San Francisco, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences
| | - Won Cook
- Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - Sandra Kuntsche
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ulrike Grittner
- Institute of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Kathryn Graham
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto/London, Ontario, Canada,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Western Australia,School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robin Room
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Social Research on Alcohol and Drugs, Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kim Bloomfield
- Centre for Alcohol and Drug Research, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Tom Greenfield
- Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - Sharon Wilsnack
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
MacLean S, Room R, Cook M, Mugavin J, Callinan S. Affordances of home drinking in accounts from light and heavier consumers. Soc Sci Med 2022; 296:114712. [DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.114712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
46
|
Caluzzi G, Pennay A, Laslett AM, Callinan S, Room R, Dwyer R. Beyond 'drinking occasions': Examining complex changes in drinking practices during COVID-19. Drug Alcohol Rev 2021; 41:1267-1274. [PMID: 34601754 PMCID: PMC8653297 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction ‘Drinking occasions’ are commonly used to capture quantities of alcohol consumed. Yet this standardised terminology brings with it numerous assumptions and epistemological limitations. We suggest that social changes brought on by COVID‐19 restrictions have influenced routines, patterns of time use and drinking practices, highlighting the need to re‐examine how we conceptualise drinking and ‘drinking occasions’ in alcohol research. Methods This analysis draws on data gathered from 59 qualitative interviews conducted during the second half of 2020 with Australian drinkers aged 18 and over. The interviews explored how COVID‐19 restrictions impacted daily practices and alcohol consumption patterns. Findings Participants spoke about their work, study and social routines changing, which influenced the times, timing and contexts of their drinking practices. We separated these shifts into four overarching themes: shifting of structures shaping drinking; the permeability of drinking boundaries; the extension of drinking occasions; and new contexts for drinking. Discussion and Conclusion COVID‐19 restrictions have led to shifts in the temporal boundaries and contexts that would otherwise shape people's drinking, meaning drinking practices may be less bound by structures, norms, settings and rituals. The drinking occasions concept, although a simple tool for measuring how much people drink, has not been able to capture these complex developments. This is a timely consideration given that COVID‐19 may have enduring effects on people's lifestyles, work and drinking practices. It may be useful to examine drinking as practice, rather than just an occasion, in order to better contextualise epidemiological studies going forward.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Caluzzi
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Amy Pennay
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Anne-Marie Laslett
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.,National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.,Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sarah Callinan
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Robin Room
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.,Centre for Social Research on Alcohol and Drugs, Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robyn Dwyer
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Leggat G, Livingston M, Kuntsche S, Callinan S. Changes in alcohol consumption during pregnancy and over the transition towards parenthood. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 225:108745. [PMID: 34051548 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine pre- to postnatal changes in drinking for women and men and assess the role of education level in these changes. BACKGROUND The transition towards parenthood can contribute to significant shifts in alcohol consumption for women and men. Research has generally focused on pregnancy and short-term changes following childbirth, usually for mothers only. Socio-economic variation in the impact of childbirth and return to drinking postnatally is similarly understudied. METHOD Longitudinal alcohol consumption data for 2470 individuals (1248 female) who were pregnant, or the partner of a pregnant woman, were obtained from a representative, Australian survey for three years prior and following birth. Piecewise regression models, including an education-x-time interaction, assessed changes in drinking quantity and frequency. RESULTS Female usual quantity and frequency significantly declined during pregnancy, followed by significant postnatal increases in quantity, approaching pre-pregnancy levels, with similar trends across education levels. Male usual quantity increased following childbirth, save for those men with a high-school education. Having an undergraduate degree was associated with a significant postnatal increase in drinking frequency. CONCLUSION Further awareness of the risks associated with male-partner drinking could provide substantial public health benefits. Successful facilitation and implementation of interventions and harm reduction strategies for harmful drinking over the pre- to postnatal period could benefit from further consideration of socioeconomic status and education level, particularly for men.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Leggat
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research (CAPR), La Trobe University, Australia.
| | - Michael Livingston
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research (CAPR), La Trobe University, Australia; National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Australia; Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Sandra Kuntsche
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research (CAPR), La Trobe University, Australia.
| | - Sarah Callinan
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research (CAPR), La Trobe University, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Cook M, Dwyer R, Kuntsche S, Callinan S, Pennay A. ‘I’m not managing it; it’s managing me’: a qualitative investigation of Australian parents’ and carers’ alcohol consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic. Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/09687637.2021.1950125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Megan Cook
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Robyn Dwyer
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sandra Kuntsche
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sarah Callinan
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Amy Pennay
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Callinan S, Smit K, Mojica‐Perez Y, D'Aquino S, Moore D, Kuntsche E. Shifts in alcohol consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic: early indications from Australia. Addiction 2021; 116:1381-1388. [PMID: 33006789 PMCID: PMC7537267 DOI: 10.1111/add.15275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on alcohol consumption is currently unclear. This study aimed to provide early estimates of how stress and demographics will interact with shifts in harmful alcohol consumption from before the COVID-19 outbreak to 2 months into social distancing. DESIGN Cross-sectional convenience sample. SETTING Australia. PARTICIPANTS A total of 1684 Australians aged 18-65 years who drink at least monthly. MEASUREMENTS Items from the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and the stress subscale of the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS). FINDINGS Overall, harmful drinking decreased during social distancing measures in our sample [2019 score = 8.2, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 7.9-8.4; during the pandemic = 7.3, 95% CI = 7.1-7.6]. Younger drinkers, particularly young women, decreased their consumption the most, but there was a small increase in consumption in middle-aged women. Drinkers experiencing high levels of stress also reported a relatively higher shift in harmful consumption compared with those with low levels of stress (β = 0.65, P = 0.003), despite reporting a small decrease overall. CONCLUSIONS The closure of licensed premises and social distancing measures in Australia in response to the COVID-19 outbreak appear to have reduced harmful alcohol consumption in younger drinkers, particularly young women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Callinan
- Centre for Alcohol Policy ResearchLa Trobe UniversityBundooraAustralia
| | - Koen Smit
- Centre for Alcohol Policy ResearchLa Trobe UniversityBundooraAustralia,Behavioural Science InstituteRadboud UniversityNijmegenthe Netherlands
| | | | - Simon D'Aquino
- School of Psychology and Public HealthLa Trobe UniversityBundooraAustralia
| | - David Moore
- School of Psychology and Public HealthLa Trobe UniversityBundooraAustralia
| | - Emmanuel Kuntsche
- Centre for Alcohol Policy ResearchLa Trobe UniversityBundooraAustralia,Institute of PsychologyEötvös Loránd UniversityBudapestHungary
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Leggat
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research (CAPR), La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Livingston
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research (CAPR), La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
- National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sandra Kuntsche
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research (CAPR), La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarah Callinan
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research (CAPR), La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|